专题07 阅读理解体裁之词义猜测题（专项训练）（天津专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第07讲 阅读理解之词义猜测题 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 1 真题·实战演练 10 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：词义猜测在语境中的分析（掌握代入法与构词法） （26-27高三上·天津滨海新区·开学考试）I’ve always found small talk problematic — boring at best, stressful at worst. A colleague commenting on the weather… The postman asking, “How are you today?” When I worked in book publishing, networking was essential. I could easily discuss authors or budgets. But asking how someone got to an event? Or where they parked? I didn’t care! These conversations that everyone seemed to find easy put me on edge. Every chat felt like I was acting and being judged. I didn’t know the rules. How long should small talk last? Should I be honest or entertaining? I worried my responses were either too dull or overly enthusiastic. All that changed at a friend’s art show this year. Inspired by the self-help author Wayne W. Dyer’s advice, “Change the way you look at things, and the things you look at change,” I decided to change my approach. I asked a freelance photographer, “What’s your star sign?” She was surprised but answered, “Aquarius (水瓶座).” We talked comfortably. I asked others different questions, like, “What was your art teacher like?” By the end of the night, I’d had several fun conversations. Later, I experimented. I avoided questions about weather or kids and asked things I found interesting. When a barista (咖啡师) asked, “How are you enjoying the sun?” I replied, “I like spring, but autumn is my favorite. What about you?” At a writer’s event, I asked, “What was your favorite subject in school?” The results were amazing. People were not only willing to join in but seemed relieved. Conversations became real and unpredictable. I learned about a graduate’s love for beekeeping and a nurse writing a novel. There were awkward moments. Some didn’t get it and left. A few were suspicious. But I didn’t take it personally; most welcomed the change. By the end of the month, I’d realized small talk has a purpose. It’s a way to connect with others. Now, small talk doesn’t make me anxious. Instead of feeling pressured to “get it right”, I choose what to talk about. I understand now how we’ve all learned to follow the same script to find common ground. But that doesn’t mean you can’t change that script and make it more real and interesting. 1．Why did the author initially dislike small talk? A．She found it difficult to make friends. B．She didn’t want to waste her work time. C．She considered it artificial and pressured. D．She felt it consumed too much energy. 2．What motivated the author to try a new strategy? A．A shift in personal mindset. B．A desire to meet more people. C．A need to improve networking . D．A moment of social discomfort. 3．What did the author discover during her experiments? A．Familiar topics worked better. B．Predictable talk felt more safe. C．Most avoided unusual questions. D．People welcomed unconventional topics. 4．The underlined phrase “put me on edge” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________. A．made me excited B．made me nervous C．made me disappointed D．made me angry 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．How to Make Small Talk Less Stressful B．Changing the Script of Small Talk C．The Importance of Finding Common Ground D．My Unpleasant Experience with Small Talk （26-27高三上·天津南开·阶段检测）Tourism is a leisure activity, whose prework means just the opposite. Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being “modern” and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organized within a particular place and occurs for a period of time, which is arranged beforehand. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is, the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places. The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work, and are of a short-term and temporary nature, and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time. Modern societies engage in such tourist practices. New socialized forms of transportation and hotel facilities have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists, as opposed to the individual character of travel. Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different senses from those who have been there. Such anticipation is also constructed and stays through a variety of non-tourist practices, such as films, TV, literature, magazines, records and videos which construct and reinforce (强化) this daydreaming. Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some sense out of the ordinary. The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life. People hang around these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified (物化) or captured through photographs, postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured. One of the earliest research papers on the subject of tourism is Boorstin’s analysis of the “pseudo-event” (1964) where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience “reality” directly but are happy with “pseudo-event”. Isolated from the host environment and the local people, the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in fake or man-made attractions, and is cheated into enjoying the pseudo-events and ignoring the real world outside. Over time, the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closed self-perpetuating (自我延续的) system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit. Such visits are made, says Boorstin, within the “environmental bubble” of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment. 1．What does the author want to tell us in the 1st paragraph? A．Making a careful travel plan is necessary. B．Planning travel involves time and thought. C．Getting travel tips from your friends may save time. D．Choosing unusual tourist attractions makes a trip memorable. 2．What does Paragraph 2 indicate about tourist trips? A．Modern transport and hotels satisfy tourists’ needs. B．Tourists’ expectations shape their choice of destinations. C．Various media create fun pleasures for local people. D．Tourists take trips to experience real-life local sights. 3．What does the underlined part in the 3rd paragraph probably mean? A．New environmental scenes in a different place will become more attractive. B．Traveling to an unfamiliar place is a pleasant change from everyday routine. C．Travelling is to see landmarks and discover unknown ways of life and values. D．Tourists should find the native people and share with them ideas and experience. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Visiting popular tourist attractions is only a waste of time. B．When travelling, many tourists will miss their homes and friends. C．American tourists like to visit familiar places when they travel outside. D．The advantage of travel is to interact with a culture different from your own. 5．Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage? A．Tourism, a Direct Hug of Nature B．Tourism, an Appetite for the Unordinary C．Tourism, a False Belief about the World D．Tourism, a New Relation to Familiar Sights （26-27高二·全国·单元复习）I had started my job search with high hopes, attending CV writing workshops and exploring a range of professional directions, including patent law, data analysis, research, and medical writing. I applied to positions broadly, confident I would land something soon. But the rejections started to roll in — at least I didn’t face complete silence. The initial excitement of getting interviews soon turned into deep frustration, and I began to wonder whether the skills I had gained through my Ph.D．studies were truly valuable. To relieve the pressure of completing my Ph.D．and the nonstop job hunt, I decided to organize a 30-mile walking challenge along the Thames Path. I hoped that being outdoors in the countryside with my walking group would help me relax and forget my worries. It was a goal I had never attempted before, but I felt motivated by this ambitious plan. Our first walk brought out 50-plus walkers, and we seemed to be off to a great start. However, by the third training walk the group’s enthusiasm had started to dim. I was discouraged but carried on, determined to complete the challenge. Soon, though, the training walks I had carefully planned with my partner fell through. I pushed myself harder than I should have, squeezing in two tough 20-mile walks in one month and setting the stage for my hip injury. My professional prospects weren’t looking any better, I was starting to panic about not having a job lined up, and my injury only worsened my mood. But maybe it was time to try a new path. I previously ignored government jobs because of their difficult application process, but I decided to give them a chance. I learned how to describe my academic background properly and soon received interviews and finally two job offers. The crushing weight I had felt for months finally lifted. At the same time, I was still wrestling with my walk plans, which I had hoped would give me enough time to recover and complete the challenge. But with the stress of my job search behind me, I could see with a clearer head that I could find satisfaction by revising my goal. I didn’t want to disappoint the small but determined group of walkers who had stuck with me, but they supported me on a compromise: a shortened walk of 14 miles, a distance I could manage comfortably. It did not matter that I had to change plans for my walk or my job search. In the years I spent doing my Ph.D．, I realized that the challenge is only part of the story. It is how you cope with setbacks that determines your route to success. 1．Why did the author decide to organize a 30-mile walking challenge? A．To improve his physical health and prepare for a new job. B．To relieve the pressure of finishing his Ph.D．and job hunting. C．To encourage more people to join his walking group. D．To complete an ambitious goal he had planned for a long time. 2．What happened to the author according to Paragraph 6? A．The author failed to get any interview opportunities for government jobs. B．The author found it easy to apply for government jobs at first. C．The author got relief from long-time pressure at last. D．The author gave up government jobs because of their difficult application process. 3．What does the underlined phrase “wrestling with” in Paragraph 7 most probably mean? A．Struggling with. B．Fighting against. C．Giving up. D．Carrying out. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The author’s experience of organizing a successful walking challenge. B．How the author overcame difficulties in job hunting and completed his Ph.D． C．The importance of coping with setbacks on the way to success. D．The author’s journey of finding a suitable job after his Ph.D．studies. （2026·天津·模拟预测）At dinnertime, if I’m anywhere near my favourite restaurant, there’s not a chance you can talk me into going somewhere else — I want to eat at China Fun. Actually, I have been eating at this restaurant for 17 years. Don’t get me wrong, trying new things is great, and I love exploring. But the pressure to always keep trying new things ignores the satisfaction of finding our loves and keeping on loving them. That’s why I dislike pop-up restaurants. I’d much rather invest my time and money in a place that will still be here next month, working my way through the menu to find my favourite dishes, and figuring out which is the best table. In a chaotic world, being a regular makes me feel that there are always places where things stay the same. In my mental map of the city, I mark all my favourites — cute bookshops, hidden gardens, and the hotdog stand that’s open only at weekends. To be a regular is to let a place become a character in your life. The act of returning builds connection, and a sense of being at home as you settle in and share a nod with the waiter before he asks if you’ll be having the usual. Some things just get better the more you do them. While relaxing weekends offer the promise of finding country paths for a wander, I would prefer revisiting a beloved walking route as the seasons turn, noticing the subtle (微妙的) changes in the same place. I’ve walked along the Thames a hundred times, but the banks look different each time as the tides move to reveal or conceal (隐藏). It feels like spending time with a friend. The river is alive, and each time we meet, we grow closer. I discovered a little local café recently. After several visits, Kirsty, the resident café cat, has finally started acknowledging my presence. The other repeat customers have also started nodding at me. They were here first and this is their café. Now they seem to be saying, “Have a seat, stay a while, and come back soon.” 1．What does the author’s restaurant preference show? A．He is a creature of habit. B．He is strictly self - disciplined. C．He loves exploring new things. D．He favours Asian cuisine most. 2．What does the underlined word “character” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Reward. B．Souvenir. C．Symbol. D．Companion. 3．How does the author find the walking route along the Thames? A．Crowded but comforting. B．Familiar but refreshing. C．Winding but approachable. D．Exhausting but adventurous. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The café only welcomes regular local visitors. B．The author feels accepted as a regular in the café. C．Kirsty the cat is unfriendly to new customers. D．The café is too small to hold more people. 5．What message does this text mainly convey? A．Satisfaction exists in the present. B．Shared experiences build bonds. C．Possibilities hide in the unknown. D．Repeat visits deepen appreciation. （2026·天津河西·三模）Nearly 2 million years ago, one of our ancestors developed bone cancer in their foot. The fate of this individual is unknown, but the fossilised remains leave no doubt that cancer has been a part of our story for a very long time. But these cancer cells weren’t the only internal threat our ancestors faced. Their survival was also threatened by individuals attempting to undermine the group. At the heart of the story is this question: is human nature selfish or altruistic, competitive or cooperative? The answer has profound implications for how we aim to structure society. If we are born altruists, then institutions are unnecessary. But if selfishness dominates, strong control is essential. In the language of evolutionary biology, we have a cooperation dilemma: there are situations where it is in our interest to work with others, and there are situations where it is not. As a result, visible rivalry (竞争) was replaced by what I call “invisible rivalry” — the ability to hide selfish, competitive intentions while maintaining the appearance of a cooperative nature. In other words, we evolved to compete in a cooperative world. This is where the analogy (类比) with cancer arises. Humanity’s long history of living with the disease means we have evolved biological mechanisms to reduce the risk it poses. Many reactions at the cellular level evolved to help our bodies fight off cancers. It is this strong immune system that explains why, although we are frequently exposed to viruses, these often don’t lead to illness. Similarly, the threats to our social groups posed by the evolution of invisible rivalry led us to develop practices and institutions to maximise cooperation. I call this our cultural immune system. However, just as cancers find ways to escape from our immune systems, some individuals use their intelligence to destabilize the group’s social norms for their own benefit. To fight the enemy, we can boost the cultural immune system, much like how we can improve our biological immune systems through healthy lifestyles and vaccination. But this isn’t going to happen until we first recognise the problem that invisible rivalry poses. In my view, the best way is through education. We are all part of the cultural immune system. If we understand our evolutionary heritage, we will be open-eyed to the danger that: freeloaders pose to society and place our trust more clear-sightedly — much as the body’s defence system learns to recognise the agents associated with cancers to deal with them. We must work together to stay one step ahead of humanity’s opportunistic nature. Without beliefs, norms and a proper understanding of human nature, we are at the mercy of our selfish biological heritage. Evolution has made us this way but we can learn to overcome it. 1．The underlined phrase “to undermine the group” in Paragraph 1 most probably means _______. A．to strengthen the group’s unity B．to weaken or damage the group C．to expand the group’s influence D．to reorganize the group’s structure 2．What can be inferred about the cultural immune system? A．It contributes to humanity’s competitiveness. B．Human dishonesty is said to be its byproduct. C．Internal threats in society cannot escape from it. D．It can be improved through enhancing cooperation. 3．What can we learn from this passage? A．The minority’s selfishness doesn’t mean cancers for society. B．It is hard to maintain the appearance of a cooperative nature. C．We need agree on the fact that invisible rivalry brings harm. D．The stability of society lies in humanity’s opportunistic nature. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．The Cure for Social Ills. B．The Mercy of Humanity. C．The Value in Institutions. D．The Root of Invisible Rivalry. 5．From the passage, it can be inferred that the stable development of human society mainly relies on _______. A．the natural disappearance of competitive desires over time B．our constant efforts to discover and control hidden selfish acts C．individuals’ willingness to give up personal interests for the group D．the complete replacement of biological laws by cultural rules （2026·天津·二模）The modern world is witnessing a growing unease over “affordability” — a term that has surpassed mere economic concern to become a defining anxiety of our age. From skyrocketing housing costs and stagnant (停滞不前的) wages to the rising price of healthcare and education, the feeling that essential goods and services are slipping out of reach has spread through nearly every society, breeding discontent and challenging the legitimacy of established economic systems. Even in historically wealthy nations, families once confident in their ability to build stable lives now face impossible trade-offs between paying rent, covering groceries, and meeting unexpected medical costs. This anxiety is not merely about individual financial hardship; it reflects a deeper crisis of fairness and intergenerational equity. Younger generations, in particular, face a harsh reality: despite working longer hours and being more educated than their parents, they are far less likely to achieve the same level of financial security — owning a home, raising a family, or retiring comfortably. Many are trapped in precarious jobs with few benefits, struggling to save even as inflation erodes their purchasing power. This “affordability gap” has widened not because of economic insufficiency, but because of structural inequities: extreme wealth concentration, unequal access to opportunities, and policies that prioritize short-term corporate profits over long-term social stability. What makes this unease more acute is the widespread sense of powerlessness. Unlike past economic struggles, which were often attributed to external factors like war or natural disasters, today’s affordability crisis is widely seen as a product of deliberate human choices — choices that seem to favor a tiny elite (精英) at the expense of the majority. This perception fuels a growing skepticism toward mainstream economic narratives and a search for alternative systems that prioritize equity over efficiency, and human well-being over endless growth. 1．The underlined word “legitimacy” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A．legal restriction B．reasonable credibility C．practical function D．potential influence 2．According to the passage, the widening affordability gap is rooted in ______. A．insufficient natural and economic resources B．young people’s longer working hours C．unfair social structure and policy preference D．higher educational expectations of the young 3．It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that younger generations ______. A．enjoy better financial welfare than their parents B．fail to attain the same life security as older generations C．owe their hardship mainly to inadequate education D．have completely given up buying houses and starting families 4．Different from previous economic crises, today’s affordability worry ______. A．is caused by unpredictable natural forces B．is widely considered man-made and biased C．has little to do with social economic policies D．can be easily solved by traditional economic means 5．What can we infer about mainstream economic systems nowadays? A．They fully balance equity and economic efficiency. B．They have won complete recognition of the public C．They are facing public doubt and potential reform. D．They perfectly serve the interests of ordinary people. 6．What is the best title for the text? A．The Falling Financial Security of Young Generations B．Structural Problems Behind Global Economic Scarcity C．Widespread Deep Anxiety Over Affordability D．The Conflict Between Efficiency and Social Equity 重难·创新演练 （25-26高三上·天津滨海新区·阶段检测）In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett —“Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory. However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad. Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism. “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.” If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our’ Plan C’ is actually our’ Plan A’,” Sjastad says. It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 1．Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in paragraph1? A．To describe a shallow understanding of failure. B．To offer an example to handle failure. C．To introduce a common attitude towards failure. D．To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. 2．What can we learn from the paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”? A．It refuses negative feedback to ourselves. B．It pictures us as competitive people. C．It poses a severe threat to self- image. D．It protects us from false feedback. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards failure? A．Short-sighted. B．Wait-and-see. C．Skeptical. D．Objective. 4．What does the underlined word “prematurely” in paragraph 5mean? A．Hurriedly. B．Joyfully. C．Unhappily. D．Carelessly. 5．Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A．Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. B．Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. C．Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. D．Don’t escape when our self-image is broken. （25-26高三上·天津宝坻·阶段检测）Believe it or not, you could be creating a bad impression on others, whether at your job or in your personal life, with what you don’t say, even if you are saying and doing the right things. That’s because many of our reactions to others are based on body language. If your body language is communicating a negative message, that’s the message others could be getting regardless of what actual words come out of your mouth. What are some of the negative messages sent via body language? Things like having your arms folded across the chest can show hostility (敌意). Lack of eye contact can indicate shiftiness (奸诈). An unsmiling face could communicate a variety of things, like anger, disappointment or sadness, depending upon what other facial expressions are included at the same time. Want to know what body language communicates? An interesting approach is to watch a TV show or a movie with the sound of, and see how much you can figure out of the plot, or at least you can get a sense of what is going on. However, many of the clues that indicate negativity could also be the result of nervousness or other issues. For example, somebody who doesn’t make eye contact could simply be nervous. The same is true of a not-so-firm hand-shake. Someone folding his arms could simply be more comfortable with the arms that way. Someone who doesn’t smile could be self-conscious about her teeth. The person who sends off bad body gestures may not even realize that they’re doing it. Unfortunately, some people who do recognize what body language communicates are scam (欺诈) artists. They may have the firmest handshake you’ve ever had, the shiniest smile you’ve ever seen and make the greatest eye contact so that you find their sincerity so convincing and their schemes so irresistible. They can achieve what they desire because they know how much this nonverbal communication matters in communicating a sense of trustworthiness. People fall for them, because their body language seems so truthful. If you’re not sure what your body language is communicating, better ask a trusted friend for help. You can also concentrate on standing up straight and sitting up straight, if posture (姿势) is a problem. What’s more, practicing in front of a mirror can also help you get rid of some bad habits. Also, remember to smile and nod if needed. And try to learn how to relax. Pay more attention to these details in your daily communications, and you will send more positive messages with your body language. 1．Watching a TV show with the sound turned off, we can ________. A．have a chance to experience how much body language counts B．practice how to read other’s body language correctly C．have a lot of fun guessing what the characters are saying D．learn to tell the messages such as hostility or shiftiness 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．A person who is not smiling must be communicating hostility. B．Verbal expressions matter more in making an impression on others. C．A not-so-firm handshake may indicate that one may be frightened or worried about something. D．We can judge a person’s attitude correctly according to his expression. 3．We can learn from the 4th paragraph that ________. A．a person with great eye contact will be seen a scam artist B．people can make use of body language for wrong purposes C．one should not put trust in a person with a shiniest smile D．you will be regarded as a scam artist if you shake hands firmly 4．The underlined phrase “fall for” is closest in meaning to ________. A．be taken in. B．be given up C．be used to D．be fully dropped 5．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Secret of Body Language. B．Body Language and Messages. C．Is Body Language Serving You Well? D．What Can Body Language Convey? （25-26高三上·天津滨海新区·阶段检测）“A lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” It’s a well-known saying. But a more accurate version would be: “A confidently told lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” Because basically, we humans are far more likely to accept and believe information delivered confidently. By a confident person, or by a source using confident language, etc. When two or more people are involved in a decision-making process where they know different things, confidently expressed arguments are perceived as delivering better information, which determines the decision. And as the modern world has shown us repeatedly, this regularly leads to undesirable outcomes. Why would this tendency come about? Well, humans are highly gregarious, and during our evolutionary (进化的) development, most of our information about the world came from other people. So, if ancient humans heard someone confidently declare “There’s a tiger coming”, instinctively (本能地) believing them was a valuable survival skill. Confidently delivered information may be more persuasive, but that doesn’t mean it’s correct, even if the confident person genuinely believes it is. We’ve all met someone who confidently lectures others on how the world works, despite being wrong about literally everything. It’s the Dunning-Kruger effect, where people with low ability/ experience/ knowledge about something often significantly overestimate their abilities/ expertise regarding it. This is because the ability to recognize your intellectual limits requires sufficient intelligence. Lacking that, you won’t question your (limited) understanding, so you can mouth laughable nonsense with total confidence. We live in a highly interconnected, increasingly complex society, where countless people and worldviews end up overlapping (重叠) constantly. So, someone who is objectively, unquestionably wrong, but still unshakably confident can end up convincing many others that they’re right. Left unchecked, it can end up with individuals with no abilities beyond unshakeable confidence being put in charge. And that won’t end well for anyone. 1．What tendency is presented about humans in the first two paragraphs? A．Hating bad results much. B．Believing lies too easily. C．Trusting confident statements. D．Lacking decision-making skills. 2．What does the underlined word “gregarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Sensitive. B．Competitive. C．Ignorant. D．Social. 3．Why do some people fall into the Dunning-Kruger effect? A．They aren’t wise enough. B．They are hard to persuade. C．They aren’t questioned by experts. D．They are afraid of admitting mistakes. 4．In what tone is the last paragraph written? A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Enthusiastic. D．Concerned. 5．Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the text? A．Confident people are always right. B．Confidence always leads to positive outcomes. C．Confidence can mislead people. D．Lies are easier to detect than truths. （25-26高三上·天津河西·阶段检测）Anyone complaining the loss of the true meaning of Christmas probably shouldn’t celebrate in China. Here, it’s mostly business as usual on the 25th. Vacation time won’t come until weeks later for China’s own winter holiday: Chinese New Year in mid-February. Santa exists primarily in malls, plus the occasional grocery store or cafe. Some members of the younger generation have started playing Secret Santa, while others have bought artificial trees for their homes and offices. There is, however, one Christmas tradition that’s definitely Chinese: Apples. The Chinese word for apple, pingguo, sounds a lot like the Chinese word for Christmas Eve, ping’an ye, and, as such, a tradition has formed. While Americans shell out (支付) lots of US dollars for high-tech presents like iPhones and Xboxes, Chinese friends simply exchange apples. I’m in an overlit fruit market in Hangzhou. Christmas music — though in Mandarin — is playing over the store loudspeakers. Staffers are wearing green aprons and red Santa caps. This is the most Christmas spirit I’ve seen outside Starbucks. It’s an odd time to grocery shop — Saturday night, just before closing — but the store is full. Santa-capped employees hand bags of fruit to a stream of customers. I walk past many tiny, apple-sized boxes. Some boxes are clear, except for the outlines of cute cartoon bears with tiny plastic ears popping up on top. Some boxes proclaim “Merry Christmas!” and “Happy New Year!” in English on their sides. Some apples aren’t in boxes at all, but are rather all tied up in festive pink and purple cellophane (玻璃纸). I need to choose a more traditional Western package of red and green cardboard and I call over an employee for help: He’s dressed in head-to-toe Santa Claus clothes, complete with black boots and a fake beard. “Merry Christmas!” I say, briefly forgetting that this particular Kris Kringle might not understand me. When a friend once told me to bring apples to my first-ever Chinese dinner party, it seemed like a cheap offering until I saw the price: Nearly 70 RMB(over $10) for just a few of them. That’s not unbearably expensive, but the cost is comparable to produce we’d consider exotic (异乎寻常的) in the US. Meanwhile, in the fruit market in my neighborhood, a woman in a Santa cap is ringing me up at the cashier. “Merry Christmas,” I say, once again forgetting about the language barrier. Then I realize I don’t even know how to say Christmas in Mandarin. Instead, I fall back on my old faithful phrase, one which I hope will evoke what I mean: A big smile and “Xiexie, zaijian” 1．What does the article mainly talk about? A．How people celebrate Christmas Day in China. B．The Chinese people exchange apples at Christmas Eve. C．The western tradition — exchanging apples spreads in China. D．A Christmas tradition the author experienced in China. 2．In the 7th paragraph, the underlined phrase “Kris Kringle” refers to ________. A．Santa Claus B．a friend of the author C．one employee D．a stranger 3．According to the article, which statement is TRUE? A．The author thinks that the true meaning of Christmas has lost. B．Santa exists originally in shopping malls, occasionally at the grocery store or cafe. C．The author can speak Chinese fluently with the cashier in a fruit market. D．Staffers’ wearing green aprons and red Santa caps is the most Christmas spirit besides Starbucks. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is not western Christmas tradition? A．Exchanging apples as Christmas gifts. B．Buying Christmas trees to decorate homes. C．Choosing red and green packs. D．Wearing green aprons and red Santa caps. 5．What attitude does the author hold towards the Chinese tradition of Christmas? A．Indifferent. B．Neutral. C．Prejudiced. D．Tolerant. （2025·天津和平·二模）Some games are destined to live in your memory forever. These are the ones that become instant classics; people talk about them for years after release, sometimes even decades. They appear on every best-of list and get played and replayed over and over again. The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild is one of these games. First released as a launch title for the Nintendo Switch in 2017, people are still discovering Breath of the Wild four years later. I first picked up the game about six months after Nintendo Switch came out-the earliest I could finally get my hands on the console (游戏机). It was late enough to have heard the accolades but before it had been regarded as one of best video games of all time. I loved every second. It was tough, but worth pushing through. I’ve done most of what there is to do. But there’s one big thing I haven’t done: beat the game. I’ve completed all the story quests (任务) up to the ending. I’ve even wandered the castle. But I can’t bring myself to save the princess. Every time I decide I’m going to take the plunge (毅然决定) , I throw my controller aside. I can’t bring myself to do it. If I beat Breath of the Wild, the adventure is over. As long as I avoid finishing it, there’s still something new to discover. Chances are, I’m not alone. Surely other gamers do this-and not just with Breath of the Wild. This isn’t about losing interest; it’s wanting to always have more left to play. This refusal to complete a game might sound ridiculous. But let’s be real: It’s not uncommon for the ending to be far from the best part. Too often, I’ve been upset about the way a story ended or that a character didn’t get the closure I really wanted. Only recently did I realize those things didn’t really matter; the point of a game is the quest itself, not the ending, so why bother rushing through it? I’m not sure if I’ll ever finish Breath of the Wild. At this point I’m not going to dive back into the game because I’ve completely forgotten what to do and how to do it. I have vague (模糊的) plans to replay it before the sequel (续集) comes out, but for now I’m fine with not having finished this Zelda variant (系列). 1．The underlined word “accolades” in paragraph two probably A．blessings B．complaints C．rumors D．praises 2．The author hasn’t finished the game yet because ________. A．he finds it too hard to clear all the quests and save the princess B．he is upset that the story may not end in the way he really wants C．he is reluctant to end the amazing adventure the game has brought him D．he is unsatisfied with the closure that the character is going to receive 3．According to the passage, what can be inferred about the author? A．He purchased the Nintendo Switch as soon as the product came out B．He is still playing the game, Breath of the Wild, in his spare time. C．He values the process of the game more than its result. D．He has lost interest in finishing the game, Breath of the Wild, in the future. 4．Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the author’s current attitude towards The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild? A．Indifferent, as he prefers the coming sequel ones B．Uninterested, he no longer considers replaying C．Content, as he enjoys the journey though not finishing it yet D．Skeptical, thinking they rarely live up to expectations 5．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．explain why some players avoid completing games B．criticize game developers for poor story endings C．promote the unique gameplay of Breath of the Wild D．argue that difficulty levels ruin gaming experiences （2025·天津南开·一模）Larry was a truck driver, but his lifelong dream was to fly. When he graduated from high school, he joined the Air Force in hopes of becoming a pilot. Unfortunately, poor eyesight disqualified him. So, when he finally left the service, he had to satisfy himself with watching others fly the fighter jets that criss-crossed (纵横交错) the skies over his backyard. As he sat there in his lawn chair, he dreamed about the magic of flying. Then one day, Larry Walters got an idea. He went down to the local store and bought a tank of helium (氦气) and forty-five weather balloons. Back in his yard, Larry used straps to attach the balloons to his lawn chair, the kind you might have in your own back yard. He anchored the chair to the bumper of his jeep and inflated (充气) the balloons with helium. Then he packed some sandwiches and drinks and loaded a BB gun, figuring he could pop a few of those balloons when it was time to return to earth. His preparations complete, Larry Walters sat in his chair and cut the anchoring cord. His plan was to lazily float up a ways, and then lazily back down to ground. But, things didn’t quite work out that way. When Larry cut the cord, he didn’t float lazily up-he shot up as if fired from a cannon! Nor did he go up a couple hundred feet. He climbed and climbed, until he finally leveled off at eleven THOUSAND feet! At that height, he could hardly risk deflating any of the balloons, lest he unbalance the load and really experience flying! So, he stayed up there, sailing around for fourteen hours, totally at a loss as to how to get down. Eventually, Larry drifted into the approach corridor for Los Angeles International Airport. A Pan Am (泛美航空公司) pilot radioed the tower about passing a guy in a lawn chair at eleven thousand feet... with a gun in his lap! At that point, the Navy sent a helicopter to rescue him. But, the rescue team had a hard time getting to him, because the draft from their propeller (螺旋桨) kept pushing his home-made machine farther and farther away. Eventually they were able to hover over him and drop a rescue line with which they gradually pulled him back to earth. As soon as Larry hit the ground, he was arrested. But as he was being led away in handcuffs (手铐), a television reporter called out to ask, “Mr. Walters, why did you do it?” Larry stopped, eyed the man for a moment and replied casually, “A man can’t just sit around.” 1．What caused Larry to be kept away from his dream? A．Strict Air Force rules. B．His identity as a truck driver. C．His lawn chair. D．His poor eyesight. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Larry’s successful attempt to fly a fighter jet using helium balloons. B．Larry’s successful flying with helium balloons and a lawn chair. C．Larry’s invention of a new type of weather balloon for scientific research. D．Larry’s preparations and plan to float using helium balloons. 3．How did the Pan Am pilot feel when he saw Larry? A．Regretful. B．Surprised. C．Grateful. D．Thrilled. 4．Why didn’t he deflate any of the balloons? A．Because he wanted to stay in the air longer to enjoy the view. B．Because he was worried about unbalancing the load and causing an accident. C．Because he forgot to fire his BB gun. D．Because he was afraid the balloons would explode at high altitude. 5．By saying “A man can’t just sit around” in the last paragraph, the author means ______. A．Larry wanted to avoid physical activity and preferred sitting in his lawn chair B．Larry believed in taking action and pursuing his dreams rather than doing nothing C．Larry was tired of flying and decided to give up on his dream D．Larry was criticizing others for not sitting around like him 真题·实战演练 （2026·全国一卷·高考真题）In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1．What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A．They affect the growth of other trees. B．They absorb less carbon than expected. C．They harm people’s health indirectly. D．They raise the local temperature slowly. 2．Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A．Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B．Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C．Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D．Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 3．What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Honest about. B．Unaware of. C．Related to. D．Optimistic about. 4．What would Auyeung probably advocate? A．Reducing car use in daily life. B．Providing animals with new habitats. C．Controlling population growth. D．Doing more research on the problem. （2025·天津·高考真题）I first encountered tai chi in Ottawa’s Chinatown. Men and women gathered in loose formation. Their actions combined to achieve a meditative (冥想的) dance. I was amazed by its beauty and grace. It was like watching a water lily opening. Yet I couldn’t see the point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling — and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build muscle, my objective for all activities. I chose only to admire this martial art (武术) but kept my distance. Years later, a recommendation from my doctor brought me to a training group for tai chi beginners led by a caring instructor. I had thought that my goal would be to master the 108 moves. Technically right, but wrong on so many counts. The class was full of lovely people who glided effortlessly, seemingly never confused about where to move next. They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right. Commit and improve: That was the only path. Another realization came to me when I attended an advanced class. We began with foundation exercises, and almost immediately, the instructor singled me out for instruction. To be singled out was an honour, but I was mortified. All the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me while the instructor corrected my positioning. “Don’t bend, “he said, and I repeated the movement. “Straighten your back, “he urged, and on it went — probably for only a few minutes, but it seemed like hours. I couldn’t say, “Yeah, I get it.” I had to show that I did. I concentrated as I had never done before, listening to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. I was unlearning and learning, overcoming awkwardness to focus. I realized that I was learning a new way of being in the world—truly listening and open to correction. I don’t know that I will ever master the 108 moves. What I do know is that I have found an activity in my life where change and growth are not just possible but expected, even when my stubborn (固执的) personality tendencies re-emerge at every turn. 1．What was the author’s first impression of tai chi? A．Pleasant to the eye but not of much use. B．Too slow to be regarded as a martial art. C．Helpful in accomplishing fitness goals. D．Mysterious and difficult to master. 2．In the beginners’ class, the author realized that mastering tai chi required_________. A．discipline B．leadership C．persistence D．teamwork 3．What does the underlined word “mortified” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Angered B．Confused C．Disappointed D．Embarrassed 4．How did the author respond to the instructions in the advanced class? A．She denied her weaknesses and carried on. B．She stayed focused and followed attentively. C．She worked hard and displayed her talent. D．She opened up her mind and sought advice. 5．Which of the following can be concluded from the author’s experience? A．Tai chi empowers people to improve. B．Tai chi keeps the balance of the body. C．Tai chi fires people’s passion for sports. D．Tai chi facilitates healthy relationships. （2025·北京·高考真题）Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views — for example, “Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have control over. 1．How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Energized. D．Relieved. 2．What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Major achievements. B．Complex feelings. C．Significant impacts. D．Fine differences. 3．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science （2018·上海·高考真题）We Have a Painter to Thank for Yellowstone Before artist Thomas Moran set foot in the park, it was seen as unhappy place. After, it was marketed as a wonderland. Before Thomas Moran arrived, Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh, wild place pocked with hellish geysers. After the painter’s work was finished, Yellowstone was established as a national park and marketed as a wonderland.     In 1871 Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson had joined the first U. S. government survey of the region. For two weeks Moran filled a sketchbook with the landscape’s most stunning sights. The survey results, Jackson’s photos, and Moran’s watercolors—the first color renderings of the area—were presented to Congress that fall. “The photographs were proof that what the artist was showing really existed,” says Eleanor Harvey, senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art Museum. In March 1872 lawmakers officially made Yellowstone a national park, the world’s first. By April, Moran had transformed some of his sketches into a 7-by-l2-foot painting. The gold-splattered valley and billowing Lower Falls of “The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone” attracted the public. “It is too grand and wonderful for words,” declared the Ladies’ Repository that August, “and none can ever judge of its wonders from any engraving or photograph in mere black and white. Though Moran later painted Lake Superior, the Grand Canyon, and the Rockies, his reputation was so intertwined with Yellowstone that he took to signing his paintings “TYM,” for Thomas “Yellowstone” Moran. 1．What can we know about Yellowstone according to the passage? A．It was a popular park with geysers before Thomas Moran finished transformation. B．It was an imagination of a harsh and wild place. C．It became a national park with the efforts of Moran and Jackson. D．It is an attractive grand valley. 2．What does the “pocked” mean in the first sentence (paragraph 2)? A．Packed. B．Dotted. C．Blocked. D．Stuck. 3．What are the characteristics of Thomas Moran’s paintings about Yellowstone Park? A．Paying attention to color rendering of paintings. B．His magnificent and wonderful paintings. C．His reputation closely linked to Yellowstone Park. D．His paintings with nothing special. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The Significance of Thomas Moran’s paintings to Yellowstone Park. B．How Yellowstone Park is established as a National Park. C．The Great Painter—Thomas Moran. D．The process of Yellowstone Park being labelled as a fairyland. （2022·上海·高考真题）Business innovation is an organization’s process for introducing new ideas, workflows, methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, wherein ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve on existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels; from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits. Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage; it should help the organization to grow and reach — or, better still, exceed — strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc., which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation; this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 1．What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean？ A．Persuasibility. B．Scarcity. C．Generality. D．Practicability. 2．What is the purpose of business innovation？ A．Create value benefits for the enterprise. B．Reform the management structure of enterprises. C．Encourage staff to make more inventions. D．Upgrade the product performance. 3．Which of the following is true about innovation and invention? A．They are essentially the same concept. B．They can replace each other in the context. C．They can bring huge commercial benefits. D．They are closely related but have different conceptual scopes. 4．What is the main content of this passage? A．The precautions for brainstorming meetings. B．The considerations for business innovation. C．The difference between innovation and invention. D．The revolutionary change in business innovation. （2014·上海·高考真题） Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator (猎食动物) gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.      Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else. Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don’t make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again. Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them,  and they don't need to share their food. As children, many of us learn the saying “You can’t fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you can't trust her, either. 1．A plover protects its young from a predator by______. A．getting closer to its young B．driving away the adult predator C．leaving its young in another nest D．pretending to be injured 2．By “Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky” (paragraph 5), the author means______. A．chimps are ready to attack others B．chimps are sometimes dishonest C．chimps are jealous of the winners D．chimps can be selfish too 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others. B．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand. C．Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests. D．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Do animals lie? B．Does Mother Nature fool animals? C．How do animals learn to lie? D．How does honesty help animals survive? 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第07讲 阅读理解之词义猜测题 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 1 真题·实战演练 16 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：词义猜测在语境中的分析（掌握代入法与构词法） （26-27高三上·天津滨海新区·开学考试）I’ve always found small talk problematic — boring at best, stressful at worst. A colleague commenting on the weather… The postman asking, “How are you today?” When I worked in book publishing, networking was essential. I could easily discuss authors or budgets. But asking how someone got to an event? Or where they parked? I didn’t care! These conversations that everyone seemed to find easy put me on edge. Every chat felt like I was acting and being judged. I didn’t know the rules. How long should small talk last? Should I be honest or entertaining? I worried my responses were either too dull or overly enthusiastic. All that changed at a friend’s art show this year. Inspired by the self-help author Wayne W. Dyer’s advice, “Change the way you look at things, and the things you look at change,” I decided to change my approach. I asked a freelance photographer, “What’s your star sign?” She was surprised but answered, “Aquarius (水瓶座).” We talked comfortably. I asked others different questions, like, “What was your art teacher like?” By the end of the night, I’d had several fun conversations. Later, I experimented. I avoided questions about weather or kids and asked things I found interesting. When a barista (咖啡师) asked, “How are you enjoying the sun?” I replied, “I like spring, but autumn is my favorite. What about you?” At a writer’s event, I asked, “What was your favorite subject in school?” The results were amazing. People were not only willing to join in but seemed relieved. Conversations became real and unpredictable. I learned about a graduate’s love for beekeeping and a nurse writing a novel. There were awkward moments. Some didn’t get it and left. A few were suspicious. But I didn’t take it personally; most welcomed the change. By the end of the month, I’d realized small talk has a purpose. It’s a way to connect with others. Now, small talk doesn’t make me anxious. Instead of feeling pressured to “get it right”, I choose what to talk about. I understand now how we’ve all learned to follow the same script to find common ground. But that doesn’t mean you can’t change that script and make it more real and interesting. 1．Why did the author initially dislike small talk? A．She found it difficult to make friends. B．She didn’t want to waste her work time. C．She considered it artificial and pressured. D．She felt it consumed too much energy. 2．What motivated the author to try a new strategy? A．A shift in personal mindset. B．A desire to meet more people. C．A need to improve networking . D．A moment of social discomfort. 3．What did the author discover during her experiments? A．Familiar topics worked better. B．Predictable talk felt more safe. C．Most avoided unusual questions. D．People welcomed unconventional topics. 4．The underlined phrase “put me on edge” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________. A．made me excited B．made me nervous C．made me disappointed D．made me angry 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．How to Make Small Talk Less Stressful B．Changing the Script of Small Talk C．The Importance of Finding Common Ground D．My Unpleasant Experience with Small Talk 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者通过对闲聊态度的转变感悟到不必死守固定客套话术，可以改写闲聊的 “脚本”，让对话变得真实有趣。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Every chat felt like I was acting and being judged…I worried my responses were either too dull or overly enthusiastic.(每一次交谈都感觉自己像是在演戏，还会被别人评判……我担心自己的回答要么太过沉闷乏味，要么热情过头。)”可知，作者一开始不喜欢闲聊是因为她认为闲聊很做作，并且让人有压力。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Inspired by the self-help author Wayne W. Dyer’s advice, “Change the way you look at things, and the things you look at change,” I decided to change my approach.(受励志作家韦恩·W. 戴尔的这句建议启发：“改变你看待事物的方式，你眼中的事物就会随之改变”，我决定换一种方式。)”可知，个人心态的转变促使作者尝试新的交流方式。 3．推理判断题。根据第七段“The results were amazing. People were not only willing to join in but seemed relieved.(效果出奇地好。人们不仅愿意参与交谈，而且似乎松了一口气。)”和第八段“But I didn’t take it personally; most welcomed the change.(但我并没有认为是针对自己而生气；大多数人都乐于接受这种改变。)”可知，作者在尝试过程中发现人们欢迎这种非常规的话题。 4．词句猜测题。根据画线短语上文“But asking how someone got to an event? Or where they parked? I didn’t care!(可是问别人怎么来参加活动？或是车停在哪里？我根本不关心！)”和下文“Every chat felt like I was acting and being judged.(每一次交谈都让我感觉自己像是在演戏，还会被别人评头论足。)”可知，这类旁人觉得轻松的对话，却让作者十分局促不安，“put me on edge”的含义就是“让我紧张、焦虑”。 5．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“I understand now how we’ve all learned to follow the same script to find common ground. But that doesn’t mean you can’t change that script and make it more real and interesting.(我现在明白了，我们都学会了沿用同一套客套话术来寻找共同点。但这并不意味着你不能改变这套话术，让对话变得更加真实有趣。)”可知，全文围绕作者从抗拒闲聊到转变思路打破固有闲聊套路的经历展开，由此可知，B项“改变闲聊的脚本”是最好的标题。 （26-27高三上·天津南开·阶段检测）Tourism is a leisure activity, whose prework means just the opposite. Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being “modern” and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organized within a particular place and occurs for a period of time, which is arranged beforehand. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is, the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places. The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work, and are of a short-term and temporary nature, and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time. Modern societies engage in such tourist practices. New socialized forms of transportation and hotel facilities have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists, as opposed to the individual character of travel. Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different senses from those who have been there. Such anticipation is also constructed and stays through a variety of non-tourist practices, such as films, TV, literature, magazines, records and videos which construct and reinforce (强化) this daydreaming. Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some sense out of the ordinary. The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life. People hang around these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified (物化) or captured through photographs, postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured. One of the earliest research papers on the subject of tourism is Boorstin’s analysis of the “pseudo-event” (1964) where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience “reality” directly but are happy with “pseudo-event”. Isolated from the host environment and the local people, the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in fake or man-made attractions, and is cheated into enjoying the pseudo-events and ignoring the real world outside. Over time, the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closed self-perpetuating (自我延续的) system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit. Such visits are made, says Boorstin, within the “environmental bubble” of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment. 1．What does the author want to tell us in the 1st paragraph? A．Making a careful travel plan is necessary. B．Planning travel involves time and thought. C．Getting travel tips from your friends may save time. D．Choosing unusual tourist attractions makes a trip memorable. 2．What does Paragraph 2 indicate about tourist trips? A．Modern transport and hotels satisfy tourists’ needs. B．Tourists’ expectations shape their choice of destinations. C．Various media create fun pleasures for local people. D．Tourists take trips to experience real-life local sights. 3．What does the underlined part in the 3rd paragraph probably mean? A．New environmental scenes in a different place will become more attractive. B．Traveling to an unfamiliar place is a pleasant change from everyday routine. C．Travelling is to see landmarks and discover unknown ways of life and values. D．Tourists should find the native people and share with them ideas and experience. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Visiting popular tourist attractions is only a waste of time. B．When travelling, many tourists will miss their homes and friends. C．American tourists like to visit familiar places when they travel outside. D．The advantage of travel is to interact with a culture different from your own. 5．Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage? A．Tourism, a Direct Hug of Nature B．Tourism, an Appetite for the Unordinary C．Tourism, a False Belief about the World D．Tourism, a New Relation to Familiar Sights 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文介绍旅游的定义、游客选择目的地的心理，游客偏爱脱离日常的景观，同时介绍学者Boorstin提出的“伪事件”理论，探讨大众旅游的特点。 【详解】 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Tourism is a leisure activity, whose prework means just the opposite. Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being “modern” and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organized within a particular place and occurs for a period of time, which is arranged beforehand. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is, the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places. (旅游是一种休闲活动，而其前期准备工作恰恰相反。作为游客的行为是“现代人”的鲜明特征之一，而大众对旅游的理解通常认为，它是在特定地点进行的，并在事先安排的一段时间内发生。旅游关系源于人们前往不同目的地并在此停留的过程。这一过程必然包含一定的移动，即旅程，以及在新地点或多个地点停留一段时间。)”可知，本段强调旅游需要提前规划、耗费时间和心思。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures (人们选择游览和凝视某些景点，是因为对此心怀期待，尤其会通过遐想憧憬从中获得极致的愉悦体验)”可知，游客的预期影响、决定目的地的选择。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some sense out of the ordinary (游客往往会游览那些区别于日常所见的自然风光与城镇风貌，游览这些景致，是因为它们在某种程度上与众不同)”可知，划线部分“The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning(观赏这些旅游景点通常涉及不同形式的社会模式)”说明游客旅行的本质是观赏独特景观、体验不同于日常的事物与生活方式。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Such visits are made, says Boorstin, within the “environmental bubble” of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment (Boorstin认为，游客全程身处熟悉的美式酒店所构建的“环境壁垒”中游览，隔绝了陌生的当地环境)”可知，作者批判这种脱离当地文化的旅游模式，反向暗示：旅行的真正价值在于接触、融入异域不同的文化。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章核心是游客出游就是为了追求非同寻常、脱离日常生活的体验，B选项“Tourism, an Appetite for the Unordinary (旅游，是对非凡体验的渴求)”符合文章主题，适合用作标题。 （26-27高二·全国·单元复习）I had started my job search with high hopes, attending CV writing workshops and exploring a range of professional directions, including patent law, data analysis, research, and medical writing. I applied to positions broadly, confident I would land something soon. But the rejections started to roll in — at least I didn’t face complete silence. The initial excitement of getting interviews soon turned into deep frustration, and I began to wonder whether the skills I had gained through my Ph.D．studies were truly valuable. To relieve the pressure of completing my Ph.D．and the nonstop job hunt, I decided to organize a 30-mile walking challenge along the Thames Path. I hoped that being outdoors in the countryside with my walking group would help me relax and forget my worries. It was a goal I had never attempted before, but I felt motivated by this ambitious plan. Our first walk brought out 50-plus walkers, and we seemed to be off to a great start. However, by the third training walk the group’s enthusiasm had started to dim. I was discouraged but carried on, determined to complete the challenge. Soon, though, the training walks I had carefully planned with my partner fell through. I pushed myself harder than I should have, squeezing in two tough 20-mile walks in one month and setting the stage for my hip injury. My professional prospects weren’t looking any better, I was starting to panic about not having a job lined up, and my injury only worsened my mood. But maybe it was time to try a new path. I previously ignored government jobs because of their difficult application process, but I decided to give them a chance. I learned how to describe my academic background properly and soon received interviews and finally two job offers. The crushing weight I had felt for months finally lifted. At the same time, I was still wrestling with my walk plans, which I had hoped would give me enough time to recover and complete the challenge. But with the stress of my job search behind me, I could see with a clearer head that I could find satisfaction by revising my goal. I didn’t want to disappoint the small but determined group of walkers who had stuck with me, but they supported me on a compromise: a shortened walk of 14 miles, a distance I could manage comfortably. It did not matter that I had to change plans for my walk or my job search. In the years I spent doing my Ph.D．, I realized that the challenge is only part of the story. It is how you cope with setbacks that determines your route to success. 1．Why did the author decide to organize a 30-mile walking challenge? A．To improve his physical health and prepare for a new job. B．To relieve the pressure of finishing his Ph.D．and job hunting. C．To encourage more people to join his walking group. D．To complete an ambitious goal he had planned for a long time. 2．What happened to the author according to Paragraph 6? A．The author failed to get any interview opportunities for government jobs. B．The author found it easy to apply for government jobs at first. C．The author got relief from long-time pressure at last. D．The author gave up government jobs because of their difficult application process. 3．What does the underlined phrase “wrestling with” in Paragraph 7 most probably mean? A．Struggling with. B．Fighting against. C．Giving up. D．Carrying out. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The author’s experience of organizing a successful walking challenge. B．How the author overcame difficulties in job hunting and completed his Ph.D． C．The importance of coping with setbacks on the way to success. D．The author’s journey of finding a suitable job after his Ph.D．studies. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了作者在找工作的过程中接连碰壁，同时组织长距离徒步挑战也遭遇挫折，最终作者尝试新方向获得了满意的工作，也调整了徒步目标，最终领悟到应对挫折的方式决定了通往成功的路径。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“To relieve the pressure of completing my Ph.D. and the nonstop job hunt, I decided to organize a 30-mile walking challenge along the Thames Path.(为了缓解完成博士学位和不停找工作的压力，我决定组织一场沿着泰晤士河步道的30英里徒步挑战)”可知，作者组织徒步挑战是为了缓解完成博士学业和找工作带来的压力。 2．细节理解题。根据第六段“I learned how to describe my academic background properly and soon received interviews and finally two job offers. The crushing weight I had felt for months finally lifted.(我学会了如何恰当地描述我的学术背景，很快就收到了面试通知，最终得到了两份工作邀约。几个月来压在我身上的沉重负担终于卸下了)”可知，作者最终拿到了工作邀约，长期的压力终于得到了缓解。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Soon, though, the training walks I had carefully planned with my partner fell through. I pushed myself harder than I should have, squeezing in two tough 20-mile walks in one month and setting the stage for my hip injury.(不过，很快，我和搭档精心计划的训练徒步就失败了。我给自己施加的压力比本应有的更大，在一个月内完成了两次艰难的20英里步行，为我的臀部受伤埋下了伏笔。)”可知，作者的徒步计划失败，还在徒步挑战中受伤了，结合画线短语后文“which I had hoped would give me enough time to recover and complete the challenge(我原本希望徒步计划能给我足够的时间恢复，完成挑战)”可知，作者仍希望努力完成步行计划，说明此时仍在为如何处理原定的徒步计划纠结挣扎，因此wrestling with的含义为“挣扎、纠结”，与Struggling with意思相近。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It did not matter that I had to change plans for my walk or my job search. In the years I spent doing my Ph.D., I realized that the challenge is only part of the story. It is how you cope with setbacks that determines your route to success.(我不得不改变徒步和找工作的计划，这并不重要。在我读博士的这些年里，我意识到挑战只是故事的一部分。你如何应对挫折，才决定了你通往成功的道路)”并结合全文可知，本文通过作者的经历点明主旨：通往成功的路上，应对挫折的能力至关重要。 （2026·天津·模拟预测）At dinnertime, if I’m anywhere near my favourite restaurant, there’s not a chance you can talk me into going somewhere else — I want to eat at China Fun. Actually, I have been eating at this restaurant for 17 years. Don’t get me wrong, trying new things is great, and I love exploring. But the pressure to always keep trying new things ignores the satisfaction of finding our loves and keeping on loving them. That’s why I dislike pop-up restaurants. I’d much rather invest my time and money in a place that will still be here next month, working my way through the menu to find my favourite dishes, and figuring out which is the best table. In a chaotic world, being a regular makes me feel that there are always places where things stay the same. In my mental map of the city, I mark all my favourites — cute bookshops, hidden gardens, and the hotdog stand that’s open only at weekends. To be a regular is to let a place become a character in your life. The act of returning builds connection, and a sense of being at home as you settle in and share a nod with the waiter before he asks if you’ll be having the usual. Some things just get better the more you do them. While relaxing weekends offer the promise of finding country paths for a wander, I would prefer revisiting a beloved walking route as the seasons turn, noticing the subtle (微妙的) changes in the same place. I’ve walked along the Thames a hundred times, but the banks look different each time as the tides move to reveal or conceal (隐藏). It feels like spending time with a friend. The river is alive, and each time we meet, we grow closer. I discovered a little local café recently. After several visits, Kirsty, the resident café cat, has finally started acknowledging my presence. The other repeat customers have also started nodding at me. They were here first and this is their café. Now they seem to be saying, “Have a seat, stay a while, and come back soon.” 1．What does the author’s restaurant preference show? A．He is a creature of habit. B．He is strictly self - disciplined. C．He loves exploring new things. D．He favours Asian cuisine most. 2．What does the underlined word “character” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Reward. B．Souvenir. C．Symbol. D．Companion. 3．How does the author find the walking route along the Thames? A．Crowded but comforting. B．Familiar but refreshing. C．Winding but approachable. D．Exhausting but adventurous. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The café only welcomes regular local visitors. B．The author feels accepted as a regular in the café. C．Kirsty the cat is unfriendly to new customers. D．The café is too small to hold more people. 5．What message does this text mainly convey? A．Satisfaction exists in the present. B．Shared experiences build bonds. C．Possibilities hide in the unknown. D．Repeat visits deepen appreciation. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．D 【导语】作者通过餐厅、步行路线等日常经历，阐述反复探访熟悉之地能加深欣赏与情感连接的观点。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Actually, I have been eating at this restaurant for 17 years.(事实上，我已经在这家餐厅吃了17年了)”可知，作者长期光顾同一家餐厅，体现了他是个习惯型的人。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“To be a regular is to let a place become a character in your life.(成为熟客就是让一个地方成为你生活中的character)”及后文“The act of returning builds connection, and a sense of being at home as you settle in and share a nod with the waiter before he asks if you’ll be having the usual.(回头光顾能建立起一种联结，当你安顿下来，在服务员开口问你是否点老样子之前就对他点头致意时，便会生出一种在家的归属)”可知，常去的地方如同生活中的伙伴、陪伴者。画线词意为“伙伴、陪伴”。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“While relaxing weekends offer the promise of finding country paths for a wander, I would prefer revisiting a beloved walking route as the seasons turn, noticing the subtle (微妙的) changes in the same place. I’ve walked along the Thames a hundred times, but the banks look different each time as the tides move to reveal or conceal (隐藏). It feels like spending time with a friend. (虽然悠闲的周末意味着可以去乡间小路漫步探险，但我更愿随着四季流转，重走那条心爱的小径，细察同一方天地间的微妙变迁。泰晤士河畔我已走过百遍，但随着潮涨潮落，每一次河岸的景致都不尽相同。这种感觉，宛如与挚友相伴)”可知，泰晤士河畔的路线虽熟悉，却因季节变化每次都有新鲜感。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The other repeat customers have also started nodding at me. They were here first and this is their café. Now they seem to be saying, “Have a seat, stay a while, and come back soon.”(其他的熟客也开始对我点头致意了。他们捷足先登，这里早已是他们的地盘。此刻，他们仿佛在说：“坐吧，歇会儿，常来啊。”)”可知，作者作为熟客感受到了接纳。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的“Some things just get better the more you do them.(一些事物你接触越多就变得越美好。)”可知，文章围绕多次造访餐馆、步道、咖啡馆的亲身经历展开，意在说明重复造访会加深人们对事物的喜爱。 （2026·天津河西·三模）Nearly 2 million years ago, one of our ancestors developed bone cancer in their foot. The fate of this individual is unknown, but the fossilised remains leave no doubt that cancer has been a part of our story for a very long time. But these cancer cells weren’t the only internal threat our ancestors faced. Their survival was also threatened by individuals attempting to undermine the group. At the heart of the story is this question: is human nature selfish or altruistic, competitive or cooperative? The answer has profound implications for how we aim to structure society. If we are born altruists, then institutions are unnecessary. But if selfishness dominates, strong control is essential. In the language of evolutionary biology, we have a cooperation dilemma: there are situations where it is in our interest to work with others, and there are situations where it is not. As a result, visible rivalry (竞争) was replaced by what I call “invisible rivalry” — the ability to hide selfish, competitive intentions while maintaining the appearance of a cooperative nature. In other words, we evolved to compete in a cooperative world. This is where the analogy (类比) with cancer arises. Humanity’s long history of living with the disease means we have evolved biological mechanisms to reduce the risk it poses. Many reactions at the cellular level evolved to help our bodies fight off cancers. It is this strong immune system that explains why, although we are frequently exposed to viruses, these often don’t lead to illness. Similarly, the threats to our social groups posed by the evolution of invisible rivalry led us to develop practices and institutions to maximise cooperation. I call this our cultural immune system. However, just as cancers find ways to escape from our immune systems, some individuals use their intelligence to destabilize the group’s social norms for their own benefit. To fight the enemy, we can boost the cultural immune system, much like how we can improve our biological immune systems through healthy lifestyles and vaccination. But this isn’t going to happen until we first recognise the problem that invisible rivalry poses. In my view, the best way is through education. We are all part of the cultural immune system. If we understand our evolutionary heritage, we will be open-eyed to the danger that: freeloaders pose to society and place our trust more clear-sightedly — much as the body’s defence system learns to recognise the agents associated with cancers to deal with them. We must work together to stay one step ahead of humanity’s opportunistic nature. Without beliefs, norms and a proper understanding of human nature, we are at the mercy of our selfish biological heritage. Evolution has made us this way but we can learn to overcome it. 1．The underlined phrase “to undermine the group” in Paragraph 1 most probably means _______. A．to strengthen the group’s unity B．to weaken or damage the group C．to expand the group’s influence D．to reorganize the group’s structure 2．What can be inferred about the cultural immune system? A．It contributes to humanity’s competitiveness. B．Human dishonesty is said to be its byproduct. C．Internal threats in society cannot escape from it. D．It can be improved through enhancing cooperation. 3．What can we learn from this passage? A．The minority’s selfishness doesn’t mean cancers for society. B．It is hard to maintain the appearance of a cooperative nature. C．We need agree on the fact that invisible rivalry brings harm. D．The stability of society lies in humanity’s opportunistic nature. 4．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．The Cure for Social Ills. B．The Mercy of Humanity. C．The Value in Institutions. D．The Root of Invisible Rivalry. 5．From the passage, it can be inferred that the stable development of human society mainly relies on _______. A．the natural disappearance of competitive desires over time B．our constant efforts to discover and control hidden selfish acts C．individuals’ willingness to give up personal interests for the group D．the complete replacement of biological laws by cultural rules 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类进化出的“隐形竞争”——隐藏自私意图以维持合作表象，并通过“文化免疫系统”抵御其对社会的危害，强调教育与合作对维护社会稳定的重要性。 【详解】 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“But these cancer cells weren’t the only internal threat our ancestors faced. Their survival was also threatened by individuals attempting to undermine the group. At the heart of the story is this question: is human nature selfish or altruistic, competitive or cooperative? The answer has profound implications for how we aim to structure society. (但这些癌症细胞并不是我们祖先面临的唯一内部威胁。他们的生存也受到试图to undermine the group的个人的威胁。故事的核心是这个问题：人性是自私还是利他，是竞争还是合作？这个答案对我们如何构建社会有着深远的影响)”可知，后文对自私行为的描述表明，to undermine the group指的是削弱或损害群体利益。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Similarly, the threats to our social groups posed by the evolution of invisible rivalry led us to develop practices and institutions to maximise cooperation. I call this our cultural immune system. (同样，隐形竞争的演变对我们的社会群体构成的威胁促使我们发展实践和制度，以最大限度地加强合作。我称之为我们的文化免疫系统)”及第四段“To fight the enemy, we can boost the cultural immune system, much like how we can improve our biological immune systems through healthy lifestyles and vaccination. (为了对抗敌人，我们可以增强文化免疫系统，就像我们通过健康的生活方式和接种疫苗来增强生物免疫系统一样)”可知，文化免疫系统可通过增强合作来提升。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“If we understand our evolutionary heritage, we will be open-eyed to the danger that freeloaders pose to society and place our trust more clear-sightedly — much as the body’s defence system learns to recognise the agents associated with cancers to deal with them. (如果我们了解我们的进化遗产，我们将清醒地认识到不劳而获者对社会构成的危险，并以更清醒的眼光去付诸信任——就像身体的防御系统学会识别与癌症相关的病原体来应对它们一样)”可知，隐形竞争对社会有害，我们需要认清这一点。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段“However, just as cancers find ways to escape from our immune systems, some individuals use their intelligence to destabilize the group’s social norms for their own benefit. To fight the enemy, we can boost the cultural immune system, much like how we can improve our biological immune systems through healthy lifestyles and vaccination.(然而，正如癌症找到逃离我们免疫系统的方法一样，一些人为了自己的利益，利用他们的智力来破坏群体的社会规范。为了对抗敌人，我们可以增强文化免疫系统，就像我们如何通过健康的生活方式和疫苗接种来改善我们的生物免疫系统一样)”以及文章内容可知，文章将社会中的自私行为比作癌症，提出“文化免疫系统”的概念并介绍应对办法，核心是解决社会弊病，所以“治愈社会弊病”适合作为文章标题。 5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In my view, the best way is through education. We are all part of the cultural immune system.(在我看来，最好的办法是通过教育。我们都是文化免疫系统的一部分)”以及最后一段“We must work together to stay one step ahead of humanity’s opportunistic nature. Without beliefs, norms and a proper understanding of human nature, we are at the mercy of our selfish biological heritage. (我们必须共同努力，在人类机会主义的本性中领先一步。如果没有信仰、规范和对人性的正确理解，我们就会受制于自私的生物遗产)”可知，社会稳定依赖持续发现和管控隐性自私行为。 （2026·天津·二模）The modern world is witnessing a growing unease over “affordability” — a term that has surpassed mere economic concern to become a defining anxiety of our age. From skyrocketing housing costs and stagnant (停滞不前的) wages to the rising price of healthcare and education, the feeling that essential goods and services are slipping out of reach has spread through nearly every society, breeding discontent and challenging the legitimacy of established economic systems. Even in historically wealthy nations, families once confident in their ability to build stable lives now face impossible trade-offs between paying rent, covering groceries, and meeting unexpected medical costs. This anxiety is not merely about individual financial hardship; it reflects a deeper crisis of fairness and intergenerational equity. Younger generations, in particular, face a harsh reality: despite working longer hours and being more educated than their parents, they are far less likely to achieve the same level of financial security — owning a home, raising a family, or retiring comfortably. Many are trapped in precarious jobs with few benefits, struggling to save even as inflation erodes their purchasing power. This “affordability gap” has widened not because of economic insufficiency, but because of structural inequities: extreme wealth concentration, unequal access to opportunities, and policies that prioritize short-term corporate profits over long-term social stability. What makes this unease more acute is the widespread sense of powerlessness. Unlike past economic struggles, which were often attributed to external factors like war or natural disasters, today’s affordability crisis is widely seen as a product of deliberate human choices — choices that seem to favor a tiny elite (精英) at the expense of the majority. This perception fuels a growing skepticism toward mainstream economic narratives and a search for alternative systems that prioritize equity over efficiency, and human well-being over endless growth. 1．The underlined word “legitimacy” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A．legal restriction B．reasonable credibility C．practical function D．potential influence 2．According to the passage, the widening affordability gap is rooted in ______. A．insufficient natural and economic resources B．young people’s longer working hours C．unfair social structure and policy preference D．higher educational expectations of the young 3．It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that younger generations ______. A．enjoy better financial welfare than their parents B．fail to attain the same life security as older generations C．owe their hardship mainly to inadequate education D．have completely given up buying houses and starting families 4．Different from previous economic crises, today’s affordability worry ______. A．is caused by unpredictable natural forces B．is widely considered man-made and biased C．has little to do with social economic policies D．can be easily solved by traditional economic means 5．What can we infer about mainstream economic systems nowadays? A．They fully balance equity and economic efficiency. B．They have won complete recognition of the public C．They are facing public doubt and potential reform. D．They perfectly serve the interests of ordinary people. 6．What is the best title for the text? A．The Falling Financial Security of Young Generations B．Structural Problems Behind Global Economic Scarcity C．Widespread Deep Anxiety Over Affordability D．The Conflict Between Efficiency and Social Equity 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．C 【导语】文章探讨了现代社会中普遍存在的“负担能力”焦虑，分析了其成因（结构性不平等、政策偏好）及其对年轻一代的影响，并指出人们对主流经济体系的质疑和对替代模式的探索。   【详解】 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“From skyrocketing housing costs and stagnant wages to the rising price of healthcare and education, the feeling that essential goods and services are slipping out of reach has spread through nearly every society, breeding discontent and challenging the legitimacy of established economic systems (从飞涨的房价和停滞不前的工资到不断上涨的医疗保健和教育价格，基本商品和服务变得遥不可及的感觉已几乎蔓延至每个社会，引发不满，并挑战既定经济体系的“legitimacy”)”可知，当人们觉得生活必需品买不起时，就会对现有的经济体系产生不满，进而质疑其存在的合理性和可信度。 由此可知“legitimacy”与B项的“reasonable credibility(合理可信度)”意义最接近。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This “affordability gap” has widened not because of economic insufficiency, but because of structural inequities: extreme wealth concentration, unequal access to opportunities, and policies that prioritize short-term corporate profits over long-term social stability. (这种“负担能力差距”的扩大不是因为经济匮乏，而是因为结构性不平等：极端财富集中、机会获取不均以及优先考虑短期企业利润而非长期社会稳定的政策。)”可知，负担能力差距的根源在于不公平的社会结构和政策偏好。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Younger generations, in particular, face a harsh reality: despite working longer hours and being more educated than their parents, they are far less likely to achieve the same level of financial security — owning a home, raising a family, or retiring comfortably. (尤其是年轻一代，他们面临着一个严酷的现实：尽管工作时间更长，受教育程度更高，但他们远不可能达到与父母相同的财务安全水平——拥有住房，抚养家庭，或舒适地退休。)”可知，年轻一代无法获得与老一辈相同的生活保障。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlike past economic struggles, which were often attributed to external factors like war or natural disasters, today‘s affordability crisis is widely seen as a product of deliberate human choices — choices that seem to favor a tiny elite at the expense of the majority.(与过去常被归因于战争或自然灾害等外部因素的经济困境不同，当今的负担能力危机被广泛视为人为选择的结果——这些选择似乎以牺牲多数人为代价，偏袒极少数精英。)”可知，当今的负担能力焦虑被认为是由人为的、有偏见的政策导致的。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This perception fuels a growing skepticism toward mainstream economic narratives and a search for alternative systems that prioritize equity over efficiency (这种看法加剧了人们对主流经济叙事的日益怀疑，并促使人们寻找优先考虑公平而非效率的替代体系)”可知，主流经济体系正面临公众的质疑和潜在改革。 6．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇即提出现代世界正经历一场对“负担能力”日益增长的忧虑，将其定义为当今时代的决定性焦虑，随后分析了其普遍性、结构性原因及对年轻一代的影响，并指出人们对主流经济体系的质疑。因此，“Widespread Deep Anxiety Over Affordability(对负担能力的广泛深度焦虑)”最能概括文章主旨。 重难·创新演练 （25-26高三上·天津滨海新区·阶段检测）In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett —“Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory. However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad. Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism. “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.” If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our’ Plan C’ is actually our’ Plan A’,” Sjastad says. It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 1．Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in paragraph1? A．To describe a shallow understanding of failure. B．To offer an example to handle failure. C．To introduce a common attitude towards failure. D．To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. 2．What can we learn from the paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”? A．It refuses negative feedback to ourselves. B．It pictures us as competitive people. C．It poses a severe threat to self- image. D．It protects us from false feedback. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards failure? A．Short-sighted. B．Wait-and-see. C．Skeptical. D．Objective. 4．What does the underlined word “prematurely” in paragraph 5mean? A．Hurriedly. B．Joyfully. C．Unhappily. D．Carelessly. 5．Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A．Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. B．Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. C．Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. D．Don’t escape when our self-image is broken. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了正确的失败观——失败是不可避免的。作者呼吁大家树立正确的失败观，警惕“酸葡萄效应”，当我们完美的自我形象受到外界负面反馈的影响时，不要逃避，不要贬低自己的价值，要勇敢地面对，从中得到学习和提高。 【详解】 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals.(然而，心理学研究发现，我们大多数人都很难建设性地处理失败。换句话说，我们不能“向前失败”。我们找到了贬低我们失败的任务的方法，变得不那么有动力去坚持和达到我们的目标。)”可推知，作者在第一段提出了一个看似正确但实则肤浅的观点，以便后文提出作者自己的见解：仅仅把失败当作一种幸运是肤浅的，而要有建设性地“失败”，从中学习经验。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism. “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says.( Sjastad解释说“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制。“我们大多数人把自己想象成有能力的人，所以当外部反馈表明情况并非如此时，这种自我形象就会受到严重威胁，”他表示。)”可知，“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制，会否认外界对于我们的负面反馈。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy.(这并不意味着我们应该一直坚持目标。如果这个过程不再让我们感到快乐，那么改变雄心壮志可能是健康的。)”和最后一段“Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.(失败是不可避免的。通过学会面对失望，而不是贬低它的重要性，假装什么都没发生，你可能会发现更容易实现你的目标。)”可知，作者认为失败是不可避免的，有时候我们需要失败，同时要面对失败，由此可推知，作者从正反两方面来对待失败，所以说作者对待失败的态度是客观的。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.(而不是坚持一会儿，看看我们是否可以学习和提高。)”可知，前后是对比关系，即酸葡萄效应可能导致我们过早地做出这个决定，而不是坚持一会儿，看看我们是否可以学习和提高，由此可推知，划线单词prematurely，与hanging on a little意思相反，意为“过早地”，与A项“匆忙地”意思相近，故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.( 失败是不可避免的。通过学会面对失望，而不是贬低它的重要性，假装什么都没发生，你可能会发现更容易实现你的目标。)”可推知，作者通过全文的讨论，呼吁大家树立正确的失败观，警惕“酸葡萄效应”，当我们完美的自我形象受到外界负面反馈的影响时，不要逃避，不要贬低自己的价值，要勇敢地面对，从中得到学习和提高，故作者最有可能同意D项“当我们的自我形象被打破时，不要逃避”。故选D。 （25-26高三上·天津宝坻·阶段检测）Believe it or not, you could be creating a bad impression on others, whether at your job or in your personal life, with what you don’t say, even if you are saying and doing the right things. That’s because many of our reactions to others are based on body language. If your body language is communicating a negative message, that’s the message others could be getting regardless of what actual words come out of your mouth. What are some of the negative messages sent via body language? Things like having your arms folded across the chest can show hostility (敌意). Lack of eye contact can indicate shiftiness (奸诈). An unsmiling face could communicate a variety of things, like anger, disappointment or sadness, depending upon what other facial expressions are included at the same time. Want to know what body language communicates? An interesting approach is to watch a TV show or a movie with the sound of, and see how much you can figure out of the plot, or at least you can get a sense of what is going on. However, many of the clues that indicate negativity could also be the result of nervousness or other issues. For example, somebody who doesn’t make eye contact could simply be nervous. The same is true of a not-so-firm hand-shake. Someone folding his arms could simply be more comfortable with the arms that way. Someone who doesn’t smile could be self-conscious about her teeth. The person who sends off bad body gestures may not even realize that they’re doing it. Unfortunately, some people who do recognize what body language communicates are scam (欺诈) artists. They may have the firmest handshake you’ve ever had, the shiniest smile you’ve ever seen and make the greatest eye contact so that you find their sincerity so convincing and their schemes so irresistible. They can achieve what they desire because they know how much this nonverbal communication matters in communicating a sense of trustworthiness. People fall for them, because their body language seems so truthful. If you’re not sure what your body language is communicating, better ask a trusted friend for help. You can also concentrate on standing up straight and sitting up straight, if posture (姿势) is a problem. What’s more, practicing in front of a mirror can also help you get rid of some bad habits. Also, remember to smile and nod if needed. And try to learn how to relax. Pay more attention to these details in your daily communications, and you will send more positive messages with your body language. 1．Watching a TV show with the sound turned off, we can ________. A．have a chance to experience how much body language counts B．practice how to read other’s body language correctly C．have a lot of fun guessing what the characters are saying D．learn to tell the messages such as hostility or shiftiness 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．A person who is not smiling must be communicating hostility. B．Verbal expressions matter more in making an impression on others. C．A not-so-firm handshake may indicate that one may be frightened or worried about something. D．We can judge a person’s attitude correctly according to his expression. 3．We can learn from the 4th paragraph that ________. A．a person with great eye contact will be seen a scam artist B．people can make use of body language for wrong purposes C．one should not put trust in a person with a shiniest smile D．you will be regarded as a scam artist if you shake hands firmly 4．The underlined phrase “fall for” is closest in meaning to ________. A．be taken in. B．be given up C．be used to D．be fully dropped 5．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Secret of Body Language. B．Body Language and Messages. C．Is Body Language Serving You Well? D．What Can Body Language Convey? 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍肢体语言传递的信息、易产生的误解及正确运用肢体语言的方法。 【详解】 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“An interesting approach is to watch a TV show or a movie with the sound off, and see how much you can figure out of the plot, or at least you can get a sense of what is going on.(一个有趣的方法是关掉声音看电视节目或电影，看看你能看懂多少情节，或者至少能知道正在发生什么)”可知，关掉声音看影视作品能让人体会到肢体语言的重要性。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, many of the clues that indicate negativity could also be the result of nervousness or other issues. For example, somebody who doesn’t make eye contact could simply be nervous. The same is true of a not-so-firm handshake.(然而，许多显示负面情绪的信号也可能是紧张或其他问题导致的。例如，不进行眼神交流的人可能只是紧张。握手不够有力也是如此)”可知，握手不坚定可能是因为紧张或担忧。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Unfortunately, some people who do recognize what body language communicates are scam (欺诈) artists. They may have the firmest handshake you’ve ever had, the shiniest smile you’ve ever seen and make the greatest eye contact so that you find their sincerity so convincing and their schemes so irresistible.(不幸的是，有些懂得肢体语言所传达信息的人是骗子。他们可能会和你握最有力的手，露出最灿烂的笑容，进行最充分的眼神交流，让你觉得他们非常真诚，从而无法抗拒他们的骗局)”可知，有人会利用肢体语言达到欺诈的不正当目的。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的 They can achieve what they desire because they know how much this nonverbal communication matters in communicating a sense of trustworthiness. People fall for them, because their body language seems so truthful.(他们能达到目的是因为他们知道这种非语言交流在传递信任感方面有多重要。人们会fall for他们，因为他们的肢体语言看起来非常真诚)”可知，骗子靠伪装的肢体语言获取信任，人们会被他们欺骗。因此fall for的意思与 “be taken in(被欺骗)”相近。故选A项。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Believe it or not, you could be creating a bad impression on others, whether at your job or in your personal life, with what you don’t say, even if you are saying and doing the right things. That’s because many of our reactions to others are based on body language.(信不信由你，无论在工作中还是个人生活中，即使你言行得体，你没说的话也可能给别人留下不好的印象。这是因为我们对他人的很多反应都是基于肢体语言的)”、第三段中的 “However, many of the clues that indicate negativity could also be the result of nervousness or other issues.(然而，许多显示负面情绪的信号也可能是紧张或其他问题导致的)”、第四段中的“Unfortunately, some people who do recognize what body language communicates are scam artists.(不幸的是，有些懂得肢体语言所传达信息的人是骗子)”以及第五段中的“Pay more attention to these details in your daily communications, and you will send more positive messages with your body language.(在日常交流中多注意这些细节，你就能用肢体语言传递更多积极的信息)”可知，文章围绕肢体语言展开，既讲了它可能传递负面信息、造成误解、被不法分子利用的情况，也给出了让其传递积极信息的建议，核心是探讨肢体语言是否能为人们带来积极作用。选项C“肢体语言对你有益吗？”能够概括全文核心内容，最适合作为标题。故选C项。 （25-26高三上·天津滨海新区·阶段检测）“A lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” It’s a well-known saying. But a more accurate version would be: “A confidently told lie is halfway around the world before the truth has got its boots on.” Because basically, we humans are far more likely to accept and believe information delivered confidently. By a confident person, or by a source using confident language, etc. When two or more people are involved in a decision-making process where they know different things, confidently expressed arguments are perceived as delivering better information, which determines the decision. And as the modern world has shown us repeatedly, this regularly leads to undesirable outcomes. Why would this tendency come about? Well, humans are highly gregarious, and during our evolutionary (进化的) development, most of our information about the world came from other people. So, if ancient humans heard someone confidently declare “There’s a tiger coming”, instinctively (本能地) believing them was a valuable survival skill. Confidently delivered information may be more persuasive, but that doesn’t mean it’s correct, even if the confident person genuinely believes it is. We’ve all met someone who confidently lectures others on how the world works, despite being wrong about literally everything. It’s the Dunning-Kruger effect, where people with low ability/ experience/ knowledge about something often significantly overestimate their abilities/ expertise regarding it. This is because the ability to recognize your intellectual limits requires sufficient intelligence. Lacking that, you won’t question your (limited) understanding, so you can mouth laughable nonsense with total confidence. We live in a highly interconnected, increasingly complex society, where countless people and worldviews end up overlapping (重叠) constantly. So, someone who is objectively, unquestionably wrong, but still unshakably confident can end up convincing many others that they’re right. Left unchecked, it can end up with individuals with no abilities beyond unshakeable confidence being put in charge. And that won’t end well for anyone. 1．What tendency is presented about humans in the first two paragraphs? A．Hating bad results much. B．Believing lies too easily. C．Trusting confident statements. D．Lacking decision-making skills. 2．What does the underlined word “gregarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Sensitive. B．Competitive. C．Ignorant. D．Social. 3．Why do some people fall into the Dunning-Kruger effect? A．They aren’t wise enough. B．They are hard to persuade. C．They aren’t questioned by experts. D．They are afraid of admitting mistakes. 4．In what tone is the last paragraph written? A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Enthusiastic. D．Concerned. 5．Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the text? A．Confident people are always right. B．Confidence always leads to positive outcomes. C．Confidence can mislead people. D．Lies are easier to detect than truths. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们更易相信自信表达的信息这一倾向，分析其源于人类进化中的生存需求，指出自信信息未必正确，并警示该倾向若不受控可能带来不良后果。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Because basically, we humans are far more likely to accept and believe information delivered confidently. By a confident person, or by a source using confident language, etc.(因为从本质上讲，人类更容易接受和相信那些自信传递的信息——无论是来自自信的人，还是使用笃定语气的信息源等等)”以及第二段“When two or more people are involved in a decision-making process where they know different things, confidently expressed arguments are perceived as delivering better information, which determines the decision.(当两人或多人共同参与决策，且各自掌握的信息不同时，人们会认为表达自信的观点传递的信息更有价值，而这会直接决定最终决策)”可知，前两段提出的人类倾向是更容易相信以自信方式传递的信息。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Well, humans are highly gregarious, and during our evolutionary (进化的) development, most of our information about the world came from other people.(首先，人类是高度gregarious。在漫长的进化过程中，我们对世界的认知大多来自他人)”中划线词下文“人类对世界的认知大多来自他人”是对“gregarious”的解释，即依赖他人、需要与他人互动，由此可推断该词意为“群居的、社交的”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“This is because the ability to recognize your intellectual limits requires sufficient intelligence. Lacking that, you won’t question your (limited) understanding, so you can mouth laughable nonsense with total confidence.(这是因为要认识到自己的智力局限性需要具备足够的智慧。如果没有这种智慧，你就不会质疑自己（有限的）的理解，所以你就能毫无顾忌地随口说出一些荒谬的言论了)”可知，邓宁-克鲁格效应的成因是认清自身认知局限需要足够的智力，而这类人缺乏这种智力，无法质疑自己的认知；由此可知，一些人陷入达克效应是因为他们不够聪明，无法认知自身缺陷。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Left unchecked, it can end up with individuals with no abilities beyond unshakeable confidence being put in charge. And that won’t end well for anyone.(如果不加以控制，最终可能会出现这样一种情况：那些除了极度自信之外毫无其他能力的人被委以重任。而这样的结果对任何人来说都不会是好事)”可知，作者指出若不约束相信自信言论的倾向，可能导致无能力却极度自信的人掌权，并明确表示这对任何人都不是好事，语气中充满对该后果的担忧。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Confidently delivered information may be more persuasive, but that doesn’t mean it’s correct, even if the confident person genuinely believes it is.(自信地传递信息可能更有说服力，但这并不意味着它是正确的，即使自信的人真的相信它是正确的)”以及第六段“So, someone who is objectively, unquestionably wrong, but still unshakably confident can end up convincing many others that they’re right.(所以，有些人即便在客观上、毫无疑问是错误的，但依然坚定不移地坚信自己是对的，最终却能够说服很多人相信他们也是正确的)”可知，自信传递的信息未必正确，甚至可能让他人相信错误的观点，即自信可能误导人。故选C。 （25-26高三上·天津河西·阶段检测）Anyone complaining the loss of the true meaning of Christmas probably shouldn’t celebrate in China. Here, it’s mostly business as usual on the 25th. Vacation time won’t come until weeks later for China’s own winter holiday: Chinese New Year in mid-February. Santa exists primarily in malls, plus the occasional grocery store or cafe. Some members of the younger generation have started playing Secret Santa, while others have bought artificial trees for their homes and offices. There is, however, one Christmas tradition that’s definitely Chinese: Apples. The Chinese word for apple, pingguo, sounds a lot like the Chinese word for Christmas Eve, ping’an ye, and, as such, a tradition has formed. While Americans shell out (支付) lots of US dollars for high-tech presents like iPhones and Xboxes, Chinese friends simply exchange apples. I’m in an overlit fruit market in Hangzhou. Christmas music — though in Mandarin — is playing over the store loudspeakers. Staffers are wearing green aprons and red Santa caps. This is the most Christmas spirit I’ve seen outside Starbucks. It’s an odd time to grocery shop — Saturday night, just before closing — but the store is full. Santa-capped employees hand bags of fruit to a stream of customers. I walk past many tiny, apple-sized boxes. Some boxes are clear, except for the outlines of cute cartoon bears with tiny plastic ears popping up on top. Some boxes proclaim “Merry Christmas!” and “Happy New Year!” in English on their sides. Some apples aren’t in boxes at all, but are rather all tied up in festive pink and purple cellophane (玻璃纸). I need to choose a more traditional Western package of red and green cardboard and I call over an employee for help: He’s dressed in head-to-toe Santa Claus clothes, complete with black boots and a fake beard. “Merry Christmas!” I say, briefly forgetting that this particular Kris Kringle might not understand me. When a friend once told me to bring apples to my first-ever Chinese dinner party, it seemed like a cheap offering until I saw the price: Nearly 70 RMB(over $10) for just a few of them. That’s not unbearably expensive, but the cost is comparable to produce we’d consider exotic (异乎寻常的) in the US. Meanwhile, in the fruit market in my neighborhood, a woman in a Santa cap is ringing me up at the cashier. “Merry Christmas,” I say, once again forgetting about the language barrier. Then I realize I don’t even know how to say Christmas in Mandarin. Instead, I fall back on my old faithful phrase, one which I hope will evoke what I mean: A big smile and “Xiexie, zaijian” 1．What does the article mainly talk about? A．How people celebrate Christmas Day in China. B．The Chinese people exchange apples at Christmas Eve. C．The western tradition — exchanging apples spreads in China. D．A Christmas tradition the author experienced in China. 2．In the 7th paragraph, the underlined phrase “Kris Kringle” refers to ________. A．Santa Claus B．a friend of the author C．one employee D．a stranger 3．According to the article, which statement is TRUE? A．The author thinks that the true meaning of Christmas has lost. B．Santa exists originally in shopping malls, occasionally at the grocery store or cafe. C．The author can speak Chinese fluently with the cashier in a fruit market. D．Staffers’ wearing green aprons and red Santa caps is the most Christmas spirit besides Starbucks. 4．According to the passage, which of the following is not western Christmas tradition? A．Exchanging apples as Christmas gifts. B．Buying Christmas trees to decorate homes. C．Choosing red and green packs. D．Wearing green aprons and red Santa caps. 5．What attitude does the author hold towards the Chinese tradition of Christmas? A．Indifferent. B．Neutral. C．Prejudiced. D．Tolerant. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述在中国过圣诞的经历，提及中国圣诞多如常，特色是交换苹果，还描述在杭州水果店感受圣诞氛围、购物互动的场景。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Here, it’s mostly business as usual on the 25th. Vacation time won’t come until weeks later for China’s own winter holiday: Chinese New Year in mid-February. Santa exists primarily in malls, plus the occasional grocery store or cafe. Some members of the younger generation have started playing Secret Santa, while others have bought artificial trees for their homes and offices.(在这里，12月25日（圣诞节）这天基本和往常没两样。中国自己的冬季节日要等几周后才到，也就是2月中旬的春节。圣诞老人主要出现在商场里，偶尔也会在杂货店或咖啡馆见到。一些年轻人开始玩“秘密圣诞老人”（互换礼物）的游戏，还有人会给家里和办公室购置人造圣诞树。)”及后文对水果店场景的描述可知，作者以自身经历为线索，讲述在杭州水果店感受中国特色圣诞习俗（送苹果）、与店员互动等场景，核心是“作者在中国经历的圣诞传统”。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第六段“He’s dressed in head-to-toe Santa Claus clothes, complete with black boots and a fake beard. (他从头到脚穿着圣诞老人的衣服，配有黑靴子和假胡子。)”及第七段 ““Merry Christmas!” I say, briefly forgetting that this particular Kris Kringle might not understand me.(我说：“圣诞快乐！”，一时忘了这位Kris Kringle可能听不懂我的话。)”可知，“Kris Kringle”指前文穿圣诞老人服装的店员，即“圣诞老人”的另一种称呼。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Santa exists primarily in malls, plus the occasional grocery store or cafe. (圣诞老人主要出现在商场里，偶尔也会出现在杂货店或咖啡馆。)”可知，圣诞老人常见于商场，偶尔也会出现在杂货店或咖啡馆里。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“There is, however, one Christmas tradition that’s definitely Chinese: Apples. The Chinese word for apple, pingguo, sounds a lot like the Chinese word for Christmas Eve, ping’ an ye, and, as such, a tradition has formed. (但有一个圣诞传统绝对是中国特色的：苹果。“苹果”的中文发音和“平安夜”很像，于是这个传统就形成了。)”可知，“交换苹果作为圣诞礼物”是中国特色传统，非西方传统。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据全文描述，作者面对中国特色的圣诞习俗（如交换苹果、店员的圣诞装扮）时，始终以包容的态度接纳：在水果店主动用英文说“Merry Christmas”，即使意识到语言障碍也以微笑和中文“谢谢，再见”收尾；看到高价苹果时仅客观提及价格，无负面评判。文中倒数第三段中“When a friend once told me to bring apples to my first-ever Chinese dinner party, it seemed like a cheap offering until I saw the price(有一次朋友让我带苹果去参加人生中第一次中式家宴，我原本以为这是份便宜的伴手礼，直到看到价格才改变想法。)”作者仅记录最初的想法与实际情况的差异，未表现出排斥。这种对不同文化习俗的接纳，体现了“宽容（Tolerant）” 的态度。故选D项。 （2025·天津和平·二模）Some games are destined to live in your memory forever. These are the ones that become instant classics; people talk about them for years after release, sometimes even decades. They appear on every best-of list and get played and replayed over and over again. The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild is one of these games. First released as a launch title for the Nintendo Switch in 2017, people are still discovering Breath of the Wild four years later. I first picked up the game about six months after Nintendo Switch came out-the earliest I could finally get my hands on the console (游戏机). It was late enough to have heard the accolades but before it had been regarded as one of best video games of all time. I loved every second. It was tough, but worth pushing through. I’ve done most of what there is to do. But there’s one big thing I haven’t done: beat the game. I’ve completed all the story quests (任务) up to the ending. I’ve even wandered the castle. But I can’t bring myself to save the princess. Every time I decide I’m going to take the plunge (毅然决定) , I throw my controller aside. I can’t bring myself to do it. If I beat Breath of the Wild, the adventure is over. As long as I avoid finishing it, there’s still something new to discover. Chances are, I’m not alone. Surely other gamers do this-and not just with Breath of the Wild. This isn’t about losing interest; it’s wanting to always have more left to play. This refusal to complete a game might sound ridiculous. But let’s be real: It’s not uncommon for the ending to be far from the best part. Too often, I’ve been upset about the way a story ended or that a character didn’t get the closure I really wanted. Only recently did I realize those things didn’t really matter; the point of a game is the quest itself, not the ending, so why bother rushing through it? I’m not sure if I’ll ever finish Breath of the Wild. At this point I’m not going to dive back into the game because I’ve completely forgotten what to do and how to do it. I have vague (模糊的) plans to replay it before the sequel (续集) comes out, but for now I’m fine with not having finished this Zelda variant (系列). 1．The underlined word “accolades” in paragraph two probably A．blessings B．complaints C．rumors D．praises 2．The author hasn’t finished the game yet because ________. A．he finds it too hard to clear all the quests and save the princess B．he is upset that the story may not end in the way he really wants C．he is reluctant to end the amazing adventure the game has brought him D．he is unsatisfied with the closure that the character is going to receive 3．According to the passage, what can be inferred about the author? A．He purchased the Nintendo Switch as soon as the product came out B．He is still playing the game, Breath of the Wild, in his spare time. C．He values the process of the game more than its result. D．He has lost interest in finishing the game, Breath of the Wild, in the future. 4．Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the author’s current attitude towards The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild? A．Indifferent, as he prefers the coming sequel ones B．Uninterested, he no longer considers replaying C．Content, as he enjoys the journey though not finishing it yet D．Skeptical, thinking they rarely live up to expectations 5．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A．explain why some players avoid completing games B．criticize game developers for poor story endings C．promote the unique gameplay of Breath of the Wild D．argue that difficulty levels ruin gaming experiences 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》为例，阐述自己及部分玩家拒绝通关游戏的原因，强调享受过程而非结局 。 【详解】 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“It was late enough to have heard the accolades but before it had been regarded as one of best video games of all time.(时间已经比较晚了，我已经听到了accolades，但此时它还没有被认为是有史以来最好的电子游戏之一。)”，结合前文提到这款游戏人们会谈论很多年，且根据后面“被认为是有史以来最好的电子游戏之一”可推测，accolades应该是表示“好的评价、赞扬”的意思。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“If I beat Breath of the Wild, the adventure is over. As long as I avoid finishing it, there’s still something new to discover.(如果我通关了《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》，这场冒险就结束了。只要我不完成它，就仍然有新的东西可以去发现。)” 可知，作者还没有完成游戏是因为他不愿意结束这款游戏带给他的精彩冒险。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Only recently did I realize those things didn’t really matter; the point of a game is the quest itself, not the ending, so why bother rushing through it?(直到最近我才意识到那些事情其实并不重要；游戏的重点是任务本身，而不是结局，所以为什么要急着通关呢？)”可知，作者认为游戏的过程比结果更重要。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m not sure if I’ll ever finish Breath of the Wild. At this point I’m not going to dive back into the game because I’ve completely forgotten what to do and how to do it. I have vague (模糊的) plans to replay it before the sequel (续集) comes out, but for now I’m fine with not having finished this Zelda variant (系列).(我不确定我是否会完成《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》。在这一点上，我不打算再重新玩这个游戏了，因为我已经完全忘记了该做什么以及怎么做。我有一个模糊的计划，在续作出来之前重玩它，但目前我对还没有完成这个《塞尔达》系列感到没什么问题。)”可知，作者虽然没有完成游戏，但他很享受这个过程，目前对此感到满足。故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者玩《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》这款游戏却没有通关的经历，以及解释了自己不想通关的原因，并且提到其他玩家也可能有类似情况，还阐述了游戏的重点是过程而非结局。结合第三段“Chances are, I’m not alone. Surely other gamers do this-and not just with Breath of the Wild. This isn’t about losing interest; it’s wanting to always have more left to play.(很有可能，我不是一个人。肯定其他玩家也会这样做 —— 而且不只是在《塞尔达传说：旷野之息》这款游戏上。这不是失去兴趣的问题；而是想要总是有更多的内容可以玩。)”可知，文章的目的是解释为什么一些玩家会避免完成游戏。故选A。 （2025·天津南开·一模）Larry was a truck driver, but his lifelong dream was to fly. When he graduated from high school, he joined the Air Force in hopes of becoming a pilot. Unfortunately, poor eyesight disqualified him. So, when he finally left the service, he had to satisfy himself with watching others fly the fighter jets that criss-crossed (纵横交错) the skies over his backyard. As he sat there in his lawn chair, he dreamed about the magic of flying. Then one day, Larry Walters got an idea. He went down to the local store and bought a tank of helium (氦气) and forty-five weather balloons. Back in his yard, Larry used straps to attach the balloons to his lawn chair, the kind you might have in your own back yard. He anchored the chair to the bumper of his jeep and inflated (充气) the balloons with helium. Then he packed some sandwiches and drinks and loaded a BB gun, figuring he could pop a few of those balloons when it was time to return to earth. His preparations complete, Larry Walters sat in his chair and cut the anchoring cord. His plan was to lazily float up a ways, and then lazily back down to ground. But, things didn’t quite work out that way. When Larry cut the cord, he didn’t float lazily up-he shot up as if fired from a cannon! Nor did he go up a couple hundred feet. He climbed and climbed, until he finally leveled off at eleven THOUSAND feet! At that height, he could hardly risk deflating any of the balloons, lest he unbalance the load and really experience flying! So, he stayed up there, sailing around for fourteen hours, totally at a loss as to how to get down. Eventually, Larry drifted into the approach corridor for Los Angeles International Airport. A Pan Am (泛美航空公司) pilot radioed the tower about passing a guy in a lawn chair at eleven thousand feet... with a gun in his lap! At that point, the Navy sent a helicopter to rescue him. But, the rescue team had a hard time getting to him, because the draft from their propeller (螺旋桨) kept pushing his home-made machine farther and farther away. Eventually they were able to hover over him and drop a rescue line with which they gradually pulled him back to earth. As soon as Larry hit the ground, he was arrested. But as he was being led away in handcuffs (手铐), a television reporter called out to ask, “Mr. Walters, why did you do it?” Larry stopped, eyed the man for a moment and replied casually, “A man can’t just sit around.” 1．What caused Larry to be kept away from his dream? A．Strict Air Force rules. B．His identity as a truck driver. C．His lawn chair. D．His poor eyesight. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Larry’s successful attempt to fly a fighter jet using helium balloons. B．Larry’s successful flying with helium balloons and a lawn chair. C．Larry’s invention of a new type of weather balloon for scientific research. D．Larry’s preparations and plan to float using helium balloons. 3．How did the Pan Am pilot feel when he saw Larry? A．Regretful. B．Surprised. C．Grateful. D．Thrilled. 4．Why didn’t he deflate any of the balloons? A．Because he wanted to stay in the air longer to enjoy the view. B．Because he was worried about unbalancing the load and causing an accident. C．Because he forgot to fire his BB gun. D．Because he was afraid the balloons would explode at high altitude. 5．By saying “A man can’t just sit around” in the last paragraph, the author means ______. A．Larry wanted to avoid physical activity and preferred sitting in his lawn chair B．Larry believed in taking action and pursuing his dreams rather than doing nothing C．Larry was tired of flying and decided to give up on his dream D．Larry was criticizing others for not sitting around like him 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Larry Walters试图用氦气球和草坪椅实现飞行梦想的故事。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When he graduated from high school, he joined the Air Force in hopes of becoming a pilot. Unfortunately, poor eyesight disqualified him.(当他高中毕业时，他加入了空军，希望能成为一名飞行员。不幸的是，糟糕的视力使他失去了资格)”可知，Larry无法成为飞行员的原因是糟糕的视力。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Then one day, Larry Walters got an idea.(然后有一天，Larry Walters有了一个想法)”和“His preparations complete, Larry Walters sat in his chair and cut the anchoring cord. His plan was to lazily float up a ways, and then lazily back down to ground.(准备工作完成后，拉里·沃尔特斯坐在椅子上，割断了锚索。他的计划是懒洋洋地浮上一段路，然后懒洋洋地回到地面)”可知，本段主要讲述了Larry为了实现用氦气球漂浮的计划而做的准备。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“A Pan Am (泛美航空公司) pilot radioed the tower about passing a guy in a lawn chair at eleven thousand feet…with a gun in his lap.(一名泛美航空公司的飞行员用无线电通知塔台，说在11000英尺的高空看到一个人坐在草坪椅上……腿上还放着一把枪)”可知，泛美航空的飞行员看到Larry时，一定是非常惊讶的。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“At that height, he could hardly risk deflating any of the balloons, lest he unbalance the load and really experience flying.(在那个高度，他几乎不敢冒放气任何一个气球的风险，以免失去平衡，真正体验到飞行的感觉)”可知，Larry没有放掉任何一个气球是因为他担心会失去平衡并导致事故。故选B。 5．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“As soon as Larry hit the ground, he was arrested.(Larry一落地就被逮捕了)”可知，虽然Larry的行动导致了他被逮捕，但他仍然坚持自己的信念，即要采取行动并追求梦想，而不是无所事事。由此可知，“A man can’t just sit around”这句话的意思是“一个人不能只是闲着”，它表达了Larry相信要采取行动并追求梦想的观点。故选B。 真题·实战演练 （2026·全国一卷·高考真题）In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1．What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A．They affect the growth of other trees. B．They absorb less carbon than expected. C．They harm people’s health indirectly. D．They raise the local temperature slowly. 2．Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A．Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B．Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C．Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D．Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 3．What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Honest about. B．Unaware of. C．Related to. D．Optimistic about. 4．What would Auyeung probably advocate? A．Reducing car use in daily life. B．Providing animals with new habitats. C．Controlling population growth. D．Doing more research on the problem. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 （2025·天津·高考真题）I first encountered tai chi in Ottawa’s Chinatown. Men and women gathered in loose formation. Their actions combined to achieve a meditative (冥想的) dance. I was amazed by its beauty and grace. It was like watching a water lily opening. Yet I couldn’t see the point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling — and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build muscle, my objective for all activities. I chose only to admire this martial art (武术) but kept my distance. Years later, a recommendation from my doctor brought me to a training group for tai chi beginners led by a caring instructor. I had thought that my goal would be to master the 108 moves. Technically right, but wrong on so many counts. The class was full of lovely people who glided effortlessly, seemingly never confused about where to move next. They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right. Commit and improve: That was the only path. Another realization came to me when I attended an advanced class. We began with foundation exercises, and almost immediately, the instructor singled me out for instruction. To be singled out was an honour, but I was mortified. All the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me while the instructor corrected my positioning. “Don’t bend, “he said, and I repeated the movement. “Straighten your back, “he urged, and on it went — probably for only a few minutes, but it seemed like hours. I couldn’t say, “Yeah, I get it.” I had to show that I did. I concentrated as I had never done before, listening to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. I was unlearning and learning, overcoming awkwardness to focus. I realized that I was learning a new way of being in the world—truly listening and open to correction. I don’t know that I will ever master the 108 moves. What I do know is that I have found an activity in my life where change and growth are not just possible but expected, even when my stubborn (固执的) personality tendencies re-emerge at every turn. 1．What was the author’s first impression of tai chi? A．Pleasant to the eye but not of much use. B．Too slow to be regarded as a martial art. C．Helpful in accomplishing fitness goals. D．Mysterious and difficult to master. 2．In the beginners’ class, the author realized that mastering tai chi required_________. A．discipline B．leadership C．persistence D．teamwork 3．What does the underlined word “mortified” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Angered B．Confused C．Disappointed D．Embarrassed 4．How did the author respond to the instructions in the advanced class? A．She denied her weaknesses and carried on. B．She stayed focused and followed attentively. C．She worked hard and displayed her talent. D．She opened up her mind and sought advice. 5．Which of the following can be concluded from the author’s experience? A．Tai chi empowers people to improve. B．Tai chi keeps the balance of the body. C．Tai chi fires people’s passion for sports. D．Tai chi facilitates healthy relationships. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者从最初对太极“好看却无用”的印象，到在练习中领悟其真谛，实现自我成长与改变的经历。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was amazed by its beauty and grace. It was like watching a water lily opening.(我被它的美丽与优雅所震撼，就像观赏睡莲绽放)”以及第二段中的“Yet I couldn’t see the point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling—and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build muscle, my objective for all activities. (但我实在看不出太极的意义所在。我通过健身课、游泳和骑行就能实现健身目标 —— 而且动作这么慢，似乎根本练不了肌肉，而练肌肉是我所有运动的核心目的)”可知，作者最初觉得太极赏心悦目，但没什么实际用处。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were right. Commit and improve: That was the only path.(他们向我保证，自己曾经也都是初学者，还说我大概三四年内就能记住所有招式。三到四年啊！就算是读个研究生学位也用不了这么久。但我知道他们说得对——坚持下去，不断精进，这是唯一的路。）可知，作者意识到掌握太极需要长期的坚持。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“All the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me while the instructor corrected my positioning.(全班其他人都停下来看着我，教练在一旁纠正我的姿势)”可知，被单独点名指导且被众人注视，这种场景会让人感到尴尬，因此“mortified”意为“尴尬的”，与“Embarrassed”同义。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段“I concentrated as I had never done before, listening to what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. (我从未如此专注过，认真听教练的指导，观察他的动作，然后努力让自己的身体模仿着动起来)”可知，在高级班中，作者专注倾听并认真遵循教练的指导。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What I do know is that I have found an activity in my life where change and growth are not just possible but expected(但我知道，我找到了一项能让自己发生改变、实现成长的活动，这种改变和成长不仅可能，更是必然的)”可知，太极赋予了人们自我提升的力量。故选A项。 （2025·北京·高考真题）Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views — for example, “Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have control over. 1．How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Energized. D．Relieved. 2．What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Major achievements. B．Complex feelings. C．Significant impacts. D．Fine differences. 3．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己和女儿关于能否延长看屏幕时间的争论，引出对社会比较这一观念的思考，指出并非所有社会比较都不健康，若理解其原理，可加以利用促进自我提升。 【详解】 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. (虽然我女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾经给出的最糟糕的建议之一。)” 以及后文作者对社会比较的重新思考可知，作者从女儿的争论中得到了启发。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“ In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. (为自己辩护一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的事，就是重复那些大家都认可的观点，却没有探究其中的____。但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。)” 可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况，现在要重新审视，所以“nuances”意思可能是 “细微差别”。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. (当然，社会比较常常会给我们带来情感困扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理，就可以利用它们来提升自我。)”，以及第四段 “Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation (如果你关注那些比你表现出色的人所拥有而你没有的东西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；但如果你将这些比较作为动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力并受到鼓舞)” 等内容，表明了社会比较并非全然有害，若运用得当可成为健康习惯，助力个人发展。所以选项 A“与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”为最佳标题，故选A。 （2018·上海·高考真题）We Have a Painter to Thank for Yellowstone Before artist Thomas Moran set foot in the park, it was seen as unhappy place. After, it was marketed as a wonderland. Before Thomas Moran arrived, Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh, wild place pocked with hellish geysers. After the painter’s work was finished, Yellowstone was established as a national park and marketed as a wonderland.     In 1871 Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson had joined the first U. S. government survey of the region. For two weeks Moran filled a sketchbook with the landscape’s most stunning sights. The survey results, Jackson’s photos, and Moran’s watercolors—the first color renderings of the area—were presented to Congress that fall. “The photographs were proof that what the artist was showing really existed,” says Eleanor Harvey, senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art Museum. In March 1872 lawmakers officially made Yellowstone a national park, the world’s first. By April, Moran had transformed some of his sketches into a 7-by-l2-foot painting. The gold-splattered valley and billowing Lower Falls of “The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone” attracted the public. “It is too grand and wonderful for words,” declared the Ladies’ Repository that August, “and none can ever judge of its wonders from any engraving or photograph in mere black and white. Though Moran later painted Lake Superior, the Grand Canyon, and the Rockies, his reputation was so intertwined with Yellowstone that he took to signing his paintings “TYM,” for Thomas “Yellowstone” Moran. 1．What can we know about Yellowstone according to the passage? A．It was a popular park with geysers before Thomas Moran finished transformation. B．It was an imagination of a harsh and wild place. C．It became a national park with the efforts of Moran and Jackson. D．It is an attractive grand valley. 2．What does the “pocked” mean in the first sentence (paragraph 2)? A．Packed. B．Dotted. C．Blocked. D．Stuck. 3．What are the characteristics of Thomas Moran’s paintings about Yellowstone Park? A．Paying attention to color rendering of paintings. B．His magnificent and wonderful paintings. C．His reputation closely linked to Yellowstone Park. D．His paintings with nothing special. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The Significance of Thomas Moran’s paintings to Yellowstone Park. B．How Yellowstone Park is established as a National Park. C．The Great Painter—Thomas Moran. D．The process of Yellowstone Park being labelled as a fairyland. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了托马斯·莫兰的绘画作品对黄石公园的意义。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Before Thomas Moran arrived, Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh, wild place pocked with hellish geysers. After the painter’s work was finished, Yellowstone was established as a national park and marketed as a wonderland.(在托马斯·莫兰到来之前，黄石公园在大众的想象中是一个严酷、荒凉的地方，pocked地狱般的间歇泉。在画家的作品完成后，黄石公园被建立为国家公园，并被宣传为仙境)”以及第四段“The survey results, Jackson’s photos, and Moran’s watercolors—the first color renderings of the area—were presented to Congress that fall. “The photographs were proof that what the artist was showing really existed,” says Eleanor Harvey, senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.(调查结果、杰克逊的照片和莫兰的水彩画——该地区的第一幅彩色渲染图——于那年秋天提交给了国会。史密森尼美国艺术博物馆的高级策展人Eleanor Harvey说：“这些照片证明了艺术家所展示的东西确实存在。”)”可知，在托马斯·莫兰的作品完成后，黄石公园被视立为国家公园并被宣传为仙境，并且杰克逊的照片和莫兰的水彩画提交后，高级策展人肯定了他们对黄石公园的依据，说明在莫兰和杰克逊的努力下，黄石公园成为了一个国家公园。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Before Thomas Moran arrived, Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh, wild place pocked with hellish geysers. After the painter’s work was finished, Yellowstone was established as a national park and marketed as a wonderland.(在托马斯·莫兰到来之前，黄石公园在大众的想象中是一个严酷、荒凉的地方，pocked地狱般的间歇泉。在画家的作品完成后，黄石公园被建立为国家公园，并被宣传为仙境)”可知，黄石公园被视为一个不快乐的地方。且根据空前的“wild place(荒凉的地方)”以及空后的“with hellish geysers(都是地狱般的间歇泉)”可知，黄石公园是一个荒芜的地方，满是地狱般的间歇泉，呼应了后文的“wonderland”；由此可知，pocked与dotted同义，dotted with意为 “布满，点缀着”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“By April, Moran had transformed some of his sketches into a 7-by-l2-foot painting. The gold- splattered valley and billowing Lower Falls of “The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone” attracted the public. “It is too grand and wonderful for words,” declared the Ladies’ Repository that August, “and none can ever judge of its wonders from any engraving or photograph in mere black and white.(到了4月，莫兰已将其部分速写稿创作成一幅7×12英尺的巨幅油画。这幅《黄石大峡谷》中金辉泼洒的山谷与翻腾的瀑布群震撼了公众。“其壮丽绝非凡语所能形容，”《女士宝鉴》杂志在同年8月刊文中赞叹道，“任何黑白版画或照片都无法传递此地的奇绝之境)”可知，托马斯·莫兰的画作吸引了公众，并感叹“太宏大了，太精彩了。”，所以托马斯的画壮丽而精彩。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段“Before artist Thomas Moran set foot in the park, it was seen as unhappy place. After, it was marketed as a wonderland.(在艺术家托马斯·莫兰踏入公园之前，它被视为一个不快乐的地方。之后，它被宣传为仙境)”以及最后一段“Though Moran later painted Lake Superior, the Grand Canyon, and the Rockies, his reputation was so intertwined with Yellowstone that he took to signing his paintings “TYM,” for Thomas “Yellowstone” Moran.(尽管莫兰后来还画过苏必利尔湖、大峡谷和落基山脉，但他的声誉与黄石公园紧密交织，以至于他开始在画作上署名“TYM”——即“黄石”莫兰（Thomas “Yellowstone” Moran）的缩写)”可知，文章主要讲述了托马斯·莫兰的绘画作品使黄石公园黄石公园从一个不快乐的地方变成了国家公园。所以A选项（托马斯·莫兰的绘画作品对黄石公园的意义），符合文章主旨。故选A。 （2022·上海·高考真题）Business innovation is an organization’s process for introducing new ideas, workflows, methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, wherein ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve on existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels; from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits. Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage; it should help the organization to grow and reach — or, better still, exceed — strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc., which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation; this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 1．What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean？ A．Persuasibility. B．Scarcity. C．Generality. D．Practicability. 2．What is the purpose of business innovation？ A．Create value benefits for the enterprise. B．Reform the management structure of enterprises. C．Encourage staff to make more inventions. D．Upgrade the product performance. 3．Which of the following is true about innovation and invention? A．They are essentially the same concept. B．They can replace each other in the context. C．They can bring huge commercial benefits. D．They are closely related but have different conceptual scopes. 4．What is the main content of this passage? A．The precautions for brainstorming meetings. B．The considerations for business innovation. C．The difference between innovation and invention. D．The revolutionary change in business innovation. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是商业创新的概念、过程及其与发明的区别，同时探讨了创新对企业的价值和潜在风险。 【详解】 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“feasibility and desirability of each idea. (每个想法的可行性和可取性。)”可知，领导者对于头脑风暴所提创意可行性的考虑，划线单词与“feasibility”以及“desirability”为并列关系，所以划线单词的意义与“生存能力，耐用性，可行性”意思相近。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. (商业创新过程的目的是为组织创造价值。)”可知，商业创新过程的目的是为企业创造价值效益。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. (创新和发明是紧密联系在一起的，但这两个术语是不可互换的。发明是一种全新的创造。商业创新的过程可以产生一项发明，但这个术语的范围更广，包括以新的方式应用现有的概念或实践，或将新技术应用于现有的产品或过程以改进它。为了更好地理解两者的区别，不妨这样考虑：电话是一项发明，而智能手机是一项创新。)”可知，此处对创新和发明的区别做出解释，创新和发明密切相关，但具有不同的概念范围。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文及最后一段中的“Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. (商业创新, 像大多数商业计划一样，既有好处也有风险。)”和“On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. (另一方面, 组织需要权衡这些风险和业务创新的好处。)”可知，文章围绕商业创新进行讲述，不仅介绍了其概念，还提出其改进的方向、实现目的以及相关的创新分类，同时，还介绍了商业创新的积极影响和消极影响进行了简要概述，由此可知，本文主要是关于商业创新的相关概念及考量。故选B。 （2014·上海·高考真题） Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator (猎食动物) gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.      Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else. Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don’t make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again. Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them,  and they don't need to share their food. As children, many of us learn the saying “You can’t fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you can't trust her, either. 1．A plover protects its young from a predator by______. A．getting closer to its young B．driving away the adult predator C．leaving its young in another nest D．pretending to be injured 2．By “Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky” (paragraph 5), the author means______. A．chimps are ready to attack others B．chimps are sometimes dishonest C．chimps are jealous of the winners D．chimps can be selfish too 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others. B．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand. C．Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests. D．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Do animals lie? B．Does Mother Nature fool animals? C．How do animals learn to lie? D．How does honesty help animals survive? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。许多动物会通过不诚实行为欺骗其他动物以求生存，如珩科鸟、灌丛鸦、杜鹃、黑猩猩等均有此类表现。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.(例如，一种叫珩科鸟的鸟有时会假装受伤来保护它的幼鸟。)”可知，珩科鸟通过假装受伤来保护幼鸟。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第五段“After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again.(一场战斗之后，失败的黑猩猩会向另一只伸出手。当获胜的黑猩猩也伸出手时，黑猩猩们又变得友好起来。但一位动物专家曾看到一只失败的黑猩猩握住获胜者的手，然后又开始战斗。)”可知，黑猩猩会通过看似友好的行为来欺骗对方，所以“Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky”这句话的意思是黑猩猩有时是不诚实的。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don’t hear them, and they don’t need to share their food.(但是一些聪明的黑猩猩学会了在找到食物时非常轻声地叫。这样，其他黑猩猩就听不到它们的声音，它们也就不需要分享食物了。)”可知，一些聪明的黑猩猩降低叫声是为了不让其他黑猩猩听到，从而不与它们分享食物。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals.(动物不会说话，但它们能以其他方式撒谎吗？它们能通过身体和行为撒谎吗？动物专家可能不会称之为撒谎，但他们确实同意，许多动物，从鸟类到黑猩猩，都会以不诚实的行为来欺骗其他动物。)”以及后文对不同动物不诚实行为的举例可知，文章主要讨论的是动物是否会撒谎。所以A项Do animals lie?(动物会撒谎吗？)符合文意。故选A项。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $