专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，重庆专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆九校联盟·期中）Sometimes, when you say “hello,” try to make small talk, or order food, a young person might give you a blank look. This expression, often with little emotion, is now called the “Gen Z stare.” Many people wonder why some Gen Z members seem to have such empty eyes during conversations, creating awkward silences. As people discuss the Gen Z stare, they also talk about other generations’ typical silent moments. Some Gen Zers explain that they might glare when listening to a difficult customer at work or when thinking about how to respond. However, others believe this “resting retail face” is not just for Gen Z but common among all young service workers. What makes a stare a Gen Z stare? It is a blank look when a response is clearly expected. Brenda Alarcon, a 20-year-old student and part-time waitress, says she has seen many of these stares. She tries to be extra friendly to make up for her coworkers. “I would never give the Gen Z stare,” she says. “I’m the type to ask stupid questions by mistake, even if I’m tired or the menu is right in front of me.” Sometimes, she also receives the stare when ordering food from young workers. “It makes me feel so uncomfortable that I just leave,” she adds. Jarrod Benson, a 33-year-old content creator, thinks that Gen Z’s constant use of social media and the isolation from the pandemic have created a “perfect storm”, making this generation less comfortable in social situations. He once had a waiter who stayed completely silent while taking orders, just looking at each person. “He said, ‘It’s like they’re always watching a video and don’t feel the need to respond. Small talk can be hard, but we do it because it’s socially expected. They won’t.’” Benson also mentions the “millennial pause”-waiting a second or two before speaking in a video-and the “boomer stare,” a similar expression from older people. In the end, these generational habits are often discussed in a light-hearted way. As each generation grows older, they develop more habits that others find funny or awkward. Still, Benson jokes, “The generation born after 2010 is going to be terrible.” 1.What is the “Gen Z stare” mainly described as? A. A happy and excited look. B. A blank and emotionless expression. C. A angry face shown to friends. D. A funny reaction to jokes. 2.Why do some Gen Zers give the stare, according to the text? A. They are always very tired. B. They are thinking or dealing with a difficult situation. C. They do not like food. D. They are watching videos. 3.How does Brenda Alarcon act at her job? A. She gives the Gen Z stare often. B. She tries to be very nice and kind. C. She avoids talking to customers. D. She asks her coworkers to respond. 4.What does Jarrod Benson think caused the Gen Z stare? A. Difficulties at work. B. Working in restaurants. C. Social media and pandemic isolation. D. Editing videos. 5.What is the writer’s overall tone about generational habits? A. Very serious and worried. B. Angry and critical. C. Light-hearted and humorous. D. Sad and disappointed. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. B　4. C　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“Z世代凝视”的定义、相关群体反应及背后成因，以轻松视角探讨代际习惯差异。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This expression, often with little emotion, is now called the ‘Gen Z stare.’(这种通常没什么情绪的表情，现在被称为‘Z世代凝视’。)”以及第三段中的“It is a blank look when a response is clearly expected.(它是在明显需要回应时，露出的一种茫然表情。)”可知，“Z世代凝视”主要被描述为一种茫然且缺乏情绪的表情。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some Gen Zers explain that they might glare when listening to a difficult customer at work or when thinking about how to respond.(一些Z世代解释说，当在工作中面对难缠的顾客，或者思考如何回应时，他们可能会露出这样的凝视。)”可知，部分Z世代露出这种凝视是因为他们正在思考或处理棘手的情况。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Brenda Alarcon, a 20-year-old student and part-time waitress... She tries to be extra friendly to make up for her coworkers.(20岁的学生兼兼职服务员布伦达·阿拉孔……她努力表现得格外友好，以弥补同事们的不足。)”可知，布伦达在工作中会努力表现得非常友善。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Jarrod Benson, a 33-year-old content creator, thinks that Gen Z’s constant use of social media and the isolation from the pandemic have created a ‘perfect storm’, making this generation less comfortable in social situations.(33岁的内容创作者贾罗德·本森认为，Z世代频繁使用社交媒体以及疫情带来的隔离，形成了一场‘完美风暴’，让这一代人在社交场合中感到不太自在。)”可知，贾罗德认为社交媒体的频繁使用和疫情隔离是导致“Z世代凝视”的原因。故选C项。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In the end, these generational habits are often discussed in a light-hearted way.(最后，这些代际习惯的讨论往往是以一种轻松的方式进行的。)”以及“Still, Benson jokes, ‘The generation born after 2010 is going to be terrible.’(不过，本森开玩笑说：‘2010年后出生的那一代人将会很糟糕。’)”可知，作者对代际习惯的整体语气是轻松且幽默的。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆南开中学校·期中）Get Ready for Music Festivals Winter Star Music Fest 2025 ■Aspen, Colorado ■12/18/2025 - 12/21/2025 ■Zach Bryan, Kacey Musgraves, Cody Johnson, Miranda Lambert, Charley Crockett, Sierra Ferrell, Paul Cauthen, Brittney Spencer ■25 for youth (under 18) New Year’s Eve Country Bash 2026 ■Nashville, Tennessee ■12/29/2025 — 1/1/2026 ■Morgan Wallen, Lainey Wilson, Luke Combs, Hardy, Carly Pearce, Parker McCollum, Ashley McBryde, Randall King ■35 for early birds Lone Star Frost Fest 2026 ■Austin, Texas ■1/15/2026 - 1/18/2026 ■Midland, Turnpike Troubadours, Flatland Cavalry, William Beckmann, Read Southall Band, Giovannie and the Hired Guns ■30 for early birds Northern Lights Sound Festival 2026 ■Edmonton, Alberta ■2/5/2026 - 2/8/2026 ■Tenille Townes, Dean Brody, The Reklaws, Jess Moskaluke, Aaron Goodvin, Tyler Joe Miller, Lindsay Ell, Brett Kissel ■$40 for all Winter country music festivals are becoming the new trend. Be prepared for a chilly yet thrilling experience. In order to fully enjoy a winter music festival, you must be ready. Need to Know: ·Book your accommodations in advance. Winter festivals often mean high demand for nearby lodges and cabins. ·Dress in layers. Warm wear, waterproof boots, and a good hat are essential. ·Hand warmers and a thermos with a hot drink can be a lifesaver during long outdoor sets. ·Check road conditions and tire chains (防滑链) if you’re driving through snowy areas. ·Most festivals forbid glass containers. Bring beverages in cans or plastic. ·Be prepared for sudden weather changes. Waterproof tarps (油布) and extra tent stakes (桩) are must-haves. ·Keep your phone and devices fully charged — cold weather drains batteries faster. 1.How much should a family of parents and two sons (aged 10 and 19) pay for the Winter Star Music Fest 2025? A. $120. B. $140. C. $160. D. $180. 2.Which festival will you go to if you are a fan of Midland? A. Winter Star Music Fest 2025. B. New Year’s Eve Country Bash 2026. C. Lone Star Frost Fest 2026. D. Northern Lights Sound Festival 2026. 3.What tip is provided for attendees of the winter music festivals? A. Avoiding bringing canned beverages. B. Carrying a portable charger if necessary. C. Booking hotels on the day of the festival. D. Wearing lightweight clothing for better movement. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章推介2025-2026年四场冬季乡村音乐节，列出时间、地点、阵容、票价及早鸟优惠。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Winter Star Music Fest 2025票价栏“25 for youth(under 18)(成人25)”可知，一对父母和两个儿子(分别为10岁和19岁)的家庭票价：父母 (2人）× 45 + 10岁儿子 (1人)× 90 + 25 = $160。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据各个艺术节的艺术家列表可知，Midland仅出现在Lone Star Frost Fest 2026艺术家列表中，所以，Midland的粉丝应该去Lone Star Frost Fest 2026。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Need to Know部分的句子“Keep your phone and devices fully charged — cold weather drains batteries faster.(让你的手机和设备充满电——寒冷的天气会更快地耗尽电池)”可知，建议冬季音乐节的参加者必要时携带便携式充电器。故选B项。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆九校联盟·期中）Four Unique Travel Destinations The Lost City of Machu Picchu, Peru High in the Andes Mountains of Peru, Machu Picchu stands as a remarkable reminder of the Inca Empire. This ancient city, built in the 15th century, was abandoned around the time of the Spanish conquest and remained hidden from the outside world until 1911. Its stunning location on a mountain ridge, surrounded by deep valleys, is as impressive as the stone ruins themselves. Visitors often hike the Inca Trail to reach the site, waking up before dawn to see the sunrise over the terraces and temples. The Great Barrier Reef, Australia The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef system, composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands. It is so vast that it can be seen from space. This underwater world is famous for its incredible biodiversity, filled with thousands of species of fish, corals, and other marine life like turtles and dolphins. Snorkeling and scuba diving here offer unforgettable experiences. However, the reef faces significant threats from climate change, which causes coral bleaching, and from water pollution. Petra, Jordan Petra, the famous archaeological city in Jordan’s desert, is known as the “Rose City” for the color of the stone from which it is carved. This ancient city was the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom and is famous for its sophisticated water conduit system and its breathtaking structures, like the Treasury (Al-Khazneh), which is dramatically revealed as you walk through a narrow, deep canyon called the Siq. Established possibly as early as the 4th century BC, Petra was a major trading hub and was lost to the Western world for centuries. The Northern Lights, Iceland One of nature’s most spectacular shows, the Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights, is best viewed in high-latitude regions like Iceland. This natural light display is caused by collisions between electrically charged particles from the sun that enter the Earth’s atmosphere. The lights appear as shimmering waves of green, pink, and purple dancing across the night sky. Winter months, with their long, dark nights, provide the best viewing opportunities. Tourists often travel into the remote countryside, away from city lights, for the best chance to see this magical phenomenon. 1.How can visitors experience Machu Picchu in a special way according to the text? A. By swimming around the islands. B. By hiking a trail and seeing the sunrise. C. By driving on a mountain road. D. By watching a light show at night. 2.What is the main threat to the Great Barrier Reef mentioned in the passage? A. Too many tourists diving. B. Climate change and pollution. C. The increase in fish populations. D. Earthquakes and tsunamis. 3.What is the best time to see the Northern Lights in Iceland? A. During the summer. B. On a rainy day. C. In the winter months. D. At noon. 4.What is the main topic of this passage? A. The history of ancient civilizations. B. The environmental problems facing landmarks. C. The description of several unique travel destinations. D. The best countries for adventure sports. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个独特的旅行目的地，包括秘鲁的马丘比丘、澳大利亚的大堡礁、约旦的佩特拉和冰岛的北极光，描述了它们的位置、特点、历史或自然现象，以及一些旅行体验和相关问题。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Visitors often hike the Inca Trail to reach the site, waking up before dawn to see the sunrise over the terraces and temples.(游客经常徒步印加古道到达遗址，在黎明前醒来观看日出照耀梯田和寺庙)” 可知，游客可以通过徒步小道并观看日出来特殊体验马丘比丘。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However, the reef faces significant threats from climate change, which causes coral bleaching, and from water pollution.(然而，珊瑚礁面临着来自气候变化的重大威胁，这导致珊瑚白化，以及来自水污染)”可知，大堡礁面临的主要威胁是气候变化和污染。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Winter months, with their long, dark nights, provide the best viewing opportunities.(冬季，夜晚漫长而黑暗，提供了最佳的观赏机会)” 可知，在冰岛观看北极光的最佳时间是冬季月份。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据标题“Four Unique Travel Destinations(四个独特的旅游目的地)”及下文内容可知，文章的主要主题是描述几个独特的旅行目的地。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆第一中学校·期中）Ashton Simmons, known by his stage name Daniel Caesar, is a Toronto-born R&B singer. On October 24, 2025, he released his fourth studio album (专辑) Son of Spergy — a work that marks a key career turn. Before this, Caesar had already gained recognition with his 2023 album Never Enough, which reached No. 2 on Billboard’s Top R&B albums Chart. However, Son of Spergy went beyond this achievement, marking Caesar’s first No. 1 on any Billboard chart. This success is a testament to his growth as an artist, showing his music’s emotional power. Centered on mending ties with his father and exploring spirituality, the album’s title honors Caesar’s father, Norwill Simmons, a pastor and gospel singer, who goes by the nickname “Spergy”. Caesar once shared that Spergy has long influenced his life, and this album is rooted in their journey toward “reconciliation (和解)” — a theme that shines through in every part of the work. There are 12 tracks in the album that combine soft melodies, heartfelt lyrics, and unique audio layers, which together create the rich and emotional sound of the music. Tracks tell Caesar’s story: “Have A Baby (With Me)” talks of renewal, when he sings: “It’s too late for our dreams. We can make a new dream.” “Baby Blue”, with his father, mixes R&B and gospel, ending with Spergy’s words. He continues singing about choosing the people to be with in the future in “Who Knows”. In “Moon”, Caesar raises questions of the soul, “Who’s gonna be my Jesus?” The album ends with “Sins of Father” (with Bon Iver), a piano-driven track where Caesar forgives his father. The final line — “Turn around. Oh, child of mine” — doubles as a nod to his bond with God and healed relationship with Spergy. For Caesar, music shares vulnerability. Through Son of Spergy, he confirms his place as a top artist and invites listeners to think about family and spirituality. 1.How did the author support the idea that the album Son of Spergy marked a key career turn? A. By analyzing reasons. B. By grouping data. C. By making a comparison. D. By giving definitions. 2.What can we learn about Caesar’s father? A. He first sought reconciliation. B. He is an R&B singer and pastor. C. He has influenced the new album. D. He named the album after his nickname. 3.Which track reflects the album’s spiritual exploration? A. Moon. B. Baby Blue. C. Who Knows. D. Have A Baby (With Me). 4.What is Caesar’s expectation for the album? A. To top the billboard charts. B. To show his father’s musical talent. C. To share his reconciliation with Spergy. D. To inspire reflection on family and spirituality. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了R&B歌手Daniel Caesar的新专辑《Son of Spergy》及其意义。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Before this, Caesar had already gained recognition with his 2023 album Never Enough, which reached No. 2 on Billboard’s Top R&B albums Chart. However, Son of Spergy went beyond this achievement, marking Caesar’s first No. 1 on any Billboard chart.(在此之前，Caesar凭借2023年的专辑《Never Enough》已经获得了认可，该专辑在公告牌顶级R&B专辑排行榜上排名第二。然而，《Son of Spergy》超越了这一成就，标志着Caesar首次在公告牌任何排行榜上排名第一。)”可知，作者通过将《Son of Spergy》与Caesar之前的专辑《Never Enough》在公告牌排行榜上的排名进行比较，来支持《Son of Spergy》标志着Caesar职业生涯关键转折点的观点。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Centered on mending ties with his father and exploring spirituality, the album’s title honors Caesar’s father, Norwill Simmons, a pastor and gospel singer, who goes by the nickname “Spergy”. Caesar once shared that Spergy has long influenced his life, and this album is rooted in their journey toward “reconciliation (和解)” — a theme that shines through in every part of the work.(这张专辑以修复与父亲的关系和探索精神世界为中心，专辑的标题是为了纪念Caesar的父亲Norwill Simmons，他是一位牧师和福音歌手，绰号“Spergy”。Caesar曾分享说，Spergy长期以来一直影响着他的生活，而这张专辑植根于他们走向“和解”的旅程——这一主题在作品的每一部分都闪耀着光芒。)”可知，Caesar的父亲对这张新专辑产生了影响。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In “Moon”, Caesar raises questions of the soul, “Who’s gonna be my Jesus?”(在《Moon》中，Caesar提出了灵魂的问题，“谁会成为我的耶稣？”)”可知，《Moon》这首歌反映了专辑对精神世界的探索。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“For Caesar, music shares vulnerability. Through Son of Spergy, he confirms his place as a top artist and invites listeners to think about family and spirituality.(对Caesar来说，音乐分享脆弱性。通过《Son of Spergy》，他确立了自己作为顶级艺术家的地位，并邀请听众思考家庭和精神世界。)”可知，Caesar对这张专辑的期望是激发人们对家庭和精神世界的反思。故选D。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·重庆“大一联盟”·期中）Since the birth of AI robots, many people have been hoping these smart machines would “rescue” us from tedious chores, such as folding laundry, washing dishes and weeding the garden. Robots on show at the 2024 World Robot Conference, held in Beijing from Aug 21 to 25, reflected the desire of technology companies to achieve this. “People are excited about smarter and more humanized robots,” said Meng Yuan, brand manager of Hangzhou-based DEEP Robotics. Robots are “smarter” when they require less human control, Meng said. Take the company’s robot dog X30, for example. The robot dog can understand its environment and move around without hitting things. The X30 uses built-in cameras and laser radars (激光雷达) to collect information. It then deals with this information, breaking it down into smaller tasks. After deciding on the skills needed for the task, the robot picks skills from its skill set to do these tasks. Developers at DEEP Robotics explained that the robot’s independent actions come from real-life learning and training—not just from remembering “the rules”. They trained the dog in different situations until it kept making good decisions. The X30 has recently become well-known at Zhejiang University, where it is busy helping students carry their heavy bags across the campus for the start of the school year. Robot dogs like this one are becoming real helpers in our daily lives. Anthlot S1, a human-shaped robot waiter developed by Anthlot, a company based in Shenzhen, showed its humanization during the conference through its amazing “hands”. Many were shocked to see it skillfully do Chinese calligraphy (书法) and play the dizi (笛子). The fast growth of generative AI, such as ChatGPT, seems to be giving humanoid robots a “soul” — making their decision-making abilities better. Ren C. Luo, a professor from Taiwan, said at the conference. With generative AI, robots are hoped to do much more difficult tasks. However, as Luo pointed out. “The percentage of real use of generative AI on robots is currently less than 5 percent. There is still a lot of room for improvement.” 1.What does the underlined word “tedious” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Boring. B. Interesting. C. Easy. D. Important. 2.Why is the robot dog X30 considered “smart” according to Meng Yuan? A. It can remember a lot of rules. B. It requires less human control. C. It has built-in cameras. D. It is famous at Zhejiang University. 3.What can we learn from Ren C. Luo’s words? A. Generative AI has greatly improved robot performance. B. Robots with generative AI can do any difficult task now. C. Generative AI is not widely applied on robots yet. D. Developers will soon solve the problems of AI robots. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The development history of AI robots. B. The robot show at the 2024 World Robot Conference. C. The role of generative AI in robot development. D. Recent progress and challenges of AI robots. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍2024世界机器人大会上AI机器人的智能化、人性化进展，包括代表性产品功能，同时指出生成式AI在机器人领域的应用局限与改进空间。 (1)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“such as folding laundry, washing dishes and weeding the garden(比如叠衣服、洗碗和给花园除草)”可知，这些都是人们日常中重复、枯燥且不愿花费过多精力的家务，“tedious”表示“枯燥的、乏味的”。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Robots are “smarter” when they require less human control, Meng said.(孟说，当机器人需要的人为控制更少时，它们就更“智能”。)”可知，X30机器狗被认为“智能”的原因是所需人为控制少。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The percentage of real use of generative AI on robots is currently less than 5 percent. There is still a lot of room for improvement.(目前生成式人工智能在机器人上的实际应用率还不到5%，仍有很大的改进空间。)”可知，罗仁智的话表明生成式AI尚未在机器人领域广泛应用。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章前半部分介绍2024世界机器人大会上的代表性产品（如X30机器狗、Anthlot S1人形机器人），体现AI机器人在智能化、人性化方面的最新进展；后半部分通过罗仁智的观点，指出生成式AI在机器人领域的应用局限与改进空间。核心是围绕AI机器人的“进展与挑战”展开。故选D项。 