Unit 2 Getting along 单元核心知识点精讲精练3(Developing ideas)-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册（新教材外研版）

Unit 2 Getting along 核心知识点精讲精练 3 (Developing ideas) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Developing ideas包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇、重难句型等核心知识点。 · 本资料包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空，单项填空等)与技能提升综合练习(阅读理解、完形填空或语篇填空等)。 1、 单元重点短语集锦 1. a fear of… 对…… 的恐惧 2. attend social events 参加社交活动 3. roller coaster 过山车 4. find out 查明；弄清楚 5. I guess 我想；我认为 6. what if 要是…… 怎么办 7. be afraid of 害怕…… 8. be busy with 忙于…… 9. have a problem with… 在…方面有问题 10. nothing special 没什么特别的 11. in the Qing Dynasty 在清朝 12. argue over/about 为…争论 13. the dividing line 分界线，界限 14. reach agreement 达成协议；取得一致意见 15. ask for advice 征求建议；求教 16. step back three chi 后退三尺 17. in return 作为回报，作为报酬 18. decide to do 决定做某事 19. give up 放弃 20. Hundreds of 数以百计的；成百上千的 21. since then 从那以后 22. keep ... in mind 把…放在心里，把...记在心上 2、 单元重点词汇解析 1. guess /ɡes/ v. 猜测，估计；猜对，猜到； [词汇搭配] I guess...我想...，我认为...；Guess what! 你猜！（引出令人惊奇或激动的事） have/make a guess (at sth.) (对某事)做猜测 [词汇例句] He guessed right/wrong .他猜对 / 错了。 I guess (that) you'll be looking for a new job now. 我想你现在要找新工作了吧。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Don’t stop reading when you meet a new word, you can ________ its meaning first. A．guess B．explain C．check D．write 2. suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/ n.建议,提议 [词汇拓展] suggest (v.) 建议；表明，显示；advise(v.)建议；advice(n.)建议 [词汇搭配] make a suggestion 提出建议；at/on sb's suggestion根据某人的建议；在某人的提议下 [词汇用法] · suggestion和advice用作名词，suggestion用作可数名词，advice用作不可数名词。 如：I’d like to share with you some advice. 我想和你分享一些建议。 Any good suggestions? 还有一些好的建议？ · suggest和advise用作动词。“建议做某事”用suggest/advise doing...结构。 如：We suggest/advise putting off the meeting. 我们建议推迟会议。 · “建议某人做某事”用advise sb. to do结构，此结构中不可用suggest。 如：The doctor advised me to rest for some days. 医生建议我休息几天。 · suggest后还可以跟名词，表示“推荐，举荐”。 如：Mary suggested Beijing as the place for the coming holiday. 玛丽推荐北京作为即将到来的假期的地方。 · suggest和advise后均可以接宾语从句，且宾语从句的谓语动词要使用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”结构，should可以省略。 如：The teacher suggests that we (should)review the notes before the exam.老师建议我们考试前要复习笔记。 [随学随练] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) We suggested ________ (have) a picnic this weekend. (2) Thank you for giving me so many ________ (suggest). (3) She gave my mom some useful  ________ (advise). (4) My teacher advised me ________(take) notes while listening to the lecture on career planning. (5) Mr. Green suggested that Millie ________ (go) to visit the local places of interest during summer holiday. 3. explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ v.解释,说明 [词汇拓展] explanation (n.)解释 [词汇搭配] explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 [词汇例句] First, I'll explain the rules of the game.首先我要说明一下游戏规则。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Can you ________ why you were late for school again? —Sorry, I got up late because my alarm didn’t go off. A．explain B．describe C．express D．expect 4. true /truː/ adj.真正的 [词汇拓展] truth (n.)真相；事实；truly (adv.)真正地；确实 [词汇搭配] a true story 真实的故事；true friends真正的朋友；come true(梦想等)实现 [词汇例句] He realized that true strength didn’t just come from size, but came from inside.  他意识 到，真正的力量不仅来自体型，还来自内心。  [随学随练] 用true的适当形式填空 (1) I find telling the  ________ can be hard sometimes. (2) You may think reading a dictionary is boring but it’s not   ________. (3) I   ________ enjoy helping students like you to learn new knowledge. (4) She’s the most   ________ girl in our class. 5. respect /rɪˈspekt/ v.尊重,顾及; n. 尊敬；（事物的）方面，细节 [词汇拓展] disrespect(n.)不尊敬；无礼；respectful (adj.)表示敬意的，尊敬的 respected(adj.)受尊敬的；respectable (adj.)体面的，值得尊敬的 [词汇搭配] respect your feelings尊重你的感觉；show respect for...表示尊重，尊敬 have no respect for...不尊重；in respect of sth关于；就…而言 [词汇例句] I have the greatest respect for your brother.我非常尊敬你的哥哥。 I respect Jack's opinion on most subjects.在大多数事情上，我尊重杰克的意见。 [随学随练] 单项填空 It is important for us to ________ the old and take care of the young in life. A．respect B．treat C．pick D．practise 6. narrow/ˈnærəʊ/adj.狭窄的；勉强的 [词汇拓展] narrowly(adv.)勉强地；狭隘地；narrowness(n.)狭窄 [词汇搭配] narrow lanes窄巷子；narrow streets狭窄的街道；a narrow victory 险胜 [词汇例句] There was only a narrow gap between the bed and the wall.床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Kids! The wooden bridge is too ________. You’d better cross it one by one. —OK, Miss Li. We will be very careful. A．long B．beautiful C．narrow D．large 7. common /ˈkɒmən/ adj.常见的,普遍的;共同的 [词汇拓展] commonly (adj.) 通常地；普遍地 [词汇搭配] in common共同；a common plant一种常见的植物 [词汇例句] They share a common interest in photography. 他们在摄影方面兴趣相投。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 The twins (双胞胎) have something ________ common. Both of them are good at dancing. A．with B．by C．for D．in 8. argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/v. 争论；争吵 [词汇拓展] argument (n.) 争论；争辩；argumentative (adj.) 爱争论的 [词汇搭配] argue with sb. 与某人争论；argue about/over sth. 为某事争论；argue against 反对 argue for 支持 [词汇例句] I don't want to argue with you ─ just do it! 我不想和你争辩——请干吧！ [随学随练] 单项填空 Li Lei argued ________ Liu Ming ________ the seat. A．with: about B．about; with C．with; for D．about; for 9. divide /dəˈvaɪd/ v.(把……)分开；除以；除 [词汇拓展] division(n.)分歧；分开；除法；divisive(adj.)造成不和的;引起分歧的 [词汇搭配] dividing line 分界线,界限；divide...into...把...分成；divide...from...把...和...隔开 divide thirty by six将30除以6 [词汇例句] It’s good to divide housework into different parts.把家务活分成不同的部分是件好事。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) If a task seems too difficult, you can ________ it into several small steps. A．memorize B．keep C．divide D．increase (2) To finish the work in time, the leader plans to divide the volunteers ________ different groups. A．with B．on C．into D．of 10. reach /riːtʃ/ v. 实现,达成; 伸手,碰到,触及;到达,抵达;达到(某点),进入(某阶段); n.可达到的距离；(伸手)可及之距离 [词汇搭配] reach agreement达成一致; reach for 伸手触碰；reach a decision作出决定 reach out to sb表示对某人感兴趣；表示愿意提供援助 [词汇例句] Judy reached into her handbag and handed me a book.朱蒂把手伸进提包，递给我一本书。 [词汇辨析] arrive / get / reach表示“到达” · arrive表示“到达”，后加介词at或in，通常arrive at后接较小的地点；arrive in后接较大的地点。 They arrived in Nanjing at 5 p.m.. 他们下午5点抵达南京。 · get表示“到达”，后加介词to。 Walk along the road and you will get to your grandmother’s house soon.沿着这条路走，你很快就能到 你奶奶家。 · reach表示“到达”，后直接跟表示地点的名词或代词。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Could you tell me when you will ______ Tokyo? —I’m not sure. When I ________, I will call you. A．get; arrive B．arrive in; reach C．reach; arrive D．get to; arrive in 11. agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/ n.(意见的)一致,相合；协议，约定；赞成，同意 [词汇拓展] agree /əˈɡriː/ v.赞成；同意；disagree(v.)不同意；disagreement(n.)意见不一;分歧;争论 [词汇搭配] reach (an) agreement 达成一项协议，reach agreement达成一致，取得一致意见； in agreement意见一致；get one’s agreement获得某人的同意 [词汇用法] · agreement表示“一项具体的协议，协定”时，用作可数名词。 an international peace agreement国际和平协定 · agreement表示“达成协议，(意见，看法等)一致”时，表示的是一种状态，用作不可数名词。表示“赞成，同意”时，表示的是一种行为或事实，也用作不可数名词。 Are we in agreement about the price?对这个价格我们是否意见一致？ You'll have to get your parents' agreement if you want to go on the trip.你要想去旅行就必须征得父 母的同意。 [随学随练] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) There is no ________ (agree) between the two villages on the plan. (2) I thought he would ________ (agree) with me. However, surprisingly, he agreed. (3) They agreed ________ (study) biology together every Tuesday afternoon. 12. relative /ˈrelətɪv/ n. n.家人;亲戚；adj.相比较而言的；相对的 [词汇拓展] relatively(adv.)相当程度上；相当地；相对地；relate(v.)涉及，关于；相关 [词汇搭配] our relatives’ house我们亲戚家；relative to与…相比；与…有关 [词汇例句] He knows some facts relative to the case. 他知道一些与这个案件有关的事实。 [随学随练] 单项填空 On the first day of the Spring Festival, children usually put on new clothes and visit their ________. A．strangers B．relatives C．guests D．patients 13. poem /ˈpəʊɪm/ n.诗;韵文 [词汇拓展] poet (n.) 诗人；poetry (n.) 诗歌（总称）；poetic (adj.) 诗意的；诗歌的 [词汇搭配] a poem by Li Bai 一首李白的诗；write a poem 写诗；read a poem 读诗 [词汇例句] The poem uses simple language.这首诗用语简单。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Many classic Chinese ________ are widely spread in the world. They are the symbols of Chinese culture. A．teams B．poems C．jokes D．magazines 14. ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ adj.羞耻的,内疚的,惭愧的 [词汇拓展] shame(n.)羞耻,羞愧;令人惋惜的事; shameful(adj.)可耻的; 丢脸的 [词汇搭配] feel ashamed感到羞愧；be ashamed of...对...感到羞愧 be ashamed to do...因惭愧而不情愿；羞于 [词汇例句] She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party. 她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞 愧。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The prisoner came to realize that the cheating was so ________ that he ________ himself. A．shameful; felt ashamed at B．shameful; felt embarrassed of C．ashamed; felt shameful of D．shameful; felt ashamed of 15. step /step/ v.跨步,迈步; n.步骤；脚步； [词汇拓展] <过去式>stepped [词汇搭配] step back three chi退后三尺；step on the road to...踏上...之路 step on/off a bus上/下公共汽车；took a step towards...朝...迈了一步 take steps(to do)采取步骤(做某事)；mind your step走路小心 out of step of...和...想法不一致；step by step一步一步地 [词汇例句] He walked with a quick light step.他迈着轻快的步子走着。 We stepped carefully over the broken glass.我们小心翼翼地从碎玻璃上走了过去。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —I’m so tired. I just finished the 800-metre race. —You did a good job! Why not ________ and drink some water now? A．take a ride B．take a break C．