专题05 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道）（期中真题汇编，河北专用）高二英语上学期

可学科网 www.zxxk.com 专题05阅读理解（议论文 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.A 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.A 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.D2.A3.D4C 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.A 拓展培优 主题语境01人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A 1/1 让教与学更高效 +新闻报道) 专题05 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·河北沧州四校联考·期中）What is the future of artificial intelligence (AI)? Will it be possible for robots to be autonomous? If so, when will that happen and will it be a good thing? We asked four experts what they think. Expert A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the computing power for fully autonomous AI. We will probably remain in control of technology. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives. Expert B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or surpass human intelligence frighten me. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large number of unemployed people. Expert C: Personally, I think it’s fascinating to consider how we’ll speed up our evolution as a species by improving our bodies. Imagine if you could put a computer inside our brain! Soon we’ll be able to do just that and enhance our mathematical ability and our memory, and this idea is only going to become more and more common. AI is also popping up in the world around us. Granted, there have been a few problems. But progress always comes at a cost, and for me the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. Expert D: I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Think of what’s happening right now: military machines are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots”, following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely dangerous for humanity. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do. 1.What is Expert A’s attitude towards the future of AI? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Critical. D. Doubtful. 2.What is Expert B frightened of? A. High future unemployment. B. Human intelligence in the future. C. Large-scale poverty and social unrest. D. Human intelligence’s being overcome. 3.Who thinks autonomous AI does more good than harm? A. Expert A. B. Expert B. C. Expert C. D. Expert D. 4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. AI: Friends or Enemies? B. Technology: Safe or Dangerous? C. The Good Influence of AI D. The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·河北强基联盟·期中）A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of failure or sadness. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and quieting us in age. Men often discover their attachment to each other by the common love they have for a book. There is an old saying, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher connection of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them. A good book is often the best container of a life recording the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, simply the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, if remembered and valued, become our constant companions and comforters. Books possess an ingredient of immortality (不朽). They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues break, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effects of time have been to filter out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. 1.Why a book can be one of the best friends? A. Because its contents never change over time. B. Because it accompanies us in dark days. C. Because its patience never runs out. D. Because it contains all kinds of knowledge. 2.What does the underlined sentence “Love me, love my book” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. If you love the author, you will love his books. B. I love my books as much as I love my friends. C. The book can be a bond between friends. D. If you love me, you must read my books. 3.What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A. A good book is a good container. B. A good book records the author’s life. C. A good book is a treasure for readers. D. A good book offers precious contents. 4.What would the author convey by the article? A. Celebrating the appeal of books. B. Encouraging us to read books. C. Finding friendship in books. D. Passing on the power of books. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·河北沧州四校联考·期中）Turning 18 is a big deal when you are a teenager. It means you are responsible for yourself and don’t need your parents’ permission any more. However, there are lots of opinions about when one becomes an adult. Some are based on science, while others are personal opinions. While currently the age is 18, science supports 25 as a more sensible age for adulthood, and I agree. While studying the brain of teenagers, scientists have learned that when kids are around 18, their prefrontal cortex (前额皮层) is only halfway developed. The prefrontal-cortex helps people set and achieve goals by receiving signals from different regions of the brain to process information and adapting accordingly. That halfway development means that you still have things to learn and your brains still have time to develop until the age of 25. Some people think going off to college and living on your own qualify (使……具有资格) an adult, while others may believe having a steady income and being able to afford to live on your own are what make you an adult. Not everyone has a fortunate life where they have family that can provide support; there are situations where you are forced to become an “adult” whether you like it or not. In the foster care (寄养) system, once a child turns 18, he or she is considered an adult and can no longer receive state-sponsored support. These children are forced into a life where they have no family or anyone to support them other than those who were there for them in the system. Having a quality job will allow you to supply yourself with necessary things to live and help you become a more mature and responsible person. Also, going through difficult times and realizing life isn’t as easy as it seems, should qualify someone as an adult. 1.What is the author’s attitude toward considering 25 as an age for adulthood? A. Cautious. B. Uncaring. C. Doubtful. D. Positive. 2.How does the prefrontal cortex work to help people set and achieve goals? A. By dealing with received signals and responding accordingly. B. By collecting information from other parts of the body. C. By sending instructions to different regions of the brain D. By transporting sensed emotions and making records 3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Give a definition of adulthood. B. Stress the importance of family support. C. Prove not everyone lives a fortunate life. D. Show opinion on becoming an adult is divided 4.What is one standard qualifying you as an adult according to the author? A. Setting up a family. B. Being responsible for your study. C. Accepting and learning from the low moments in life. D. Buying yourself quality things to live. 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·河北沧州盐山中学·期中）Real financial security and freedom is not in our job but in our passion. It’s easy to define and evaluate a man by his pursuit. Joseph Campbell once said, “Follow your dream and the universe will open doors where there are only walls.” In life, we’ll always be found doing any of these two things: either making a living or making a difference. Pensions (养老金)and salaries stop many from pursuing excellence while passion unlocks hidden potentials that equip us for challenges and opportunities. A job helps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference. I want to sincerely help to adjust and clarify the misguided belief among workers that a job is a means of livelihood. Rather, it should be a means to fuel our passion. The earlier you realize this basic truth of life, the more clearly you'll be able to position yourself in living a life of impact and value. The success of Kentucky Fried Chicken（KFC）shows how meaningful it is to pursue your passion instead of your pension. Its founder, Colonel Harland Sanders, didn’t realize this until he was given his first social security check of 105 dollars. But he decided that there surely was something to do for himself and other people instead of living on that small pension. He was determined to engage himself in what brought him impact and value. Drawing inspiration from his mother's special recipe for fried chicken, he invented “finger-licking” seasoning with eleven spices and herbs. Despite much rejection, he managed to round up some investors and promote company's rapid expansion to more than 6,000 locations. Sanders’ life pointed towards two facts about making a difference: one, there is no age that is too old to make a difference; two, there is nothing too small or insignificant to make a difference with, as long as it is your passion. 1.How does the author support his argument in paragraph 2? A. By listing examples. B. By showing contrast. C. By including a quote. D. By sharing his experience. 2.How did Sanders probably feel when offered his first social security check? A. Deeply moved. B. Pleasantly surprised. C. Greatly relieved. D. Internally motivated. 3.What does the author suggest we do? A. Pursue our passion. B. Get a well-paid job. C. Secure our position. D. Get career guidance. 4.What is the best title for this text? A. Passion or Pension? B. Following Your Dreams C. Working for Pension D. To Work or not to Work? 主题语境01 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·河北保定四校·期中）When Tina Farr visits the year 2 classroom at her Oxford primary school, she can feel the change in atmosphere since play was put firmly back on the curriculum (课程). “The children come running up with things they have made. There is always a shop on the go so they will be pricing up something or finding change,” the headteacher says. Play-based learning — letting children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities — usually stops when they attend primary school. Lessons then become desk-based, focused on reading and writing. Farr had long championed the value of play, working hard to bring it into break time. “Teachers would recognize what we do and it doesn’t take any more planning than the standard approach.” With play-based learning in place for her year 1 and 2 children, Farr then looked at where else she could change any practices that weren’t working. “If a practice isn’t in line with healthy child development, why are we doing it?” The school’s year 5 children — aged nine and 10 — were struggling to sit still in a tight space so she removed all the furniture. “The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.” A teacher noted: “Their self-regulation has improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.” Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change. “We have neuroscience (神经科学) that shows us children learn through play.” In June the school sailed through its OFSTED inspection. “The inspector really understood our play-based learning.” Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. “It’s blown my mind how engaged the children are. It’s phenomenal (了不起的),” she says. 1.Which of the following best describes “play-based learning”? A. Children following clear instructions to complete art projects. B. Children creating their own games and exploring personal interests. C. Children completing academic worksheets at their desks. D. Children memorizing facts through repetitive classroom drills. 2.Why did Farr implement play-based learning? A. To reduce teaching preparation time. B. To improve exam performance. C. To support child development. D. To attract media attention. 3.How did the fifth graders respond to the new classroom arrangement? A. Became more distracted. B. Gained better concentration. C. Grew more independent. D. Developed stronger opinions. 4.What does the final paragraph emphasize about Farr’s approach? A. Its scientific basis. B. Its implementation costs. C. Its popularity with parents. D. Its academic achievements. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（议论文+新闻报道） 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·河北沧州四校联考·期中）What is the future of artificial intelligence (AI)? Will it be possible for robots to be autonomous? If so, when will that happen and will it be a good thing? We asked four experts what they think. Expert A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the computing power for fully autonomous AI. We will probably remain in control of technology. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives. Expert B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or surpass human intelligence frighten me. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large number of unemployed people. Expert C: Personally, I think it’s fascinating to consider how we’ll speed up our evolution as a species by improving our bodies. Imagine if you could put a computer inside our brain! Soon we’ll be able to do just that and enhance our mathematical ability and our memory, and this idea is only going to become more and more common. AI is also popping up in the world around us. Granted, there have been a few problems. But progress always comes at a cost, and for me the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. Expert D: I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Think of what’s happening right now: military machines are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots”, following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely dangerous for humanity. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do. 1.What is Expert A’s attitude towards the future of AI? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Critical. D. Doubtful. 2.What is Expert B frightened of? A. High future unemployment. B. Human intelligence in the future. C. Large-scale poverty and social unrest. D. Human intelligence’s being overcome. 3.Who thinks autonomous AI does more good than harm? A. Expert A. B. Expert B. C. Expert C. D. Expert D. 4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. AI: Friends or Enemies? B. Technology: Safe or Dangerous? C. The Good Influence of AI D. The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文，文章主要讨论了人工智能对我们未来生活的影响。有的专家认为人工智能会给我们带来更多的好处，而有的专家则对人工智能的影响表示担忧。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Expert A的观点“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives.(我倾向于认为人工智能将对我们未来的生活产生积极影响。)”可知，专家A对人工智能的未来持积极态度。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Expert B的表述“I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or surpass human intelligence frighten me.(我必须承认，创造出能够匹敌或超越人类智能的事物，其潜在后果让我感到恐惧。)”可知，专家B害怕的是人类智能被人工智能超越。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Expert C的观点“But progress always comes at a cost, and for me the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.(但进步总是要付出代价的，对我来说，优势远大于劣势。)”可知，专家C认为自主人工智能利大于弊。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章核心围绕人工智能的未来展开，通过四位专家的观点呈现了对人工智能的不同态度——有积极认可（专家A、C），也有担忧警惕（专家B、D），本质是探讨人工智能对人类而言是朋友还是敌人。“AI：朋友还是敌人？”符合主题，适合用作标题，故选A。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·河北强基联盟·期中）A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of failure or sadness. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and quieting us in age. Men often discover their attachment to each other by the common love they have for a book. There is an old saying, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher connection of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them. A good book is often the best container of a life recording the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, simply the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, if remembered and valued, become our constant companions and comforters. Books possess an ingredient of immortality (不朽). They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues break, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effects of time have been to filter out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. 1.Why a book can be one of the best friends? A. Because its contents never change over time. B. Because it accompanies us in dark days. C. Because its patience never runs out. D. Because it contains all kinds of knowledge. 2.What does the underlined sentence “Love me, love my book” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. If you love the author, you will love his books. B. I love my books as much as I love my friends. C. The book can be a bond between friends. D. If you love me, you must read my books. 3.What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A. A good book is a good container. B. A good book records the author’s life. C. A good book is a treasure for readers. D. A good book offers precious contents. 4.What would the author convey by the article? A. Celebrating the appeal of books. B. Encouraging us to read books. C. Finding friendship in books. D. Passing on the power of books. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了书籍是人类的陪伴者。阐述了书籍如何像朋友一样陪伴人们，以及书籍在传递思想、文化和培养友谊方面的独特作用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of failure or sadness.(它是最富有耐心且最令人愉悦的伙伴。即便在我们遭遇失败或陷入悲伤之时，它也不会对我们置之不理)”可知，一本书能成为我们最好的朋友是因为它会在我们遭遇困境时陪伴着我们。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 句意猜测题。根据第三段“Men often discover their attachment to each other by the common love they have for a book. There is an old saying, “Love me, love my dog.”(人们常常会因为对同一本书的共同热爱，而发现彼此之间的惺惺相惜。有句老话说道：“爱屋及乌。”)”可知，人们常常因为对同一本书的爱好而发现彼此的依恋。可知，划线的句子“爱我，就爱我的书”意思是书可以成为朋友之间的纽带。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“A good book is often the best container of a life recording the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, simply the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, if remembered and valued, become our constant companions and comforters.(一本好书往往就是一部最能记录人生历程的载体，它记录了人生所能想到的最美好的事物；因为一个人的生活世界，在很大程度上，其实就是其思想的世界。因此，最好的书籍就是富含美好话语和珍贵思想的宝库，如果能铭记并珍视这些思想，它们就会成为我们永恒的伴侣和慰藉)”可知，第四段的主要观点是一本好书蕴含着珍贵的内容。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“A good book may be among the best of friends.(一本好书或许就是最好的朋友之一)”以及作者论述了书是人类的好友、是交友的媒介、是人类思想和文化的载体。通过这篇文章，作者称赞了书的魅力。故选A项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·河北沧州四校联考·期中）Turning 18 is a big deal when you are a teenager. It means you are responsible for yourself and don’t need your parents’ permission any more. However, there are lots of opinions about when one becomes an adult. Some are based on science, while others are personal opinions. While currently the age is 18, science supports 25 as a more sensible age for adulthood, and I agree. While studying the brain of teenagers, scientists have learned that when kids are around 18, their prefrontal cortex (前额皮层) is only halfway developed. The prefrontal-cortex helps people set and achieve goals by receiving signals from different regions of the brain to process information and adapting accordingly. That halfway development means that you still have things to learn and your brains still have time to develop until the age of 25. Some people think going off to college and living on your own qualify (使……具有资格) an adult, while others may believe having a steady income and being able to afford to live on your own are what make you an adult. Not everyone has a fortunate life where they have family that can provide support; there are situations where you are forced to become an “adult” whether you like it or not. In the foster care (寄养) system, once a child turns 18, he or she is considered an adult and can no longer receive state-sponsored support. These children are forced into a life where they have no family or anyone to support them other than those who were there for them in the system. Having a quality job will allow you to supply yourself with necessary things to live and help you become a more mature and responsible person. Also, going through difficult times and realizing life isn’t as easy as it seems, should qualify someone as an adult. 1.What is the author’s attitude toward considering 25 as an age for adulthood? A. Cautious. B. Uncaring. C. Doubtful. D. Positive. 2.How does the prefrontal cortex work to help people set and achieve goals? A. By dealing with received signals and responding accordingly. B. By collecting information from other parts of the body. C. By sending instructions to different regions of the brain D. By transporting sensed emotions and making records 3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Give a definition of adulthood. B. Stress the importance of family support. C. Prove not everyone lives a fortunate life. D. Show opinion on becoming an adult is divided 4.What is one standard qualifying you as an adult according to the author? A. Setting up a family. B. Being responsible for your study. C. Accepting and learning from the low moments in life. D. Buying yourself quality things to live. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍关于什么时候算是成年了，人们有着不同的观点，有些观点是根据科学理论，而有些是个人观点，作者也提出了自己的见解。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“While currently the age is 18, science supports 25 as a more sensible age for adulthood, and I agree. (虽然目前的年龄是18岁，但科学支持25岁是更明智的成年年龄，我同意这一观点。)”可知，对于将25岁视为成年年龄，作者是持肯定态度的。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The prefrontal-cortex helps people set and achieve goals by receiving signals from different regions of the brain to process information and adapting accordingly. (前额叶皮层通过接收来自大脑不同区域的信号来处理信息，从而帮助人们设定和实现目标。)”可知，前额叶皮层要处理来自大脑不同区域的信息，并根据这些信息帮助人们设定和实现目标。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容“Some people think going off to college and living on your own qualify(使…具有资格) an adult, while others may believe having a steady income and being able to afford to live on your own are what make you an adult. Not everyone has a fortunate life where they have family that can provide support; there are situations where you are forced to become an “adult” whether you like it or not. (有些人认为上大学和独立生活是成年人的标准，而另一些人可能认为有稳定的收入和能够负担得起独立生活是成年人的标准。不是每个人都有幸运的生活，有家人可以提供支持；有些情况下，不管你喜欢与否，你都被迫成为一个“成年人”。)”可以推论出，此处作者是为了表明对于什么时候算是成年人了，人们的观点是有分歧的。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Also, going through difficult times and realizing life isn’t as easy as it seems, should qualify someone as an adult. (此外，经历困难时期并意识到生活并不像看上去那么容易，可以让一个人成为成年人。)”可知，在生活中经历了低谷时期，且能从中学习的人，算是成年人了。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高二上·河北沧州盐山中学·期中）Real financial security and freedom is not in our job but in our passion. It’s easy to define and evaluate a man by his pursuit. Joseph Campbell once said, “Follow your dream and the universe will open doors where there are only walls.” In life, we’ll always be found doing any of these two things: either making a living or making a difference. Pensions (养老金)and salaries stop many from pursuing excellence while passion unlocks hidden potentials that equip us for challenges and opportunities. A job helps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference. I want to sincerely help to adjust and clarify the misguided belief among workers that a job is a means of livelihood. Rather, it should be a means to fuel our passion. The earlier you realize this basic truth of life, the more clearly you'll be able to position yourself in living a life of impact and value. The success of Kentucky Fried Chicken（KFC）shows how meaningful it is to pursue your passion instead of your pension. Its founder, Colonel Harland Sanders, didn’t realize this until he was given his first social security check of 105 dollars. But he decided that there surely was something to do for himself and other people instead of living on that small pension. He was determined to engage himself in what brought him impact and value. Drawing inspiration from his mother's special recipe for fried chicken, he invented “finger-licking” seasoning with eleven spices and herbs. Despite much rejection, he managed to round up some investors and promote company's rapid expansion to more than 6,000 locations. Sanders’ life pointed towards two facts about making a difference: one, there is no age that is too old to make a difference; two, there is nothing too small or insignificant to make a difference with, as long as it is your passion. 1.How does the author support his argument in paragraph 2? A. By listing examples. B. By showing contrast. C. By including a quote. D. By sharing his experience. 2.How did Sanders probably feel when offered his first social security check? A. Deeply moved. B. Pleasantly surprised. C. Greatly relieved. D. Internally motivated. 3.What does the author suggest we do? A. Pursue our passion. B. Get a well-paid job. C. Secure our position. D. Get career guidance. 4.What is the best title for this text? A. Passion or Pension? B. Following Your Dreams C. Working for Pension D. To Work or not to Work? 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. A 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过对比和引用KFC创始人Colonel Harland Sanders的故事阐明一个观点——真正的经济安全和自由不在于我们的工作，而在于激情。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“In life, we’ll always be found doing any of these two things: either making a living or making a difference. Pensions (养老金)and salaries stop many from pursuing excellence while passion unlocks hidden potentials that equip us for challenges and opportunities. A job helps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference.”（在生活中，我们总是被发现做这两件事中的一种：要么谋生，要么做出改变。养老金和薪水阻止了很多人追求卓越，而激情解锁了很多隐藏的潜力，这些潜力让我们能够面对挑战和机遇）可推知，本段作者通过对比稳定的收入和激情对人们的影响来支撑自己的观点——真正的经济安全和自由不在于我们的工作，而在于激情。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段的“But he decided that there surely was something to do for himself and other people instead of living on that small pension. He was determined to engage himself in what brought him impact and value.”（但他决定，于其靠那点养老金生活，还不如为自己和别人做点什么。他决定投身于能够给他带来影响和价值的事业）可知，当Sanders拿到退休金时，他决定做一些对自己和他人都有用的事情，投身于能够给自己带来影响和价值的事业。由此推知，Sanders的内心受到了激发。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段的“I want to sincerely help to adjust and clarify the misguided belief among workers that a job is a means of livelihood. Rather, it should be a means to fuel our passion.”（我想真诚地帮助调整和澄清工作者中被误导的信念，即工作是谋生的手段。相反，它应该是一种点燃激情的手段）和最后一段的“The success of Kentucky Fried Chicken（KFC）shows how meaningful it is to pursue your passion instead of your pension.”（KFC的成功表明了追求你的热情而非养老经是多么有意义的。）“two, there is nothing too small or insignificant to make a difference with, as long as it is your passion.”（2.没有什么东西太小或者太不重要而不能改变，只要是你的热情。）可推知，作者建议人们追求自己的热情。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的“In life, we’ll always be found doing any of these two things: either making a living or making a difference. Pensions (养老金)and salaries stop many from pursuing excellence while passion unlocks hidden potentials that equip us for challenges and opportunities. A job helps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference.（在生活中，我们总是被发现做这两件事中的一种：要么谋生，要么做出改变。养老金和薪水阻止了很多人追求卓越，而激情解锁了很多隐藏的潜力，这些潜力让我们能够面对挑战和机遇）”可知，文章主要阐明了作者关于稳定的收入让人停止进取，而激情却能让人迸发潜力的观点。故“激情还是养老金？”可以作为本文标题。故选A。 主题语境01 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·河北保定四校·期中）When Tina Farr visits the year 2 classroom at her Oxford primary school, she can feel the change in atmosphere since play was put firmly back on the curriculum (课程). “The children come running up with things they have made. There is always a shop on the go so they will be pricing up something or finding change,” the headteacher says. Play-based learning — letting children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities — usually stops when they attend primary school. Lessons then become desk-based, focused on reading and writing. Farr had long championed the value of play, working hard to bring it into break time. “Teachers would recognize what we do and it doesn’t take any more planning than the standard approach.” With play-based learning in place for her year 1 and 2 children, Farr then looked at where else she could change any practices that weren’t working. “If a practice isn’t in line with healthy child development, why are we doing it?” The school’s year 5 children — aged nine and 10 — were struggling to sit still in a tight space so she removed all the furniture. “The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.” A teacher noted: “Their self-regulation has improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.” Farr believes the outdated system needs urgent change. “We have neuroscience (神经科学) that shows us children learn through play.” In June the school sailed through its OFSTED inspection. “The inspector really understood our play-based learning.” Farr’s message is that her approach can be rolled out. “It’s blown my mind how engaged the children are. It’s phenomenal (了不起的),” she says. 1.Which of the following best describes “play-based learning”? A. Children following clear instructions to complete art projects. B. Children creating their own games and exploring personal interests. C. Children completing academic worksheets at their desks. D. Children memorizing facts through repetitive classroom drills. 2.Why did Farr implement play-based learning? A. To reduce teaching preparation time. B. To improve exam performance. C. To support child development. D. To attract media attention. 3.How did the fifth graders respond to the new classroom arrangement? A. Became more distracted. B. Gained better concentration. C. Grew more independent. D. Developed stronger opinions. 4.What does the final paragraph emphasize about Farr’s approach? A. Its scientific basis. B. Its implementation costs. C. Its popularity with parents. D. Its academic achievements. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了校长Tina Farr在学校推行游戏化学习的创新做法及其积极成效。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Play-based learning — letting children move around, make up games and explore within loosely guided activities(以游戏为基础的学习——让孩子们四处走动，在松散的指导下进行游戏和探索)”可知，游戏化学习，让孩子们在宽松的引导活动中自由活动、编游戏和探索。选项B中的“creating their own games”直接对应原文中的“make up games”，而“exploring personal interests”精准概括了“explore within loosely guided activities”的本质，完美抓住了自主创造和自由探索的两个核心要素。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“If a practice isn’t in line with healthy child development, why are we doing it?(如果一种做法不符合儿童的健康发展，我们为什么要这么做？)”可推知，Farr的主要目的是支持儿童健康发展。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“The impact was immediate and impressive. Children now choose where and how to learn. A class once struggling with attention is now calm and engaged.(其影响立竿见影，令人印象深刻。孩子们现在可以选择在哪里和如何学习。一个曾经难以集中注意力的班级现在变得平静而投入)”和“Their self-regulation has improved greatly. They settle down to work much more readily.(他们的自我调节能力大大提高。他们更容易坐下来工作)”可知，学生们在新教室布置下，注意力得到了改善，能够更平静地投入学习，自我调节能力也大大提高，能更迅速地静下心来学习。这说明学生们注意力更集中了。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“We have neuroscience (神经科学) that shows us children learn through play.(神经科学告诉我们孩子是通过玩耍来学习的)”以及“The inspector really understood our play-based learning.(检查员非常理解我们以游戏为基础的学习)”，强调了有神经科学证明孩子们通过游戏学习，并且检查员也理解了这种基于游戏的学习方式。这突出了Farr的方法有科学依据。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $