内容正文:
译林版小学英语六年级上册
全册教学指导手册
2026秋新版 · 依据《2026秋6上 译林笔记》整理
涵盖第一至第八单元:重点短语(英文中文对照)、重点语法、发音与时态,以及学习小贴士。
目录
手册使用说明 1
第一单元 Do your best(尽你最大努力) 2
一、重点短语 2
二、重点语法、发音与时态 2
第二单元 Honesty(诚实) 3
一、重点短语 3
二、重点语法、发音与时态 3
第三单元 Great people(伟人) 4
一、重点短语 4
二、重点语法、发音与时态 4
第四单元 Getting together(相聚相伴) 5
一、重点短语 5
二、重点语法、发音与时态 5
第五单元 Keep our city clean(保持城市清洁) 6
一、重点短语 6
二、重点语法、发音与时态 6
第六单元 Live a green life(践行绿色生活) 7
一、重点短语 7
二、重点语法、发音与时态 7
第七单元 Old things, new uses(旧物,新生) 8
一、重点短语 8
二、重点语法、发音与时态 8
第八单元 Then and now(过去与现在) 9
一、重点短语 9
二、重点语法、发音与时态 9
附录 学习小贴士(Learning tips) 10
手册使用说明
本手册依据《2026秋6上 译林笔记》(2026年秋季新版译林版小学英语六年级上册教材笔记)编写,覆盖本册全部八个单元。每个单元按"重点短语""重点语法、发音与时态"两个板块整理,帮助学生系统掌握各单元核心知识,提升英语学习效率。
本册八个单元围绕"良好品质"和"创造更美好的世界"两大模块展开,涵盖尽你最大努力、诚实、伟人、相聚相伴、保持城市清洁、践行绿色生活、旧物新生、过去与现在八个主题。语法主线以一般过去时为核心,逐步叠加一般将来时(will)、序数词、感叹句等语法点,最后进行现在时与过去时的综合对比复习。发音部分覆盖 ee、ea、ar、er、ir、or、ur 等字母组合发音及意群朗读技巧。
单元
主题
核心句型与功能
发音聚焦
第一单元
Do your best 尽你最大努力
一般过去时(规则/不规则动词过去式)
字母组合 ee(例词:bee)
第二单元
Honesty 诚实
一般过去时否定句(didn't+动原)和一般疑问句(Did+主+动原)
字母组合 ea(例词:teacher)
第三单元
Great people 伟人
一般过去时特殊疑问句(What/How/When/Where did…?)
字母组合 ar(例词:star)
第四单元
Getting together 相聚相伴
序数词(first / second / third…)
字母组合 er(例词:flower)
第五单元
Keep our city clean 保持城市清洁
一般将来时 will 陈述句
字母组合 ir(例词:girl)
第六单元
Live a green life 践行绿色生活
一般将来时 will 疑问句
字母组合 or(例词:born)
第七单元
Old things, new uses 旧物新生
感叹句(What…! / How…!)
字母组合 ur(例词:burn)
第八单元
Then and now 过去与现在
现在时与过去时对比复习,意群朗读
意群朗读
第一单元 Do your best(尽你最大努力)
一、重点短语
重点短语(英文)
中文释义
take part
参加
be good at
擅长……
have a go
试一试
practise doing sth.
练习做某事
in the morning
在早上
in the afternoon
在下午
in the evening
在晚上
It's one's turn
轮到某人
calm down
冷静下来
begin to do sth.
开始做某事
forget the words
忘词
finish the song
唱完这首歌
enjoy the experience
享受这次经历
want to do sth.
想要做某事
next year
明年
keep trying
继续加油;不断尝试
two weeks ago
两周前
play Mulan
扮演花木兰
a school play
学校戏剧演出
try one's best
尽某人最大努力
a lot of
许多
ask sb. to do sth.
请/要求某人做某事
practise with sb.
和某人一起练习
dancing skills
舞蹈功底/舞蹈技能
do sth. well
把某事做好
be afraid of doing sth.
害怕做某事
in front of many people
在很多人面前
watch sb. practise
看某人练习
practise a lot
大量练习
remember all the words and movements
记住所有台词和动作
be ready
准备好
it was time for sth.
到……的时间了
act well
表演得好
climb the tall tree
爬高高的树
at the top of the tree
在树顶上
long ago
很久很久以前
from the top of the tree
从树顶上
二、重点语法、发音与时态
(一)核心语法
一般过去时概述。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、two weeks ago(两周前)、long ago(很久很久以前)、just now(刚才)等。
例如:Two weeks ago, Su Hai wanted to play Mulan in a school play.
例如:Last week, Bobby and Sam saw a new poster at school.
例如:Long ago, there was a snail in the garden.
规则动词过去式变化规则。① 一般情况直接加 -ed:want → wanted,climb → climbed,remember → remembered;② 以不发音的 e 结尾加 -d:live → lived,practise → practised;③ 以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -ed:study → studied;④ 重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写末尾辅音字母再加 -ed:stop → stopped。
例如:She wanted to play Mulan.
例如:The snail climbed the tall tree.
例如:He remembered all the words.
不规则动词过去式。本单元重点不规则动词:begin → began(开始),see → saw(看见),be → was / were(是),forget → forgot(忘记),have → had(有),do → did(做),go → went(去),come → came(来),take → took(拿)。
例如:Bobby began to sing.
例如:They saw a new poster at school.
例如:Su Hai was afraid of acting in front of many people.
例如:At first he forgot the words, but then he remembered them.
常用句型。First…, but then… 一开始……,但是后来……,用于描述事情发展的转折;Why don't you…? 你为什么不……?用于提出建议;I'm not good at… 我不擅长……。
例如:First he was afraid, but then he calmed down.
例如:Why don't you take part in the singing competition?
例如:I'm not good at singing.
(二)发音聚焦
字母组合 ee:发 /iː/ 音。例词:bee(蜜蜂)、see(看见)、tree(树)、keep(保持)、sheep(绵羊)、green(绿色的)、meet(遇见)、feel(感觉)。
歌谣/绕口令示例:Bee, bee, busy as a bee. See, see, I can see. Tree, tree, a tall green tree. Keep trying, just like me.
第二单元 Honesty(诚实)
一、重点短语
重点短语(英文)
中文释义
one day
一天
find a storybook
捡到一本故事书
on one's way home
在某人回家的路上
begin to read
开始读
great fun
非常有趣
try to do sth.
试着做某事
put sth. in the schoolbag
把某物放进书包里
break sth.
弄坏某物
ask sb. sth.
问某人某事
not feel good
心里不好受
want to repair
想要修补
after school
放学后
repair the book carefully
仔细修补书
try one's best
尽某人最大努力
walk to sb.'s house
走到某人家
say sorry to sb.
向某人道歉
look at
看着
break one's book
弄坏某人的书
last week
上周
long ago
很久很久以前
a poor man
一个穷人
a sick old ox
一头生病的老牛
be away from home
出门不在家
sell the ox
卖掉牛
come back home
回到家
need the money
需要钱
buy food
买食物
sell … to others
把……卖给别人
old and sick
又老又病
get back
收回;取回
get a good name
赢得好名声
two days later
两天后
do the same thing
做同样的事
the next day
第二天
be afraid
害怕
no one
没有人
be very sad
非常难过
二、重点语法、发音与时态
(一)核心语法
一般过去时否定句。句型:主语 + didn't(= did not)+ 动词原形 + 其他。无论主语是第几人称、单数还是复数,一律用 didn't,后面的动词必须用原形。
例如:Meng Xin didn't want to sell the sick old ox to others.
例如:The boy didn't tell the truth.
例如:People didn't believe him any more.
例如:Sam did not feel good after breaking the book.
一般过去时一般疑问句。句型:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答:No, 主语 + didn't. 句首用 Did,后面动词用原形。
例如:— Did you see my storybook? — Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
例如:— Did he sell the ox? — Yes, he did.
例如:— Did the boy tell a lie? — Yes, he did.
不规则动词过去式(本单元补充)。find → found(找到/捡到),begin → began(开始),read → read(读,读音变为 /red/),try → tried(尝试),put → put(放),break → broke(弄坏),see → saw(看见),have → had(有),sell → sold(卖),come → came(来),do → did(做),go → went(去)。
例如:Sam found a storybook on his way home.
例如:He began to read the book.
例如:His nephew sold the ox.
例如:Meng Xin got back his sick old ox.
常用句型。It's very kind of you. 你真是太善良了,用于表达感谢和赞美;Who can help me? 谁能来救救我?There's no wolf. 根本没有狼。
例如:It's very kind of you to help me.
例如:Who can help me? The wolf is coming!
例如:There's no wolf. I was just joking.
(二)发音聚焦
字母组合 ea:发 /iː/ 音。例词:teacher(老师)、easy(容易的)、each(每个)、read(读)、team(团队)、mean(意思是)、speak(说)、clean(干净的)。
歌谣/绕口令示例:The teacher teaches me to seek the truth, and never tell a lie. It is not always easy, but each of us should try.
第三单元 Great people(伟人)
一、重点短语
重点短语(英文)
中文释义
do the shopping
购物,买东西
go with you
和你一起去
write about
写关于……
a famous scientist
一位著名的科学家
an inventor
一位发明家
work hard
努力工作
do great things
成就非凡,做大事
thanks for doing sth.
感谢做某事
take sb. to …
带某人去……
every week
每周
do the shopping for sb.
为某人购物
be happy to help
乐于帮忙
have a good idea
有一个好主意
my hero
我的英雄
everyone can be great
每个人都可以很了不起
a great scientist
一位伟大的科学家
father of hybrid rice
杂交水稻之父
have two dreams
有两个梦想
enjoy the cool
乘凉
tall rice plants
高高的稻穗
hybrid rice
杂交水稻
all over the world
全世界
a Chinese scientist
一位中国科学家
be born in
出生于
pass away
逝世,去世
do studies on…
在……方面做研究
at an early age
在幼年时
grow up
长大
work on
从事,研究
give up
放弃
stay in the fields
待在田间
a Chinese inventor
一位中国发明家
live in the Han Dynasty
生活在汉代
like making things
喜欢制作东西
write on bamboo or silk
在竹简或丝绸上书写
too heavy
太重
too expensive
太贵
think of
想出
二、重点语法、发音与时态
(一)核心语法
一般过去时特殊疑问句(What 提问)。句型:What + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?用于询问过去做了什么事。回答用一般过去时陈述句。
例如:— What did he invent? — He invented paper.
例如:— What did Yuan Longping develop? — He developed hybrid rice.
例如:— What did Bobby write about? — He wrote about his mother.
一般过去时特殊疑问句(How 提问)。句型:How + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?用于询问方式、方法或程度。
例如:— How did he do it? — He used cheap things like bark and rags to make paper.
例如:— How did his dream come true? — He worked hard and never gave up.
例如:— How was the play? — It was great!
一般过去时特殊疑问句(When / Where 提问)。When was + 主语 + born? 用于询问出生时间;Where did + 主语 + 动词原形?用于询问地点。年份用介词 in,具体日期用 on。
例如:— When was Yuan Longping born? — He was born in 1930.
例如:— Where was he born? — He was born in Beijing.
例如:— When did he begin to work on hybrid rice? — In 1964.
例如:— When did he pass away? — In 2021, in Changsha.
Why 提问及回答。Why was / did + 主语 + …? 用于询问原因,回答用 Because… 因为……。
例如:— Why was his invention important? — Because his paper helped more people read and write.
例如:— Why is Yuan Longping a great scientist? — Because he developed hybrid rice and helped feed people all over the world.
例如:— Why did Bobby want to write about his mother? — Because he thinks his mother is his hero.
常用表达。I want to… 我想要……;I also want to… 我还想要……,用于表达愿望和梦想;We can learn to be hard-working and never give up. 我们可以学习勤奋努力、遇到困难不放弃的精神。
例如:I want to be a scientist like Yuan Longping.
例如:I also want to help people in need.
例如:We can learn from great people.
(二)发音聚焦
字母组合 ar:发 /ɑː/ 音。例词:star(星星)、hard(努力地/困难的)、park(公园)、dark(黑暗的)、car(汽车)、far(远的)、farm(农场)、art(艺术)。
歌谣/绕口令示例:Great people are like stars in the dark. They bring us light and work very hard. Keep your dream and keep moving on. You can be a shining star, just like the sun.
第四单元 Getting together(相聚相伴)
一、重点短语
重点短语(英文)
中文释义
Double Ninth Festival
重阳节
a day for old people
老年人的节日
the ninth day of the ninth lunar month
农历九月初九
show one's love for sb.
向某人表达爱意
give sb. gifts
给某人送礼物
do chores for sb.
帮某人做家务
in the afternoon
在下午
go to see Grandpa
去看望爷爷
Happy Double Ninth Festival!
重阳节快乐!
next Monday
下周一
can't wait
迫不及待
Grandma's birthday
奶奶的生日
21st October
10月21日
go to one's grandparents' house
去爷爷奶奶家
in the morning
在早上
give sb. sth.
送给某人某物
a nice smartphone
一部漂亮的智能手机
draw a picture for sb.
为某人画幅画
bring a cake
带一个蛋糕
be happy to do sth.
很高兴做某事
have a big lunch
吃一顿丰盛的午餐
eat noodles
吃面条
wish sb. a long life
祝某人长寿
blow out the candles
吹灭蜡烛
chat with sb.
和某人聊天
take a family photo
拍全家福
every year
每年
Time flies!
时光飞逝!
a little kid
小孩子
take care of
照顾
spend more time with sb.
花更多时间陪伴某人
二、重点语法、发音与时态
(一)核心语法
序数词概述。序数词表示顺序、次序,意为"第几"。序数词前通常加定冠词 the,但前面有形容词性物主代词(my / his / her 等)时不加 the。
例如:the first day 第一天
例如:the ninth day of the ninth lunar month 农历九月初九
例如:my 63rd birthday 我的第63个生日
例如:our 12th family photo 我们的第12张全家福
基数词变序数词规则。① 一般在基数词后加 -th:four → fourth,six → sixth,seven → seventh,ten → tenth;② 特殊变化:one → first,two → second,three → third,five → fifth,eight → eighth,nine → ninth,twelve → twelfth;③ 以 -ty 结尾的整十数,变 y 为 ie 再加 -th:twenty → twentieth,thirty → thirtieth,forty → fortieth;④ 两位数的序数词,只变个位:twenty-one → twenty-first,sixty-three → sixty-third。
例如:first(第一)、second(第二)、third(第三)、fourth(第四)、fifth(第五)
例如:ninth(第九)、twelfth(第十二)、twentieth(第二十)
例如:twenty-first(第二十一)、sixty-third(第六十三)
序数词的缩写形式。序数词可以用阿拉伯数字加词尾最后两个字母表示:1st(first)、2nd(second)、3rd(third)、4th(fourth)、5th(fifth)、9th(ninth)、12th(twelfth)、21st(twenty-first)、22nd(twenty-second)、23rd(twenty-third)、30th(thirtieth)。
例如:21st October 10月21日
例如:9th June 6月9日
例如:22nd August 8月22日
例如:12th February 2月12日
例如:10th October 10月10日
序数词的用法。① 表示日期:月份 + 序数词,如 21st October(10月21日);② 表示生日:the + 序数词 + birthday,如 the 63rd birthday(第63个生日);③ 表示顺序:the + 序数词 + 名词,如 the ninth day(第九天)、the 12th photo(第12张照片)。
例如:Yesterday was 21st October. It was Grandma's 66th birthday.
例如:The Double Ninth Festival is on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month.
例如:This is our 12th family photo.
例如:I want to visit my grandparents on 12th February.
常用句型。It was …'s … birthday. 那天是……的……岁生日;When I was a little kid… 当我还是个小孩子的时候……;I want to… 我想要……;We should love and take good care of the old people. 我们应该关爱、照顾老人。
例如:It was Grandma's 66th birthday yesterday.
例如:When I was a little kid, my grandparents took care of me.
例如:I want to spend more time with my grandparents.
(二)发音聚焦
字母组合 er:发 /ə/ 音。例词:mother(妈妈)、daughter(女儿)、dinner(晚餐)、teacher(老师)、sister(姐妹)、flower(花)、farmer(农民)、driver(司机)。
歌谣/绕口令示例:I bought some flowers for my mother, and put them in water. I made a card for her, and wrote: "Love, your daughter."
第五单元 Keep our city clean(保持城市清洁)
一、重点短语
重点短语(英文)
中文释义
walk home
走路回家
clean and beautiful
又干净又漂亮
like living here
喜欢住在这里
throw … on the ground
把……扔在地上
shouldn't do that
不应该那样做
make the street dirty
把街道弄脏
pick … up
捡起
fall down
摔倒
Are you OK?
你还好吗?
walk you home
陪你回家
be happy to see them
见到他们很开心
have some bananas
吃点香蕉
keep the city clean
保持城市整洁
the plan for the weekend
周末计划
go plogging
跑步捡垃圾
pick up rubbish
捡垃圾
at the same time
同时
keep us healthy
保持我们身体健康
make our city clean
让我们的城市干净
That sounds great!
听起来太棒了!
join you
和你们一起
school gate
校门口
on time
准时
Good morning!
早上好!
Nice to see all of you!
很高兴见到大家!
It's fun.
这很有趣。
rubbish bags
垃圾袋
Look at …
看……
do a great job
做得太棒了
next weekend
下周末
keep … clean
使……保持干净
sweep the ground
清扫地面
clean the park
打扫公园
a cleaning group
清洁小组
start a group
成立小组
二、重点语法、发音与时态
(一)核心语法
一般将来时概述。一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow(明天)、next week(下周)、this Saturday(这周六)、next weekend(下周末)、in the future(将来)等。
例如:We will go plogging this Saturday morning.
例如:I'll pick up rubbish tomorrow.
例如:They will clean the park next weekend.
will 陈述句结构。句型:主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他。will 适用于各种人称,没有人称和数的变化,后面必须接动词原形。缩写形式:I will = I'll,you will = you'll,we will = we'll,they will = they'll,he will = he'll,she will = she'll。
例如:I will (I'll) bring rubbish bags.
例如:We will (We'll) go plogging in the park.
例如:Liu Tao will (He'll) pick up rubbish and sweep the ground.
例如:Yang Ling will (She'll) make posters to invite others.
will 表示计划和打算。will 可以表示已经计划好的、决定要做的事情,常用于谈论周末计划、活动安排等。常用句型:What's your plan for…? 你……有什么计划?I'll… 我将要……
例如:— What's your plan for the weekend? — I'll go plogging with my family.
例如:— What will you do to keep the park clean? — I'll pick up rubbish and sweep the ground.
例如:This Saturday, we'll clean Happy Tree Park.
否定形式。句型:主语 + will not (won't) + 动词原形 + 其他。will not = won't。
例如:We will not (won't) drop rubbish on the ground.
例如:I won't throw banana skins on the street.
例如:They won't make the city dirty.
常用句型。That sounds great! 听起来太棒了!用于回应他人的提议;It makes … + 形容词 它使……变得……;We can put rubbish in the bin and pick up litter on the ground. 我们可以把垃圾扔进垃圾桶并捡起地上的杂物。
例如:— Let's go plogging together! — That sounds great!
例如:It makes the street dirty.
例如:We should keep our city clean and beautiful.
(二)发音聚焦
字母组合 ir:发 /ɜː/ 音。例词:bird(鸟)、third(第三)、shirt(衬衫)、dirty(脏的)、first(第一)、girl(女孩)、skirt(裙子)、birthday(生日)。
歌谣/绕口令示例:The girl in a T-shirt, cleaned the dirty street. The street became clean and neat. First, she picked up the litter. Third, she swept the ground. What a lovely girl she was, keeping the city clean and sound.
第六单元 Live a green life(践行绿色生活)
一、重点短语
重点短语(英文)
中文释义
It's one's turn.
轮到某人了。
write something on the poster
在海报上写些内容
Help the Earth, Help Us
保护地球,就是保护我们自己
draw a rubbish bin
画一个垃圾桶
draw some banana trees
画一些香蕉树
take care of the Earth
关爱地球
turn off the lights
关灯
for an hour
持续一小时
Earth Hour
地球一小时
save electricity
节约用电
the last Saturday of March
三月的最后一个星期六
from … to …
从……到……
take part
参加
help the Earth
保护地球
save water
节约用水
turn off the tap
关掉水龙头
brush one's teeth
刷牙
waste food
浪费食物
eat up all the food
吃光所有食物
save paper
节约用纸
use both sides of the paper
双面用纸
Mother Earth
地球母亲
work together
一起努力
二、重点语法、发音与时态
(一)核心语法
一般将来时一般疑问句。句型:Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?用于询问对方是否将要做某事。肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + will. 否定回答:No, 主语 + won't.(will not = won't)
例如:— Will you take part in Earth Hour? — Yes, I will. / No, I won't.
例如:— Will he go shopping with us? — No, he won't. He will do housework at home.
例如:— Will they turn off the lights for an hour? — Yes, they will.
一般将来时特殊疑问句。句型:疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?常用疑问词有 What(什么)、How(怎样)、When(何时)、Where(何地)、Why(为什么)等。回答用 I'll / We'll / They'll / He'll / She'll + 动词短语。
例如:— What will you do to take care of the Earth? — I'll save water and turn off the tap when brushing teeth.
例如:— How will we go there? — We'll walk there. It's good for us and the Earth.
例如:— What will we buy? — We'll buy some vegetables, eggs and fish.
例如:— When will Earth Hour begin? — It will begin at 8:30 p.m.
will 疑问句的用法场景。① 询问他人的计划和意愿:Will you take part? 你会参加吗?② 询问将要做什么:What will you do? 你会做什么?③ 询问方式:How will you go? 你怎么去?回答时用 will 陈述句说明具体计划。
例如:— Will you use cloth bags when shopping? — Yes, I will. I won't use plastic bags.
例如:— What will Mike do to save paper? — He will use both sides of the paper.
例如:— Will Liu Tao waste food? — No, he won't. He will eat up all the food.
环保行动常用表达。save water / electricity / paper 节约水/电/纸;turn off the tap / lights 关掉水龙头/灯;brush one's teeth 刷牙;waste food 浪费食物;eat up all the food 吃光所有食物;use both sides of the paper 双面用纸;use cloth bags 使用布袋;live a green life 过绿色生活。
例如:I'll save water by turning off the tap when I brush my teeth.
例如:We won't waste food. We'll eat up all our food.
例如:She'll save paper by using both sides of the paper.
例如:They'll use cloth bags instead of plastic bags.
常用句型。Do you know this activity? 你知道这个活动吗?It tells people to… 它呼吁人们……;These small things will help our Mother Earth in a big way. 这些小事会大大帮助我们的地球母亲;Let's work together! 让我们一起努力!
例如:Earth Hour tells people to save electricity.
例如:These small things will help our Mother Earth in a big way.
例如:Let's work together to protect the Earth.
(二)发音聚焦
字母组合 or:发 /ɔː/ 音。例词:for(为了)、short(短的)、sport(运动)、morning(早上)、horse(马)、born(出生)、corn(玉米)、door(门)。
歌谣/绕口令示例:We are all born on the Earth. It is important for everyone, short or tall, old or young. Love our Mother Earth. Never let her down. In the morning, we do sports. We keep the Earth clean, just like a brand-new door.
第七单元 Old things, new uses(旧物,新生)
一、重点短语
重点短语(英文)
中文释义
an art project
一个美术项目
old things
旧物品
make sth. with…
用……制作某物
a plastic bag
塑料袋
old trousers
旧裤子
old buttons
旧纽扣
What a beautiful picture!
多漂亮的一幅画啊!
Your turn.
轮到你了。
What happened?
怎么了?/发生了什么?
a cardboard box
纸箱
help you
帮你
throw … away
扔掉……
pick … up
捡起……
a recycling bin
回收箱
get on a truck
上卡车
make friends with
和……交朋友
plastic cups
塑料杯
plastic bottles
塑料瓶
glass bottles
玻璃瓶
recycling centre
回收中心
put … into different groups
把……分成不同类别
go into a machine
进入一台机器
go to sleep
睡着
in the library
在图书馆里
like … very much
非常喜欢……
next time
下一次
become …
变成……
二、重点语法、发音与时态
(一)核心语法
感叹句概述。感叹句用于表达强烈的情感(赞美、惊讶、感叹等),句末用感叹号。英语中感叹句主要由 What 和 How 引导。
例如:What a big fish! 好大的一条鱼啊!
例如:How nice! 真好看!
例如:What a wonderful journey! 多么奇妙的旅程啊!
What 引导的感叹句。① What + a / an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数(+ 主语 + 谓语)!如 What a big fish (it is)! ② What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!如 What old books (they are)! What dirty plastic bags (they are)!
例如:What a beautiful picture (it is)! 多漂亮的一幅画啊!
例如:What a great idea (it is)! 真是个好主意!
例如:What old books (they are)! 多旧的书啊!
例如:What dirty plastic bags (they are)! 多脏的塑料袋啊!
How 引导的感叹句。句型:How + 形容词 / 副词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!How 后面直接接形容词或副词,不接名词。
例如:How nice! 真好看!
例如:How clever you are! 你真聪明!
例如:How wonderful! 太棒了!
例如:How dirty these plastic bags are! 这些塑料袋多脏啊!
例如:How great the idea is! 这个主意多好啊!
What 与 How 感叹句的互换。同一个意思可以用 What 或 How 两种句型表达,注意结构不同:What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 = How + 形容词 + the + 名词 + be 动词。
例如:What a great idea (it is)! = How great the idea is!
例如:What a beautiful picture (it is)! = How beautiful the picture is!
例如:What old books (they are)! = How old these books are!
例如:What dirty plastic bags (they are)! = How dirty these plastic bags are!
常用句型。What did you make with…? 你用……做了什么?I made … with … 我用……做了……;But it was … 但是……(表转折);Your turn. 轮到你了;What happened? 怎么了?
例如:— What did you make with the old trousers? — I made a bag.
例如:I made a toy fish with a plastic bag and some paper.
例如:But it was rainy this morning, so the hat got wet.
(二)发音聚焦
字母组合 ur:发 /ɜː/ 音。例词:hurt(伤害)、turn(变成/转动)、nurse(护士)、burn(燃烧)、purple(紫色的)、Thursday(星期四)、turtle(乌龟)、surf(冲浪)。
歌谣/绕口令示例:Recycle for you and me. Don't burn the rubbish, don't throw it carelessly. Don't hurt Mother Earth in any way. Turn rubbish into new things, day after day. The nurse said: "Don't burn, just learn to turn."
第八单元 Then and now(过去与现在)
一、重点短语
重点短语(英文)
中文释义
two weeks ago
两周前
buy...from...
从……买……
look at
看……
do many things
做很多事
cook a big dinner
做一顿丰盛的晚餐
like...very much
非常喜欢……
play Chinese chess
下中国象棋
every time
每次
go to the park
去公园
come back late
回来得很晚
be hungry
饿了
What's for dinner?
晚饭吃什么?
cook dinner for us
为我们做晚饭
give sb. a surprise
给某人一个惊喜
can't wait
迫不及待
What happened?
发生了什么?
do a project
做一个项目
life in the past and now
过去与现在的生活
write letters to…
给……写信
chat with…
和……聊天
on the Internet
在网上
spend time on the road
在路上花费时间
high-speed trains
高铁
work in an office
在办公室上班
work from home
居家办公
have online meetings
开线上会议
Don't worry
别担心
robot helper
机器人助手
change one's life
改变某人的生活
二、重点语法、发音与时态
(一)核心语法
一般过去时复习。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,谓语动词用过去式。常与表示过去的时间状语连用:in the past(在过去)、twenty years ago(二十年前)、fifty years ago(五十年前)、two weeks ago(两周前)、last week(上周)、yesterday(昨天)等。
例如:In the past, Grandpa wrote letters to his family and friends.
例如:Twenty years ago, Dad went to shops and paid in cash.
例如:Fifty years ago, Grandma walked to different places.
例如:Two weeks ago, Bobby's parents bought a robot from the shop.
一般现在时复习。一般现在时表示现在经常发生的动作、习惯或存在的状态,也表示客观事实。谓语动词用原形,主语为第三人称单数时动词加 -s / -es。常与 now(现在)、these days(如今)、often(经常)、sometimes(有时)、every day(每天)等连用。
例如:Now Grandpa chats with them on the Internet.
例如:These days, Mum sometimes works from home and has online meetings.
例如:Now Dad often shops online and pays on the smartphone.
例如:Now Grandma uses a smartphone to talk with her friends.
过去与现在对比句型。常用 In the past, … Now, … 或 Twenty years ago, … These days, … 来对比过去和现在的生活变化。过去的动作用一般过去时,现在的动作用一般现在时。
例如:In the past, we wrote letters to keep in touch. Now we send emails and chat online.
例如:In the past, we walked to different places. Now we go by bus, subway or car.
例如:In the past, we bought things in shops. Now we shop online on the Internet.
例如:In the past, we read paper books. Now we often read e-books.
例如:Twenty years ago, he paid in cash. These days, he pays on the smartphone.
不规则动词过去式汇总(全册复习)。be → was / were,begin → began,break → broke,buy → bought,come → came,do → did,find → found,forget → forgot,give → gave,go → went,have → had,make → made,read → read,see → saw,sell → sold,take → took,try → tried,write → wrote。
例如:Grandpa wrote letters. / Now he chats online.
例如:They went to shops. / Now they shop online.
例如:She had a smartphone. / Now she uses it every day.
例如:He bought a robot. / The robot does many things.
常用句型。What's for dinner? 晚饭吃什么?What happened? 发生了什么?Don't worry. 别担心;Technology changes our life. 科技改变我们的生活;We can do a project about life in the past and now. 我们可以做一个关于过去与现在生活的项目。
例如:— What's for dinner? — The robot will cook dinner for us.
例如:— What happened? — The robot fell on the floor.
例如:Technology makes our life much easier and more colourful.
(二)发音聚焦
意群朗读:意群是指句子中按意思和语法结构划分出的各个成分,每个意群表达一个相对完整的意思。朗读时,意群之间可以稍作停顿(用 / 标记),意群内部要连贯流畅,不可随意断开。
歌谣/绕口令示例:示例:① Two weeks ago, / Bobby's parents / bought a robot / from a shop. ② Our robot / is cooking dinner / for us. ③ Last week, / I bought a robot / online. ④ It does / a lot of housework. / It never / feels tired. ⑤ I can talk to it / on the screen. ⑥ It keeps / my house / clean and tidy.
附录 学习小贴士(Learning tips)
Unit 1 Keep trying and never give up. 坚持努力,永不放弃。
面对新困难时,不要害怕退缩。把大困难分解成小步骤,逐一克服。就像波比练习唱歌一样,每天进步一点点,最终一定能绽放光芒。记住:勇敢去尝试,做最好的自己!
Unit 2 Always tell the truth. 永远说真话。
诚实是最宝贵的品质。即使犯了错误,也要勇于承认并尽力改正。就像山姆弄坏了博比的书后,主动修补并道歉一样,诚实能赢得他人的原谅和友谊。记住:诚实永远是正确的选择。
Unit 3 Learn from great people. 向伟人学习。
了解伟人的生平故事,学习他们勤奋努力、永不放弃的精神。袁隆平为了杂交水稻研究,常年待在田间地头,从不放弃。我们也要像伟人一样,为自己的梦想努力奋斗,用实际行动帮助他人。
Unit 4 Spend more time with your family. 多花时间陪伴家人。
记住家人的生日和重要日期,用实际行动表达爱。重阳节时向祖父母表达爱意,生日时为家人准备礼物和祝福。就像王兵陪奶奶聊天、拍全家福一样,陪伴是最长情的告白。
Unit 5 Keep our city clean. 保持城市整洁。
从不乱扔垃圾做起,积极参与清洁活动。看到地上的垃圾主动捡起,把垃圾扔进垃圾桶。可以和朋友们一起去"跑步捡垃圾"(plogging),既锻炼身体又保护环境,做一名环保小卫士。
Unit 6 Live a green life. 过绿色生活。
从节约水电、减少塑料使用等小事做起。刷牙时关掉水龙头,离开房间时关灯,购物时使用布袋,双面使用纸张,吃光所有食物。这些小事会大大帮助我们的地球母亲,让我们一起努力!
Unit 7 Reuse old things. 旧物利用。
发挥创意,把旧物品变成新的有用的东西。旧裤子可以做成包,纸箱可以做成帽子,旧纽扣可以做成画。回收利用不仅能减少浪费、保护环境,还能锻炼我们的动手能力和创造力。
Unit 8 Learn about changes in life. 了解生活中的变化。
采访长辈,了解过去的生活,珍惜现在的美好生活。过去人们写信、步行上班、现金付款,现在我们网上聊天、居家办公、手机支付。科技让生活更便捷,但也要学会合理使用科技,做科技的主人。
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