take a step D．take a look (2) —Please mind your steps, sir. —________. A．It doesn’t matter B．Thanks a lot C．Never mind D．Take it easy 16. act /ækt/ n.行为,行动,动作; v. 扮演；行动；充当；(对...)有作用 [词汇拓展] actor(n.)男演员；actress(n.)女演员；action(n.)行为，行动；acting(n.)表演 active(adj.)活跃的，积极的；activity(n.)活动 [词汇搭配] an act of kindness善行；act out 表演；act on按照...行事；act as扮演；充当；起作用 [词汇例句] A small wrong act can cause a big problem.一个小小的错误行为可能会引发大问题。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 — The members from the Drama Club will________ the play of Shakespeare next week. Would you like to go to see it with me?    — Yes, I’d like to. A．act on B．act out C．work on D．work out 17. same /seɪm/ adj.相同的 [词汇拓展] different(adj.)不同的 [词汇搭配] in the same class 在同一个班级；the same as...和...相同的 (the) same to you(回应问候、辱骂等)你也一样 [词汇用法] · same前通常会加冠词the。 Peter and Linda go to the same school. 彼得和琳达在同一所学校上学。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Learning history can help us avoid making the ________ mistakes in the future. A．simple B．same C．different D．difficult (2) —Can you tell the differences between these two pictures? —Differences? Oh, no. They look quite ________. A．similar B．different C．strange D．same 18. another /əˈnʌðə/ det.另一,又一 [词汇搭配] another one另一个；one another相互，彼此；another time其他时间 [词汇用法] · another 指同类的另一个人或事物，后面常跟可数名词单数等。 another也可以用于“another+数词+复数名词”结构，相当于“数词+more+复数名词”结构。 Would you like another cup of coffee? 还想喝一杯咖啡吗？ Could you give me another two chairs (two more chairs)? 您还能再给我两把椅子吗？ · other 指不同类的人或事物，通常后接可数名词复数形式，或接不可数名词。 Are there any other questions?还有其他问题没有？ · 当谈论数个人或事物中剩余的部分时，通常用the others。 Some students are drawing. And the others are talking. 一些学生在画画。其他的学生在聊天。 · 当谈论泛指的复数的其他人或其他事物时，用others。 Don’t talk to others in the street. 在大街上不要和其他人说话。 · 用the other或the other one谈论两个人或事物中的第二个。 I’ve got two brothers.One is a doctor, and the other one is a teacher. 我有两个哥哥。一个是医生，另一个是 老师。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Mum, I’m still hungry. I’d like to have ________. A．two another cakes B．more two cakes C．other two cakes D．another two cakes (2) This T-shirt is too big for me. Can you show me ________ one? A．other B．another C．others D．the other (3) He has two uncles. ________ is a doctor and ________ is a driver. A．One; the other B．One; another C．Another; other D．One; other (4) —Mum, I can only see one of my shoes, but where is ________ shoe?    —Under the bed! A．the other B．another C．other D．one 19. pass /pɑːs/ v.过去,流逝; 及格；通过，经过；递，给；传(球); n. 及格；通行证 [词汇搭配] pass the exam 通过考试；train pass 火车通行证 pass sth. to sb.=pass sb. sth. 把某物递给某人；pass by通过；经过（…旁边） pass away去世；pass out昏迷；失去知觉；pass down使世代相传；流传 [词汇例句] He worked hard and finally passed the math exam. 他努力学习，终于通过了数学考试。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中pass的中文意思 (1) The children passed the time playing in the streets. (2) He passed the library door. (3) You should pass the ball back to your partner. (4) She got a pass in French. (5) Please pass me the salt. (6) The famous scientist passed away last month. (7) The girl passed out in the PE class. (8) We should know more about paper-cutting and pass down this traditional art form. 20. whenever /wenˈevə/ conj.每当 [词汇拓展] whatever无论什么；whoever无论谁；wherever无论哪里 [词汇用法] · whenever可用于引导状语从句，表示“每当；在任何…的时候”，可与no matter when互换使用。 You can ask for help whenever you need it.你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) You will always be welcome whenever you come. A．whilever B．no matter when C．whatever D．no matter while (2) My English used to be very poor. __________ I wanted to give up, Dad would encourage me to work harder. A．However B．Whatever C．Whenever D．Wherever 3、 重难句型解析 1. (教材原句)What if they never...again?要是他们再也不…怎么办呢？ What if...？表示“要是…会怎么样呢？”，用于提出假设性问题或表达担忧、建议等。 例如：What if the train is late?火车要是晚点会怎么样呢？ 2. (教材原句)And so came the six-chi-wide lane between the two houses.于是，两家之间便形成了一条六尺宽的小巷。 此句的主语是“the six-chi-wide lane between the two houses”，谓语动词是came，为不及物动词，此句无宾语，为了防止头重脚轻，将状语so提前，而将主语置于谓语之后形成了倒装。 例如：On the top of the mountain stood a tall tower. 山顶耸立着一座高塔。 3. (教材原句)Hundreds of years have passed since then, and the lane is still there.从那时起，几百年过去了，这条小巷依然存在。 · since意为“自从…以来；自从…之后”，后接表示时间点的词或短语，常与现在完成时连用。since then意为“自那以后，从那之后”。 如：We haven’t met each other since he moved to London.自从他搬到伦敦后，我们就没见过面。 · hundreds of表示“成百上千的，数百的”。hundred表示具体的数量时，其前用基数词，且hundred不用复数形式。 如：Two hundred students took part in the activity. 两百名学生参加了此次活动。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Your reading habit makes you feel relaxed every day. —Yes, I ________ this good habit since Grade Seven. A．keep B．kept C．have kept D．will keep (2) —Our school library is a great place with over nine ________ books. —Yes. And ________ of students come to borrow books every term. A．hundred; hundreds B．hundreds; hundreds C．hundreds; hundred D．hundred; hundred 4、 基础知识综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) We enjoyed ourselves while walking slowly along the ________ (狭窄的) streets in Fenghuang Ancient Town. (2) Whether at home or workplace, social robots will become c________ (常见的) in the next few years. (3) My parents never ________ (争论) with each other about small things at home. (4) Jen will d________ (把……分开) the cake into small pieces at the party. (5) They couldn’t ________ ________ (达成一致). (6) She accidentally ________（跨步）on my foot and said sorry to me. (7) Her kind ________ (行为) made everyone feel happy yesterday. (8) We should ________ (尊重) the opinions of others even if we don’t agree with them. (9) After I realized how much I had hurt her feelings, I felt deeply ________ (感到羞耻的) for the rude words I had said to her. (10) My friend always lends me a helping hand ________ (每当) I have problems. (11) I lost my train ________ (票) and had to buy another one. (12) As time p________ (流逝), we are becoming better at English little by little. (13) Chinese people usually visit their ________ (亲戚) during the Spring Festival. (14) She wrote a beautiful ________ (诗) to express her love for nature. (15) If she doesn’t know the fact, she g_______ (猜测) and often gets it right. (16) Our teacher asked if anyone had a good ________ (建议) for the class trip. (17) This morning Miss Li asked me to ________ (解释) why I was late. I just couldn’t say anything. (18) A t________（真正的）friend will always be there when you are unhappy. (19) Local ________ (政府) regard developing tourism as a new growth point of the economy. (20) One of the _________ (邻居) complained about the noise from the party. 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者填上合适的介词。 (1) Before you are invited to a foreign friend’s house, you can ask for ________ (suggest) online. (2) I think no one can ________ (true) understand how much I love these stories. (3) Claire and I have one thing ________ common: We are both good at tennis. (4) We had an ________ with the waiter about the bill. (argue) (5) The ________ (divide) line between the two countries runs along the river. (6) After hours of discussion, the two teams finally reached an _________ (agree) on the cooperation plan. (7) Sandy will come back to Shanghai and visit her ________ (relative). (8) Tom felt ________ (shame) because he forgot to finish his homework again. (9) I heard the door close behind me shortly after I ________ (step) out to water flowers. (10) Our hometown ________ (change) a lot since I left here ten years ago. 3. 单项填空。 (1) — Would you like to go to the cinema with me this Friday? — Sorry, I’m going to see my grandparents. Let’s make it ________ day. A．other B．the other C．another D．others (2) —There are three kinds of tea at home. Which is Dad’s favourite? —Hmm. I ________ it’s Longjing tea. But I’m not sure. A．find B．know C．guess D．wish (3) —Doctor Zhang ________ the old man to exercise for at least half an hour every day. —I think it’s a good ________ for him. A．suggests; suggestion B．suggests; advice C．advises; advice D．advises; suggestion (4) My friend and I have ________ interests in reading, so we often go to the library together. A．same B．different C．common D．special (5) Don’t ________ with your parents about small things. A．respect B．argue C．reach D．divide (6) —How is the meeting going right now? —Good. After a pretty heated discussion, they reached a(n) ________ finally. A．discovery B．agreement C．difference D．message (7) She felt __________ when she realized she had been selfish. A．ashamed B．cheerful C．uncertain D．priceless (8) —What was happening just before the police ________ here? —I am not sure but when I walked ________ them, I saw a homeless lady crying sadly here. A．reached; passed B．got to; past C．arrived at; passed D．arrived; past (9) —My mum always reminds me to drink enough water every day. —It’s ________, but it helps you stay healthy. A．a valuable lesson B．a good choice C．a small act D．a necessary task (10) —What are you going to do at the weekend? —________. I’ll watch a movie, but I’m not sure. A．Exactly B．Perhaps C．Really D．Finally 5、 技能提升综合练习 1. 阅读理解 A Mr. Hatch lived a lonely life. He walked alone to work every day and ate his lunch alone in a corner. He never smiled. He never talked to anyone on his way home. In the evening he would read a newspaper and go to bed early. His life changed, however, when he got a heart-shaped box full of chocolate in the mail (信箱) one day, along with a piece of paper that said, “Somebody loves you.” At first, he couldn’t believe it, but as he read the message, he began to laugh and dance around. The message opened his mind to realize the power of love. Soon he found himself being glad. He began to enjoy work and help out people in the neighbourhood. As the days and weeks went by, his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love touched everyone around him. Later, Mr. Hatch found out that the heart-shaped box belonged (属于) to somebody else. It was a mistake. He felt sad and went back to his old ways. When his neighbours found out, however, they decided not to lose the light he shared. They surprised him with a party and a long banner (条幅) that read, “Everybody loves Mr. Hatch.” Mr. Hatch cried when he knew that somebody loved him after all. Then he laughed, smiled and hugged his friends. We all have a little bit of Mr. Hatch in us. At times we all feel unloved. However, somebody does love us. (1) What changed Mr. Hatch’s life? A．He fell in love with someone. B．He read a fun story in the newspaper. C．He got a gift box with a love message. D．He made some heart-shaped chocolate. (2) Why did Mr. Hatch feel sad and go back to his old ways again? A．Because he made a mistake. B．Because he fell out of love with someone later. C．Because people around him didn’t like his changes. D．Because he found out the truth about the chocolate box. (3) According to the passage, what is the light that Mr. Hatch shared? A．The love from the people in the neighbourhood. B．The changes that touched the people around him. C．The party that the neighbours held for him. D．The box of heart-shaped chocolate that he got. (4) What does the writer really mean by the underlined sentence? A．A “mistake” can change someone’s life. B．Everyone may feel sad sometimes in life. C．Everyone of us has the same experience as Mr. Hatch. D．We may sometimes feel unloved but somebody does love us. B We all want to be liked. Sometimes, this means we might say or do something that doesn’t feel right because we want to please someone else. However, it’s important to learn how to be truer to ourselves and become comfortable saying “no”. This is called setting boundaries (边界). Setting boundaries is being honest and respectful about what you like and dislike. That makes you more likely to speak and behave in ways that are true to your feelings. Dr Rekha Vara, a clinical psychologist who helps people care for their mental (心理的) health, explains that you can think of boundaries as a range (范围). Vara says, “The middle of this range is the healthy space. That’s the best, neither too rigid (死板的) nor too floppy. It’s not good to avoid getting close to people. And it’s not healthy if you want to make everyone happy.” Setting boundaries allows you to “protect” yourself. They help you feel safe and respected. If you don’t have boundaries, some people may take advantage of you because they don’t know or understand what is and isn’t acceptable. Vara says pleasing other people “can become a habit” and then they expect you to do what they want every time. It’s also important to remember that you don’t have to explain your boundaries—there’s nothing wrong with saying “no”. Learning to set boundaries also helps us to respect other people’s boundaries and develop healthy relationships. Everyone’s boundaries are different and that’s OK. The things that are not a big deal to you might be important to others. Vara says, “You might not be too bothered about seeing the film your friend picked because you enjoy being with your friends. Another friend might choose not to come because they are bothered about the film choice. It’s important to find a balance in our friendships so that we remain open towards others and protective of ourselves, too.” (1) How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling stories. B．By asking questions. C．By using a saying. D．By showing something in common. (2) Which of the following can show “the healthy space” in Paragraph 2? (x=boundaries，y=mental health，a=the healthy space) A． B． C． D． (3) What can we learn about people with floppy boundaries from the passage? A．They always know what they want in relationships. B．They may lose themselves by pleasing others too much. C．They are good at protecting their own feelings. D．They prefer to stay alone rather than meet people. (4) Which of the following statements may help to set healthy boundaries? A．It’s all up to you, and I will do whatever you want. B．I like this film, so you have to watch it with me. C．We have different ideas about this and that’s not OK. D．That sounds fun for you, but I’m not comfortable with that. (5) Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Setting Boundaries—Being Honest to Say “No” B．Setting Boundaries—Being Glad to Accept “No” C．Setting Boundaries—The Best Way to Keep Healthy D．Setting Boundaries—Respecting Yourself and Others 2. 任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Sweet apologies Last week, I found myself in a difficult situation with my new neighbour. He was a college student who had just moved in across the street and brought a ping-pong table with him. He put it in the grassland for public use and it soon became a favorite place for many in the community. However, in the following days, the noise from the games never stopped. Whenever there was a game, the crowd cheered loudly, and the noise nearly drove me mad. I went to the boy’s house and told him that the table had to go, but he didn’t take it well. He asked who I was and why I was telling him what to do. “A neighbour who is bothered by your table!” I shouted at him. My husband pulled me away. At home, I sat on the sofa, still feeling angry. Suddenly, a picture on the wall came into view. It was taken at my college graduation ceremony. Seeing it brought back a flood of memories. I remembered my own college days, filled with cheers and adventures. How could I be so “cruel” to the young? The next morning, after waking up, I decided to make an apology first. As some dough on the kitchen table caught my attention, an idea flashed into my mind: Why not bake some sugar cookies? When I stood in front of his door, what I had said echoed (回响) in my mind. I took several deep breaths and knocked. The following seconds seemed like years for me. When the door finally opened, there was a surprised look on the boy’s face. “Hi... I think... I’ve done something really awful,” I apologized, with my face turning red. “I hope you can accept these...” I handed him the plate of cookies. He looked at the cookies and then at me. “How do you know I’m hungry now? This is the best snack!” he picked one up and took a bite. But the empty pizza box on his table and sauce on his mouth showed he had already had enough for lunch. Finally, we agreed to start over. Today, when I passed by the grassland, to my surprise, the ping-pong table was gone. When I got home, I found a box of chocolates in front of the door, with a note on it, which read “Enjoy my honest apology!” (1) Was the student’s ping-pong table popular among neighbours? (2) What did the author do to stop the noise caused by the table? (3) What made the author realize she was too rude to the student? (4) How did the author feel when standing at the student’s door again? (5) Why did the college student say the underlined sentences? (6) Who made apologies? Why does the author think the apologies are “sweet”? (At least 2 reasons) 3. 完形填空 On a cold winter evening, Mrs White and her daughter Emma were staying at home. Suddenly, the lights went out, leaving the room completely 1 . “Mum, what’s going on?” Emma called out loudly. “Don’t worry. The lights might come on soon,” Mrs White said 2 to comfort Emma. In a moment, a worker with a flashlight knocked at the door and said, “Excuse me, madam. There is a power cut across the neighbourhood. We have to 3 the building. Please follow me to the exit.” Mrs White and Emma wrapped up (裹紧) warm clothes and walked out. They met their neighbours in the hallway. Everyone was standing outside, talking and laughing about the sudden darkness. Mr Johnson, an old neighbour, was standing at his doorstep. “I can’t stand 4 in my room without heating,” he said, rubbing his hands together. A young neighbour invited everyone to his apartment. “Come in, please. I have some hot tea and snacks,” he said warmly. People shared stories and food. Even though it was cold outside, the atmosphere inside was full of warmth. As they were enjoying the 5 , night fell over the city. The air was cold, but Emma didn’t mind anymore. She had enjoyed a special evening with her neighbours. She smiled to herself and thought, “Getting along with neighbours makes life so much 6 .” From that day on, Emma decided to be more friendly to everyone in the community. She 7 that a simple act of kindness could bring people closer. Now, whenever she meets her neighbours, she always greets them with a big smile. And they often 8 greetings and help each other. Emma’s story tells us that a harmonious neighbourhood is built on mutual 9 and care. So never hesitate to show your kindness, because it can make a 10 to someone’s day. 1．A．cold B．dark C．crowded D．empty 2．A．angrily B．peacefully C．loudly D．strangely 3．A．open B．leave C．tidy D．visit 4．A．sitting B．standing C．sleeping D．eating 5．A．silence B．food C．meal D．game 6．A．harder B．easier C．better D．worse 7．A．realised B．forgot C．imagined D．promised 8．A．refuse B．avoid C．exchange D．ignore 9．A．respect B．doubt C．competition D．conflict 10．A．mistake B．difference C．mess D．plan 第 1 页 共 20 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Getting along 核心知识点精讲精练 3 (Developing ideas) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Developing ideas包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇、重难句型等核心知识点。 · 本资料包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空，单项填空等)与技能提升综合练习(阅读理解、完形填空或语篇填空等)。 1、 单元重点短语集锦 1. a fear of… 对…… 的恐惧 2. attend social events 参加社交活动 3. roller coaster 过山车 4. find out 查明；弄清楚 5. I guess 我想；我认为 6. what if 要是…… 怎么办 7. be afraid of 害怕…… 8. be busy with 忙于…… 9. have a problem with… 在…方面有问题 10. nothing special 没什么特别的 11. in the Qing Dynasty 在清朝 12. argue over/about 为…争论 13. the dividing line 分界线，界限 14. reach agreement 达成协议；取得一致意见 15. ask for advice 征求建议；求教 16. step back three chi 后退三尺 17. in return 作为回报，作为报酬 18. decide to do 决定做某事 19. give up 放弃 20. Hundreds of 数以百计的；成百上千的 21. since then 从那以后 22. keep ... in mind 把…放在心里，把...记在心上 2、 单元重点词汇解析 1. guess /ɡes/ v. 猜测，估计；猜对，猜到； [词汇搭配] I guess...我想...，我认为...；Guess what! 你猜！（引出令人惊奇或激动的事） have/make a guess (at sth.) (对某事)做猜测 [词汇例句] He guessed right/wrong .他猜对 / 错了。 I guess (that) you'll be looking for a new job now. 我想你现在要找新工作了吧。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Don’t stop reading when you meet a new word, you can ________ its meaning first. A．guess B．explain C．check D．write 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你遇到一个新单词时不要停止阅读，你可以先猜测它的意思。 guess猜测；explain解释；check检查；write写。根据“Don’t stop reading when you meet a new word”可知遇到生词不要停下来查阅，推测出可以先猜测其含义。 2. suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/ n.建议,提议 [词汇拓展] suggest (v.) 建议；表明，显示；advise(v.)建议；advice(n.)建议 [词汇搭配] make a suggestion 提出建议；at/on sb's suggestion根据某人的建议；在某人的提议下 [词汇用法] · suggestion和advice用作名词，suggestion用作可数名词，advice用作不可数名词。 如：I’d like to share with you some advice. 我想和你分享一些建议。 Any good suggestions? 还有一些好的建议？ · suggest和advise用作动词。“建议做某事”用suggest/advise doing...结构。 如：We suggest/advise putting off the meeting. 我们建议推迟会议。 · “建议某人做某事”用advise sb. to do结构，此结构中不可用suggest。 如：The doctor advised me to rest for some days. 医生建议我休息几天。 · suggest后还可以跟名词，表示“推荐，举荐”。 如：Mary suggested Beijing as the place for the coming holiday. 玛丽推荐北京作为即将到来的假期的地方。 · suggest和advise后均可以接宾语从句，且宾语从句的谓语动词要使用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”结构，should可以省略。 如：The teacher suggests that we (should)review the notes before the exam.老师建议我们考试前要复习笔记。 [随学随练] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) We suggested ________ (have) a picnic this weekend. 【答案】having 【详解】句意:我们建议这周末去野餐。 考查非谓语动词，suggest doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“建议做某事”，因此空格处应填动名词having。 (2) Thank you for giving me so many ________ (suggest). 【答案】suggestions 【详解】句意:我们建议这周末去野餐。 考查名词用法。suggest的名词形式为suggestion，且为可数名词。故填suggestions。 (3) She gave my mom some useful  ________ (advise). 【答案】advice 【详解】句意:她给了我妈妈一些有用的建议。 考查名词用法。advise的名词形式为advice，且为不可数名词。故填advice。 (4) My teacher advised me ________(take) notes while listening to the lecture on career planning. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意:我的老师建议我在听职业规划讲座时记笔记。 考查非谓语动词，根据题干可知，此处为固定短语advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”，应用动词不定式。故填to take。 (5) Mr. Green suggested that Millie ________ (go) to visit the local places of interest during summer holiday. 【答案】(should) go 【详解】句意:格林先生建议米莉在暑假期间去参观当地的名胜古迹 考查虚拟语气。suggest作“建议”时，后接宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即“(should)+动词原形”，should可省略。故填(should) do。 3. explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ v.解释,说明 [词汇拓展] explanation (n.)解释 [词汇搭配] explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 [词汇例句] First, I'll explain the rules of the game.首先我要说明一下游戏规则。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Can you ________ why you were late for school again? —Sorry, I got up late because my alarm didn’t go off. A．explain B．describe C．express D．expect 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能解释一下为什么又上学迟到吗？——抱歉，闹钟没响所以起晚了。 explain解释；describe描述；express表达；expect期待。根据下文“I got up late because my alarm didn’t go off”可知，“解释”迟到的原因，应填explain。 4. true /truː/ adj.真正的 [词汇拓展] truth (n.)真相；事实；truly (adv.)真正地；确实 [词汇搭配] a true story 真实的故事；true friends真正的朋友；come true(梦想等)实现 [词汇例句] He realized that true strength didn’t just come from size, but came from inside.  他意识 到，真正的力量不仅来自体型，还来自内心。  [随学随练] 用true的适当形式填空 (1) I find telling the truth can be hard sometimes. (2) You may think reading a dictionary is boring but it’s not true. (3) I truly enjoy helping students like you to learn new knowledge. (4) She’s the most truthful girl in our class. 5. respect /rɪˈspekt/ v.尊重,顾及; n. 尊敬；（事物的）方面，细节 [词汇拓展] disrespect(n.)不尊敬；无礼；respectful (adj.)表示敬意的，尊敬的 respected(adj.)受尊敬的；respectable (adj.)体面的，值得尊敬的 [词汇搭配] respect your feelings尊重你的感觉；show respect for...表示尊重，尊敬 have no respect for...不尊重；in respect of sth关于；就…而言 [词汇例句] I have the greatest respect for your brother.我非常尊敬你的哥哥。 I respect Jack's opinion on most subjects.在大多数事情上，我尊重杰克的意见。 [随学随练] 单项填空 It is important for us to ________ the old and take care of the young in life. A．respect B．treat C．pick D．practise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在生活中，尊重老人和照顾年轻人对我们来说很重要。 respect尊重；treat对待；pick捡起/挑选；practise练习。根据“take care of the young”以及“the old”可知，此处强调对老人的态度，应填“respect”，表示“尊重老人”。 6. narrow/ˈnærəʊ/adj.狭窄的；勉强的 [词汇拓展] narrowly(adv.)勉强地；狭隘地；narrowness(n.)狭窄 [词汇搭配] narrow lanes窄巷子；narrow streets狭窄的街道；a narrow victory 险胜 [词汇例句] There was only a narrow gap between the bed and the wall.床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Kids! The wooden bridge is too ________. You’d better cross it one by one. —OK, Miss Li. We will be very careful. A．long B．beautiful C．narrow D．large 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——孩子们！这座木桥太窄了。你们最好一个一个地过。——好的，李老师。我们会小心的。 考查形容词辨析。long长的；beautiful漂亮的；narrow窄的；large大的。根据对话中“You’d better cross it one by one.”和“We will be very careful.”可知，因为桥很窄，需要一个一个小心通过，故选C。 7. common /ˈkɒmən/ adj.常见的,普遍的;共同的 [词汇拓展] commonly (adj.) 通常地；普遍地 [词汇搭配] in common共同；a common plant一种常见的植物 [词汇例句] They share a common interest in photography. 他们在摄影方面兴趣相投。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 The twins (双胞胎) have something ________ common. Both of them are good at dancing. A．with B．by C．for D．in 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这对双胞胎有一些共同点。他们俩都长跳舞， 考查介词辨析。with和;by通过;for为了;in在.…里面。have something in common表示“有共同点”，固定搭配。故选D。 8. argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/v. 争论；争吵 [词汇拓展] argument (n.) 争论；争辩；argumentative (adj.) 爱争论的 [词汇搭配] argue with sb. 与某人争论；argue about/over sth. 为某事争论；argue against 反对 argue for 支持 [词汇例句] I don't want to argue with you ─ just do it! 我不想和你争辩——请干吧！ [随学随练] 单项填空 Li Lei argued ________ Liu Ming ________ the seat. A．with: about B．about; with C．with; for D．about; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：李雷就座位问题与李明发生争论。 考查动词短语和介词辨析。with和；about关于；for为了。argue with sb.“与某人争吵”；argue about sth.“争论某事”；argue with sb. about sth.“就某事和某人争吵”。故选A。 9. divide /dəˈvaɪd/ v.(把……)分开；除以；除 [词汇拓展] division(n.)分歧；分开；除法；divisive(adj.)造成不和的;引起分歧的 [词汇搭配] dividing line 分界线,界限；divide...into...把...分成；divide...from...把...和...隔开 divide thirty by six将30除以6 [词汇例句] It’s good to divide housework into different parts.把家务活分成不同的部分是件好事。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) If a task seems too difficult, you can ________ it into several small steps. A．memorize B．keep C．divide D．increase 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果一项任务看起来太难，你可以把它划分成几个小步骤。 memorize记忆；keep保持；divide分开，划分；increase增加。根据“into several small steps”可知，此处指把困难的任务分解成小步骤，divide...into... “把……分成……”是固定搭配，应填divide。 (2) To finish the work in time, the leader plans to divide the volunteers ________ different groups. A．with B．on C．into D．of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了及时完成这项工作，领队计划把志愿者分成不同的小组。 with和……一起；on 在……上面；into 到……里面；of……的。根据题干中的“divide the volunteers...different groups”可知，此处考查固定短语divide...into...，意为“把……分成……”，应填into。 10. reach /riːtʃ/ v. 实现,达成; 伸手,碰到,触及;到达,抵达;达到(某点),进入(某阶段); n.可达到的距离；(伸手)可及之距离 [词汇搭配] reach agreement达成一致; reach for 伸手触碰；reach a decision作出决定 reach out to sb表示对某人感兴趣；表示愿意提供援助 [词汇例句] Judy reached into her handbag and handed me a book.朱蒂把手伸进提包，递给我一本书。 [词汇辨析] arrive / get / reach表示“到达” · arrive表示“到达”，后加介词at或in，通常arrive at后接较小的地点；arrive in后接较大的地点。 They arrived in Nanjing at 5 p.m.. 他们下午5点抵达南京。 · get表示“到达”，后加介词to。 Walk along the road and you will get to your grandmother’s house soon.沿着这条路走，你很快就能到 你奶奶家。 · reach表示“到达”，后直接跟表示地点的名词或代词。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Could you tell me when you will ______ Tokyo? —I’m not sure. When I ________, I will call you. A．get; arrive B．arrive in; reach C．reach; arrive D．get to; arrive in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：---你能告诉我你什么时候到达东京吗？----我不确定。我到时给你打电话。考查动词辨析。get to，reach和arrive都有到达的意思，get to和reach是及物动词，后面跟名词或代词；arrive是不及物动词，当接地点名词或代词时，使用介词in（接大地方）或at（接小地方）。当接地点副词（there/here/home）时，使用get或arrive。Tokyo是地点名词，可知使用reach，get to或 arrive in；第二句没有宾语，使用不及物动词arrive；结合选项可知选C。 11. agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/ n.(意见的)一致,相合；协议，约定；赞成，同意 [词汇拓展] agree /əˈɡriː/ v.赞成；同意；disagree(v.)不同意；disagreement(n.)意见不一;分歧;争论 [词汇搭配] reach (an) agreement 达成一项协议，reach agreement达成一致，取得一致意见； in agreement意见一致；get one’s agreement获得某人的同意 [词汇用法] · agreement表示“一项具体的协议，协定”时，用作可数名词。 an international peace agreement国际和平协定 · agreement表示“达成协议，(意见，看法等)一致”时，表示的是一种状态，用作不可数名词。表示“赞成，同意”时，表示的是一种行为或事实，也用作不可数名词。 Are we in agreement about the price?对这个价格我们是否意见一致？ You'll have to get your parents' agreement if you want to go on the trip.你要想去旅行就必须征得父 母的同意。 [随学随练] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) There is no ________ (agree) between the two villages on the plan. 【答案】agreement 【详解】句意：两个村庄在这项方案上没有达成一致。句中“no”为形容词，后面需要接名词。动词agree对应的名词形式为agreement。 (2) I thought he would ________ (agree) with me. However, surprisingly, he agreed. 【答案】disagree 【详解】句意：我以为他会不同意我的观点。然而，出乎意料地，他同意了。However表示转折，结合“However, surprisingly, he agreed.”可知，此处指原以为他不会同意，应填动词disagree“不同意”，would为情态动词，后面跟动词原形。故填disagree。 (3) They agreed ________ (study) biology together every Tuesday afternoon. 【答案】to study 【详解】句意：他们约定每周二下午一同学习生物。agree to do sth.意为“同意做某事”，此处需要使用不定式结构作agreed的宾语，故填to study。 12. relative /ˈrelətɪv/ n. n.家人;亲戚；adj.相比较而言的；相对的 [词汇拓展] relatively(adv.)相当程度上；相当地；相对地；relate(v.)涉及，关于；相关 [词汇搭配] our relatives’ house我们亲戚家；relative to与…相比；与…有关 [词汇例句] He knows some facts relative to the case. 他知道一些与这个案件有关的事实。 [随学随练] 单项填空 On the first day of the Spring Festival, children usually put on new clothes and visit their ________. A．strangers B．relatives C．guests D．patients 【答案】B 【详解】句意：春节第一天，孩子们通常会穿上新衣服去拜访他们的亲戚。   考查名词辨析。strangers陌生人；relatives亲戚；guests客人；patients病人。根据春节的传统习俗，孩子们通常会拜访亲戚。故选B。 13. poem /ˈpəʊɪm/ n.诗;韵文 [词汇拓展] poet (n.) 诗人；poetry (n.) 诗歌（总称）；poetic (adj.) 诗意的；诗歌的 [词汇搭配] a poem by Li Bai 一首李白的诗；write a poem 写诗；read a poem 读诗 [词汇例句] The poem uses simple language.这首诗用语简单。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Many classic Chinese ________ are widely spread in the world. They are the symbols of Chinese culture. A．teams B．poems C．jokes D．magazines 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多经典的中国诗歌在世界上广泛传播。它们是中国文化的象征。 teams队伍；poems诗歌；jokes笑话；magazines杂志。根据“classic Chinese”及“symbols of Chinese culture”可知，中国古典诗歌是文化的象征且广泛传播，应填poems。 14. ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ adj.羞耻的,内疚的,惭愧的 [词汇拓展] shame(n.)羞耻,羞愧;令人惋惜的事; shameful(adj.)可耻的; 丢脸的 [词汇搭配] feel ashamed感到羞愧；be ashamed of...对...感到羞愧 be ashamed to do...因惭愧而不情愿；羞于 [词汇例句] She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party. 她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞 愧。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The prisoner came to realize that the cheating was so ________ that he ________ himself. A．shameful; felt ashamed at B．shameful; felt embarrassed of C．ashamed; felt shameful of D．shameful; felt ashamed of 【答案】D 【详解】句意：囚犯逐渐意识到行骗是如此可耻，他为自己感到羞耻。 考查形容词辨析。 shameful可耻的；ashamed感到羞愧的；embarrassed尴尬的。分析“The prisoner came to realize that the cheating was so...that he...himself.”可知，行骗是可耻的，自己感到羞愧。故选D。 15. step /step/ v.跨步,迈步; n.步骤；脚步； [词汇拓展] <过去式>stepped [词汇搭配] step back three chi退后三尺；step on the road to...踏上...之路 step on/off a bus上/下公共汽车；took a step towards...朝...迈了一步 take steps(to do)采取步骤(做某事)；mind your step走路小心 out of step of...和...想法不一致；step by step一步一步地 [词汇例句] He walked with a quick light step.他迈着轻快的步子走着。 We stepped carefully over the broken glass.我们小心翼翼地从碎玻璃上走了过去。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —I’m so tired. I just finished the 800-metre race. —You did a good job! Why not ________ and drink some water now? A．take a ride B．take a break C．take a step D．take a look 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我太累了。我刚刚完成800米赛跑。——你做得很好！为什么现在不休息一下喝点水呢？ 考查动词短语。take a ride搭便车；take a break休息一下；take a step迈出一步；take a look注视。根据“I just finished the 800-metre race.”可知，是休息一下喝点水。故选B。 (2) —Please mind your steps, sir. —________. A．It doesn’t matter B．Thanks a lot C．Never mind D．Take it easy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——请注意脚下，先生。——非常感谢。 考查情景交际。It doesn’t matter没关系；Thanks a lot非常感谢；Never mind没关系；Take it easy别紧张。根据“Please mind your steps, sir.”可知，这是别人的好意与关心，对于他人的好意与关心，要表示感谢。故选B。 16. act /ækt/ n.行为,行动,动作; v. 扮演；行动；充当；(对...)有作用 [词汇拓展] actor(n.)男演员；actress(n.)女演员；action(n.)行为，行动；acting(n.)表演 active(adj.)活跃的，积极的；activity(n.)活动 [词汇搭配] an act of kindness善行；act out 表演；act on按照...行事；act as扮演；充当；起作用 [词汇例句] A small wrong act can cause a big problem.一个小小的错误行为可能会引发大问题。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 — The members from the Drama Club will________ the play of Shakespeare next week. Would you like to go to see it with me?    — Yes, I’d like to. A．act on B．act out C．work on D．work out 【答案】B 【详解】句意:--莎士比亚的戏剧将于下周上演。你愿意和我一起去看吗?--是的，我愿意去。 考查短语辨析。act on按照...行事;acted out演出; work on从事,致力于;work out解决。根据 The members from the Drama Club________ the play of Shakespeare next week. 可知，戏剧社的成员将要表演莎士比亚的戏剧，结合选项，“acted out”符合句意。故选B。 17. same /seɪm/ adj.相同的 [词汇拓展] different(adj.)不同的 [词汇搭配] in the same class 在同一个班级；the same as...和...相同的 (the) same to you(回应问候、辱骂等)你也一样 [词汇用法] · same前通常会加冠词the。 Peter and Linda go to the same school. 彼得和琳达在同一所学校上学。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Learning history can help us avoid making the ________ mistakes in the future. A．simple B．same C．different D．difficult 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学习历史可以帮助我们避免今后重蹈覆辙。 考查形容词辨析。simple简单的；same相同的；different不同的；difficult困难的。根据“help us avoid making the ...mistakes in the future”和空前的the可知，此处为make the same mistakes，意为“重蹈覆辙”，故选B。 (2) —Can you tell the differences between these two pictures? —Differences? Oh, no. They look quite ________. A．similar B．different C．strange D．same 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能说出这两幅画的区别吗？——区别？哦，不。它们看起来很相似。 考查形容词词义辨析。similar相似的；different不同的；strange奇怪的；same相同的。根据答语“Differences? Oh, no.”可知，这两幅画没有什么区别。所以它们看起来很“相似”，选项A符合语境。look similar意为“看起来相似”，此处look是系动词，后跟形容词similar作表语。故选A。 18. another /əˈnʌðə/ det.另一,又一 [词汇搭配] another one另一个；one another相互，彼此；another time其他时间 [词汇用法] · another 指同类的另一个人或事物，后面常跟可数名词单数等。 another也可以用于“another+数词+复数名词”结构，相当于“数词+more+复数名词”结构。 Would you like another cup of coffee? 还想喝一杯咖啡吗？ Could you give me another two chairs (two more chairs)? 您还能再给我两把椅子吗？ · other 指不同类的人或事物，通常后接可数名词复数形式，或接不可数名词。 Are there any other questions?还有其他问题没有？ · 当谈论数个人或事物中剩余的部分时，通常用the others。 Some students are drawing. And the others are talking. 一些学生在画画。其他的学生在聊天。 · 当谈论泛指的复数的其他人或其他事物时，用others。 Don’t talk to others in the street. 在大街上不要和其他人说话。 · 用the other或the other one谈论两个人或事物中的第二个。 I’ve got two brothers.One is a doctor, and the other one is a teacher. 我有两个哥哥。一个是医生，另一个是 老师。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Mum, I’m still hungry. I’d like to have ________. A．two another cakes B．more two cakes C．other two cakes D．another two cakes 【答案】D 【详解】句意:妈妈，我仍然很累。我想要再吃两块蛋糕。考查代词和数词用法。another另一个，常用于another+数字+名词-数字+more+名词;other另外的，后跟名词，数词修饰时，放在other前面，表示“另外几个.…”，故排除C;故another two cakes最符合。故选D。 (2) This T-shirt is too big for me. Can you show me ________ one? A．other B．another C．others D．the other 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这条裙子太长了。你能给我看另外一条吗? 考查代词辨析。other其他的，后跟名词复数;another三者及以上的另一个;others其他人/事物;the other两者中的另一个。根据空后的“one”可知，此处作定语修饰单数one，指泛指的另外一条。故选B。 (3) He has two uncles. ________ is a doctor and ________ is a driver. A．One; the other B．One; another C．Another; other D．One; other 【答案】A 【详解】句意:他有两个叔叔。一个是医生，另一个是司机。 考查代词。one一个;the other两者中的另一个;another泛指三者及以上的另一个;other其他的，后面一般会用名词的复数。根据“He has two uncles”可知，是指两者。此处是结构one..the other“一个.另一个”，故选A。 (4) —Mum, I can only see one of my shoes, but where is ________ shoe?    —Under the bed! A．the other B．another C．other D．one 【答案】A 【详解】句意:--妈妈，我只能看到我其中的一只鞋，但是另一只在哪里?--在床底下! 考查不定代词辨析。the other两者中的另一个;another三者及以上的另一个;other其他的，后常加名词复数;one一个，指同类中的一个。根据“I can only see one of my shoes, but where is.. shoe”可知，鞋子有两只，此处是指两者中的另一个，应用the other。故选A。 19. pass /pɑːs/ v.过去,流逝; 及格；通过，经过；递，给；传(球); n. 及格；通行证 [词汇搭配] pass the exam 通过考试；train pass 火车通行证 pass sth. to sb.=pass sb. sth. 把某物递给某人；pass by通过；经过（…旁边） pass away去世；pass out昏迷；失去知觉；pass down使世代相传；流传 [词汇例句] He worked hard and finally passed the math exam. 他努力学习，终于通过了数学考试。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中pass的中文意思 (1) The children passed the time playing in the streets. (v.)度过，打发(时间) (2) He passed the library door. (v.)通过，经过 (3) You should pass the ball back to your partner. (v.)传(球) (4) She got a pass in French. (n.)及格 (5) Please pass me the salt. (v.)递给 (6) The famous scientist passed away last month. 去世 (7) The girl passed out in the PE class. 昏迷 (8) We should know more about paper-cutting and pass down this traditional art form. 使世代相传；流传 20. whenever /wenˈevə/ conj.每当 [词汇拓展] whatever无论什么；whoever无论谁；wherever无论哪里 [词汇用法] · whenever可用于引导状语从句，表示“每当；在任何…的时候”，可与no matter when互换使用。 You can ask for help whenever you need it.你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) You will always be welcome whenever you come. A．whilever B．no matter when C．whatever D．no matter while 【答案】B 【详解】句意：无论你什么时候来，我们都欢迎你。 考查连词。whilever无此表达；no matter when无论什么时候；whatever无论什么；no matter while无此表达。whenever=no matter when表示“无论何时”，引导让步状语从句，故选B。 (2) My English used to be very poor. __________ I wanted to give up, Dad would encourage me to work harder. A．However B．Whatever C．Whenever D．Wherever 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的英语过去很差。每当想放弃的时候，爸爸都会鼓励我更加努力地学习。A. However然而，表示转折；B. Whatever无论什么, 表示事物；C. Whenever无论什么时候，表示时间；D. Wherever无论哪里，表示地点。根据语境可知，表示时间，本句为whenever引导时间状语从句。故选C。 3、 重难句型解析 1. (教材原句)What if they never...again?要是他们再也不…怎么办呢？ What if...？表示“要是…会怎么样呢？”，用于提出假设性问题或表达担忧、建议等。 例如：What if the train is late?火车要是晚点会怎么样呢？ 2. (教材原句)And so came the six-chi-wide lane between the two houses.于是，两家之间便形成了一条六尺宽的小巷。 此句的主语是“the six-chi-wide lane between the two houses”，谓语动词是came，为不及物动词，此句无宾语，为了防止头重脚轻，将状语so提前，而将主语置于谓语之后形成了倒装。 例如：On the top of the mountain stood a tall tower. 山顶耸立着一座高塔。 3. (教材原句)Hundreds of years have passed since then, and the lane is still there.从那时起，几百年过去了，这条小巷依然存在。 · since意为“自从…以来；自从…之后”，后接表示时间点的词或短语，常与现在完成时连用。since then意为“自那以后，从那之后”。 如：We haven’t met each other since he moved to London.自从他搬到伦敦后，我们就没见过面。 · hundreds of表示“成百上千的，数百的”。hundred表示具体的数量时，其前用基数词，且hundred不用复数形式。 如：Two hundred students took part in the activity. 两百名学生参加了此次活动。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Your reading habit makes you feel relaxed every day. —Yes, I ________ this good habit since Grade Seven. A．keep B．kept C．have kept D．will keep 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你的阅读习惯让你每天都感到放松。——是的，我从七年级起就保持着这个好习惯。 根据题干“since Grade Seven”表示从过去持续到现在的时段，应用现在完成时，应填have kept。 (2) —Our school library is a great place with over nine ________ books. —Yes. And ________ of students come to borrow books every term. A．hundred; hundreds B．hundreds; hundreds C．hundreds; hundred D．hundred; hundred 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们学校图书馆是一个拥有超过九百本书的好地方。——是的。每学期有数百名学生来借书。   数词+ hundred表示具体数字（如nine hundred）；hundreds of表示“数百的”，为固定搭配。第一空前有“nine”，表示具体数字，应用hundred；第二空表示概数，应用hundreds of结构。 4、 基础知识综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) We enjoyed ourselves while walking slowly along the ________ (狭窄的) streets in Fenghuang Ancient Town. 【答案】narrow 【详解】句意：我们沿着凤凰古城狭窄的街道慢慢散步，玩得很开心。根据汉语提示可知，narrow意为“狭窄的”，形容词，此处修饰名词streets，故填narrow。 (2) Whether at home or workplace, social robots will become c________ (常见的) in the next few years. 【答案】(c)ommon 【详解】句意：无论是在家里还是在工作场所，社交机器人将在未来几年变得很常见。common“常见的”，形容词作表语。故填(c)ommon。 (3) My parents never ________ (争论) with each other about small things at home. 【答案】argue 【详解】句意：我的父母从不在家里为小事争吵。主语My parents为复数，且never表明是一般现在时，动词用原形。“争论”的英文表达为argue。 (4) Jen will d________ (把……分开) the cake into small pieces at the party. 【答案】divide/ivide 【详解】句意：Jen将在派对上把蛋糕分成小块。divide“把……分开”，will后跟动词原形。故填divide。 (5) They couldn’t ________ ________ (达成一致). 【答案】 reach agreement 【详解】句意：他们不能达成一致。根据所给空格数及中文可知，此处用reach agreement表示“达成一致”，couldn’t后接动词原形，故填reach；agreement。 (6) She accidentally ________（跨步）on my foot and said sorry to me. 【答案】stepped 【详解】句意：她不小心踩了我的脚，向我道歉。根据提示词“跨步”可知，是动词step，此处作谓语；根据“said”可知，此句为一般过去时态，step的过去式为双写p加ed。故填stepped。 (7) Her kind ________ (行为) made everyone feel happy yesterday. 【答案】act/acts/action/actions 【详解】句意：她的友善行为昨天让每个人都感到开心。act作名词时，有“行为、行动”的意思；action也表示“行为、行动” 。此处“Her kind...”后需要一个名词，且没有明确的数量限定词表明是一个行为还是多个行为，所以单复数形式都可以。故填act(s)/action(s)。 (8) We should ________ (尊重) the opinions of others even if we don’t agree with them. 【答案】respect 【详解】句意：我们应当尊重他人的观点，即便我们不同意他们的看法。动词respect对应中文提示“尊重”，情态动词should后接动词原形。故填respect。 (9) After I realized how much I had hurt her feelings, I felt deeply ________ (感到羞耻的) for the rude words I had said to her. 【答案】ashamed 【详解】句意：当我意识到自己深深地伤害了她的感情之后，我为自己对她说过的粗鲁话语深感羞愧。设空处在系动词felt后作表语，需填形容词，ashamed意为“感到羞愧的”，故填ashamed。 (10) My friend always lends me a helping hand ________ (每当) I have problems. 【答案】whenever 【详解】句意：每当我遇到困难，我的朋友总会伸出援手。空格处需要填入连词表达“每当”，用whenever引导时间状语从句，符合句子语境。 (11) I lost my train ________ (票) and had to buy another one. 【答案】ticket 【详解】句意：我弄丢了我的火车票，只好又买了一张。句中空格处与train一起构成名词短语，作lost的宾语。中文提示“票”对应英文名词ticket，为可数名词。前有my修饰，且下文another one提示此处指“一张票”，应用单数形式。故填ticket。 (12) As time p________ (流逝), we are becoming better at English little by little. 【答案】passes/asses 【详解】句意：随着时间流逝，我们的英语正在一点点变得更好。句中“As time ______”表示“随着时间流逝”，是固定搭配，主语time为第三人称单数，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，动词需使用第三人称单数形式。pass的第三人称单数形式为passes。 (13) Chinese people usually visit their ________ (亲戚) during the Spring Festival. 【答案】relatives 【详解】句意：中国人通常在春节期间拜访他们的亲戚。“relative”意为“亲戚”，此处需用复数形式表泛指。故填relatives。 (14) She wrote a beautiful ________ (诗) to express her love for nature. 【答案】poem 【详解】句意：她写了一首优美的诗来表达对自然的热爱。poem意为 “诗”，前面有不定冠词a，用单数形式，符合语境。 (15) If she doesn’t know the fact, she g_______ (猜测) and often gets it right. 【答案】guesses/uesses 【详解】句意：如果她不知道事实，她会猜测，而且经常能猜对。“猜测”对应单词guess，句子主语是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，guess在句中作谓语，动词需变为guesses。 (16) Our teacher asked if anyone had a good ________ (建议) for the class trip. 【答案】suggestion 【详解】句意：我们老师问有没有人对班级出游有好的建议。空前有不定冠词“a”，因此需填可数名词单数。根据汉语提示，表示“建议”的可数名词常用suggestion。 (17) This morning Miss Li asked me to ________ (解释) why I was late. I just couldn’t say anything. 【答案】explain 【详解】句意：今天早上李老师让我解释我为什么迟到。我当时什么都说不出来。explain“解释”，动词，ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，固定搭配，to后接动词原形。故填explain。 (18) A t________（真正的）friend will always be there when you are unhappy. 【答案】(t)rue 【详解】句意：当你不开心的时候，一个真正的朋友会一直在你身边。空格在不定冠词和名词之间，填形容词；true“真正的”；故填(t)rue。 (19) Local ________ (政府) regard developing tourism as a new growth point of the economy. 【答案】governments 【详解】句意：当地政府把发展旅游业视为经济的新增长点。句中空格处与Local一起构成主语，应填名词。中文提示“政府”对应英文government，为可数名词。根据谓语regard可知主语应为复数governments。 (20) One of the _________ (邻居) complained about the noise from the party. 【答案】neighbors 【详解】句意：其中一位邻居抱怨派对上的噪音。根据“One of the”提示，后接可数名词复数形式。“邻居”为名词neighbor，其复数形式是neighbors。 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者填上合适的介词。 (1) Before you are invited to a foreign friend’s house, you can ask for ________ (suggest) online. 【答案】suggestions 【详解】句意：在你受邀去外国朋友家之前，你可以在网上寻求建议。此处在句中作ask for的宾语，需用名词形式。suggest为动词，其名词形式为suggestion。在网上寻求建议通常是指获取多条建议，应该用复数形式suggestions。 (2) I think no one can ________ (true) understand how much I love these stories. 【答案】truly 【详解】句意：我想没有人能真正理解我有多爱这些故事。空格处需要修饰动词understand，故填true的副词形式truly。 (3) Claire and I have one thing ________ common: We are both good at tennis. 【答案】in 【详解】句意：克莱尔和我有一个共同点：我们都擅长网球。根据“We are both good at tennis”可知我们有一个共同点，have sth. in common“有共同点”。故填in。 (4) We had an ________ with the waiter about the bill. (argue) 【答案】argument 【详解】句意：我们和服务员就账单问题发生了一场争吵。an修饰名词的单数形式，argument“争吵”，have an argument with“与……发生争执”，故填argument。 (5) The ________ (divide) line between the two countries runs along the river. 【答案】dividing 【详解】句意：两国之间的分界线沿着这条河流延伸。空格后“line”是名词，需要形容词作定语，divide的形容词形式为dividing“划分的；分界的”，固定搭配dividing line意为“分界线”。 (6) After hours of discussion, the two teams finally reached an _________ (agree) on the cooperation plan. 【答案】agreement 【详解】句意：经过数小时的讨论，两队最终就合作方案达成了协议。不定冠词an，后面必须接可数名词单数。固定搭配：reach an agreement“达成协议，达成共识”，所以填agreement。 (7) Sandy will come back to Shanghai and visit her ________ (relative). 【答案】relative/relatives 【详解】句意：桑迪将回到上海看望她的亲戚。根据“her”可知，横线处需填名词，relative“亲戚”，此处既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。故填relative/relatives。 (8) Tom felt ________ (shame) because he forgot to finish his homework again. 【答案】ashamed 【详解】句意：汤姆感到很羞愧，因为他又忘了完成作业。shame“羞愧”，此处应是表达“感到羞愧的”，需用形容词ashamed“感到羞愧的”作表语，描述人的感受。故填ashamed。 (9) I heard the door close behind me shortly after I ________ (step) out to water flowers. 【答案】stepped 【详解】句意：我刚走出去浇花就听见身后的门关上了。整个句子描述过去发生的事件，主句谓语动词heard是一般过去式，after引导的时间状语从句的动作也发生在过去，因此从句动词要用一般过去时。step是重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，变过去式需要双写末尾辅音字母p再加-ed，故填stepped。 (10) Our hometown ________ (change) a lot since I left here ten years ago. 【答案】has changed 【详解】句意：自从我十年前离开这里，我们的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。句中“since I left here ten years ago”是现在完成时的时间标志，现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词。主语Our hometown是单数，助动词用has。 3. 单项填空。 (1) — Would you like to go to the cinema with me this Friday? — Sorry, I’m going to see my grandparents. Let’s make it ________ day. A．other B．the other C．another D．others 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--你想要和我这周五去电影院吗?--对不起，我将去看我的祖父母。我们约在另外一天吧。考查代词。other其他的，形容词，后接名词复数。the other两者中的另外一个。another三者或三者以上的另外一个others其他的人或物。根据句意，应该三者或三者以上的的另一天。故选C。 (2) —There are three kinds of tea at home. Which is Dad’s favourite? —Hmm. I ________ it’s Longjing tea. But I’m not sure. A．find B．know C．guess D．wish 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——家里有三种茶。爸爸最喜欢哪一种？——嗯。我猜测是龙井茶。但我不确定。 find发现；know知道；guess猜测；wish希望。根据答语后句“But I’m not sure.”可知说话者不确定爸爸最喜欢哪种茶，因此是在进行猜测。应填guess。 (3) —Doctor Zhang ________ the old man to exercise for at least half an hour every day. —I think it’s a good ________ for him. A．suggests; suggestion B．suggests; advice C．advises; advice D．advises; suggestion 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——张医生建议这位老人每天至少锻炼半小时。——我认为这对他来说是一个好的建议。 suggest建议，动词，suggest doing sth.建议做某事；suggestion建议，可数名词；advise建议，动词，advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事；advice建议，不可数名词。根据“Doctor Zhang... the old man to exercise”，此处为固定短语advise +sb.+to do sth.，主语是Doctor Zhang，动词应用单数第三人称形式，应用advises；根据“a good...”，此处需用可数名词单数，应用suggestion。 (4) My friend and I have ________ interests in reading, so we often go to the library together. A．same B．different C．common D．special 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我和我的朋友在阅读方面有共同的兴趣，所以我们经常一起去图书馆。 same相同的；different不同的；common共同的，共有的；special特别的。根据后半句“so we often go to the library together”可知，两人阅读爱好一致。same前面必须加the，此处缺少the，不能选；different含义和句子逻辑矛盾；special代入句子语义不通。have common interests是固定搭配，表示拥有共同的兴趣，应填common。 (5) Don’t ________ with your parents about small things. A．respect B．argue C．reach D．divide 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要因为小事和你的父母争吵。 respect尊重；argue争吵；reach到达；divide分开。根据“with your parents about small things”可知，此处是建议不要因琐事与父母发生争执，argue with sb. about sth.意为“因某事与某人争吵”，符合语境，应填argue。 (6) —How is the meeting going right now? —Good. After a pretty heated discussion, they reached a(n) ________ finally. A．discovery B．agreement C．difference D．message 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——会议现在进展如何？——很好。经过一番激烈的讨论，他们最终达成了一致意见。 discovery发现；agreement协议；一致意见；difference差异；message要旨。根据语境可知会议进展顺利，经过讨论后最终达成了共识，固定搭配reach an agreement意为“达成一致”。 (7) She felt __________ when she realized she had been selfish. A．ashamed B．cheerful C．uncertain D．priceless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当她意识到自己曾那么自私时，她感到羞愧。 考查形容词辨析。ashamed羞愧的；cheerful 高兴的；uncertain不确定的；priceless无价的。根据“she realized she had been selfish.”可知，意识到自私行为通常会引发羞愧或内疚的情感，故选A。 (8) —What was happening just before the police ________ here? —I am not sure but when I walked ________ them, I saw a homeless lady crying sadly here. A．reached; passed B．got to; past C．arrived at; passed D．arrived; past 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——警察来之前发生了什么？ ——我不确定，但当我走过他们身边时，我看到一位无家可归的女士在这里悲伤地哭泣。 考查动词辨析。reached到达，及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词；got to到达，后面跟地点名词；arrived到达，不及物动词，常与at/in连用；passed通过，动词；past经过，介词。第一空，“here”为地点副词，前面不能有介词，排除BD选项；第二空，根据“I am not sure but when I walked...them”可知，此处应填介词，walk past表示“走过”。故选D。 (9) —My mum always reminds me to drink enough water every day. —It’s ________, but it helps you stay healthy. A．a valuable lesson B．a good choice C．a small act D．a necessary task 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我妈妈总是提醒我每天喝足够的水。——这是一个小小的举动，但它帮助你保持健康。 a valuable lesson宝贵的一课；a good choice一个好的选择；a small act一个小的举动；a necessary task一个必不可少的任务。根据转折连词“but”可知，前后分句语意存在对比关系。后半句强调对健康有益，前半句应体现看似微不足道，从而形成“事小益大”的逻辑。应填a small act。 (10) —What are you going to do at the weekend? —________. I’ll watch a movie, but I’m not sure. A．Exactly B．Perhaps C．Really D．Finally 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你周末打算做什么？——也许。我要去看电影，但我不确定。 Exactly确切地；Perhaps也许；Really真正地；Finally最后。根据答语中“but I’m not sure”可知说话者对计划不确定，表示推测。 5、 技能提升综合练习 1. 阅读理解 A Mr. Hatch lived a lonely life. He walked alone to work every day and ate his lunch alone in a corner. He never smiled. He never talked to anyone on his way home. In the evening he would read a newspaper and go to bed early. His life changed, however, when he got a heart-shaped box full of chocolate in the mail (信箱) one day, along with a piece of paper that said, “Somebody loves you.” At first, he couldn’t believe it, but as he read the message, he began to laugh and dance around. The message opened his mind to realize the power of love. Soon he found himself being glad. He began to enjoy work and help out people in the neighbourhood. As the days and weeks went by, his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love touched everyone around him. Later, Mr. Hatch found out that the heart-shaped box belonged (属于) to somebody else. It was a mistake. He felt sad and went back to his old ways. When his neighbours found out, however, they decided not to lose the light he shared. They surprised him with a party and a long banner (条幅) that read, “Everybody loves Mr. Hatch.” Mr. Hatch cried when he knew that somebody loved him after all. Then he laughed, smiled and hugged his friends. We all have a little bit of Mr. Hatch in us. At times we all feel unloved. However, somebody does love us. (1) What changed Mr. Hatch’s life? A．He fell in love with someone. B．He read a fun story in the newspaper. C．He got a gift box with a love message. D．He made some heart-shaped chocolate. (2) Why did Mr. Hatch feel sad and go back to his old ways again? A．Because he made a mistake. B．Because he fell out of love with someone later. C．Because people around him didn’t like his changes. D．Because he found out the truth about the chocolate box. (3) According to the passage, what is the light that Mr. Hatch shared? A．The love from the people in the neighbourhood. B．The changes that touched the people around him. C．The party that the neighbours held for him. D．The box of heart-shaped chocolate that he got. (4) What does the writer really mean by the underlined sentence? A．A “mistake” can change someone’s life. B．Everyone may feel sad sometimes in life. C．Everyone of us has the same experience as Mr. Hatch. D．We may sometimes feel unloved but somebody does love us. 【答案】(1)C (2)D (3)B (4)D 【导语】本文主要讲述了Hatch先生原本过着孤独的生活，因收到一份误寄的充满爱意的礼物而变得快乐善良，感动了周围的人。当得知真相后他重回孤独，但邻居们用爱让他明白始终有人爱着他，探讨了爱的力量对我们每个人的意义。 【详解】 (1) 根据第二段“His life changed, however, when he got a heart-shaped box full of chocolate in the mail (信箱) one day, along with a piece of paper that said, ’Somebody loves you.‘”可知，Hatch先生的人生转变始于某天收到一个装满巧克力的心形礼盒，附带写有“有人爱着你”的纸条，对应C选项“He got a gift box with a love message.”。 (2) 根据第三段“Later, Mr. Hatch found out that the heart-shaped box belonged (属于) to somebody else. It was a mistake. He felt sad and went back to his old ways.”可知，Hatch先生后来发现这个心形巧克力盒原本属于别人，是送错的，知晓真相后他十分难过，又变回了往日孤独的状态，对应D选项“Because he found out the truth about the chocolate box.”。 (3) 根据第二段“As the days and weeks went by, his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love touched everyone around him.”可知，Hatch先生转变后展现出的欢笑、善意与幸福感等改变，打动了身边所有人，此处邻居们不愿失去的他分享的“光”，正是这些触动了周围人的积极转变，对应B选项“The changes that touched the people around him.”。 (4) 根据最后一段“We all have a little bit of Mr. Hatch in us. At times we all feel unloved. However, somebody does love us.”可知，划线句子的意思是虽然有时我们感觉不被爱，但确实有人爱我们，对应D选项“We may sometimes feel unloved but somebody does love us.”。 B We all want to be liked. Sometimes, this means we might say or do something that doesn’t feel right because we want to please someone else. However, it’s important to learn how to be truer to ourselves and become comfortable saying “no”. This is called setting boundaries (边界). Setting boundaries is being honest and respectful about what you like and dislike. That makes you more likely to speak and behave in ways that are true to your feelings. Dr Rekha Vara, a clinical psychologist who helps people care for their mental (心理的) health, explains that you can think of boundaries as a range (范围). Vara says, “The middle of this range is the healthy space. That’s the best, neither too rigid (死板的) nor too floppy. It’s not good to avoid getting close to people. And it’s not healthy if you want to make everyone happy.” Setting boundaries allows you to “protect” yourself. They help you feel safe and respected. If you don’t have boundaries, some people may take advantage of you because they don’t know or understand what is and isn’t acceptable. Vara says pleasing other people “can become a habit” and then they expect you to do what they want every time. It’s also important to remember that you don’t have to explain your boundaries—there’s nothing wrong with saying “no”. Learning to set boundaries also helps us to respect other people’s boundaries and develop healthy relationships. Everyone’s boundaries are different and that’s OK. The things that are not a big deal to you might be important to others. Vara says, “You might not be too bothered about seeing the film your friend picked because you enjoy being with your friends. Another friend might choose not to come because they are bothered about the film choice. It’s important to find a balance in our friendships so that we remain open towards others and protective of ourselves, too.” (1) How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling stories. B．By asking questions. C．By using a saying. D．By showing something in common. (2) Which of the following can show “the healthy space” in Paragraph 2? (x=boundaries，y=mental health，a=the healthy space) A． B． C． D． (3) What can we learn about people with floppy boundaries from the passage? A．They always know what they want in relationships. B．They may lose themselves by pleasing others too much. C．They are good at protecting their own feelings. D．They prefer to stay alone rather than meet people. (4) Which of the following statements may help to set healthy boundaries? A．It’s all up to you, and I will do whatever you want. B．I like this film, so you have to watch it with me. C．We have different ideas about this and that’s not OK. D．That sounds fun for you, but I’m not comfortable with that. (5) Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Setting Boundaries—Being Honest to Say “No” B．Setting Boundaries—Being Glad to Accept “No” C．Setting Boundaries—The Best Way to Keep Healthy D．Setting Boundaries—Respecting Yourself and Others 【答案】(1)D (2)C (3)B (4)D (5)D 【导语】本文介绍设立人际边界的含义，说明健康的边界既不死板也不过度退让，它可以保护自己，也帮助我们尊重他人、建立健康的人际关系。 【详解】 (1)文章开头“We all want to be liked.”提出人们普遍都希望被他人喜欢，展示大家共有的情况，以此引出话题。 (2)原文第二段“Vara says, ‘The middle of this range is the best, neither too rigid nor too floppy.’”指出边界在区间中间位置为最佳健康状态，边界太靠近两端（过于死板或过于松散），心理健康状态都会变差，C图曲线中间最高点代表最优健康空间，符合文意。 (3)原文第三段“If you don’t have boundaries, some people may take advantage of you because they don’t know or understand what is and isn’t acceptable. Vara says pleasing other people ‘can become a habit’ and then they expect you to do what they want every time.”指出边界过于松散的人习惯不断取悦他人，容易丢失自我，对应B选项。 (4)原文第二段“Setting boundaries is being honest and respectful about what you like and dislike.”指出设立边界需要诚实表达自身感受同时尊重他人。 (5)原文第四段“Learning to set boundaries also helps us to respect other people’s boundaries and develop healthy relationships.”指出设立边界既要保护尊重自己，也要尊重他人的边界。D选项完整概括全文主旨。 2. 任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Sweet apologies Last week, I found myself in a difficult situation with my new neighbour. He was a college student who had just moved in across the street and brought a ping-pong table with him. He put it in the grassland for public use and it soon became a favorite place for many in the community. However, in the following days, the noise from the games never stopped. Whenever there was a game, the crowd cheered loudly, and the noise nearly drove me mad. I went to the boy’s house and told him that the table had to go, but he didn’t take it well. He asked who I was and why I was telling him what to do. “A neighbour who is bothered by your table!” I shouted at him. My husband pulled me away. At home, I sat on the sofa, still feeling angry. Suddenly, a picture on the wall came into view. It was taken at my college graduation ceremony. Seeing it brought back a flood of memories. I remembered my own college days, filled with cheers and adventures. How could I be so “cruel” to the young? The next morning, after waking up, I decided to make an apology first. As some dough on the kitchen table caught my attention, an idea flashed into my mind: Why not bake some sugar cookies? When I stood in front of his door, what I had said echoed (回响) in my mind. I took several deep breaths and knocked. The following seconds seemed like years for me. When the door finally opened, there was a surprised look on the boy’s face. “Hi... I think... I’ve done something really awful,” I apologized, with my face turning red. “I hope you can accept these...” I handed him the plate of cookies. He looked at the cookies and then at me. “How do you know I’m hungry now? This is the best snack!” he picked one up and took a bite. But the empty pizza box on his table and sauce on his mouth showed he had already had enough for lunch. Finally, we agreed to start over. Today, when I passed by the grassland, to my surprise, the ping-pong table was gone. When I got home, I found a box of chocolates in front of the door, with a note on it, which read “Enjoy my honest apology!” (1) Was the student’s ping-pong table popular among neighbours? (2) What did the author do to stop the noise caused by the table? (3) What made the author realize she was too rude to the student? (4) How did the author feel when standing at the student’s door again? (5) Why did the college student say the underlined sentences? (6) Who made apologies? Why does the author think the apologies are “sweet”? (At least 2 reasons) 【答案】(1)Yes, it was. (2)She went to the boy’s house and told him that the table had to go. (3)A picture of her college graduation ceremony. (4)Nervous. (5)To make the author feel better and show his willingness to accept the apology. (6)Both the author and the college student made apologies. The author thinks the apologies are “sweet” because the student accepted her apology kindly, easing the tension and showing understanding. And the student apologized in return with chocolates and a note, and removed the ping-pong table, showing his sincerity. 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者与邻居大学生因乒乓球桌噪音问题发生冲突，后通过回忆自己的大学生活意识到自己的行为过于苛刻，最终通过道歉和送糖饼干的方式与邻居和解的故事。 【详解】 (1)根据“He put it in the grassland for public use and it soon became a favorite place for many in the community.”可知，他把乒乓球桌放在草地上供大家使用，很快它就成了社区里许多人最喜欢的地方，故乒乓球桌在邻居中很受欢迎。故填Yes, it was. (2)根据“I went to the boy’s house and told him that the table had to go”可知，作者去男孩家要求他搬走乒乓球桌。故填She went to the boy’s house and told him that the table had to go. (3)根据“Suddenly, a picture on the wall came into view. It was taken at my college graduation ceremony.”可知，作者看到大学毕业典礼的照片后意识到自己对年轻人太苛刻了。故填A picture of her college graduation ceremony. (4)根据“When I stood in front of his door, what I had said echoed in my mind. I took several deep breaths and knocked.”可知，当我站在他门前时，我说过的话在脑海中回响。我深吸了几口气，然后敲门，故作者站在学生门前时感到紧张。故填Nervous. (5)根据“he picked one up and took a bite. But the empty pizza box on his table and sauce on his mouth showed he had already had enough for lunch.”可知，大学生看到作者带着饼干来道歉，为了让作者感觉好一些，也为了表示接受道歉，所以即使他已经吃过午饭，还是假装很饿，说这是最好的零食。故填To make the author feel better and show his willingness to accept the apology. (6)根据“I apologized”和“When I got home, I found a box of chocolates in front of the door, with a note on it, which read ‘Enjoy my honest apology!’”可知，作者和大学生都做出了道歉。通读全文可知，作者认为道歉是“甜蜜的”，因为学生友好地接受了她的道歉，缓解了紧张局势，表现出理解。这名学生回赠了巧克力和一张纸条作为道歉，并移走了乒乓球桌，以示诚意。故填Both the author and the college student made apologies. The author thinks the apologies are “sweet” because the student accepted her apology kindly, easing the tension and showing understanding. And the student apologized in return with chocolates and a note, and removed the ping-pong table, showing his sincerity. 3. 完形填空 On a cold winter evening, Mrs White and her daughter Emma were staying at home. Suddenly, the lights went out, leaving the room completely 1 . “Mum, what’s going on?” Emma called out loudly. “Don’t worry. The lights might come on soon,” Mrs White said 2 to comfort Emma. In a moment, a worker with a flashlight knocked at the door and said, “Excuse me, madam. There is a power cut across the neighbourhood. We have to 3 the building. Please follow me to the exit.” Mrs White and Emma wrapped up (裹紧) warm clothes and walked out. They met their neighbours in the hallway. Everyone was standing outside, talking and laughing about the sudden darkness. Mr Johnson, an old neighbour, was standing at his doorstep. “I can’t stand 4 in my room without heating,” he said, rubbing his hands together. A young neighbour invited everyone to his apartment. “Come in, please. I have some hot tea and snacks,” he said warmly. People shared stories and food. Even though it was cold outside, the atmosphere inside was full of warmth. As they were enjoying the 5 , night fell over the city. The air was cold, but Emma didn’t mind anymore. She had enjoyed a special evening with her neighbours. She smiled to herself and thought, “Getting along with neighbours makes life so much 6 .” From that day on, Emma decided to be more friendly to everyone in the community. She 7 that a simple act of kindness could bring people closer. Now, whenever she meets her neighbours, she always greets them with a big smile. And they often 8 greetings and help each other. Emma’s story tells us that a harmonious neighbourhood is built on mutual 9 and care. So never hesitate to show your kindness, because it can make a 10 to someone’s day. 1．A．cold B．dark C．crowded D．empty 2．A．angrily B．peacefully C．loudly D．strangely 3．A．open B．leave C．tidy D．visit 4．A．sitting B．standing C．sleeping D．eating 5．A．silence B．food C．meal D．game 6．A．harder B．easier C．better D．worse 7．A．realised B．forgot C．imagined D．promised 8．A．refuse B．avoid C．exchange D．ignore 9．A．respect B．doubt C．competition D．conflict 10．A．mistake B．difference C．mess D．plan 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了一个寒冷的冬夜停电后，Emma和邻居们互相帮助、分享温暖的故事，最终Emma明白了与邻居友好相处的重要性。 【详解】 1．句意：突然，灯灭了，房间里一片漆黑。 根据上文“the lights went out”可知，灯灭了，房间变得“黑暗的”。备选词中dark意为“黑暗的”，符合语境。cold意为“寒冷的”，crowded意为“拥挤的”，empty意为“空的”，均不符合。 2．句意：为了安慰Emma，Mrs White平静地说。 根据上文Mrs White说“Don’t worry. The lights might come on soon”可知，她在安慰Emma，语气应是“平静地”。备选词中peacefully意为“平静地”，符合语境。angrily意为“生气地”，loudly意为“大声地”，strangely意为“奇怪地”，均不符合。 3．句意：我们不得不离开这栋楼。 根据下文“Please follow me to the exit”可知，工人要带他们离开大楼，应用leave the building，表示“离开大楼”。leave意为“离开”，符合语境。open意为“打开”；tidy意为“整理”，visit意为“参观”，均与语境不符。 4．句意：没有暖气，我不能忍受待在房间里。 根据上文“Mr Johnson...was standing at his doorstep”可知，Mr Johnson 站在门口，说明他不想待在房间里。他说“I can’t stand ____ in my room without heating”，表示不能忍受“待在”没有暖气的房间里。sitting意为“坐着”，此处表示“坐着”在房间里，更符合室内活动的自然状态。standing（站着）虽然也可表示“待着”，但 sitting 更能体现“在房间里停留”的含义。sleeping（睡觉）和 eating（吃饭）均不符合语境。 5．句意：当他们正在享受食物时，夜幕降临了。 根据上文“A young neighbour invited everyone to his apartment...I have some hot tea and snacks... People shared stories and food.”可知，大家聚在一起分享茶、零食和食物，强调的不是吃正餐的场景，因此用meal（一餐）不贴切，food（食物）最为准确；silence（沉默）与“享受”矛盾，game（游戏）文中未提及。 6．句意：与邻居相处让生活变得好多了。 根据上文Emma度过了一个特别的夜晚，以及她决定更加友好，可知她认为与邻居相处让生活“更好”了。better意为“更好的”，符合语境。harder意为“更难的”，easier意为“更容易的”，worse意为“更差的”，均不符合。 7．句意：她意识到一个简单的善举可以拉近人们之间的距离。 根据上文“She smiled to herself and thought...”以及下文“From that day on, Emma decided to be more friendly”可知，她“意识到”了友善的重要性。realised意为“意识到”，符合语境。forgot意为“忘记”，imagined意为“想象”，promised意为“承诺”，均不符合。 8．句意：他们经常互相问候和帮助。 根据上文“whenever she meets her neighbours, she always greets them with a big smile”以及“and help each other”可知，邻居们互相“交换”问候和帮助。exchange意为“交换”，符合语境。refuse意为“拒绝”，avoid意为“避免”，ignore意为“忽视”，均不符合。 9．句意：一个和谐的社区是建立在相互尊重和关心之上的。 根据上文“Getting along with neighbours makes life so much better”以及全文主旨可知，和谐的邻里关系建立在“相互尊重”之上。respect意为“尊重”，符合语境。doubt意为“怀疑”，competition意为“竞争”，conflict意为“冲突”，均不符合。 10．句意：因为它可以改变某人的一天。 根据上文“show your kindness”以及下文“make a ____ to someone’s day”可知，友善可以“改变”某人的一天，make a difference为固定搭配，意为“有影响、起作用”。difference意为“差异”，make a difference意为“有影响、起作用”，符合语境。mistake意为“错误”，mess意为“混乱”，plan意为“计划”，均不符合。 第 1 页 共 20 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $