内容正文:
北师大版 · 七年级英语(上)
Unit 4 Interests and Abilities
词汇通关讲义
—— 职业身份 · 性格形容 · 能力动作 ——
一、词汇速查表
本单元共 49 个单词 / 短语,按教材板块排列,可用于快速自查与听写。
板块
单词 / 短语
音标
词性
中文释义
Topic Talk
practise
/ˈpræktɪs/
v.
练习,实习,训练(美式 practice)
Topic Talk
guitar
/ɡɪˈtɑː/
n.
吉他
Topic Talk
interested
/ˈɪntrəstɪd/
adj.
感兴趣的,表现出兴趣的
Topic Talk
be interested in
/biː ˈɪntrəstɪd ɪn/
phr.
对……感兴趣
Topic Talk
crazy
/ˈkreɪzi/
adj.
热衷的,狂热的;疯狂的
Topic Talk
be crazy about
/biː ˈkreɪzi əˈbaʊt/
phr.
对……狂热,热衷于……
Lesson 1
future
/ˈfjuːtʃə/
n. & adj.
将来(的),未来(的)
Lesson 1
ice-skate
/ˈaɪs skeɪt/
v.
滑冰,溜冰
Lesson 1
ski
/skiː/
v. & n.
滑雪;滑雪板
Lesson 1
swimmer
/ˈswɪmə/
n.
游泳者
Lesson 1
writer
/ˈraɪtə/
n.
作家;作者
Lesson 1
artist
/ˈɑːtɪst/
n.
艺术家,画家
Lesson 1
scientist
/ˈsaɪəntɪst/
n.
科学家
Lesson 1
musician
/mjuˈzɪʃn/
n.
音乐家,作曲家
Lesson 1
singer
/ˈsɪŋə/
n.
歌唱家,歌手
Lesson 1
energetic
/ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/
adj.
精力充沛的,充满活力的
Lesson 1
hope
/həʊp/
v. & n.
希望,期望
Lesson 1
Olympic
/əˈlɪmpɪk/
adj.
奥林匹克运动会的
Lesson 1
amazing
/əˈmeɪzɪŋ/
adj.
令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的
Lesson 1
voice
/vɔɪs/
n.
嗓音,说话声
Lesson 1
relaxed
/rɪˈlækst/
adj.
放松的
Lesson 1
curious
/ˈkjʊəriəs/
adj.
求知欲强的,好奇的
Lesson 1
especially
/ɪˈspeʃəli/
adv.
尤其,特别,格外
Lesson 1
nature
/ˈneɪtʃə/
n.
自然界,大自然
Lesson 2
join
/dʒɔɪn/
v.
成为……的一员,参加,加入
Lesson 2
drama
/ˈdrɑːmə/
n.
戏,剧;戏剧艺术
Lesson 2
dragon
/ˈdræɡən/
n.
龙
Lesson 2
matter
/ˈmætə/
v. & n.
要紧,有重大影响;事情,问题
Lesson 3
disability
/ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/
n.
缺陷,障碍
Lesson 3
type
/taɪp/
v. & n.
打字;类型,种类
Lesson 3
language
/ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/
n.
语言
Lesson 3
still
/stɪl/
adv.
还,还是,仍然
Lesson 3
manage
/ˈmænɪdʒ/
v.
完成(困难的事),勉力完成
Lesson 3
own
/əʊn/
adj./pron./v.
自己的;拥有
Lesson 3
on one's own
/ɒn wʌnz əʊn/
phr.
独自,单独;独立地
Lesson 3
songwriter
/ˈsɒŋraɪtə/
n.
歌词作者,词曲作者
Lesson 3
key
/kiː/
n. & adj.
键;钥匙;最重要的,关键的
Writing
application
/ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/
n.
申请,申请书;应用程序(=app)
Writing
festival
/ˈfestɪvl/
n.
会演,节;节日
Writing
volunteer
/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/
n. & v.
志愿者;自愿做,义务做
Writing
grade
/ɡreɪd/
n.
年级;成绩等级
Writing
personality
/ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/
n.
性格,个性,人格
Writing
creative
/kriˈeɪtɪv/
adj.
有创造力的;创造(性)的
Writing
teamwork
/ˈtiːmwɜːk/
n.
协同工作,配合
Writing
apply
/əˈplaɪ/
v.
申请,请求
Writing
as
/æz/
prep.
作为,当作;像,如同
Writing
consider
/kənˈsɪdə/
v.
仔细考虑;把……看作,认为
Speaking
instrument
/ˈɪnstrəmənt/
n.
乐器;器械,仪器
Speaking
afraid
/əˈfreɪd/
adj.
害怕,畏惧;担心
二、词汇详解(核心词精讲)
以下挑选本单元中考高频词与易考点,按【搭配】【例句】【拓展】【提示】四栏讲透;其余词见速查表。
1. practise /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习,实习,训练(美式拼写 practice)
【搭配】practise doing sth. 练习做某事 | practise (playing) the guitar 练习弹吉他 | practise hard 刻苦训练
【例句】
例1:She practises playing the guitar for an hour every day.
她每天练习弹吉他一小时。
例2:You need to practise speaking English if you want to join the drama club.
如果你想加入戏剧社,你需要练习说英语。
【拓展】名词 practice:do / have some practice 做练习;形容词 practical 实用的。
【提示】★practise 后接动名词 doing,不接 to do。英式英语中动词拼 practise,名词拼 practice;美式英语动名同形 practice。
2. interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ adj. 感兴趣的,表现出兴趣的
【搭配】be interested in (doing) sth. 对(做)……感兴趣 | become / get interested in… 对……产生兴趣
【例句】
例1:I am interested in playing the guitar and writing songs.
我对弹吉他和写歌很感兴趣。
例2:More and more students become interested in Chinese folk music.
越来越多的学生对中国民间音乐产生了兴趣。
【拓展】动词/名词 interest 使感兴趣;利益;形容词 interesting 有趣的;副词 interestedly。
【提示】★-ed 形容词修饰人"感到……的";-ing 形容词修饰事物"令人……的"。I am interested in the interesting story. 我对这个有趣的故事很感兴趣。
3. crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 热衷的,狂热的;不理智的,疯狂的
【搭配】be crazy about (doing) sth. 对……狂热 | be crazy to do sth. 干某事真是疯了 | like crazy 拼命地
【例句】
例1:He is crazy about hip-hop music and dreams of being a singer.
他对嘻哈音乐很狂热,梦想成为一名歌手。
例2:You are crazy to spend so much money on one instrument.
你花这么多钱买一件乐器真是疯了。
【拓展】副词 crazily;名词 craziness。
【提示】★be crazy about = be very interested in,语气比 interested 强。介词用 about,不是 in。
4. hope /həʊp/ v. & n. 希望,期望
【搭配】hope to do sth. 希望做某事 | hope that… 希望…… | hope for sth. 期待…… | in the hope that… 怀着……的希望
【例句】
例1:I hope to become a scientist like Yuan Longping in the future.
我希望将来成为像袁隆平一样的科学家。
例2:We hope that you can join our volunteer team this summer.
我们希望你今年夏天能加入我们的志愿者队伍。
【拓展】形容词 hopeful 充满希望的;反义 hopeless 无望的。
【提示】★hope 不能说 hope sb. to do sth.,要改为 hope to do 或 hope that 从句。wish sb. to do 才是正确结构。
5. amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的
【搭配】an amazing story / talent / view 令人惊奇的故事/天赋/景色 | It is amazing that… 真是令人惊奇……
【例句】
例1:The boy has an amazing talent for playing the piano.
这个男孩有令人惊叹的钢琴天赋。
例2:It is amazing that a disabled boy can swim across the river on his own.
一个残疾男孩能独自游过这条河,真是令人惊叹。
【拓展】动词 amaze 使惊奇;形容词 amazed (人)感到惊奇的;副词 amazingly;名词 amazement。
【提示】★-ing 修饰事物,-ed 修饰人:We are amazed at the amazing news. 我们对这惊人的消息感到惊讶。
6. relaxed /rɪˈlækst/ adj. 放松的,自在的
【搭配】feel / be relaxed 感到放松 | be relaxed about sth. 对……随意 | a relaxed smile 放松的微笑
【例句】
例1:After playing the guitar, I feel really relaxed and forget about the test.
弹完吉他后,我感到非常放松,忘掉了考试。
例2:My teacher is relaxed about our homework, but we still work hard.
老师对我们的作业要求不严格,但我们仍然很努力。
【拓展】动词 relax 放松;形容词 relaxing(事物)令人放松的;名词 relaxation 放松。
【提示】★relaxed 修饰人;relaxing 修饰事物:a relaxing trip 一次令人放松的旅行;I feel relaxed. 我感到放松。
7. curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ adj. 求知欲强的,好奇的
【搭配】be curious about sth. 对……好奇 | be curious to do sth. 很想做某事 | a curious look 好奇的神情
【例句】
例1:Kids are always curious about how the world works.
孩子们总是对世界如何运转充满好奇。
例2:I am curious to know what instrument you can play.
我很想知道你会演奏什么乐器。
【拓展】名词 curiosity 好奇心;副词 curiously。
【提示】★介词用 about:be curious about sth. 对……好奇。
8. especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ adv. 尤其,特别,格外
【搭配】especially + adj. / 从句 尤其…… | especially when / if… 尤其当……
【例句】
例1:I love outdoor sports, especially skiing in winter.
我喜欢户外运动,尤其是冬天滑雪。
例2:The book is popular among teenagers, especially those who love nature.
这本书在青少年中很受欢迎,尤其是那些热爱大自然的孩子。
【拓展】形容词 special 特别的;动词 specialize 专攻。
【提示】★especially 通常用来修饰形容词、介词短语或从句,作进一步强调,不修饰动词。
9. join /dʒɔɪn/ v. 成为……的一员,参加,加入
【搭配】join the army / club / party 参军/加入俱乐部/入党 | join sb. 加入某人 | join in (doing) sth. 参加(活动)
【例句】
例1:Would you like to join our school drama club?
你愿意加入我们学校的戏剧社吗?
例2:Come and join us in playing the guitar!
来和我们一起弹吉他吧!
【拓展】joiner n. 参加者;joint adj. 共同的。
【提示】★辨析:join + 组织/人(成为成员);join in / take part in + 活动(参与);attend + 会议/课(出席)。
10. matter /ˈmætə/ v. & n. 要紧,有重大影响;事情,问题
【搭配】It doesn't matter. 没关系。 | What's the matter (with…)? (……)怎么了? | a matter of… ……的问题
【例句】
例1:It doesn't matter if you can't play the guitar well at first.
如果你一开始吉他弹得不好,没关系。
例2:What's the matter with your voice? You sound tired.
你的嗓子怎么了?听起来很累。
【拓展】matter 作动词时主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。
【提示】★It doesn't matter. 用来回应道歉;What's the matter? 用来询问出了什么事。两者不要混淆。
11. manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ v. 完成(困难的事),勉力完成;管理
【搭配】manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 | manage a company / shop 管理公司/商店 | manage without… 在没有……的情况下勉强应付
【例句】
例1:Despite his disability, he managed to learn typing on his own.
尽管身有残疾,他还是设法学会了独立打字。
例2:She manages a volunteer team of twenty students.
她管理着一支二十人的志愿者队伍。
【拓展】名词 manager 经理;management n. 管理。
【提示】★manage to do = succeed in doing(成功做成了难事),区别于 try to do(试图做,不一定成功)。
12. own /əʊn/ adj. & pron. & v. 自己的;拥有
【搭配】one's own + n. 某人自己的…… | on one's own = alone 独自地 | of one's own 属于某人自己的
【例句】
例1:The boy has his own songwriter room and writes songs every day.
这个男孩有自己的创作室,每天写歌。
例2:She finished the project on her own, without any help.
她独自完成了这个项目,没有任何帮助。
【拓展】名词 owner 主人;ownership n. 所有权。
【提示】★own 作形容词时必须放在物主代词后:my own room(√),不能说 an own room。on one's own = alone = by oneself。
13. apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 申请,请求;应用
【搭配】apply for sth. 申请…… | apply to do sth. 申请做某事 | apply A to B 把 A 应用于 B
【例句】
例1:I want to apply for a place in the school volunteer team.
我想申请加入学校志愿者队伍。
例2:You can apply to be a singer in the school festival.
你可以申请在校际会演中当歌手。
【拓展】名词 application 申请;申请书;applicant n. 申请人。
【提示】★apply for + 名词(申请得到某物);apply to + 机构/动词原形(向……申请/申请做)。
14. consider /kənˈsɪdə/ v. 仔细考虑;把……看作,认为
【搭配】consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 | consider sb. / sth. (as) + n. / adj. 把……看作…… | consider that… 认为……
【例句】
例1:I am considering joining the basketball team, though I am not very tall.
我正在考虑加入篮球队,尽管我个子不高。
例2:We consider her (as) one of the most creative songwriters in our school.
我们认为她是学校里最有创造力的词曲作者之一。
【拓展】名词 consideration 考虑;形容词 considerate 体贴的。
【提示】★consider 后接动名词 doing,不接 to do(考虑做某事);consider…(as)… 中 as 可省略。
15. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ n. & v. 志愿者;自愿做,义务做
【搭配】volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 | volunteer for sth. 自愿承担…… | as a volunteer 作为志愿者
【例句】
例1:Many students volunteer to help the elderly in the community.
许多学生自愿帮助社区里的老人。
例2:She works as a volunteer at the music festival every summer.
每年夏天她都在音乐节上当志愿者。
【拓展】词根 vol- 意愿;voluntary adj. 自愿的。
【提示】★volunteer to do 主动提出做某事,不接 for doing。
16. creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ adj. 有创造力的;创造(性)的
【搭配】a creative artist / idea / person 有创造力的艺术家/主意/人 | creative thinking 创造性思维
【例句】
例1:The drama club is looking for creative students who can write their own plays.
戏剧社正在寻找能自己写剧本的有创造力的学生。
例2:Teamwork and creative ideas make our school festival a big success.
团队合作和富有创意的点子使我们的校际会演大获成功。
【拓展】动词 create 创造;名词 creation 创造;creativity n. 创造力;creator n. 创造者。
【提示】★creative 与 create 的名词形式 creation 不同,注意拼写。
17. personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ n. 性格,个性,人格
【搭配】a strong / friendly / outgoing personality 坚强/友好/外向的性格 | personality development 个性发展
【例句】
例1:The application asks us to write about our hobbies and personality.
申请表要求我们写自己的爱好和性格。
例2:He has a warm personality and gets on well with everyone.
他性格热情,和每个人都相处得很好。
【拓展】名词 person 人;personal adj. 个人的;personally adv. 就个人而言。
【提示】★personality 指"性格";ability 指"能力";appearance 指"外貌",三者常并列考。
18. afraid /əˈfreɪd/ adj. 害怕,畏惧;担心
【搭配】be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 | be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事 | be afraid that… 担心…… | I'm afraid… 恐怕……
【例句】
例1:At first, I was afraid to play the guitar in front of the class.
一开始,我不敢在全班面前弹吉他。
例2:Many disabled kids are afraid of being laughed at.
许多残疾孩子害怕被嘲笑。
【拓展】反义 brave adj. 勇敢的。
【提示】★afraid 是表语形容词,不能放在名词前(an afraid boy ×)。I'm afraid 用于委婉道歉或告知不好的消息。
19. instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ n. 乐器;器械,仪器
【搭配】play an instrument 演奏乐器 | a musical instrument 一件乐器 | scientific instrument 科学仪器
【例句】
例1:Can you play any musical instrument, such as the guitar or the piano?
你会演奏什么乐器吗,比如吉他或钢琴?
例2:Learning an instrument helps children become more confident.
学习乐器有助于孩子变得更自信。
【拓展】instrumental adj. 乐器的;起重要作用的。
【提示】★play + 乐器必加 the:play the guitar / piano;play + 球类零冠词:play basketball。
20. as /æz/ prep. & conj. 作为,当作;像,如同;当……时候
【搭配】work / serve / act as… 担任…… | as a volunteer 作为志愿者 | as…as… 和……一样
【例句】
例1:She works as a volunteer teacher in a small mountain village.
她在一个小山村里当志愿教师。
例2:As a songwriter, he writes songs about nature and friendship.
作为词曲作者,他写关于自然和友谊的歌。
【拓展】as 还可作连词引导时间/原因/方式状语从句。
【提示】★as 作介词"作为"时后接身份名词;like 作"像"时是比喻,两者不要混淆:work as a teacher(真实职业)/ sing like a bird(比喻)。
三、记忆妙招
妙招 1 职业后缀串记(本单元"人物"成群出现)
第一步:先记住本单元出现的 4 个"人物后缀"——
后缀
含义
本单元例词(中文)
-er / -or
做……的人(动词 + -er/-or)
swimmer 游泳者;writer 作家;singer 歌手;songwriter 词曲作者
-ist
从事……的人(专业人士)
artist 艺术家;scientist 科学家
-ian
精通……的人(……家)
musician 音乐家;同类:politician 政治家
-ed / -ing
形容词后缀:-ed 人感到……;-ing 事物令人……
interested/interesting 感兴趣的/有趣的;amazed/amazing 惊奇的/令人惊奇的;relaxed/relaxing 放松的/令人放松的
dis-
否定前缀(不、相反)
disability 缺陷;同类:disagree 不同意, dislike 不喜欢
-ity / -ty
名词后缀(性质、状态)
ability 能力;personality 个性;reality 现实
ap- + ply
折叠 → 申请;名词 application
apply v. 申请;application n. 申请(书)
第二步:把"职业名词"当公式拆——
swim(游泳)+ -mer → swimmer 游泳者 | write(写)+ -er → writer 作家 | sing(唱)+ -er → singer 歌手
art(艺术)+ -ist → artist 艺术家 | science(科学)+ -tist → scientist 科学家 | music(音乐)+ -ian → musician 音乐家
song(歌)+ writer(作者)→ songwriter 词曲作者;disable(使残疾)+ -ity → disability 缺陷。
妙招 2 易混词一眼辨
易混词
区别
例句
interested / interesting
-ed 人感到感兴趣;-ing 事物令人感兴趣
I am interested in the interesting story.
join / join in / take part in / attend
join + 组织/人;join in / take part in + 活动;attend + 会议/课
join the club / join in the game / take part in the sports meeting / attend the meeting
hope / wish
hope to do / hope that(不接 hope sb. to do);wish sb. to do / wish sb. + n.
I hope to see you. / I wish you a happy birthday.
manage to do / try to do
manage to do 设法做成(成功);try to do 试图做(未必成功)
He managed to pass the exam. / He tried to pass, but failed.
as / like
as "作为"(真实身份);like "像"(比喻)
work as a teacher / sing like a bird
be afraid of / be afraid to do
of 后接名词/动名词(担心后果);to do 后接动词(不敢做)
be afraid of dogs / be afraid to go out at night
妙招 3 派生词扩展(一词变一串,每个词带汉语)
词根词
派生词串(词性 + 汉语)
interest n. & v. 兴趣;使感兴趣
interested adj. 感兴趣的| interesting adj. 有趣的| interestedly adv. 感兴趣地
amaze v. 使惊奇
amazing adj. 令人惊奇的| amazed adj. 感到惊奇的| amazingly adv. 令人惊奇地| amazement n. 惊奇
relax v. 放松
relaxed adj. (人)放松的| relaxing adj. (事物)令人放松的| relaxation n. 放松
energy n. 精力
energetic adj. 精力充沛的| energetically adv. 精力充沛地
curious adj. 好奇的
curiosity n. 好奇心| curiously adv. 好奇地
special adj. 特别的
especially adv. 尤其| specialize v. 专攻
nature n. 自然
natural adj. 自然的| naturally adv. 自然地
create v. 创造
creative adj. 有创造力的| creation n. 创造| creativity n. 创造力| creator n. 创造者
apply v. 申请
application n. 申请(书)| applicant n. 申请人
person n. 人
personal adj. 个人的| personality n. 个性| personally adv. 就个人而言
manage v. 管理;设法
manager n. 经理| management n. 管理
disable v. 使残疾
disability n. 缺陷| disabled adj. 残疾的| able adj. 能够的| ability n. 能力
volunteer n. & v. 志愿者
voluntary adj. 自愿的
四、即学即练
(一)单项选择(从 A、B、C、D 中选出最佳答案)
1. My sister practises ______ the guitar for at least an hour every day.
A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play
2. The news that our team won first place was so ______ that everyone shouted.
A. amazing B. amazed C. amazement D. amazingly
3. — What do you want to be in the future? — I hope ______ a musician like Lang Lang.
A. become B. becoming C. to become D. became
4. My brother is crazy ______ hip-hop music and dreams of being a singer.
A. about B. of C. on D. with
5. — Would you like to ______ our school drama club? — Yes, I'd love to.
A. join in B. take part in C. join D. attend
6. Though he was disabled, he ______ to finish the song on his own.
A. managed B. tried C. succeeded D. wanted
7. I am considering ______ the volunteer team during the summer holiday.
A. join B. to join C. joining D. joined
8. — I'm sorry I broke your guitar. — ______. I can get it repaired.
A. You're welcome B. It doesn't matter C. That's right D. My pleasure
9. As a songwriter, she writes songs ______ nature and friendship.
A. as B. like C. about D. of
10. Little Tom is afraid of ______ in front of the whole school.
A. sing B. sings C. singing D. to sing
(二)用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1. I am very ____________ (interest) in playing the guitar after school.
2. The boy has an ____________ (amaze) talent for playing the piano.
3. After listening to soft music, I felt really ____________ (relax).
4. Lang Lang is a famous ____________ (music) all over the world.
5. Although he is over seventy, he is still very ____________ (energy).
6. The teacher encourages us to be ____________ (create) in writing songs.
7. There are many students who want to be ____________ (volunteer) during the festival.
8. We should treat the ____________ (disable) with kindness and respect.
9. She made a decision to make an ____________ (apply) to the art club.
10. Children are always ____________ (curiosity) about how things work.
五、参考答案与解析
(一)单项选择
1. C practise doing sth. 练习做某事,后接动名词。
2. A 修饰事物 news,用 -ing 形容词 amazing,"令人惊奇的"。
3. C hope to do sth. 希望做某事,后接不定式。注意不能说 hope sb. to do。
4. A be crazy about (doing) sth. 对……狂热,固定介词 about。
5. C join + 组织/俱乐部(成为成员);join in / take part in 后接活动;attend 出席会议。
6. A manage to do sth. 设法做成(难事),与后文 on his own 对应。
7. C consider doing sth. 考虑做某事,后接动名词。
8. B 回应道歉用 It doesn't matter. 没关系。
9. C about 关于;write songs about nature 写关于自然的歌。as 是"作为",like 是"像",均不合句意。
10. C be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事,of 为介词后接动名词。
(二)词形填空
1. interested be interested in 对……感兴趣,-ed 形容词修饰人。
2. amazing 修饰名词 talent,用 -ing 形容词,"令人惊奇的"。
3. relaxed 系动词 felt 后接形容词修饰人 I,用 relaxed。
4. musician a famous + 职业名词;music 变 musician 音乐家。
5. energetic 系动词 is 后接形容词;energy 变 energetic 精力充沛的。
6. creative be + adj.;create 变 creative 有创造力的。
7. volunteers 主语 many students 是复数,对应表语也用复数 volunteers。
8. disabled the + adj. 表示一类人;the disabled 残疾人。
9. application make an application to… 向……提出申请;apply 变名词 application。
10. curious be curious about 对……好奇;be 动词后接形容词。
—— 兴趣与能力的词,最好挂在"我是谁、我会什么、我想成为谁"这条线上:会 swim → swimmer;会 music → musician;想 write → writer。词是长在身份上的。 ——
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