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·重庆彭水第一中学校·期中）The characteristic (特征) of shyness is to feel frightened and nervous in new social situations or when being the center of attention. Whether shyness is part of your children’s personality or just something they feel when they are in front of a group of strangers, it is a common experience, according to a study. For children at this age, shyness may be a quite common and normal experience when they face a speech task. For a smaller group of shy children, however, being the center of attention may be stressful at different times and environments. A shy temperament isn’t always valued by society like an outgoing personality, but that doesn’t mean there is something wrong. Everyone can feel shy at times depending on the environment. And those who are particularly shy often have happy social lives—they just aren’t likely to be the liveliest people in a crowded room. Although shyness itself may not necessarily be a problem, parents should pay attention to signs of worry, particularly in their shy children. Importantly, however, we know that not all shy children are the same, and that many shy children grow up to be well-balanced adults. To look at shyness, researchers brought 152 children aged 7-8 into a lab and told them they would give a speech, which would be filmed and shown to other children. The study showed that about 10% of the children showed a level of stress over time when giving the speech. About 25% of the children were not reported to be shy in the eyes of their parents, but in fact showed a level of social stress from giving the speech. This finding provides the fact that shyness may be a part of these children’s temperament (性情). 1.What can we learn from paragraph 1? A. Shyness is not an unusual characteristic. B. Shyness is born with personality. C. Shyness will appear when one is in public. D. Shyness means not communicating with others. 2.What is the finding of the study? A. Few kids like to give a speech to others. B. Some kids can get shy while giving speeches. C. Some kids appear less shy with their parents. D. Some kids are stressed when being separated. 3.What does the author advise parents to do when facing shy children? A. Bring them to crowded space. B. Care for them and give them confidence. C. Keep them away from shyness. D. Let them be alone. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. When are people shy? B. Ways of beating shyness C. Why is shyness a bad thing? D. The discoveries about shyness 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 主要讲述的是无论害羞是孩子性格的一部分，还是他们在一群陌生人面前的感觉，这都是一种常见的经历。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Whether shyness is part of your children’s personality or just something they feel when they are in front of a group of strangers, it is a common experience, according to a study. (一项研究表明，无论害羞是孩子性格的一部分，还是他们在一群陌生人面前的感觉，这都是一种常见的经历。)”可知，害羞并不是一个不寻常的特征。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“The study showed that about 10% of the children showed a level of stress over time when giving the speech. About 25% of the children were not reported to be shy in the eyes of their parents, but in fact showed a level of social stress from giving the speech. (研究表明，随着时间的推移，大约10%的孩子在演讲时表现出一定程度的压力。据报道，大约25%的孩子在父母眼中并不害羞，但事实上，他们在演讲时表现出一定程度的社会压力。)”可知，这项研究的发现是部分孩子演讲的时候会感到害羞紧张。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Although shyness itself may not necessarily be a problem, parents should pay attention to signs of worry, particularly in their shy children. (虽然害羞本身不一定是一个问题，但父母应该注意焦虑的迹象，尤其是他们害羞的孩子。)”可知，当面对害羞的孩子时，父母应该关心他们，给他们信心。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether shyness is part of your children’s personality or just something they feel when they are in front of a group of strangers, it is a common experience, according to a study. (一项研究表明，无论害羞是孩子性格的一部分，还是他们在一群陌生人面前的感觉，这都是一种常见的经历。)”以及后文对这一发现的研究和介绍可知，文章围绕害羞展开，介绍了害羞的表现与相关科研成果，所以“The discoveries about shyness(关于羞怯的相关研究发现)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·重庆九校联盟·期中）We are what we eat. It’s an old but meaningful expression. A recent study shows that people eating healthy food in proper amounts live longer. But which areas have the best diets? The Lancet Global Health journal published findings. Researchers studied diets in 187 countries from 1990 to 2010. They found that the healthiest diets — Mediterranean, New Nordic, French and Japanese — are quite different but share some things. They are all heavy on local, seasonal foods and limit processed foods. They have many vegetables and seafood but little red meat. Many studies prove the Mediterranean diet is healthy. It includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. There’s also moderate fish and poultry. Red meat, sugary and salty foods are not common in it. The World Health Organization says Japanese people live long. Women there have a life expectancy of 87, and men 80. Researchers believe the Japanese diet is the reason for such long lifespans. The Japanese diet has low-calorie, nutrient-rich foods like seaweed, tofu, miso soup, rice, vegetables and fish. People in Okinawa live even longer. And local food traditions may help explain why. For example, they stop eating when 80% full. Their diet is rich in nutritious vegetables. Though habits are changing, the island is still home to many people over 100 years of age. Researchers think eating fewer calories for long helps. However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. Researchers call this the “French Paradox.” A paradox is something made up of opposites and seems impossible but it is, in fact, possible. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and in products sold in stores are smaller than those in the United States. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals. 1.According to the passage, which of the following is a common feature of the healthiest diets? A. Emphasize local and seasonal foods. B. Rich in processed foods for convenience. C. High in red meat and sugary foods. D. Include large amounts of snacks between meals. 2.Which of the following is NOT true about the Mediterranean diet? A. It includes moderate fish and poultry. B. Red meat and sugary foods are rarely eaten. C. It emphasizes processed foods for daily meals. D. Fruits, vegetables, and olive oil are part of the diet. 3.The underlined word “paradox” in the sentence “Researchers call this the ‘French Paradox.’” most likely means: A. A common and expected situation. B. Something that seems contradictory but is true. C. A problem that cannot be solved. D. A widely accepted scientific fact. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. Japanese people live longer because they eat only vegetables and fish. B. Healthy diets around the world share certain features and contribute to long life. C. The French can eat fatty foods and not gain weight because they eat less. D. Processed foods should be completely avoided to live longer. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界各地健康饮食的共性与长寿关联。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“They found that the healthiest diets — Mediterranean, New Nordic, French and Japanese — are quite different but share some things.(他们发现，最健康的饮食——地中海、新北欧、法国和日本——有很大不同，但也有一些共同之处。)”、和第二段中“They are all heavy on local, seasonal foods and limit processed foods.(它们都大量使用当地的时令食物，并限制加工食品。)”可知，最健康的饮食的共同特征是强调当地和时令食物。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“They are all heavy on local, seasonal foods and limit processed foods. They have many vegetables and seafood but little red meat. Many studies prove the Mediterranean diet is healthy. It includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. There’s also moderate fish and poultry. Red meat, sugary and salty foods are not common in it.(这些饮食都大量选用当地当季食材，且限制加工食品的摄入。它们富含蔬菜和海鲜，但红肉摄入量较少。多项研究证实，地中海饮食十分健康。它包含水果、蔬菜、全谷物、坚果和橄榄油。此外，还有适量的鱼类和家禽。红肉、含糖和含盐食物在其中并不常见。)”可知，地中海饮食强调日常饮食中的加工食品是错误的，因为地中海饮食限制加工食品。故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. Researchers call this the “French Paradox .” A paradox is something made up of opposites and seems impossible but it is, in fact, possible.(然而，法国人食用高脂肪食物却不会发胖，而且寿命也很长。研究人员将这一现象称为“法国Paradox”。paradox指的是由对立面构成、看似不可能但实际可能的事物。)”可知，法国人吃高脂肪食物却不会发胖，而且寿命很长，这看起来是矛盾的，但却是真实的，所以paradox的意思是“看似矛盾但真实存在的事物”。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“A recent study shows that people eating healthy food in proper amounts live longer. But which areas have the best diets?(最近的一项研究表明，适量食用健康食品的人寿命更长。但是哪些地区的饮食最好呢？)”以及根据第二段“They are all heavy on local, seasonal foods and limit processed foods. They have many vegetables and seafood but little red meat. Many studies prove the Mediterranean diet is healthy. It includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. There’s also moderate fish and poultry. Red meat, sugary and salty foods are not common in it.(这些饮食都大量选用当地当季食材，且限制加工食品的摄入。它们富含蔬菜和海鲜，但红肉摄入量较少。多项研究证实，地中海饮食十分健康。它包含水果、蔬菜、全谷物、坚果和橄榄油。此外，还有适量的鱼类和家禽。红肉、含糖和含盐食物在其中并不常见。)”可知，本文主要介绍了世界上最健康的饮食，包括地中海、新北欧、法国和日本饮食，它们有一些共同之处，都大量使用当地的时令食物，限制加工食品，多吃蔬菜和海鲜，少吃红肉，这些健康的饮食有助于长寿。因此，本文的主旨是“世界各地的健康饮食有一些共同特征，有助于长寿”。故选B。 主题语境06 人与自然-灾害防范 （25-26高一上·重庆育才中学校·期中）Earthquakes are some of the most powerful and destructive natural events on our planet. Have you ever wondered what causes them? They happen because of the movement of the Earth’s crustal plates — these huge pieces of the Earth’s surface press and push against each other slowly over time. As they rub together, stress builds up in the rocks. When that stress gets too strong for the rock to handle, the rock suddenly breaks. This rupture (断裂) releases a huge amount of energy, which travels through the Earth as seismic waves (地震波). These waves are what make the ground shake violently, and the stronger the rock movement, the more powerful the earthquake — sometimes shaking even faraway areas. While earthquakes rarely kill people directly, their consequences can be disastrous. Most injuries and deaths come from falling objects, collapsing buildings, or fires and dangerous chemical leaks that happen right after. That’s why no matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is so important. For example, when you feel the ground shaking, quickly find a strong piece of furniture — like a chair, sofa, or closet. Lie down next to it, or curl up close by. If the roof falls, it might damage the furniture, but it will usually leave a small safe space next to it for you to survive. After an earthquake, acting fast is key to saving lives and reducing damage. Governments, international organizations, and local communities need to work together to provide emergency help. This includes medical care, food, water, temporary shelter, and search-and-rescue missions to find people trapped under ruins. Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating disasters that affect communities around the world. We can’t stop them from happening, but we can take steps to make their effects less severe — like building stronger buildings, setting up early warning systems, and planning effective response and recovery efforts. By working together, we can save more lives and build communities that are better able to bounce back after these powerful natural events. 1.Why do earthquakes occur according to paragraph 1? A. Because the Earth’s surface is too thin. B. Because seismic waves shake the ground suddenly. C. Because crustal plates move and cause rock rupture. D. Because rocks on the Earth’s surface are not strong enough. 2.What should we do during an earthquake? A. Hide in a closet. B. Stay in the bedroom. C. Curl up under a chair. D. Lie down next to a sofa. 3.What is the key to reducing death and damage after an earthquake? A. Quick response from local governments. B. Timely action and cooperation at home and abroad. C. Effective plans for immediate warning system setup. D. Strict rules for building stronger structures in risk areas. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Earthquake Risks: Danger and Response B. Earthquake Impacts: The Science Behind Them C. Earthquake Causes: The Roots of Destructive Shakes D. Earthquake Survival Tips: Ways for People to Stay Safe 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章解释了地震的成因，介绍了地震期间的自我保护方法、震后的应急救援措施，以及减轻地震危害的长期策略，强调了预防与协作的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“They happen because of the movement of the Earth’s crustal plates — these huge pieces of the Earth’s surface press and push against each other slowly over time. As they rub together, stress builds up in the rocks. When that stress gets too strong for the rock to handle, the rock suddenly breaks. (地震的发生是由于地壳板块的运动——这些巨大的地球表面板块随着时间的推移缓慢地相互挤压碰撞。当它们相互摩擦时，岩石中会积聚应力。当应力超过岩石的承受能力时，岩石会突然断裂。)”可知，地震发生的原因是地壳板块运动并导致岩石断裂。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, when you feel the ground shaking, quickly find a strong piece of furniture — like a chair, sofa, or closet. Lie down next to it, or curl up close by. (例如，当你感觉到地面摇晃时，迅速找到一件坚固的家具——比如椅子、沙发或壁橱。躺在它旁边，或者蜷缩在附近。)”可知，地震期间我们可以躺在沙发旁边。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“After an earthquake, acting fast is key to saving lives and reducing damage. Governments, international organizations, and local communities need to work together to provide emergency help. (地震后，迅速行动是挽救生命和减少损失的关键。各国政府、国际组织和当地社区需要共同努力，提供紧急援助。)”可知，震后减少伤亡和损失的关键是及时行动以及国内外的协作。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍地震的成因，第二段讲述地震期间的防护方法，第三、四段分别说明震后的应急响应和长期减灾策略，核心围绕地震的“危害”与“应对”展开。选项A“地震风险：危害与应对”全面概括了文章内容，适合用作标题。故选A。 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·重庆合川瑞山中学·期中）A garden has a way of pulling you in. There is a quiet sense of purpose that comes with doing physical tasks outdoors, Washing pots, adjusting staging, or tying string around a stem that needs support matters more than they seem. They are small actions, but they leave a clear result. You don’t need much skill to start. A simple shelf with a few seed trays (盘) or pots is enough. Tools can be basic. Mistakes are expected. You’ll learn through doing, not from guides or books. They are reasons why greenhouses are so often discussed. They make it easier to control your environment and give you the confidence to keep experimenting. Ventilation (通风) lets you manage heat levels. Panels keep pests out. Staging means you can work at a comfortable height without bending. There are many prefabricated greenhouses available on the market, so right after you buy one, you can use it. Some offer automatic venting, wide access doors, and built-in base frames. These features make daily tasks smoother and encourage regular use of the space. Hands-on work is a chance to reset your mind while doing something worthwhile. You don’t need to finish anything-just show up! Gardening doesn’t need to be ambitious. It doesn’t need to be formal, structured or complicated. You can start with one tray, one tomato plant, or a few herbs in pots. What matters is the time you give to it. A greenhouse can extend that habit, support more plants, and give you a quiet place to carry out simple tasks whenever you choose. You won’t use it every day. But it will always be there when you feel like stepping outside. If you have been thinking about creating your corner to potter, it may be worth exploring what is available. There are models designed for meeting different needs. 1.What can we know about having a garden? A. It depends on guides. B. It costs much money. C. It brings many benefits. D. It focuses on much skill. 2.What does the underlined word “prefabricated” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Low-cost. B. Environment-friendly. C. Hand-made. D. Ready-made. 3.What matters most for gardeners according to the author? A. Their knowledge. B. Their experience. C. Their ability. D. Their energy. 4.What use does a greenhouse have? A. To take the place of a regular garden. B. To make people’s creation easier. C. To help people keep gardening habits. D. To meet people’s different needs for life. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了园艺的魅力与益处。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“There is a quiet sense of purpose that comes with doing physical tasks outdoors, Washing pots, adjusting staging, or tying string around a stem that needs support matters more than they seem. They are small actions, but they leave a clear result.(在户外从事体力劳作时，会油然而生一种沉静的使命感。清洗花盆、调整花架，或是给需要支撑的花茎绑上细绳，这些看似不起眼的小事，实则意义非凡。它们都是细微的举动，却能带来实实在在的成果。)”和第四段中的“Hands-on work is a chance to reset your mind while doing something worthwhile.(动手劳作是在做有意义的事情时重置思绪的机会。)” 可知，园艺能带来使命感、明确成果和思绪重置的机会，即带来诸多益处。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“There are many prefabricated greenhouses available on the market, so right after you buy one, you can use it.(市场上有许多prefabricated温室，所以你一买就可以使用。)”可知，一买就可以使用的温室应该是“现成的”，ready-made意为“现成的”，与prefabricated意思相近。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“What matters is the time you give to it.(重要的是你投入的时间。)”可知，对园丁来说最重要的是他们投入的时间精力。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A greenhouse can extend that habit, support more plants, and give you a quiet place to carry out simple tasks whenever you choose.(温室可以延续这种习惯，支持更多的植物，并给你一个安静的地方，让你随时进行简单的任务。)”可知，温室能帮助人们保持园艺习惯。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆渝北中学·期中）One of the world’s poorest countries has been hit by a deadly 6.0 quake, which took place on 31st August in 2025, completely destroying several villages. Earthquakes are a constant danger in Afghanistan—a country which sits across three geological break lines. The previous magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck in October 2023 and was followed by strong aftershocks. It was Afghanistan’s deadliest natural disaster in recent memory, with the Taliban government estimating (估计) 4,000 were killed, though the UN gave a far lower number of around 1,500. This most recent tectonic (地质的) cracks near the city of Jalalabad-leaving more than 800 people dead—represents the third major quake in the past four years. But the people of this poor nation are vulnerable in a number of ways. The impact of foreign aid cuts. Since the Taliban took control in 2021, the international community has reduced much of the economic support which formed the large part of government spending in Afghanistan. Even humanitarian (人道主义的) aid, which generally goes around government institutions, has reduced greatly—from $3.8bn (052.8bn) in 2022 to $767m (05566.6m) this year. The US government, through its international development arm USAID, provided 45% of all assistance given to Afghanistan last year—but the Trump administration has cut those sums. The UK, along with France, Germany, Sweden, and others have also made deep cuts to humanitarian aid. As a result, hundreds of hospitals and local health clinics in the country have been shut this year and related medical posts have been lost. This crisis comes as the country tries to absorb millions of people who escaped when the Taliban took power. More than two million have come back this year, with Pakistan and Iran taking measures to force their return. On arrival, they discover a country where more than half the population requires immediate humanitarian assistance, according to the UN—with millions suffering from lack of food. Large parts of northern Afghanistan have been stricken with the long-term drought. A disaster worsened in a nation that ranks as one of the poorest—and most hopeless—on Earth. 1.What can we know about earthquakes in Afghanistan? A. They are common disasters in Afghanistan. B. The 2025 earthquake has the largest magnitude in recent years. C. The 2023 earthquake is the deadliest one in history. D. The 2023 earthquake caused about 1,500 people to lose their lives. 2.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” mean in paragraph 2? A. deeply shocked B. easily harmed C. physically weak D. mentally disordered 3.How does the Afghanistan government usually get through natural disasters? A. By leaving them to chance. B. By standing on its own feet. C. By depending on outside help. D. By getting economic support from Taliban. 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Many people’s returns to the homeland will worsen the crisis. B. The government is well-prepared to accommodate the returning millions. C. Many people are forced to return to their homeland to fight against the disaster. D. The natural disasters cause Afghanistan to be one of the poorest countries. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍阿富汗频发地震，且因外援缩减、难民回流等问题，在灾害面前处境艰难的现状。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Earthquakes are a constant danger in Afghanistan—a country which sits across three geological break lines.(地震在阿富汗是一种常见的危险，这个国家地处三条地质断裂带上。)”可知，地震在阿富汗是常见灾害。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“The impact of foreign aid cuts. Since the Taliban took control in 2021, the international community has reduced much of the economic support which formed the large part of government spending in Afghanistan. Even humanitarian (人道主义的) aid, which generally goes around government institutions, has reduced greatly—from $3.8bn (052.8bn) in 2022 to $767m (05566.6m) this year.(对外援助削减的影响不容忽视。自 2021 年塔利班掌权以来，国际社会大幅削减了此前占阿富汗政府开支很大一部分的经济援助。即便通常绕过政府机构发放的人道主义援助，也出现了大幅缩减 —— 从 2022 年的 38 亿美元（约合 262.8 亿元人民币）降至今年的 7.67 亿美元（约合 556.6 亿元人民币）)”，再结合后文提到医院关闭、民生艰难等内容，可推测阿富汗民众在诸多方面都容易受到伤害。结合“vulnerable”的英文释义为“易受攻击的；易受伤害的”，可知该词此处意为“easily harmed”。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the international community has reduced much of the economic support which formed the large part of government spending in Afghanistan. Even humanitarian (人道主义的) aid... has reduced greatly(国际社会大幅削减了此前占阿富汗政府开支很大一部分的经济援助，就连人道主义援助也大幅减少)”可知，阿富汗政府以往应对自然灾害主要依靠外部援助。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As a result, hundreds of hospitals and local health clinics in the country have been shut this year and related medical posts have been lost. This crisis comes as the country tries to absorb millions of people who escaped when the Taliban took power. More than two million have come back this year, with Pakistan and Iran taking measures to force their return. On arrival, they discover a country where more than half the population requires immediate humanitarian assistance, according to the UN—with millions suffering from lack of food.(因此，该国今年已有数百所医院和地方卫生诊所关闭，相关医疗岗位也随之流失。这场危机恰逢阿富汗正试图接纳数百万在塔利班掌权时逃离的民众之际。今年已有超过 200 万人回国，巴基斯坦和伊朗采取了强制措施遣返他们。联合国称，这些人抵达后发现，这个国家超半数人口需要紧急人道主义援助，数百万人正遭受饥荒之苦。)”可推知，大量民众回流会进一步加重阿富汗本就严峻的危机。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆第一中学校·期中）Born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, Gen Z is often referred to as “digital (数码的) natives”. Therefore, it may come as a surprise that Gen Z is turning away from screens and heading outdoors. From forest bathing to camping trips, more young adults are embracing nature as part of their lives. Digital tiredness is driving change. Gen Z spends more time online than any other generation, with daily screen time averaging 6-9 hours. According to a recent survey by Pew Research Centre, over 60% of Gen Z respondents reported feeling stressed out by the pressures of staying digitally connected. Therefore, nature offers an escape. For Gen Z, being outdoors isn’t just leisure, it’s a form of essential self-care. Surprisingly, the very platforms driving digital tiredness are now fueling nature engagement. Social media is not just part of the problem but it’s also part of the solution. Popular tags such as #Hiking, #IceBathing, #RunningClubs, and #VanLife have received billions of views online. Health and lifestyle influencers share experiences of these activities, transforming the image of nature as desirable and reachable. Although access to nature is still limited by safety concerns, cost, and urban density, Gen Z is adapting as best as they can. From sharing equipment to joining outdoor clubs, they’re finding creative ways to regain access to public spaces. Reconnecting with nature is also driven by environmental values. From ecotourism to zero-waste hiking, Gen Z spends outdoor time with purpose. Gen Z is reshaping global movements, using social media to spread ideas of climate action and redefine sustainable living. This generation is embracing outdoor experiences that are low-cost, low-tech, and deeply fulfilling. Among all these activities, run clubs and social fitness events have taken off in popularity. With a growing number of Gen Z passionate about spending time outdoors, it’s evident that many are turning to nature to restore balance, foster connection, and contribute to a healthier world. 1.What do the numbers in paragraph 2 show? A. Gen Z’s digital overload. B. Gen Z’s preference for screens. C. The necessity of digital connection. D. The phenomenon of online addiction. 2.Which best describes social media’s role for Gen Z? A. Two-sided. B. Up-to-date. C. Problem-causing. D. Space-saving. 3.What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Online platforms support ecotourism. B. Gen Z has strong environmental awareness. C. Embracing outdoor activities is challenging. D. Social fitness events require shared equipment. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. From Online to Outdoors: The Call of the Wild B. Beyond the Screen: The Truth of Outdoor Lives C. Gen Z is replacing Screen Time for Green Time D. Social Media is Leading Gen Z to Outdoor Trips 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍Z世代虽为数字原住民，却因数字疲劳转向户外，同时借助社交媒体推动自然活动，践行环保理念的趋势。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Gen Z spends more time online than any other generation, with daily screen time averaging 6-9 hours. According to a recent survey by Pew Research Centre, over 60% of Gen Z respondents reported feeling stressed out by the pressures of staying digitally connected. (Z世代比其他任何一代人上网时间都长，日均屏幕使用时长达到6到9小时。根据皮尤研究中心近期的一项调查，超60%的Z世代受访者表示，维持线上社交的压力让他们感到焦虑。)”可知，这些数据体现出Z世代存在数字过度使用的问题。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Surprisingly, the very platforms driving digital tiredness are now fueling nature engagement. Social media is not just part of the problem but it’s also part of the solution. (令人惊讶的是，那些催生数字疲劳的平台如今正推动着人们走进自然。社交媒体不仅是问题的制造者，也是解决方案的一部分。)”可知，社交媒体对Z世代而言具有双面性。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Reconnecting with nature is also driven by environmental values. From ecotourism to zero-waste hiking, Gen Z spends outdoor time with purpose. Gen Z is reshaping global movements, using social media to spread ideas of climate action and redefine sustainable living. (与自然重新建立联系，同样是由环保价值观驱动的。从生态旅游到零废弃徒步旅行，Z世代的户外活动都带有明确的目的性。Z世代正在重塑全球环保运动，利用社交媒体传播气候行动理念，重新定义可持续生活方式。)”可知，Z世代具备强烈的环保意识。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, Gen Z is often referred to as “digital (数码的) natives”. Therefore, it may come as a surprise that Gen Z is turning away from screens and heading outdoors. (出生于20世纪90年代中期至21世纪10年代初的Z世代常被称为“数字原住民”。因此，Z世代正远离屏幕、走向户外的现象可能会令人感到意外。)”可知，全文核心是Z世代减少屏幕使用时间，增加户外活动时间，因此“Z世代正用绿色时光取代屏幕时间”概括了文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆渝北中学·期中）Some specialists doubt often using noise-cancelling headphones against background noise may hurt people’s hearing skills. Renee Almeida, an audiologist (听力师) at a healthcare trust, has seen a rise in adults who visit her clinic with various hearing issues but tests suggest their hearing is fine. The problem is with their brain, not their ears. They may fail to locate where a sound is from, or follow a conversation with full attention. The condition, known as auditory (听觉的) processing disorder (APD), is often found in children, making them struggle to hear in classrooms or focus on a conversation. The rise in adults with similar issues struck Almeida as strange. She doubts that the widespread use of noise-cancelling headphones may cause ear infections (感染) and affect the process children learn to focus on sounds. For adults, it may make their brain lazy processing sounds, just as muscles weaken without exercise. There’s no scientific evidence that noise-cancelling headphones cause APD, but APD affects about 3%-5% of school-aged children. According to Harvey, a professor at the University of Manchester, listening experience affects our ability to separate background noise. Interrupting what is heard can be more problematic for children than adults. If a child has repeated ear infections before age five, they’ll find it hard later to focus on sounds from one direction. Surprisingly, many don’t catch up and need to learn the skill through training on apps such as Sound Storm. Professor Dani at the University of Melbourne says people who use noise-cancelling headphones for long periods may find listening harder when they take them off. But she says the benefits should not be overlooked for managing sensory inputs. “Instead of suggesting abandoning noise-cancelling headphones, we need to stress the need for more comprehensive research studies,” she adds. For now, Professor Dani recommends bone conduction (骨传导) headphones and hearing training. She urges patients to listen to radio debates and to take down the lyrics of rap songs. “There’s great bouncing ability in the brain. Make an effort to listen to what’s being said.” 1.What problem do noise-cancelling headphones bring about to the wearers? A. Affecting their focus of attention. B. Their ears’ failure to locate the sound. C. Resulting in damage to their hearing. D. Causing failure to follow a conversation. 2.What can be learned from Paragraph 3? A. Adults recover from hearing interruption more easily than children. B. Most children with early ear infections will develop normal hearing. C. The ability to separate background noise can not be affected by experience. D. Early childhood ear infections can cause later auditory processing problems. 3.Why does Professor Dani suggest listening to radio debates? A. It’s for improving bouncing ability in the ears. B. It’s effective for children under the age of five. C. It helps train the brain to better process and focus. D. It’s helpful for people to abandon noise-canceling headphones. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. APD Can Be Cured with Proper Exercise. B. Specialists Call Attention to APD Disease. C. Headphones Are Beneficial to Most Adults. D. Noise-Cancelling Headphones May Cause a Condition. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了降噪耳机可能引发听觉处理障碍这一问题，专家对此进行了相关研究并给出建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Some specialists doubt often using noise-cancelling headphones against background noise may hurt people’s hearing skills. Renee Almeida, an audiologist (听力师) at a healthcare trust, has seen a rise in adults who visit her clinic with various hearing issues but tests suggest their hearing is fine. The problem is with their brain, not their ears. They may fail to locate where a sound is from, or follow a conversation with full attention.(一些专家怀疑，经常使用降噪耳机来对抗背景噪音可能会损害人们的听力技能。Renee Almeida是一家医疗信托机构的听力学家，她发现有越来越多的成年人因各种听力问题前往她的诊所，但测试表明他们的听力正常。问题出在他们的大脑，而不是耳朵。他们可能无法找到声音的来源，或者无法全神贯注地听对话)”可知，降噪耳机影响佩戴者注意力集中。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“If a child has repeated ear infections before age five, they’ll find it hard later to focus on sounds from one direction. (如果一个孩子在五岁前反复出现耳部感染，那么他们以后会发现很难集中注意力听来自一个方向的声音)”可知，幼儿时期的耳部感染会导致后来的听觉处理问题。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“She urges patients to listen to radio debates and to take down the lyrics of rap songs. “There’s great bouncing ability in the brain. Make an effort to listen to what’s being said.” (她敦促患者听广播辩论并记下说唱歌词。“大脑有很强的可塑性。努力听别人在说什么。”)”可知，教授建议听广播辩论是因为它可以训练大脑更好地处理和集中注意力。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“There’s no scientific evidence that noise-cancelling headphones cause APD, but APD affects about 3%-5% of school-aged children. (没有科学证据表明降噪耳机会导致听觉处理障碍，但听觉处理障碍会影响约3%-5%的学龄儿童)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了降噪耳机可能引发听觉处理障碍这一问题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆第一中学校·期中）Carl Behnke, a food safety expert at Purdue University, had long been curious about the actual cleanliness of his reusable water bottle. He put paper towels into the bottle and, upon pulling them out, was shocked to see how dirty they turned out to be. This inspired him to design a study. Behnke and colleagues stopped passers-by along a road at Purdue and asked if they would be happy to lend their water bottles to them as part of their research — to see how clean they were. “One thing that stood out from the project was the number of people who didn’t want to know the results,” recalls Behnke. “Basically, they knew that their cleaning habits were poor to non-existent — something the data later suggested, with some even rarely thinking about cleaning their bottles.” Research shows that reusable water bottles can carry millions of bacteria. A study found that water in bottles used by adults went from about 75,000 bacteria (细菌) per milliliter in the morning to over 1-2 million by the end of the day. Contamination often comes from the drinker’s hands, mouth, and the outside of the bottle. Those who don’t wash their hands regularly may introduce harmful germs like E. coli into their bottles. While most bacteria are harmless, they can put some people at risk, especially those with poor health. Besides, drinks that contain sugar can feed bacteria, promoting growth and making the situation worse. Although serious illnesses from reusable bottles are rare, it’s still important to maintain good hygiene (卫生). To reduce bacterial growth, it’s recommended to clean your water bottle regularly. Behnke’s research indicated that participants who used brushes or dishwashers had the lowest bacteria counts. Cleaning should involve hot water and soap, letting the bottle sit for about ten minutes before washing thoroughly. It’s essential to let the bottle air-dry to prevent wetness buildup, which encourages bacteria. And proper handwashing before touching your clean bottle can also help reduce contamination. 1.What can be inferred about the people in the study according to paragraph 2? A. They actively helped with the study. B. They thought the study was necessary. C. They were confident about the study results. D. They were clear they didn’t take good care of their bottles. 2.What does the underlined word “Contamination” in paragraph 3 mean? A. dirt. B. Pollution. C. Damage. D. Sickness. 3.What’s a recommended way to reduce bacteria growth? A. Wiping with clean dry towels. B. Washing hands regularly with soap. C. Using brushes with hot soapy water. D. Washing for about ten minutes each time. 4.What can be the best title of the text? A. Are You Using the Right Water Bottle? B. Does Your Water Bottle Make You Sick? C. Are You Cleaning Your Water Bottle Enough? D. Should You Stop Using Reusable Water Bottle? 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍可重复使用水瓶的卫生问题及对应的清洁建议。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Basically, they knew that their cleaning habits were poor to non-existent — something the data later suggested, with some even rarely thinking about cleaning their bottles. (基本上，他们知道自己的清洁习惯很差，甚至根本没有清洁习惯 —— 这一点后来得到了数据的证实，有些人甚至很少考虑清洗自己的水瓶)”可知，这些人清楚自己没有好好清洁水瓶，所以才不想知道研究结果。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Contamination often comes from the drinker’s hands, mouth, and the outside of the bottle. Those who don’t wash their hands regularly may introduce harmful germs like E. coli into their bottles. (Contamination通常来自饮用者的手、嘴巴以及水瓶的外部。那些不经常洗手的人可能会将大肠杆菌等有害细菌带入瓶中)”可知，该词指的是水瓶被细菌等弄脏的状态，由此猜测划线词意为“污染”，与Pollution含义相近。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Behnke’s research indicated that participants who used brushes or dishwashers had the lowest bacteria counts. Cleaning should involve hot water and soap, letting the bottle sit for about ten minutes before washing thoroughly. (Behnke的研究表明，使用刷子或洗碗机的参与者，其水瓶的细菌数量最低。清洗时应使用热水和肥皂，先将水瓶放置约十分钟，再彻底洗净)”可知，推荐的减少细菌滋生的方法是用刷子配合热水和肥皂清洗水瓶。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段引出的水瓶清洁度研究、第三段说明的水瓶细菌污染问题以及第五段给出的清洁建议可知，文章核心是围绕人们是否充分清洁可重复使用水瓶展开。因此Are You Cleaning Your Water Bottle Enough? (你的喝水瓶洗得够勤吗？)最适合作为标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·重庆巴蜀中学教育集团·期中）Hibernation (冬眠) is a way for many creatures to survive cold, dark winters without migrating to somewhere warmer. The main features of hibernation include slowed metabolism (新陈代谢), heart rate, and need for food and water. Hibernation is a commonality between animals like bears and groundhogs. It’s been known that humans aren’t a species that hibernate — at least, not until now. Scientists have unlocked a form of hibernation for humans, although it’s not a winter-long sleep, but more of a sleepy state where your bodily functions are slowed. A study has been going on for years to learn if the human body can go through the state of hibernation. The study is being conducted by Clifton Callaway and funded by NASA in search of a way to further space exploration. Unlocking human hibernation would be the key to trips like the nine-month long journey to Mars, or even further beyond our solar system. Hibernation in animals is triggered by the lack of food, temperature drops, and shorter days. In humans, winter doesn’t trigger any physiological changes in our bodies. According to National Geographic, the experiment included a man who successfully went through a form of hibernation with a certain drug, which is used for sedation (镇静状态) in the medical field. His internal temperature dropped, along with his heart rate and blood pressure. His need for food, oxygen, and metabolism reduced by 20%. This man was not sleeping though, he could still stand up to go to the bathroom, or when he was hungry, ring a bell to ask for food. The experiment showed that he was in a groggy state, although he would be able to react in emergency situations. This is a major advancement for the science field, as it unlocks so many new opportunities. However, scientists still have lots of studies to conduct to learn exactly what this means and how to get other people into this state. 1.What can we learn about hibernation in paragraph 1? A. It means complete inactivity. B. It is unique to large animals. C. It is a natural human ability. D. It slows bodily functions. 2.What is the primary goal of the study carried out by Clifton Callaway? A. To understand hibernation across species. B. To enable travel to Mars or beyond. C. To improve critical care medicine. D. To test human endurance limits. 3.How did the man in the study differ from a hibernating animal? A. His metabolism increased significantly. B. He could do basic tasks and respond. C. He was still and deeply unconscious. D. His temperature stayed unchanged. 4.What is the author’s attitude regarding the future of human hibernation research? A. Doubtful and critical. B. Indifferent and neutral. C. Cautious and concerned. D. Optimistic but realistic. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人类冬眠研究的相关发现、实验情况及其对太空探索的潜在意义。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The main features of hibernation include slowed metabolism (新陈代谢), heart rate, and need for food and water.(冬眠的主要特征包括新陈代谢减缓、心率变慢以及对食物和水的需求减少)”可知，冬眠会使身体各项机能变慢。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study is being conducted by Clifton Callaway and funded by NASA in search of a way to further space exploration. Unlocking human hibernation would be the key to trips like the nine-month long journey to Mars, or even further beyond our solar-system.(这项研究由克利夫顿・卡拉韦主持，美国国家航空航天局资助，旨在寻找进一步推进太空探索的方法。实现人类冬眠将是火星九个月之旅乃至太阳系外更远行程的关键)”可知，该研究的首要目的是实现火星或更远距离的太空旅行。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This man was not sleeping though, he could still stand up to go to the bathroom, or when he was hungry, ring a bell to ask for food. The experiment showed that he was in a groggy state, although he would be able to react in emergency situations.(不过这个人并没有睡着，他仍然可以站起来去洗手间，或者饿的时候按铃要吃的。实验表明，他处于昏昏沉沉的状态，但在紧急情况下能够做出反应)”可知，实验中的人与冬眠动物的区别在于他能完成基本活动并做出反应。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This is a major advancement for the science field, as it unlocks so many new opportunities. However, scientists still have lots of studies to conduct to learn exactly what this means and how to get other people into this state.(这是科学界的一项重大进步，因为它开启了诸多新的可能性。然而，科学家们仍需开展大量研究，以确切弄清楚这一现象的意义以及如何让其他人进入这种状态)”可知，作者既肯定研究的重大意义，又客观指出仍有诸多问题待解决，态度是乐观且现实的。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆渝东九校联考·期中）A spoonful of pickles (泡菜) can sometimes make a meal taste better. Recently, a new kind of pickle, digital pickled vegetables, is being discussed. It refers to the videos people watch while eating that make their food more delicious. The topic received more than 16 million clicks on Sina Weibo and about 100,000 people joined in the discussion. Instead of being accompanied by friends and family during a meal, many young people in China are watching short videos while eating. Many believe that their food is more delicious with the “digital pickles”. Can this habit affect your diet? According to research in 2019, you may eat more! The research team carried out the first test. They asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating patterns on four different days. The patterns included eating while looking at the mobile phone, reading magazines, and without distraction (干扰). After the test, the team discovered that eating with a distraction increased the amount of food that people take in by about 15 percent. To explore the reason, the team conducted another test. They invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to an audio clip (片段) about another person eating, and the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. The results showed that the second group ate less because they paid more attention to their meals. When eating with the “digital pickles”, our attention can be distracted, which leads to eating more than expected. The study suggests that if you’re eating or drinking while your attention is distracted by a highly engaging (投入的) task, you’re less likely to be able to tell how full you feel. 1.According to the passage, what is digital pickle? A. A kind of vegetable grown by farmers. B. A kind of food that is popular online. C. The videos people watch while eating. D. The computer games played by children. 2.How did the team carry out the research? A. By starting the discussion online. B. Through two tests with different people. C. With the help of some Chinese volunteers. D. From people’s changes of weight. 3.What does the research find about eating with “digital pickles”? A. It makes food less tasty. B. It helps people eat less. C. It causes people to eat more. D. It makes people feel full soon. 4.What is the suitable title for the passage? A. Digital Pickles: A New Way to Make Meals Tastier B. Short Videos: Popular Companions During Meals C. How Distracted Eating Changes People’s Diets D. Digital Pickles: Their Popularity and Effects on Eating 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文。文章通过介绍“电子泡菜”现象建议人们如果想减少进食量，最好在吃饭时不听任何东西或看任何东西，以更专注于自己的进食过程。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的“A spoonful of pickles (泡菜) can sometimes make a meal taste better. Recently, a new kind of pickle, digital pickled vegetables, is being discussed. It refers to the videos people watch while eating that make their food more delicious.(一勺泡菜有时可以使一顿饭的味道更好。最近，一种新型泡菜——电子泡菜正在引起人们的热议。它指的是人们在吃饭时观看的视频，这些视频会让他们的食物更美味)”可知，这种新的泡菜，叫做“电子泡菜”，指的是人们在吃饭时观看的视频，这些视频让他们的食物更美味。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段的“According to research in 2019, you may eat more! The research team carried out the first test.(根据2019年的研究，你可能会吃得更多！研究小组进行了第一次测试)”和第四段的“To explore the reason, the team conducted another test.(为了探究原因，研究小组进行了另一项测试)”可知，研究团队通过两个实验得出了结论。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“After the test, the team discovered that eating with a distraction increased the amount of food that people take in by about 15 percent.(测试后，研究小组发现，分心进食会使人们摄入的食物量增加约15%)”和第四段中“When eating with the “digital pickles”, our attention can be distracted, which leads to eating more than expected.(当吃“电子泡菜”时，我们的注意力会被分散，导致吃得比预期的多)”可知，吃“电子泡菜”会导致人们吃得更多。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Recently, a new kind of pickle, digital pickled vegetables, is being discussed.(最近，一种新型泡菜——电子泡菜正在引起人们的热议)”和最后一段中“The study suggests that if you’re eating or drinking while your attention is distracted by a highly engaging task, you’re less likely to be able to tell how full you feel.(研究表明，如果你在进食或饮水时注意力被一个高度投入的任务分散，你就不太可能知道自己有多饱)”可知，文章主要介绍了“电子泡菜”的流行及其对人们饮食的影响。D选项“Digital Pickles: Their Popularity and Effects on Eating.(电子泡菜：它们的流行及对饮食的影响)”概括了文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆渝东九校联考·期中）Learn English in Seven: Use the Power of Seven to Improve Your English is a useful guide for anyone who wants to improve their English skills in a simple and affordable way. Written by Josef Essberger, an experienced English teacher, this book presents a unique method of learning by breaking down the process into seven easy steps. Each step focuses on a different area of language learning, making it suitable for both beginners and advanced learners. The seven key areas covered in the book are words, grammar, listening, speaking, reading, writing, and pronunciation. The author does not just focus on theoretical (理论的) knowledge, but also offers practical advice and real-life examples to help readers apply what they learn. For example, instead of merely memorizing English words, the book shows how to use new words in everyday conversations. This makes learning more enjoyable and useful in daily life. One of the advantages of this book is its clear and organized structure. Each part explores one of the seven areas, and it features easy-to-understand explanations and exercises. These exercises allow readers to practice and remember what they have learned. The book also encourages readers to set achievable goals, which can keep them focused throughout their learning journey. Another important feature of Learn English in Seven is its emphasis (强调) on self-study. Josef provides tips on how to track progress, manage time, and develop a good habit that works for learners. This is perfect for high school students who want to study independently and improve their English outside the classroom. Overall, Learn English in Seven is a valuable resource for students who want to become more confident in their English skills. Whether you are preparing for exams or simply want to communicate more fluently, this book can help you reach your language goals. 1.What is special about Learn English in Seven? A. It puts theoretical knowledge first. B. It offers a step-by-step guide. C. It is written mainly for advanced learner. D. It provides hard-to-understand explanations. 2.What does Josef probably suggest about new words? A. Memorizing lists of words. B. Practicing them in journals. C. Focusing on difficult words. D. Applying them to real life. 3.What is probably Josef’s opinion about self-study? A. It allows learners to manage learning progress. B. It is necessary for highly-gifted learners. C. It pushes students to avoid group discussions. D. It values students’ in-class performance. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To honor a writer. B. To give his learning tips. C. To introduce a book. D. To explain grammar rules. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Learn English in Seven这本书，它通过七步法结合理论知识与实践应用帮助读者提升英语技能。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Written by Josef Essberger, an experienced English teacher, this book presents a unique method of learning by breaking down the process into seven easy steps. Each step focuses on a different area of language learning, making it suitable for both beginners and advanced learners.(这本书的作者是一位经验丰富的英语教师Josef Essberger，书中介绍了一种独特的学习方法，将学习过程分为七个简单的步骤。每个步骤都侧重于语言学习的不同领域，使其适合初学者和高级学习者)”可知，这本书的特别之处在于它为读者提供了学习英语的分步指导。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, instead of merely memorizing English words, the book shows how to use new words in everyday conversations.(例如，这本书展示了如何在日常对话中使用新单词，而不仅仅是记忆英语单词)”可知，在学习新单词方面，Josef建议将其应用到日常生活中。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Another important feature of Learn English in Seven is its emphasis (强调) on self-study. Josef provides tips on how to track progress, manage time, and develop a good habit that works for learners.(Learn English in Seven的另一个重要特点是强调自学。Josef提供了一些关于如何跟踪进度、管理时间和培养一个适合学习者的好习惯的建议)”可推断，Josef认为自学能让学习者有效管理学习进度。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Learn English in Seven: Use the Power of Seven to Improve Your English is a useful guide for anyone who wants to improve their English skills in a simple and affordable way. Written by Josef Essberger, an experienced English teacher, this book presents a unique method of learning by breaking down the process into seven easy steps. Each step focuses on a different area of language learning, making it suitable for both beginners and advanced learners.(《七步学英语：利用“七的力量”提升英语水平》是一本对任何想以简单且经济的方式提升英语技能的人来说都颇具实用性的指南。这本书的作者是一位经验丰富的英语教师Josef Essberger，书中介绍了一种独特的学习方法，将学习过程分为七个简单的步骤。每个步骤都侧重于语言学习的不同领域，使其适合初学者和高级学习者)”可知，本文主要介绍了Learn English in Seven这本书，它通过七步法结合理论知识与实践应用帮助读者提升英语技能，作者写本文是为了介绍一本提升英语水平的书。故选C。 主题语境04 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高一上·重庆彭水第一中学校·期中）Will human beings find intelligent alien (外星的) life anytime soon? Probably not, according to theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking. Hawking made the prediction during the Breakthrough Starshot announcement in New York City on April 12. At the news conference, Hawking, along with Russian billionaire sponsor Yuri Milner and a group of scientists, detailed a new project that aims to send a large number of tiny, wafer-size (薄饼大小的) spaceships into space to the neighboring star system Alpha Centauri (半人马座阿尔法星). If these tiny spaceships travel at 20 percent of the speed of light, they'll be able to reach Alpha Centauri in just 20 years, Milner said. Once there, the spacecraft will be able to do a 1-hour flyby of Alpha Centauri and collect data that's impossible to gather from Earth, such as taking close-up photos of the star system, studying space dust molecules (分子) and measuring magnetic fields (磁场), said Avi Loeb, chairman of the Breakthrough Starshot Advisory Committee and a professor of science at Harvard University. In addition to learning about space technology, the audience wanted to hear about aliens--specifically, when scientists might find them. Hawking took questions from reporters in advance so that he would have time to prepare his answers. Hawking has famously predicted that intelligent aliens might threaten humankind. Indeed, when asked about what Earthlings should do if we came across intelligent alien life, he said, “We should hope that they don' t find us.” Other researchers at the conference offered a more optimistic view of alien life. 1.What are the wafer-size spaceships mainly designed for? A. Looking for aliens. B. Doing a 1-hour flyby. C. Landing on Alpha Centauri. D. Collecting data about Alpha Centauri. 2.Stephen Hawking might agree that________. A. pretty soon human beings will find alien life B. we may find alien life a danger to human beings C. Alpha Centauri is suitable for human immigration (移民) D. scientists should be sent into space to collect data 3.The underlined word “Earthlings” in Paragraph 6 probably means________. A. sponsors B. reporters C. human beings D. scientists 4.The next part of the passage will probably deal with________. A. analysis of the data collected B. other questions from reporters C. possible ways to defend us against aliens D. other scientist’ opinions on alien life 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个将微型宇宙飞船送入太空的计划以及人类是否会遭遇外星人这一问题。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。由文中第三段“Once there, the spacecraft will be able to do a 1-hour flyby of Alpha Centauri and collect data that's impossible to gather from Earth,”（一旦到达那里，飞船将能够对半人马座阿尔法进行1小时的飞行，并收集从地球收集不到的数据）可知，这种圆片大小的宇宙飞船主要是为了收集关于半人马座阿尔法星的数据而设计的。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。由文中倒数第二段“Hawking has famously predicted that intelligent aliens might threaten humankind.”（ 霍金曾经预言外星人可能会威胁人类）可知，霍金可能会同意我们可能会发现外星生命对人类构成威胁这一说法。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。由画线词后的“ he said, “We should hope that they don' t find us.”可知，他说，“我们应该希望他们不要找到我们”，因此此处是说当被问及如果遇到有智慧的外星生命我们该怎么办时，霍金这样回答，由此可知画线词的意思应该是“人类”。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。由文中最后一段“Other researchers at the conference offered a more optimistic view of alien life.”（ 会议上的其他研究人员对外星生命给出了更为乐观的看法）可知，这篇文章的下一部分将可能涉及到其他科学家对外星生命的看法。故选D项。 主题语境05 人与自然-灾害防范 （25-26高一上·重庆第一中学校·期中）Weather experts say extreme cold in many parts of the United States this winter has been driven by a polar vortex (涡旋). But what is this weather system and how does it work? The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) defines a polar vortex as a set of powerful westerly winds — not a single storm, but a steady atmospheric pattern, which usually takes shape each year in the Arctic stratosphere, a layer 16 to 48 kilometers above the surface of the northernmost point on Earth, and remains active mainly during the cold winter period. At times, the polar vortex weakens, making cold air masses escape and move south, while pushing warmer air north. This winter, several such events have hit the U.S. and Europe, as Arctic weather forces combined to drive cold air southward. Windchill readings — temperature readings that take into consideration the effects of wind — fell to minus 51 degrees Celsius in the U.S. Midwest, colder than actual air temperatures. The U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) warned of possible dangers such as frostbite and hypothermia for unprotected skin, as well as frozen and burst home water pipes due to prolonged cold, adding that most states would face low windchill temperatures, with exceptions including those with milder climates like Hawaii, California and Florida. The midwestern region, covering states such as Kansas, Nebraska and Missouri, was expected to be hit the hardest. NOAA notes the polar vortex surrounds not just the Arctic but both of Earth’s poles, strengthening in winter and weakening in summer. About once a year, it weakens further, shifting off the pole or breaking apart, which pushes surface cold air south. NOAA’s models predict low temperatures for states like Oklahoma, Colorado, Illinois and Iowa, as well as Wyoming, Montana and the Dakotas. Some storms may also bring heavy snow or flooding. 1.Which of the following is NOAA’s feature of the polar vortex according to NOAA’s definition? A. Strong B. Systemic C. Regular D. Destructive 2.Why are windchill readings mentioned in the passage? A. To explain how Arctic weather forces work. B. To stress the seriousness of the extreme cold. C. To compare temperatures in different U.S. states. D. To show the actual air temperature in the Midwest. 3.What can be learned about the U.S. states affected by low windchill? A. Hawaii will face slight windchill due to its location. B. Midwest states are more easily affected by extreme cold. C. California is likely to experience the coldest temperatures. D. Florida’s climate makes it impossible to have low temperatures. 4.What will the author most probably discuss next? A. The history of polar vortex events in Europe. B. Why California and Florida are less affected by cold. C. NOAA’s plans to improve weather prediction models. D. How to protect oneself from the polar vortex’s harmful effect. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍极涡这一气象系统的定义、运行机制，以及它引发美国冬季极端严寒天气的影响和相关预警。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) defines a polar vortex as a set of powerful westerly winds — not a single storm, but a steady atmospheric pattern, which usually takes shape each year in the Arctic stratosphere, a layer 16 to 48 kilometers above the surface of the northernmost point on Earth, and remains active mainly during the cold winter period. (美国国家海洋和大气管理局将极涡定义为一股强劲的西风带——它并非单一风暴，而是一种稳定的大气模式，通常每年在北极平流层形成，该层位于地球最北端表面上方16至48公里处，且主要在寒冷的冬季保持活跃。)”可知，NOAA定义的极涡具有强劲、系统性、规律性的特点，破坏性未被提及。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) warned of possible dangers such as frostbite and hypothermia for unprotected skin, as well as frozen and burst home water pipes due to prolonged cold, adding that most states would face low windchill temperatures, with exceptions including those with milder climates like Hawaii, California and Florida. (风寒温度——一种计入风的影响的气温读数——在美国中西部降至零下51摄氏度，比实际气温更低。美国国家气象局提醒，裸露的皮肤可能会面临冻伤、体温过低等风险，长时间的严寒还会导致家用水管冻结破裂，并补充称，除夏威夷、加利福尼亚和佛罗里达等气候较为温和的州外，大部分州都将遭遇低温风寒天气。)”可知，文中提及风寒指数是为了强调极端严寒的严重性。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The midwestern region, covering states such as Kansas, Nebraska and Missouri, was expected to be hit the hardest. (包括堪萨斯州、内布拉斯加州和密苏里州在内的中西部地区预计受影响最为严重。)”可知，美国中西部各州更容易受到极端寒冷天气的影响。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) warned of possible dangers such as frostbite and hypothermia for unprotected skin, as well as frozen and burst home water pipes due to prolonged cold, adding that most states would face low windchill temperatures, with exceptions including those with milder climates like Hawaii, California and Florida. (风寒温度——一种计入风的影响的气温读数——在美国中西部降至零下51摄氏度，比实际气温更低。美国国家气象局提醒，裸露的皮肤可能会面临冻伤、体温过低等风险，长时间的严寒还会导致家用水管冻结破裂，并补充称，除夏威夷、加利福尼亚和佛罗里达等气候较为温和的州外，大部分州都将遭遇低温风寒天气。)”以及第六段中的“NOAA’s models predict low temperatures for states like Oklahoma, Colorado, Illinois and Iowa, as well as Wyoming, Montana and the Dakotas. Some storms may also bring heavy snow or flooding. (美国国家海洋和大气管理局的模型预测，俄克拉荷马州、科罗拉多州、伊利诺伊州、爱荷华州以及怀俄明州、蒙大拿州和达科他州将出现低温天气。部分风暴还可能带来强降雪或洪水灾害。)”可知，文章前文重点阐述了极涡带来的低温、严寒及各类灾害风险，按照行文逻辑，接下来最有可能讨论的是如何应对这些风险、保护自身安全的相关内容。故选D项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·重庆第十一中学校·期中）When you’re bored, what do you do? The answer is a no-brainer: you reach for your phone. Five minutes of short videos can seem like the perfect break. But a new study has bad news. Reaching for your phone is likely to leave you feeling more bored. To figure out the relationship between phones and boredom, the research team set up an app on the phones of 83 volunteers to keep an eye on how often they used their devices. They also asked these volunteers to keep diaries at work, recording their level of tiredness and boredom. The researchers’ first discovery was no shocker. We’re on our phones a lot — In the 20 minutes following each questionnaire (问卷调查), volunteers picked up their phone 52 percent of the time, spending around 90 seconds on it each time. The second finding was also unsurprising: the more tired we are, the more likely we are to reach for our phones. However, the final finding was the real kicker. Although we look to our phones to reduce our tiredness and boredom, screen time actually seemed to increase feelings of boredom. The research team thought about the different reasons why this might be so. Changing from work to your phone and back again may end up being more tiring in mind than stimulating (提神的). For example, a “baby goat video” on phone was nice, but it was not worth the energy and focus of your brain. Besides, picking up your phone might just serve as a reminder of all the fun and interesting things out there you could be doing if you didn’t have to fill out paperwork. The study can’t say for sure if these explanations (解读) are right, but one thing is clear: A quick look at your phone is going to make your brain feel even more tired. If so, what to do instead? 1.Why did the research team set up an app on the volunteers’ phones? A. To track their phone use. B. To ensure their rest time. C. To remove their boredom. D. To record their tiredness. 2.What do the underlined words “the real kicker” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. The most common. B. The most advanced. C. The most unexpected. D. The most important. 3.“A baby goat video” is mentioned in paragraph 4 to show ________. A. Phones can be inspiring. B. Phones can be tiring. C. phones can work as a reminder. D. Phones can improve our paperwork. 4.What might the author continue talking about? A. How to take a better break. B. Why screen time is harmful. C. Recommended online activities. D. Studies on phone addiction. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究表明，在无聊时看手机会让你感到更无聊。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To figure out the relationship between phones and boredom, the research team set up an app on the phones of 83 volunteers to keep an eye on how often they used their devices.(为了弄清楚手机和无聊之间的关系，研究团队在83名志愿者的手机上安装了一个应用程序，以跟踪他们使用设备的频率)”可知，研究小组在志愿者的手机上安装了一个应用程序是为了跟踪他们的电话使用情况，故选A。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线短语上文“The researchers’ first discovery was no shocker.(研究人员的第一个发现并不令人惊讶)”和“The second finding was also unsurprising(第二个发现也不足为奇)”以及划线句所在句中“However”可知，(研究人员的第一个发现并不令人惊讶，我们经常使用手机。同样不足为奇的是第二个发现：我们越累，我们就越有可能伸手去拿手机。)”可知，前两个发现不足为奇，However表示转折意义，由此可知，最后一个发现出乎意料。由此可知划线短语意为“最出乎意料的”，故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Changing from work to your phone and back again may end up being more tiring in mind than stimulating (提神的). For example, a “baby goat video” on phone was nice, but it was not worth the energy and focus of your brain.(从工作切换到手机，然后再切换回来，最终可能会让你的大脑感到更累，而不是更兴奋。例如，手机上的“小山羊视频”很好，但它不值得你的大脑投入精力和注意力)”可推知，第四段提到小羊视频是为了展示玩手机会让人更累，故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study can’t say for sure if these explanations (解读) are right, but one thing is clear: A quick look at your phone is going to make your brain feel even more tired. If so, what to do instead?(这项研究并不能确定这些解读是否正确，但有一件事是明确的：快速浏览手机会让你的大脑感到更加疲劳。如果是这样，该怎么做呢？)”可知，文章接下来会讲我们应该怎么办，也就是该如何更好地休息，故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·重庆南开中学校·期中）Learning to play an instrument seems to improve reading skills in young children by enhancing their ability to recognize and use the sounds that make up words. Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. To find out more, Maria Garcia-de-Soria at the University of Aberdeen, UK, and her colleagues studied 57 children, aged 5 to 9, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practising for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. They found that children who were learning an instrument outperformed the others on tests of phonological (语音的) awareness. This is the ability to recognize and use the sounds that form words. They also showed better reading skills. The team controlled for factors that can influence literacy — the ability to read and write, such as socioeconomic status and general cognitive ability. In the study, the researchers used EEG — electroencephalography (脑电图). To record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was connected with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this brain activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. “Adults tend to use both sides of the brain to process music and speech, and sometimes more on the right hemisphere. The musically trained children seem to have a more adult-like tracking of speech,” says Garcia-de-Soria. “The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is in agreement with the broader literature (文献),” says Alice Mado Proverbio at the University of Milano-Bicocca in Italy. However, music training can also lead to changes in the right hemisphere of the brain, promoting faster reading, she says. 1.What can we learn about the children in the study? A. Most were under 6 years old. B. Few girls could play an instrument. C. Around half received music training. D. More boys participated in the study. 2.What does the underlined word “outperformed” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Did worse than. B. Did better than. C. Was equal to. D. Had nothing to do with. 3.What can we infer about the musically trained children? A. They processed speech less effectively than adults. B. They had a speech-processing mode similar to adults. C. They performed worse in reading than non-musical children. D. They showed higher brain activity than non-musical children. 4.What does Proverbio say about music training? A. It has no significant impact on both sides of the brain. B. It influences both hemispheres to improve reading skills. C. It only affects the left hemisphere’s language processing. D. It mainly changes the right hemisphere to enhance reading. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，这篇文章探讨了学习乐器如何通过增强儿童识别和使用构成单词的声音的能力来提升他们的阅读技能。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practising for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities.(大约一半的人学习乐器至少一个月，每周至少练习半小时，而其余的人则参加非音乐类的课外活动)”可知，研究中的孩子有一半接受了音乐方面的训练，故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“This is the ability to recognize and use the sounds that form words. They also showed better reading skills.(这是一种识别和使用构成单词的声音的能力。他们也表现出更好的阅读能力)”中的“also”可知，他们在语音意识测试中应是表现出色，故outperformed指“超过，胜过”，故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this brain activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language.(然而，音乐组表现出更高的阅读分数，即使大脑活动水平较低，这可能意味着他们的语言处理更像成年人)”和第四段中“Adults tend to use both sides of the brain to process music and speech, and sometimes more on the right hemisphere. The musically trained children seem to have a more adult-like tracking of speech(成年人倾向于使用左右脑来处理音乐和语言，有时更多地使用右脑。受过音乐训练的孩子似乎更像成年人)”可知，接受音乐训练的孩子的语音处理模式与成年人相似，故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段““The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is in agreement with the broader literature (文献),” says Alice Mado Proverbio at the University of Milano-Bicocca in Italy. However, music training can also lead to changes in the right hemisphere of the brain, promoting faster reading, she says.(意大利米兰-比可卡大学的Alice Mado Proverbio说：“音乐训练可以改善语言左半球的语音编码过程，这一发现与更广泛的文献一致。”然而，她说，音乐训练也可以导致大脑右半球的变化，促进更快的阅读。)”可知，音乐训练会影响左右脑来提高阅读能力，故选B。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆南开中学校·期中）Microbes (微生物) obtained from Siberian permafrost (永久冻土) appear to have stayed alive for more than 100,000 years, based on an analysis of their DNA. Their genes could give insights into how common such long lifespans are, and how they have come to evolve. Karen Lloyd at the University of Southern California and her colleagues wanted to find microbes in places that hadn’t changed for very long periods of time, believing anything still living there must be as old as the surrounding environment. That search took them to the Chukchi Peninsula — the easternmost edge of Siberia, where they drilled a 22-metre-long core of permafrost. They sampled DNA from a layer of marine sediment (沉淀物) that froze sometime between 100,000 and 120,000 years ago. The sediment contained liquid water where microbes. might have been trapped, with no nutrients or organisms able to move in or out. To distinguish between living and dead cells, the researchers sequenced millions of DNA parts from the permafrost, using them to reconstruct the genomes (基因组) of all the microbial species present. They then added an enzyme (酶) to the mix that would repair damaged DNA and repeated the reconstruction process. Most of the reconstructed genomes were much more complete after the researchers added the DNA repair enzyme, suggesting they came from dead cells that hadn’t been actively maintaining their DNA’s completeness, says Lloyd. However, genomes from six species barely changed, implying the DNA came from living cells that had actively maintained their genomes since being frozen at least 100,000 years earlier. Steven D’Hondt at the University of Rhode Island says the research is a “real advance” towards understanding extremely long lifespans — both how widespread they might be and the evolutionary basis for them. However, he cautions against applying the findings to other settings. “Being frozen for a long time with no activity is not the same thing as living for a long time with a very low level of activity.” 1.Why did the researchers choose the Chukchi Peninsula for their study? A. It has the oldest permafrost in the world. B. It is easily accessible for scientific expeditions. C. The environment there has remained stable for long. D. It is the only place with ancient marine sediments. 2.The researchers added an enzyme to ________. A. increase the amount of DNA B. preserve DNA for future studies C. speed up the sequencing process D. tell which DNA came from living cells 3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. How the enzyme functioned in the experiment. B. How researchers identified living and dead cells. C. Why genome reconstruction is crucial for the research. D. Why ancient microbes can survive for such a long time. 4.What does Steven D’Hondt think of the research findings? A. They can be widely used in other fields. B. They show being frozen equals low-activity survival. C. They prove that microbes remain active while frozen. D. They represent a major development in lifespan research. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员在西伯利亚永久冻土中发现存活了超过10万年的微生物，并对其DNA进行分析，以探究其长寿机制及进化基础。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Karen Lloyd at the University of Southern California and her colleagues wanted to find microbes in places that hadn’t changed for very long periods of time, believing anything still living there must be as old as the surrounding environment. That search took them to the Chukchi Peninsula — the easternmost edge of Siberia, where they drilled a 22-metre-long core of permafrost. (南加州大学的Karen Lloyd和她的同事们想在长时间没有变化的地方寻找微生物，他们相信任何仍然生活在那里的东西一定和周围的环境一样古老。这一搜索将他们带到了楚科奇半岛——西伯利亚的最东端，在那里他们钻取了一个22米长的永久冻土岩芯。)”可知，研究人员选择楚科奇半岛进行研究是因为那里的环境长时间保持稳定。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“To distinguish between living and dead cells, the researchers sequenced millions of DNA parts from the permafrost, using them to reconstruct the genomes (基因组）of all the microbial species present. They then added an enzyme (酶) to the mix that would repair damaged DNA and repeated the reconstruction process. Most of the reconstructed genomes were much more complete after the researchers added the DNA repair enzyme, suggesting they came from dead cells that hadn’t been actively maintaining their DNA’s completeness, says Lloyd. However, genomes from six species barely changed, implying the DNA came from living cells that had actively maintained their genomes since being frozen at least 100,000 years earlier. (为了区分活细胞和死细胞，研究人员对来自永久冻土的数百万个DNA片段进行了测序，并用它们重建了所有现存微生物物种的基因组。然后，他们在混合物中加入了一种酶，这种酶可以修复受损的DNA，并重复重建过程。Lloyd说，在研究人员添加了DNA修复酶后，大多数重建的基因组要完整得多，这表明它们来自没有积极维持DNA完整性的死细胞。然而，来自六个物种的基因组几乎没有变化，这意味着这些DNA来自活细胞，这些细胞自至少10万年前被冻结以来一直在积极维持其基因组。)”可知，研究人员添加酶是为了区分哪些DNA来自活细胞。故选D。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“To distinguish between living and dead cells, the researchers sequenced millions of DNA parts from the permafrost, using them to reconstruct the genomes (基因组）of all the microbial species present. They then added an enzyme (酶) to the mix that would repair damaged DNA and repeated the reconstruction process. Most of the reconstructed genomes were much more complete after the researchers added the DNA repair enzyme, suggesting they came from dead cells that hadn’t been actively maintaining their DNA’s completeness, says Lloyd. However, genomes from six species barely changed, implying the DNA came from living cells that had actively maintained their genomes since being frozen at least 100,000 years earlier.(为了区分活细胞和死细胞，研究人员对来自永久冻土的数百万个DNA片段进行了测序，并用它们重建了所有现存微生物物种的基因组。然后，他们在混合物中加入了一种酶，这种酶可以修复受损的DNA，并重复重建过程。Lloyd说，在研究人员添加了DNA修复酶后，大多数重建的基因组要完整得多，这表明它们来自没有积极维持DNA完整性的死细胞。然而，来自六个物种的基因组几乎没有变化，这意味着这些DNA来自活细胞，这些细胞自至少10万年前被冻结以来一直在积极维持其基因组。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了研究人员如何通过基因组重建和酶修复技术来区分活细胞和死细胞。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Steven D’Hondt at the University of Rhode Island says the research is a “real advance” towards understanding extremely long lifespans — both how widespread they might be and the evolutionary basis for them. (罗德岛大学的Steven D’Hondt表示，这项研究是“真正的进步”，有助于理解极长的寿命——它们可能有多普遍，以及它们的进化基础是什么。)”可知，Steven D’Hondt认为这项研究在寿命研究方面取得了重大进展。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆实验外国语学校·期中）Wildfires are becoming more serious around the world as the climate warms. This is mainly caused by increasing heat, drought, and strong winds, which make trees burn more easily. However, Rebecca Koll, a researcher at the University of Exeter, doubts there’s another reason. She believes climate change is actually changing the plants themselves. Koll suggests that stress from increased ultraviolet radiation (紫外线辐射，UV) makes trees produce more airborne (空气传播的) chemicals, called volatiles (挥发物), in their leaves. Studies have shown that high levels of these volatiles can increase the chance of pine trees catching fire. To test her idea, Koll ran a strictly-designed experiment. She put 87 different pine tree species under higher levels of UV radiation in special climate-controlled rooms. These trees were kept in ideal conditions with perfect temperature and enough water, but they received up to three times the UV exposure found in today’s climate. Koll vividly described the process: “They’re having the best life. Except we’re just absolutely zapping them with radiation.” After several weeks, the trees were analyzed to check the changes in their leaf chemistry and then burned to see how easily they catch fire. Koll expects to find changes in the plants’ leaf chemistry and believes these changes will make the trees easier to burn. This research could help explain why wildfires are getting worse. “It’s not just drought,” Koll says, “we are changing plants through climate effects.” Discovering this answer could valuably improve our understanding of wildfire risks in pine forests, which are common in the northern half of the earth. This project is one of the first conducted at the University of Exeter’s new Global Meteorological Simulator, a facility designed to study how plants cope with rapid climate change. Matthew Robson, another expert, finds this research particularly exciting because the importance of leaf chemistry in how easily trees can catch fire has not yet been well-studied. 1.What is Koll’s idea about wild fire causes A. There are only three reasons for the increasing wildfires. B. Increased UV radiation may make trees more likely to burn. C. Chemicals in trees’ leaves don’t affect their burning chance. D. Drought and strong winds cause changes in outdoor plants. 2.What does the underlined word “zapping” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Protecting. B. Watering. C. Cutting. D. Exposing. 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Expected findings and research value. B. Experiment process and challenges. C. Conclusions about wildfire causes. D. Discoveries of wildfire risks in forests. 4.Why is Matthew Robson excited by Koll’s research? A. It centers around pine trees. B. It applies a new research method. C. It addresses wildfire problems. D. It advances an understudied area. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究者Rebecca Koll关于野火加剧原因的新观点，以及为验证该观点所做的实验和研究价值。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Koll suggests that stress from increased ultraviolet radiation (紫外线辐射，UV) makes trees produce more airborne (空气传播的) chemicals, called volatiles (挥发物), in their leaves. Studies have shown that high levels of these volatiles can increase the chance of pine trees catching fire.(Koll认为，紫外线辐射（UV）增强带来的压力会使树木在叶片中产生更多空气传播的化学物质，称为挥发物。研究表明，高水平的这些挥发物会增加松树着火的几率。)”可知，Koll认为紫外线辐射增强可能会使树木更容易燃烧。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“These trees were kept in ideal conditions with perfect temperature and enough water, but they received up to three times the UV exposure found in today’s climate. Koll vividly described the process: “They’re having the best life. Except we’re just absolutely zapping them with radiation.”(这些树木被置于理想环境中，温度适宜且水分充足，但它们受到的紫外线辐射量高达当今气候下的三倍。Koll生动地描述了这个过程：“它们过着极为舒适的生活。除了我们一直在用辐射持续zapping它们之外。”)”可知，它们受到的紫外线辐射量高达当今气候下的三倍，所以不被照射，树木会过着极为舒适的生活。“zapping”意为“照射”，与“Exposing”（暴露、照射）同义。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Koll expects to find changes in the plants’ leaf chemistry and believes these changes will make the trees easier to burn. This research could help explain why wildfires are getting worse... Discovering this answer could valuably improve our understanding of wildfire risks in pine forests (Koll期望发现植物叶片化学物质的变化，并认为这些变化会使树木更容易燃烧。这项研究可能有助于解释为什么野火越来越严重……找到这个答案将极大地增进我们对松林火灾风险的理解)”可知，该段主要讲述了实验的预期发现以及研究的价值。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Matthew Robson, another expert, finds this research particularly exciting because the importance of leaf chemistry in how easily trees can catch fire has not yet been well-studied. (另一位专家Matthew Robson认为这项研究特别令人兴奋，因为叶片化学物质对树木易燃性的重要性尚未得到充分研究。)”可知，Matthew Robson对这项研究感到兴奋是因为它推进了一个研究不足的领域。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·重庆第八中学校·期中）Lately I have started to go jogging in Yoyogi Park. One of the first things that caught my attention when I started was that everybody runs in a counterclockwise (逆时针方向的) direction in the city where there are no rules that say in which direction to run. Maybe they do it because they try to follow track & field athletics and almost any other kind of race where the running direction is always counterclockwise, or maybe is there any other reason? I have been asking many people and “researching” online. The best answers I found are from the research of a construction professor at Waseda University in Tokyo. Professor Watanabe Hitoshi devoted many years of his life to research about which is the best way to design stairs and emergency exits. He reached a point in his research where he had to decide if it was better to design stairs that you have to go down clockwise or counterclockwise. Experiments had been carried out some time before, and it was known that there is a tendency (趋势) to turn counterclockwise. But Mr. Watanabe wanted to look into more so he further researched on it: ·Most human beings are right-handed. ·Most of the left-handed people are right-footed, while most of the right-handed people are also right-footed. ·Most human beings have a slightly longer right leg than their left leg. These three factors make our right leg become dominant over the left leg, which causes a tendency to turn to the left, and to be able to run faster in a counterclockwise direction. Mr. Watanabe carried out a lot of experiments and observations to reach some conclusions. For example, he found out through an experiment that when people are being chased and trying to escape, they turn to the left unconsciously 70% of the time. 1.What caught the author’s attention when he first started jogging in Yoyogi Park? A. The direction of running in the park. B. The specific running rules in the park. C. His interest in the physics of running. D. His curiosity about track & field athletics. 2.What was the purpose of Watanabe’s further research? A. To study emergency exits. B. To design better running tracks. C. To prove earlier experiments wrong. D. To find out the reasons behind the tendency. 3.What does the underlined word “dominant” mean in the passage? A. Opposite. B. Equal. C. Stronger. D. Weaker. 4.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Right Way to Design Stairs. B. Research on Yoyogi Park Jogging. C. The Science Behind Running Direction. D. The Benefits of Running Counterclockwise. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者在代代木公园跑步时注意到人们逆时针方向跑，进而探讨其背后的科学原因。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“One of the first things that caught my attention when I started was that everybody runs in a counterclockwise (逆时针方向的) direction in the city where there are no rules that say in which direction to run.(当我刚开始跑步时，最先引起我注意的一件事是，在没有规定跑步方向的城市里，每个人都逆时针方向跑步)”可知，当作者刚开始在代代木公园跑步时，引起他注意的是公园里人们跑步的方向。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Experiments had been carried out some time before, and it was known that there is a tendency (趋势) to turn counterclockwise. But Mr. Watanabe wanted to look into more so he further researched on it(此前已经进行过一些实验，人们知道存在逆时针转弯的趋势。但是渡边先生想进一步研究，所以他对此进行了更深入的研究)”以及后文提到的三个因素可知，渡边进一步研究的目的是找出人们倾向于逆时针方向跑步背后的原因。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“These three factors make our right leg become dominant over the left leg, which causes a tendency to turn to the left, and to be able to run faster in a counterclockwise direction.(这三个因素使我们的右腿比左腿dominant，这导致了一种向左转弯的趋势，并且能够逆时针方向跑得更快)”以及常识可知，因为右腿比左腿更强壮，所以才会导致向左转弯的趋势，故推测dominant表示“更强壮的”，与stronger意思相近。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“One of the first things that caught my attention when I started was that everybody runs in a counterclockwise (逆时针方向的) direction in the city where there are no rules that say in which direction to run.(当我刚开始跑步时，最先引起我注意的一件事是，在没有规定跑步方向的城市里，每个人都逆时针方向跑步)”以及后文对人们倾向于逆时针方向跑步的原因的探讨可知，本文主要介绍了人们倾向于逆时针方向跑步背后的科学原因。故C选项“跑步方向背后的科学”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. B　4. C　5. C Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. C　4. C Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. A　4. D 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. B　4. D 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. B 主题语境06 人与自然-灾害防范 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. A 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. D　4. C 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. A Passage 2 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. B　4. C 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. D Passage 2 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. C Passage 3 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. B　4. D 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. C　4. D Passage 2 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C 主题语境04 人与自然-宇宙探索 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. D 主题语境05 人与自然-灾害防范 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. B　4. D 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. A 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. B　4. B 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. D Passage 2 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. D Passage 3 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆九校联盟·期中）Sometimes, when you say “hello,” try to make small talk, or order food, a young person might give you a blank look. This expression, often with little emotion, is now called the “Gen Z stare.” Many people wonder why some Gen Z members seem to have such empty eyes during conversations, creating awkward silences. As people discuss the Gen Z stare, they also talk about other generations’ typical silent moments. Some Gen Zers explain that they might glare when listening to a difficult customer at work or when thinking about how to respond. However, others believe this “resting retail face” is not just for Gen Z but common among all young service workers. What makes a stare a Gen Z stare? It is a blank look when a response is clearly expected. Brenda Alarcon, a 20-year-old student and part-time waitress, says she has seen many of these stares. She tries to be extra friendly to make up for her coworkers. “I would never give the Gen Z stare,” she says. “I’m the type to ask stupid questions by mistake, even if I’m tired or the menu is right in front of me.” Sometimes, she also receives the stare when ordering food from young workers. “It makes me feel so uncomfortable that I just leave,” she adds. Jarrod Benson, a 33-year-old content creator, thinks that Gen Z’s constant use of social media and the isolation from the pandemic have created a “perfect storm”, making this generation less comfortable in social situations. He once had a waiter who stayed completely silent while taking orders, just looking at each person. “He said, ‘It’s like they’re always watching a video and don’t feel the need to respond. Small talk can be hard, but we do it because it’s socially expected. They won’t.’” Benson also mentions the “millennial pause”-waiting a second or two before speaking in a video-and the “boomer stare,” a similar expression from older people. In the end, these generational habits are often discussed in a light-hearted way. As each generation grows older, they develop more habits that others find funny or awkward. Still, Benson jokes, “The generation born after 2010 is going to be terrible.” 1.What is the “Gen Z stare” mainly described as? A. A happy and excited look. B. A blank and emotionless expression. C. A angry face shown to friends. D. A funny reaction to jokes. 2.Why do some Gen Zers give the stare, according to the text? A. They are always very tired. B. They are thinking or dealing with a difficult situation. C. They do not like food. D. They are watching videos. 3.How does Brenda Alarcon act at her job? A. She gives the Gen Z stare often. B. She tries to be very nice and kind. C. She avoids talking to customers. D. She asks her coworkers to respond. 4.What does Jarrod Benson think caused the Gen Z stare? A. Difficulties at work. B. Working in restaurants. C. Social media and pandemic isolation. D. Editing videos. 5.What is the writer’s overall tone about generational habits? A. Very serious and worried. B. Angry and critical. C. Light-hearted and humorous. D. Sad and disappointed. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆南开中学校·期中）Get Ready for Music Festivals Winter Star Music Fest 2025 ■Aspen, Colorado ■12/18/2025 - 12/21/2025 ■Zach Bryan, Kacey Musgraves, Cody Johnson, Miranda Lambert, Charley Crockett, Sierra Ferrell, Paul Cauthen, Brittney Spencer ■25 for youth (under 18) New Year’s Eve Country Bash 2026 ■Nashville, Tennessee ■12/29/2025 — 1/1/2026 ■Morgan Wallen, Lainey Wilson, Luke Combs, Hardy, Carly Pearce, Parker McCollum, Ashley McBryde, Randall King ■35 for early birds Lone Star Frost Fest 2026 ■Austin, Texas ■1/15/2026 - 1/18/2026 ■Midland, Turnpike Troubadours, Flatland Cavalry, William Beckmann, Read Southall Band, Giovannie and the Hired Guns ■30 for early birds Northern Lights Sound Festival 2026 ■Edmonton, Alberta ■2/5/2026 - 2/8/2026 ■Tenille Townes, Dean Brody, The Reklaws, Jess Moskaluke, Aaron Goodvin, Tyler Joe Miller, Lindsay Ell, Brett Kissel ■$40 for all Winter country music festivals are becoming the new trend. Be prepared for a chilly yet thrilling experience. In order to fully enjoy a winter music festival, you must be ready. Need to Know: ·Book your accommodations in advance. Winter festivals often mean high demand for nearby lodges and cabins. ·Dress in layers. Warm wear, waterproof boots, and a good hat are essential. ·Hand warmers and a thermos with a hot drink can be a lifesaver during long outdoor sets. ·Check road conditions and tire chains (防滑链) if you’re driving through snowy areas. ·Most festivals forbid glass containers. Bring beverages in cans or plastic. ·Be prepared for sudden weather changes. Waterproof tarps (油布) and extra tent stakes (桩) are must-haves. ·Keep your phone and devices fully charged — cold weather drains batteries faster. 1.How much should a family of parents and two sons (aged 10 and 19) pay for the Winter Star Music Fest 2025? A. $120. B. $140. C. $160. D. $180. 2.Which festival will you go to if you are a fan of Midland? A. Winter Star Music Fest 2025. B. New Year’s Eve Country Bash 2026. C. Lone Star Frost Fest 2026. D. Northern Lights Sound Festival 2026. 3.What tip is provided for attendees of the winter music festivals? A. Avoiding bringing canned beverages. B. Carrying a portable charger if necessary. C. Booking hotels on the day of the festival. D. Wearing lightweight clothing for better movement. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆九校联盟·期中）Four Unique Travel Destinations The Lost City of Machu Picchu, Peru High in the Andes Mountains of Peru, Machu Picchu stands as a remarkable reminder of the Inca Empire. This ancient city, built in the 15th century, was abandoned around the time of the Spanish conquest and remained hidden from the outside world until 1911. Its stunning location on a mountain ridge, surrounded by deep valleys, is as impressive as the stone ruins themselves. Visitors often hike the Inca Trail to reach the site, waking up before dawn to see the sunrise over the terraces and temples. The Great Barrier Reef, Australia The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef system, composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands. It is so vast that it can be seen from space. This underwater world is famous for its incredible biodiversity, filled with thousands of species of fish, corals, and other marine life like turtles and dolphins. Snorkeling and scuba diving here offer unforgettable experiences. However, the reef faces significant threats from climate change, which causes coral bleaching, and from water pollution. Petra, Jordan Petra, the famous archaeological city in Jordan’s desert, is known as the “Rose City” for the color of the stone from which it is carved. This ancient city was the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom and is famous for its sophisticated water conduit system and its breathtaking structures, like the Treasury (Al-Khazneh), which is dramatically revealed as you walk through a narrow, deep canyon called the Siq. Established possibly as early as the 4th century BC, Petra was a major trading hub and was lost to the Western world for centuries. The Northern Lights, Iceland One of nature’s most spectacular shows, the Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights, is best viewed in high-latitude regions like Iceland. This natural light display is caused by collisions between electrically charged particles from the sun that enter the Earth’s atmosphere. The lights appear as shimmering waves of green, pink, and purple dancing across the night sky. Winter months, with their long, dark nights, provide the best viewing opportunities. Tourists often travel into the remote countryside, away from city lights, for the best chance to see this magical phenomenon. 1.How can visitors experience Machu Picchu in a special way according to the text? A. By swimming around the islands. B. By hiking a trail and seeing the sunrise. C. By driving on a mountain road. D. By watching a light show at night. 2.What is the main threat to the Great Barrier Reef mentioned in the passage? A. Too many tourists diving. B. Climate change and pollution. C. The increase in fish populations. D. Earthquakes and tsunamis. 3.What is the best time to see the Northern Lights in Iceland? A. During the summer. B. On a rainy day. C. In the winter months. D. At noon. 4.What is the main topic of this passage? A. The history of ancient civilizations. B. The environmental problems facing landmarks. C. The description of several unique travel destinations. D. The best countries for adventure sports. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆第一中学校·期中）Ashton Simmons, known by his stage name Daniel Caesar, is a Toronto-born R&B singer. On October 24, 2025, he released his fourth studio album (专辑) Son of Spergy — a work that marks a key career turn. Before this, Caesar had already gained recognition with his 2023 album Never Enough, which reached No. 2 on Billboard’s Top R&B albums Chart. However, Son of Spergy went beyond this achievement, marking Caesar’s first No. 1 on any Billboard chart. This success is a testament to his growth as an artist, showing his music’s emotional power. Centered on mending ties with his father and exploring spirituality, the album’s title honors Caesar’s father, Norwill Simmons, a pastor and gospel singer, who goes by the nickname “Spergy”. Caesar once shared that Spergy has long influenced his life, and this album is rooted in their journey toward “reconciliation (和解)” — a theme that shines through in every part of the work. There are 12 tracks in the album that combine soft melodies, heartfelt lyrics, and unique audio layers, which together create the rich and emotional sound of the music. Tracks tell Caesar’s story: “Have A Baby (With Me)” talks of renewal, when he sings: “It’s too late for our dreams. We can make a new dream.” “Baby Blue”, with his father, mixes R&B and gospel, ending with Spergy’s words. He continues singing about choosing the people to be with in the future in “Who Knows”. In “Moon”, Caesar raises questions of the soul, “Who’s gonna be my Jesus?” The album ends with “Sins of Father” (with Bon Iver), a piano-driven track where Caesar forgives his father. The final line — “Turn around. Oh, child of mine” — doubles as a nod to his bond with God and healed relationship with Spergy. For Caesar, music shares vulnerability. Through Son of Spergy, he confirms his place as a top artist and invites listeners to think about family and spirituality. 1.How did the author support the idea that the album Son of Spergy marked a key career turn? A. By analyzing reasons. B. By grouping data. C. By making a comparison. D. By giving definitions. 2.What can we learn about Caesar’s father? A. He first sought reconciliation. B. He is an R&B singer and pastor. C. He has influenced the new album. D. He named the album after his nickname. 3.Which track reflects the album’s spiritual exploration? A. Moon. B. Baby Blue. C. Who Knows. D. Have A Baby (With Me). 4.What is Caesar’s expectation for the album? A. To top the billboard charts. B. To show his father’s musical talent. C. To share his reconciliation with Spergy. D. To inspire reflection on family and spirituality. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·重庆“大一联盟”·期中）Since the birth of AI robots, many people have been hoping these smart machines would “rescue” us from tedious chores, such as folding laundry, washing dishes and weeding the garden. Robots on show at the 2024 World Robot Conference, held in Beijing from Aug 21 to 25, reflected the desire of technology companies to achieve this. “People are excited about smarter and more humanized robots,” said Meng Yuan, brand manager of Hangzhou-based DEEP Robotics. Robots are “smarter” when they require less human control, Meng said. Take the company’s robot dog X30, for example. The robot dog can understand its environment and move around without hitting things. The X30 uses built-in cameras and laser radars (激光雷达) to collect information. It then deals with this information, breaking it down into smaller tasks. After deciding on the skills needed for the task, the robot picks skills from its skill set to do these tasks. Developers at DEEP Robotics explained that the robot’s independent actions come from real-life learning and training—not just from remembering “the rules”. They trained the dog in different situations until it kept making good decisions. The X30 has recently become well-known at Zhejiang University, where it is busy helping students carry their heavy bags across the campus for the start of the school year. Robot dogs like this one are becoming real helpers in our daily lives. Anthlot S1, a human-shaped robot waiter developed by Anthlot, a company based in Shenzhen, showed its humanization during the conference through its amazing “hands”. Many were shocked to see it skillfully do Chinese calligraphy (书法) and play the dizi (笛子). The fast growth of generative AI, such as ChatGPT, seems to be giving humanoid robots a “soul” — making their decision-making abilities better. Ren C. Luo, a professor from Taiwan, said at the conference. With generative AI, robots are hoped to do much more difficult tasks. However, as Luo pointed out. “The percentage of real use of generative AI on robots is currently less than 5 percent. There is still a lot of room for improvement.” 1.What does the underlined word “tedious” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Boring. B. Interesting. C. Easy. D. Important. 2.Why is the robot dog X30 considered “smart” according to Meng Yuan? A. It can remember a lot of rules. B. It requires less human control. C. It has built-in cameras. D. It is famous at Zhejiang University. 3.What can we learn from Ren C. Luo’s words? A. Generative AI has greatly improved robot performance. B. Robots with generative AI can do any difficult task now. C. Generative AI is not widely applied on robots yet. D. Developers will soon solve the problems of AI robots. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. The development history of AI robots. B. The robot show at the 2024 World Robot Conference. C. The role of generative AI in robot development. D. Recent progress and challenges of AI robots. 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·重庆彭水第一中学校·期中）The characteristic (特征) of shyness is to feel frightened and nervous in new social situations or when being the center of attention. Whether shyness is part of your children’s personality or just something they feel when they are in front of a group of strangers, it is a common experience, according to a study. For children at this age, shyness may be a quite common and normal experience when they face a speech task. For a smaller group of shy children, however, being the center of attention may be stressful at different times and environments. A shy temperament isn’t always valued by society like an outgoing personality, but that doesn’t mean there is something wrong. Everyone can feel shy at times depending on the environment. And those who are particularly shy often have happy social lives—they just aren’t likely to be the liveliest people in a crowded room. Although shyness itself may not necessarily be a problem, parents should pay attention to signs of worry, particularly in their shy children. Importantly, however, we know that not all shy children are the same, and that many shy children grow up to be well-balanced adults. To look at shyness, researchers brought 152 children aged 7-8 into a lab and told them they would give a speech, which would be filmed and shown to other children. The study showed that about 10% of the children showed a level of stress over time when giving the speech. About 25% of the children were not reported to be shy in the eyes of their parents, but in fact showed a level of social stress from giving the speech. This finding provides the fact that shyness may be a part of these children’s temperament (性情). 1.What can we learn from paragraph 1? A. Shyness is not an unusual characteristic. B. Shyness is born with personality. C. Shyness will appear when one is in public. D. Shyness means not communicating with others. 2.What is the finding of the study? A. Few kids like to give a speech to others. B. Some kids can get shy while giving speeches. C. Some kids appear less shy with their parents. D. Some kids are stressed when being separated. 3.What does the author advise parents to do when facing shy children? A. Bring them to crowded space. B. Care for them and give them confidence. C. Keep them away from shyness. D. Let them be alone. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. When are people shy? B. Ways of beating shyness C. Why is shyness a bad thing? D. The discoveries about shyness 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·重庆九校联盟·期中）We are what we eat. It’s an old but meaningful expression. A recent study shows that people eating healthy food in proper amounts live longer. But which areas have the best diets? The Lancet Global Health journal published findings. Researchers studied diets in 187 countries from 1990 to 2010. They found that the healthiest diets — Mediterranean, New Nordic, French and Japanese — are quite different but share some things. They are all heavy on local, seasonal foods and limit processed foods. They have many vegetables and seafood but little red meat. Many studies prove the Mediterranean diet is healthy. It includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. There’s also moderate fish and poultry. Red meat, sugary and salty foods are not common in it. The World Health Organization says Japanese people live long. Women there have a life expectancy of 87, and men 80. Researchers believe the Japanese diet is the reason for such long lifespans. The Japanese diet has low-calorie, nutrient-rich foods like seaweed, tofu, miso soup, rice, vegetables and fish. People in Okinawa live even longer. And local food traditions may help explain why. For example, they stop eating when 80% full. Their diet is rich in nutritious vegetables. Though habits are changing, the island is still home to many people over 100 years of age. Researchers think eating fewer calories for long helps. However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. Researchers call this the “French Paradox.” A paradox is something made up of opposites and seems impossible but it is, in fact, possible. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and in products sold in stores are smaller than those in the United States. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals. 1.According to the passage, which of the following is a common feature of the healthiest diets? A. Emphasize local and seasonal foods. B. Rich in processed foods for convenience. C. High in red meat and sugary foods. D. Include large amounts of snacks between meals. 2.Which of the following is NOT true about the Mediterranean diet? A. It includes moderate fish and poultry. B. Red meat and sugary foods are rarely eaten. C. It emphasizes processed foods for daily meals. D. Fruits, vegetables, and olive oil are part of the diet. 3.The underlined word “paradox” in the sentence “Researchers call this the ‘French Paradox.’” most likely means: A. A common and expected situation. B. Something that seems contradictory but is true. C. A problem that cannot be solved. D. A widely accepted scientific fact. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. Japanese people live longer because they eat only vegetables and fish. B. Healthy diets around the world share certain features and contribute to long life. C. The French can eat fatty foods and not gain weight because they eat less. D. Processed foods should be completely avoided to live longer. 主题语境06 人与自然-灾害防范 （25-26高一上·重庆育才中学校·期中）Earthquakes are some of the most powerful and destructive natural events on our planet. Have you ever wondered what causes them? They happen because of the movement of the Earth’s crustal plates — these huge pieces of the Earth’s surface press and push against each other slowly over time. As they rub together, stress builds up in the rocks. When that stress gets too strong for the rock to handle, the rock suddenly breaks. This rupture (断裂) releases a huge amount of energy, which travels through the Earth as seismic waves (地震波). These waves are what make the ground shake violently, and the stronger the rock movement, the more powerful the earthquake — sometimes shaking even faraway areas. While earthquakes rarely kill people directly, their consequences can be disastrous. Most injuries and deaths come from falling objects, collapsing buildings, or fires and dangerous chemical leaks that happen right after. That’s why no matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is so important. For example, when you feel the ground shaking, quickly find a strong piece of furniture — like a chair, sofa, or closet. Lie down next to it, or curl up close by. If the roof falls, it might damage the furniture, but it will usually leave a small safe space next to it for you to survive. After an earthquake, acting fast is key to saving lives and reducing damage. Governments, international organizations, and local communities need to work together to provide emergency help. This includes medical care, food, water, temporary shelter, and search-and-rescue missions to find people trapped under ruins. Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating disasters that affect communities around the world. We can’t stop them from happening, but we can take steps to make their effects less severe — like building stronger buildings, setting up early warning systems, and planning effective response and recovery efforts. By working together, we can save more lives and build communities that are better able to bounce back after these powerful natural events. 1.Why do earthquakes occur according to paragraph 1? A. Because the Earth’s surface is too thin. B. Because seismic waves shake the ground suddenly. C. Because crustal plates move and cause rock rupture. D. Because rocks on the Earth’s surface are not strong enough. 2.What should we do during an earthquake? A. Hide in a closet. B. Stay in the bedroom. C. Curl up under a chair. D. Lie down next to a sofa. 3.What is the key to reducing death and damage after an earthquake? A. Quick response from local governments. B. Timely action and cooperation at home and abroad. C. Effective plans for immediate warning system setup. D. Strict rules for building stronger structures in risk areas. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Earthquake Risks: Danger and Response B. Earthquake Impacts: The Science Behind Them C. Earthquake Causes: The Roots of Destructive Shakes D. Earthquake Survival Tips: Ways for People to Stay Safe 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·重庆合川瑞山中学·期中）A garden has a way of pulling you in. There is a quiet sense of purpose that comes with doing physical tasks outdoors, Washing pots, adjusting staging, or tying string around a stem that needs support matters more than they seem. They are small actions, but they leave a clear result. You don’t need much skill to start. A simple shelf with a few seed trays (盘) or pots is enough. Tools can be basic. Mistakes are expected. You’ll learn through doing, not from guides or books. They are reasons why greenhouses are so often discussed. They make it easier to control your environment and give you the confidence to keep experimenting. Ventilation (通风) lets you manage heat levels. Panels keep pests out. Staging means you can work at a comfortable height without bending. There are many prefabricated greenhouses available on the market, so right after you buy one, you can use it. Some offer automatic venting, wide access doors, and built-in base frames. These features make daily tasks smoother and encourage regular use of the space. Hands-on work is a chance to reset your mind while doing something worthwhile. You don’t need to finish anything-just show up! Gardening doesn’t need to be ambitious. It doesn’t need to be formal, structured or complicated. You can start with one tray, one tomato plant, or a few herbs in pots. What matters is the time you give to it. A greenhouse can extend that habit, support more plants, and give you a quiet place to carry out simple tasks whenever you choose. You won’t use it every day. But it will always be there when you feel like stepping outside. If you have been thinking about creating your corner to potter, it may be worth exploring what is available. There are models designed for meeting different needs. 1.What can we know about having a garden? A. It depends on guides. B. It costs much money. C. It brings many benefits. D. It focuses on much skill. 2.What does the underlined word “prefabricated” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Low-cost. B. Environment-friendly. C. Hand-made. D. Ready-made. 3.What matters most for gardeners according to the author? A. Their knowledge. B. Their experience. C. Their ability. D. Their energy. 4.What use does a greenhouse have? A. To take the place of a regular garden. B. To make people’s creation easier. C. To help people keep gardening habits. D. To meet people’s different needs for life. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆渝北中学·期中）One of the world’s poorest countries has been hit by a deadly 6.0 quake, which took place on 31st August in 2025, completely destroying several villages. Earthquakes are a constant danger in Afghanistan—a country which sits across three geological break lines. The previous magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck in October 2023 and was followed by strong aftershocks. It was Afghanistan’s deadliest natural disaster in recent memory, with the Taliban government estimating (估计) 4,000 were killed, though the UN gave a far lower number of around 1,500. This most recent tectonic (地质的) cracks near the city of Jalalabad-leaving more than 800 people dead—represents the third major quake in the past four years. But the people of this poor nation are vulnerable in a number of ways. The impact of foreign aid cuts. Since the Taliban took control in 2021, the international community has reduced much of the economic support which formed the large part of government spending in Afghanistan. Even humanitarian (人道主义的) aid, which generally goes around government institutions, has reduced greatly—from $3.8bn (052.8bn) in 2022 to $767m (05566.6m) this year. The US government, through its international development arm USAID, provided 45% of all assistance given to Afghanistan last year—but the Trump administration has cut those sums. The UK, along with France, Germany, Sweden, and others have also made deep cuts to humanitarian aid. As a result, hundreds of hospitals and local health clinics in the country have been shut this year and related medical posts have been lost. This crisis comes as the country tries to absorb millions of people who escaped when the Taliban took power. More than two million have come back this year, with Pakistan and Iran taking measures to force their return. On arrival, they discover a country where more than half the population requires immediate humanitarian assistance, according to the UN—with millions suffering from lack of food. Large parts of northern Afghanistan have been stricken with the long-term drought. A disaster worsened in a nation that ranks as one of the poorest—and most hopeless—on Earth. 1.What can we know about earthquakes in Afghanistan? A. They are common disasters in Afghanistan. B. The 2025 earthquake has the largest magnitude in recent years. C. The 2023 earthquake is the deadliest one in history. D. The 2023 earthquake caused about 1,500 people to lose their lives. 2.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” mean in paragraph 2? A. deeply shocked B. easily harmed C. physically weak D. mentally disordered 3.How does the Afghanistan government usually get through natural disasters? A. By leaving them to chance. B. By standing on its own feet. C. By depending on outside help. D. By getting economic support from Taliban. 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Many people’s returns to the homeland will worsen the crisis. B. The government is well-prepared to accommodate the returning millions. C. Many people are forced to return to their homeland to fight against the disaster. D. The natural disasters cause Afghanistan to be one of the poorest countries. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆第一中学校·期中）Born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, Gen Z is often referred to as “digital (数码的) natives”. Therefore, it may come as a surprise that Gen Z is turning away from screens and heading outdoors. From forest bathing to camping trips, more young adults are embracing nature as part of their lives. Digital tiredness is driving change. Gen Z spends more time online than any other generation, with daily screen time averaging 6-9 hours. According to a recent survey by Pew Research Centre, over 60% of Gen Z respondents reported feeling stressed out by the pressures of staying digitally connected. Therefore, nature offers an escape. For Gen Z, being outdoors isn’t just leisure, it’s a form of essential self-care. Surprisingly, the very platforms driving digital tiredness are now fueling nature engagement. Social media is not just part of the problem but it’s also part of the solution. Popular tags such as #Hiking, #IceBathing, #RunningClubs, and #VanLife have received billions of views online. Health and lifestyle influencers share experiences of these activities, transforming the image of nature as desirable and reachable. Although access to nature is still limited by safety concerns, cost, and urban density, Gen Z is adapting as best as they can. From sharing equipment to joining outdoor clubs, they’re finding creative ways to regain access to public spaces. Reconnecting with nature is also driven by environmental values. From ecotourism to zero-waste hiking, Gen Z spends outdoor time with purpose. Gen Z is reshaping global movements, using social media to spread ideas of climate action and redefine sustainable living. This generation is embracing outdoor experiences that are low-cost, low-tech, and deeply fulfilling. Among all these activities, run clubs and social fitness events have taken off in popularity. With a growing number of Gen Z passionate about spending time outdoors, it’s evident that many are turning to nature to restore balance, foster connection, and contribute to a healthier world. 1.What do the numbers in paragraph 2 show? A. Gen Z’s digital overload. B. Gen Z’s preference for screens. C. The necessity of digital connection. D. The phenomenon of online addiction. 2.Which best describes social media’s role for Gen Z? A. Two-sided. B. Up-to-date. C. Problem-causing. D. Space-saving. 3.What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Online platforms support ecotourism. B. Gen Z has strong environmental awareness. C. Embracing outdoor activities is challenging. D. Social fitness events require shared equipment. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. From Online to Outdoors: The Call of the Wild B. Beyond the Screen: The Truth of Outdoor Lives C. Gen Z is replacing Screen Time for Green Time D. Social Media is Leading Gen Z to Outdoor Trips 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆渝北中学·期中）Some specialists doubt often using noise-cancelling headphones against background noise may hurt people’s hearing skills. Renee Almeida, an audiologist (听力师) at a healthcare trust, has seen a rise in adults who visit her clinic with various hearing issues but tests suggest their hearing is fine. The problem is with their brain, not their ears. They may fail to locate where a sound is from, or follow a conversation with full attention. The condition, known as auditory (听觉的) processing disorder (APD), is often found in children, making them struggle to hear in classrooms or focus on a conversation. The rise in adults with similar issues struck Almeida as strange. She doubts that the widespread use of noise-cancelling headphones may cause ear infections (感染) and affect the process children learn to focus on sounds. For adults, it may make their brain lazy processing sounds, just as muscles weaken without exercise. There’s no scientific evidence that noise-cancelling headphones cause APD, but APD affects about 3%-5% of school-aged children. According to Harvey, a professor at the University of Manchester, listening experience affects our ability to separate background noise. Interrupting what is heard can be more problematic for children than adults. If a child has repeated ear infections before age five, they’ll find it hard later to focus on sounds from one direction. Surprisingly, many don’t catch up and need to learn the skill through training on apps such as Sound Storm. Professor Dani at the University of Melbourne says people who use noise-cancelling headphones for long periods may find listening harder when they take them off. But she says the benefits should not be overlooked for managing sensory inputs. “Instead of suggesting abandoning noise-cancelling headphones, we need to stress the need for more comprehensive research studies,” she adds. For now, Professor Dani recommends bone conduction (骨传导) headphones and hearing training. She urges patients to listen to radio debates and to take down the lyrics of rap songs. “There’s great bouncing ability in the brain. Make an effort to listen to what’s being said.” 1.What problem do noise-cancelling headphones bring about to the wearers? A. Affecting their focus of attention. B. Their ears’ failure to locate the sound. C. Resulting in damage to their hearing. D. Causing failure to follow a conversation. 2.What can be learned from Paragraph 3? A. Adults recover from hearing interruption more easily than children. B. Most children with early ear infections will develop normal hearing. C. The ability to separate background noise can not be affected by experience. D. Early childhood ear infections can cause later auditory processing problems. 3.Why does Professor Dani suggest listening to radio debates? A. It’s for improving bouncing ability in the ears. B. It’s effective for children under the age of five. C. It helps train the brain to better process and focus. D. It’s helpful for people to abandon noise-canceling headphones. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. APD Can Be Cured with Proper Exercise. B. Specialists Call Attention to APD Disease. C. Headphones Are Beneficial to Most Adults. D. Noise-Cancelling Headphones May Cause a Condition. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆第一中学校·期中）Carl Behnke, a food safety expert at Purdue University, had long been curious about the actual cleanliness of his reusable water bottle. He put paper towels into the bottle and, upon pulling them out, was shocked to see how dirty they turned out to be. This inspired him to design a study. Behnke and colleagues stopped passers-by along a road at Purdue and asked if they would be happy to lend their water bottles to them as part of their research — to see how clean they were. “One thing that stood out from the project was the number of people who didn’t want to know the results,” recalls Behnke. “Basically, they knew that their cleaning habits were poor to non-existent — something the data later suggested, with some even rarely thinking about cleaning their bottles.” Research shows that reusable water bottles can carry millions of bacteria. A study found that water in bottles used by adults went from about 75,000 bacteria (细菌) per milliliter in the morning to over 1-2 million by the end of the day. Contamination often comes from the drinker’s hands, mouth, and the outside of the bottle. Those who don’t wash their hands regularly may introduce harmful germs like E. coli into their bottles. While most bacteria are harmless, they can put some people at risk, especially those with poor health. Besides, drinks that contain sugar can feed bacteria, promoting growth and making the situation worse. Although serious illnesses from reusable bottles are rare, it’s still important to maintain good hygiene (卫生). To reduce bacterial growth, it’s recommended to clean your water bottle regularly. Behnke’s research indicated that participants who used brushes or dishwashers had the lowest bacteria counts. Cleaning should involve hot water and soap, letting the bottle sit for about ten minutes before washing thoroughly. It’s essential to let the bottle air-dry to prevent wetness buildup, which encourages bacteria. And proper handwashing before touching your clean bottle can also help reduce contamination. 1.What can be inferred about the people in the study according to paragraph 2? A. They actively helped with the study. B. They thought the study was necessary. C. They were confident about the study results. D. They were clear they didn’t take good care of their bottles. 2.What does the underlined word “Contamination” in paragraph 3 mean? A. dirt. B. Pollution. C. Damage. D. Sickness. 3.What’s a recommended way to reduce bacteria growth? A. Wiping with clean dry towels. B. Washing hands regularly with soap. C. Using brushes with hot soapy water. D. Washing for about ten minutes each time. 4.What can be the best title of the text? A. Are You Using the Right Water Bottle? B. Does Your Water Bottle Make You Sick? C. Are You Cleaning Your Water Bottle Enough? D. Should You Stop Using Reusable Water Bottle? Passage 3 （25-26高一上·重庆巴蜀中学教育集团·期中）Hibernation (冬眠) is a way for many creatures to survive cold, dark winters without migrating to somewhere warmer. The main features of hibernation include slowed metabolism (新陈代谢), heart rate, and need for food and water. Hibernation is a commonality between animals like bears and groundhogs. It’s been known that humans aren’t a species that hibernate — at least, not until now. Scientists have unlocked a form of hibernation for humans, although it’s not a winter-long sleep, but more of a sleepy state where your bodily functions are slowed. A study has been going on for years to learn if the human body can go through the state of hibernation. The study is being conducted by Clifton Callaway and funded by NASA in search of a way to further space exploration. Unlocking human hibernation would be the key to trips like the nine-month long journey to Mars, or even further beyond our solar system. Hibernation in animals is triggered by the lack of food, temperature drops, and shorter days. In humans, winter doesn’t trigger any physiological changes in our bodies. According to National Geographic, the experiment included a man who successfully went through a form of hibernation with a certain drug, which is used for sedation (镇静状态) in the medical field. His internal temperature dropped, along with his heart rate and blood pressure. His need for food, oxygen, and metabolism reduced by 20%. This man was not sleeping though, he could still stand up to go to the bathroom, or when he was hungry, ring a bell to ask for food. The experiment showed that he was in a groggy state, although he would be able to react in emergency situations. This is a major advancement for the science field, as it unlocks so many new opportunities. However, scientists still have lots of studies to conduct to learn exactly what this means and how to get other people into this state. 1.What can we learn about hibernation in paragraph 1? A. It means complete inactivity. B. It is unique to large animals. C. It is a natural human ability. D. It slows bodily functions. 2.What is the primary goal of the study carried out by Clifton Callaway? A. To understand hibernation across species. B. To enable travel to Mars or beyond. C. To improve critical care medicine. D. To test human endurance limits. 3.How did the man in the study differ from a hibernating animal? A. His metabolism increased significantly. B. He could do basic tasks and respond. C. He was still and deeply unconscious. D. His temperature stayed unchanged. 4.What is the author’s attitude regarding the future of human hibernation research? A. Doubtful and critical. B. Indifferent and neutral. C. Cautious and concerned. D. Optimistic but realistic. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆渝东九校联考·期中）A spoonful of pickles (泡菜) can sometimes make a meal taste better. Recently, a new kind of pickle, digital pickled vegetables, is being discussed. It refers to the videos people watch while eating that make their food more delicious. The topic received more than 16 million clicks on Sina Weibo and about 100,000 people joined in the discussion. Instead of being accompanied by friends and family during a meal, many young people in China are watching short videos while eating. Many believe that their food is more delicious with the “digital pickles”. Can this habit affect your diet? According to research in 2019, you may eat more! The research team carried out the first test. They asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating patterns on four different days. The patterns included eating while looking at the mobile phone, reading magazines, and without distraction (干扰). After the test, the team discovered that eating with a distraction increased the amount of food that people take in by about 15 percent. To explore the reason, the team conducted another test. They invited two groups of people: one group ate while listening to an audio clip (片段) about another person eating, and the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating. The results showed that the second group ate less because they paid more attention to their meals. When eating with the “digital pickles”, our attention can be distracted, which leads to eating more than expected. The study suggests that if you’re eating or drinking while your attention is distracted by a highly engaging (投入的) task, you’re less likely to be able to tell how full you feel. 1.According to the passage, what is digital pickle? A. A kind of vegetable grown by farmers. B. A kind of food that is popular online. C. The videos people watch while eating. D. The computer games played by children. 2.How did the team carry out the research? A. By starting the discussion online. B. Through two tests with different people. C. With the help of some Chinese volunteers. D. From people’s changes of weight. 3.What does the research find about eating with “digital pickles”? A. It makes food less tasty. B. It helps people eat less. C. It causes people to eat more. D. It makes people feel full soon. 4.What is the suitable title for the passage? A. Digital Pickles: A New Way to Make Meals Tastier B. Short Videos: Popular Companions During Meals C. How Distracted Eating Changes People’s Diets D. Digital Pickles: Their Popularity and Effects on Eating Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆渝东九校联考·期中）Learn English in Seven: Use the Power of Seven to Improve Your English is a useful guide for anyone who wants to improve their English skills in a simple and affordable way. Written by Josef Essberger, an experienced English teacher, this book presents a unique method of learning by breaking down the process into seven easy steps. Each step focuses on a different area of language learning, making it suitable for both beginners and advanced learners. The seven key areas covered in the book are words, grammar, listening, speaking, reading, writing, and pronunciation. The author does not just focus on theoretical (理论的) knowledge, but also offers practical advice and real-life examples to help readers apply what they learn. For example, instead of merely memorizing English words, the book shows how to use new words in everyday conversations. This makes learning more enjoyable and useful in daily life. One of the advantages of this book is its clear and organized structure. Each part explores one of the seven areas, and it features easy-to-understand explanations and exercises. These exercises allow readers to practice and remember what they have learned. The book also encourages readers to set achievable goals, which can keep them focused throughout their learning journey. Another important feature of Learn English in Seven is its emphasis (强调) on self-study. Josef provides tips on how to track progress, manage time, and develop a good habit that works for learners. This is perfect for high school students who want to study independently and improve their English outside the classroom. Overall, Learn English in Seven is a valuable resource for students who want to become more confident in their English skills. Whether you are preparing for exams or simply want to communicate more fluently, this book can help you reach your language goals. 1.What is special about Learn English in Seven? A. It puts theoretical knowledge first. B. It offers a step-by-step guide. C. It is written mainly for advanced learner. D. It provides hard-to-understand explanations. 2.What does Josef probably suggest about new words? A. Memorizing lists of words. B. Practicing them in journals. C. Focusing on difficult words. D. Applying them to real life. 3.What is probably Josef’s opinion about self-study? A. It allows learners to manage learning progress. B. It is necessary for highly-gifted learners. C. It pushes students to avoid group discussions. D. It values students’ in-class performance. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To honor a writer. B. To give his learning tips. C. To introduce a book. D. To explain grammar rules. 主题语境04 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高一上·重庆彭水第一中学校·期中）Will human beings find intelligent alien (外星的) life anytime soon? Probably not, according to theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking. Hawking made the prediction during the Breakthrough Starshot announcement in New York City on April 12. At the news conference, Hawking, along with Russian billionaire sponsor Yuri Milner and a group of scientists, detailed a new project that aims to send a large number of tiny, wafer-size (薄饼大小的) spaceships into space to the neighboring star system Alpha Centauri (半人马座阿尔法星). If these tiny spaceships travel at 20 percent of the speed of light, they'll be able to reach Alpha Centauri in just 20 years, Milner said. Once there, the spacecraft will be able to do a 1-hour flyby of Alpha Centauri and collect data that's impossible to gather from Earth, such as taking close-up photos of the star system, studying space dust molecules (分子) and measuring magnetic fields (磁场), said Avi Loeb, chairman of the Breakthrough Starshot Advisory Committee and a professor of science at Harvard University. In addition to learning about space technology, the audience wanted to hear about aliens--specifically, when scientists might find them. Hawking took questions from reporters in advance so that he would have time to prepare his answers. Hawking has famously predicted that intelligent aliens might threaten humankind. Indeed, when asked about what Earthlings should do if we came across intelligent alien life, he said, “We should hope that they don' t find us.” Other researchers at the conference offered a more optimistic view of alien life. 1.What are the wafer-size spaceships mainly designed for? A. Looking for aliens. B. Doing a 1-hour flyby. C. Landing on Alpha Centauri. D. Collecting data about Alpha Centauri. 2.Stephen Hawking might agree that________. A. pretty soon human beings will find alien life B. we may find alien life a danger to human beings C. Alpha Centauri is suitable for human immigration (移民) D. scientists should be sent into space to collect data 3.The underlined word “Earthlings” in Paragraph 6 probably means________. A. sponsors B. reporters C. human beings D. scientists 4.The next part of the passage will probably deal with________. A. analysis of the data collected B. other questions from reporters C. possible ways to defend us against aliens D. other scientist’ opinions on alien life 主题语境05 人与自然-灾害防范 （25-26高一上·重庆第一中学校·期中）Weather experts say extreme cold in many parts of the United States this winter has been driven by a polar vortex (涡旋). But what is this weather system and how does it work? The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) defines a polar vortex as a set of powerful westerly winds — not a single storm, but a steady atmospheric pattern, which usually takes shape each year in the Arctic stratosphere, a layer 16 to 48 kilometers above the surface of the northernmost point on Earth, and remains active mainly during the cold winter period. At times, the polar vortex weakens, making cold air masses escape and move south, while pushing warmer air north. This winter, several such events have hit the U.S. and Europe, as Arctic weather forces combined to drive cold air southward. Windchill readings — temperature readings that take into consideration the effects of wind — fell to minus 51 degrees Celsius in the U.S. Midwest, colder than actual air temperatures. The U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) warned of possible dangers such as frostbite and hypothermia for unprotected skin, as well as frozen and burst home water pipes due to prolonged cold, adding that most states would face low windchill temperatures, with exceptions including those with milder climates like Hawaii, California and Florida. The midwestern region, covering states such as Kansas, Nebraska and Missouri, was expected to be hit the hardest. NOAA notes the polar vortex surrounds not just the Arctic but both of Earth’s poles, strengthening in winter and weakening in summer. About once a year, it weakens further, shifting off the pole or breaking apart, which pushes surface cold air south. NOAA’s models predict low temperatures for states like Oklahoma, Colorado, Illinois and Iowa, as well as Wyoming, Montana and the Dakotas. Some storms may also bring heavy snow or flooding. 1.Which of the following is NOAA’s feature of the polar vortex according to NOAA’s definition? A. Strong B. Systemic C. Regular D. Destructive 2.Why are windchill readings mentioned in the passage? A. To explain how Arctic weather forces work. B. To stress the seriousness of the extreme cold. C. To compare temperatures in different U.S. states. D. To show the actual air temperature in the Midwest. 3.What can be learned about the U.S. states affected by low windchill? A. Hawaii will face slight windchill due to its location. B. Midwest states are more easily affected by extreme cold. C. California is likely to experience the coldest temperatures. D. Florida’s climate makes it impossible to have low temperatures. 4.What will the author most probably discuss next? A. The history of polar vortex events in Europe. B. Why California and Florida are less affected by cold. C. NOAA’s plans to improve weather prediction models. D. How to protect oneself from the polar vortex’s harmful effect. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·重庆第十一中学校·期中）When you’re bored, what do you do? The answer is a no-brainer: you reach for your phone. Five minutes of short videos can seem like the perfect break. But a new study has bad news. Reaching for your phone is likely to leave you feeling more bored. To figure out the relationship between phones and boredom, the research team set up an app on the phones of 83 volunteers to keep an eye on how often they used their devices. They also asked these volunteers to keep diaries at work, recording their level of tiredness and boredom. The researchers’ first discovery was no shocker. We’re on our phones a lot — In the 20 minutes following each questionnaire (问卷调查), volunteers picked up their phone 52 percent of the time, spending around 90 seconds on it each time. The second finding was also unsurprising: the more tired we are, the more likely we are to reach for our phones. However, the final finding was the real kicker. Although we look to our phones to reduce our tiredness and boredom, screen time actually seemed to increase feelings of boredom. The research team thought about the different reasons why this might be so. Changing from work to your phone and back again may end up being more tiring in mind than stimulating (提神的). For example, a “baby goat video” on phone was nice, but it was not worth the energy and focus of your brain. Besides, picking up your phone might just serve as a reminder of all the fun and interesting things out there you could be doing if you didn’t have to fill out paperwork. The study can’t say for sure if these explanations (解读) are right, but one thing is clear: A quick look at your phone is going to make your brain feel even more tired. If so, what to do instead? 1.Why did the research team set up an app on the volunteers’ phones? A. To track their phone use. B. To ensure their rest time. C. To remove their boredom. D. To record their tiredness. 2.What do the underlined words “the real kicker” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. The most common. B. The most advanced. C. The most unexpected. D. The most important. 3.“A baby goat video” is mentioned in paragraph 4 to show ________. A. Phones can be inspiring. B. Phones can be tiring. C. phones can work as a reminder. D. Phones can improve our paperwork. 4.What might the author continue talking about? A. How to take a better break. B. Why screen time is harmful. C. Recommended online activities. D. Studies on phone addiction. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·重庆南开中学校·期中）Learning to play an instrument seems to improve reading skills in young children by enhancing their ability to recognize and use the sounds that make up words. Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. To find out more, Maria Garcia-de-Soria at the University of Aberdeen, UK, and her colleagues studied 57 children, aged 5 to 9, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practising for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. They found that children who were learning an instrument outperformed the others on tests of phonological (语音的) awareness. This is the ability to recognize and use the sounds that form words. They also showed better reading skills. The team controlled for factors that can influence literacy — the ability to read and write, such as socioeconomic status and general cognitive ability. In the study, the researchers used EEG — electroencephalography (脑电图). To record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was connected with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this brain activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. “Adults tend to use both sides of the brain to process music and speech, and sometimes more on the right hemisphere. The musically trained children seem to have a more adult-like tracking of speech,” says Garcia-de-Soria. “The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is in agreement with the broader literature (文献),” says Alice Mado Proverbio at the University of Milano-Bicocca in Italy. However, music training can also lead to changes in the right hemisphere of the brain, promoting faster reading, she says. 1.What can we learn about the children in the study? A. Most were under 6 years old. B. Few girls could play an instrument. C. Around half received music training. D. More boys participated in the study. 2.What does the underlined word “outperformed” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Did worse than. B. Did better than. C. Was equal to. D. Had nothing to do with. 3.What can we infer about the musically trained children? A. They processed speech less effectively than adults. B. They had a speech-processing mode similar to adults. C. They performed worse in reading than non-musical children. D. They showed higher brain activity than non-musical children. 4.What does Proverbio say about music training? A. It has no significant impact on both sides of the brain. B. It influences both hemispheres to improve reading skills. C. It only affects the left hemisphere’s language processing. D. It mainly changes the right hemisphere to enhance reading. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·重庆南开中学校·期中）Microbes (微生物) obtained from Siberian permafrost (永久冻土) appear to have stayed alive for more than 100,000 years, based on an analysis of their DNA. Their genes could give insights into how common such long lifespans are, and how they have come to evolve. Karen Lloyd at the University of Southern California and her colleagues wanted to find microbes in places that hadn’t changed for very long periods of time, believing anything still living there must be as old as the surrounding environment. That search took them to the Chukchi Peninsula — the easternmost edge of Siberia, where they drilled a 22-metre-long core of permafrost. They sampled DNA from a layer of marine sediment (沉淀物) that froze sometime between 100,000 and 120,000 years ago. The sediment contained liquid water where microbes. might have been trapped, with no nutrients or organisms able to move in or out. To distinguish between living and dead cells, the researchers sequenced millions of DNA parts from the permafrost, using them to reconstruct the genomes (基因组) of all the microbial species present. They then added an enzyme (酶) to the mix that would repair damaged DNA and repeated the reconstruction process. Most of the reconstructed genomes were much more complete after the researchers added the DNA repair enzyme, suggesting they came from dead cells that hadn’t been actively maintaining their DNA’s completeness, says Lloyd. However, genomes from six species barely changed, implying the DNA came from living cells that had actively maintained their genomes since being frozen at least 100,000 years earlier. Steven D’Hondt at the University of Rhode Island says the research is a “real advance” towards understanding extremely long lifespans — both how widespread they might be and the evolutionary basis for them. However, he cautions against applying the findings to other settings. “Being frozen for a long time with no activity is not the same thing as living for a long time with a very low level of activity.” 1.Why did the researchers choose the Chukchi Peninsula for their study? A. It has the oldest permafrost in the world. B. It is easily accessible for scientific expeditions. C. The environment there has remained stable for long. D. It is the only place with ancient marine sediments. 2.The researchers added an enzyme to ________. A. increase the amount of DNA B. preserve DNA for future studies C. speed up the sequencing process D. tell which DNA came from living cells 3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. How the enzyme functioned in the experiment. B. How researchers identified living and dead cells. C. Why genome reconstruction is crucial for the research. D. Why ancient microbes can survive for such a long time. 4.What does Steven D’Hondt think of the research findings? A. They can be widely used in other fields. B. They show being frozen equals low-activity survival. C. They prove that microbes remain active while frozen. D. They represent a major development in lifespan research. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·重庆实验外国语学校·期中）Wildfires are becoming more serious around the world as the climate warms. This is mainly caused by increasing heat, drought, and strong winds, which make trees burn more easily. However, Rebecca Koll, a researcher at the University of Exeter, doubts there’s another reason. She believes climate change is actually changing the plants themselves. Koll suggests that stress from increased ultraviolet radiation (紫外线辐射，UV) makes trees produce more airborne (空气传播的) chemicals, called volatiles (挥发物), in their leaves. Studies have shown that high levels of these volatiles can increase the chance of pine trees catching fire. To test her idea, Koll ran a strictly-designed experiment. She put 87 different pine tree species under higher levels of UV radiation in special climate-controlled rooms. These trees were kept in ideal conditions with perfect temperature and enough water, but they received up to three times the UV exposure found in today’s climate. Koll vividly described the process: “They’re having the best life. Except we’re just absolutely zapping them with radiation.” After several weeks, the trees were analyzed to check the changes in their leaf chemistry and then burned to see how easily they catch fire. Koll expects to find changes in the plants’ leaf chemistry and believes these changes will make the trees easier to burn. This research could help explain why wildfires are getting worse. “It’s not just drought,” Koll says, “we are changing plants through climate effects.” Discovering this answer could valuably improve our understanding of wildfire risks in pine forests, which are common in the northern half of the earth. This project is one of the first conducted at the University of Exeter’s new Global Meteorological Simulator, a facility designed to study how plants cope with rapid climate change. Matthew Robson, another expert, finds this research particularly exciting because the importance of leaf chemistry in how easily trees can catch fire has not yet been well-studied. 1.What is Koll’s idea about wild fire causes A. There are only three reasons for the increasing wildfires. B. Increased UV radiation may make trees more likely to burn. C. Chemicals in trees’ leaves don’t affect their burning chance. D. Drought and strong winds cause changes in outdoor plants. 2.What does the underlined word “zapping” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Protecting. B. Watering. C. Cutting. D. Exposing. 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Expected findings and research value. B. Experiment process and challenges. C. Conclusions about wildfire causes. D. Discoveries of wildfire risks in forests. 4.Why is Matthew Robson excited by Koll’s research? A. It centers around pine trees. B. It applies a new research method. C. It addresses wildfire problems. D. It advances an understudied area. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·重庆第八中学校·期中）Lately I have started to go jogging in Yoyogi Park. One of the first things that caught my attention when I started was that everybody runs in a counterclockwise (逆时针方向的) direction in the city where there are no rules that say in which direction to run. Maybe they do it because they try to follow track & field athletics and almost any other kind of race where the running direction is always counterclockwise, or maybe is there any other reason? I have been asking many people and “researching” online. The best answers I found are from the research of a construction professor at Waseda University in Tokyo. Professor Watanabe Hitoshi devoted many years of his life to research about which is the best way to design stairs and emergency exits. He reached a point in his research where he had to decide if it was better to design stairs that you have to go down clockwise or counterclockwise. Experiments had been carried out some time before, and it was known that there is a tendency (趋势) to turn counterclockwise. But Mr. Watanabe wanted to look into more so he further researched on it: ·Most human beings are right-handed. ·Most of the left-handed people are right-footed, while most of the right-handed people are also right-footed. ·Most human beings have a slightly longer right leg than their left leg. These three factors make our right leg become dominant over the left leg, which causes a tendency to turn to the left, and to be able to run faster in a counterclockwise direction. Mr. Watanabe carried out a lot of experiments and observations to reach some conclusions. For example, he found out through an experiment that when people are being chased and trying to escape, they turn to the left unconsciously 70% of the time. 1.What caught the author’s attention when he first started jogging in Yoyogi Park? A. The direction of running in the park. B. The specific running rules in the park. C. His interest in the physics of running. D. His curiosity about track & field athletics. 2.What was the purpose of Watanabe’s further research? A. To study emergency exits. B. To design better running tracks. C. To prove earlier experiments wrong. D. To find out the reasons behind the tendency. 3.What does the underlined word “dominant” mean in the passage? A. Opposite. B. Equal. C. Stronger. D. Weaker. 4.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Right Way to Design Stairs. B. Research on Yoyogi Park Jogging. C. The Science Behind Running Direction. D. The Benefits of Running Counterclockwise. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $