Unit4语法(被动语态)导学案 2026-2027学年教科版五四学制英语九年级上册

Unit4 Wonderful world语法讲解与练习 语法：三大时态的被动语态 （一）被动语态基本概念 定义：英语语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态强调动作的执行者；被动语态强调动作的承受者，即“某人/某物被……”。 适用场景：不知道动作执行者、无需提及执行者、需要突出动作承受者时使用。 被动语态通用结构：主语（承受者）+ be动词 + 过去分词（done）+ (by+执行者) 核心禁忌：不及物动词（happen/take place/last等）无被动语态。 （二）三大时态被动语态精讲 1. 一般现在时被动语态 时态含义：表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或客观真理、客观事实。 固定结构：am / is / are + 过去分词(done) 人称搭配：第一人称单数用am；三单主语用is；复数/第二人称用are 例句1：The terraces are watered every day.（梯田每天都被灌溉。） 例句2：This river is protected by local villagers.（这条河流被当地村民保护。） 2. 一般过去时被动语态 时态含义：表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作，动作已结束。 固定结构：was / were + 过去分词(done) 人称搭配：单数主语用was；复数主语用were 例句1：The old dam was built ten years ago.（这座老水坝十年前被修建。） 例句2：Many trees were planted along the channel last year.（去年水渠边种了许多树。） 3. 一般将来时被动语态 时态含义：表示将来将要发生的被动动作。 固定结构：will be +过去分词(done) / am/is/are going to be +过去分词(done) 例句1：The waterfall area will be monitored soon.（这片瀑布区域很快将会被监测。 例句2：More farmland is going to be improved next year.（更多农田明年将会被改良。） （三）三大时态被动语态句式变换 1. 否定句 直接在be动词/ will 后加 not 一般现在时：The spider web is not cleaned every day.（蜘蛛网并非每日被清理。） 一般将来时：The terrace will not be flooded.（这片梯田不会被淹没。） 2. 一般疑问句 将be动词/ will 提前至句首 一般过去时：Were the trees carved last month?（这些树是上个月被雕刻的吗？） 一般现在时：Is the water level monitored every day?（水位每天都被监测吗？） （四）核心易错点总结 易错点1：被动语态缺一不可：被动结构必须同时具备 be动词+过去分词，缺一不构成被动。 正确：The work is finished. 错误：The work finished. 易错点2：时态看be动词：被动语态的时态、人称变化只体现在be动词上，过去分词永远不变。 例句1：He is praised.（一般现在被动） 例句2：He was praised.（一般过去被动） 易错点3：无被动动词牢记：happen、take place、appear、last、break out 等不及物动词/短语，永远无被动。 例句1：The accident happened yesterday.（无被动） 例句2：Great changes have taken place.（无被动） 易错点4：by的用法：被动句中，by后接动作执行者，可省略，多用于强调动作被谁完成。 例句1：The hill is reshaped by workers.（小山被工人改造。） 例句2：The river is surrounded by mountains.（河流被群山环绕。） 【配套练习】 大题一：单项选择 ( )1. The beautiful scenery ______ by thousands of visitors every year. A. is enjoyed B. was enjoyed C. will enjoy ( )2. The old dam ______ rebuilt last winter. A. is B. was C. will be ( )3. More terraces ______ protected in the future. A. are B. were C. will be ( )4. Water levels ______ every day to keep the farmland safe. A. are monitored B. monitored C. will monitor ( )5. Many nuts ______ by crows yesterday afternoon. A. are taken B. were taken C. will be taken ( )6. The whole village ______ by fog every early morning. A. covers B. is covered C. was covered ( )7. The channel ______ cleaned and repaired next month. A. is B. was C. will be ( )8. Spider webs ______ easily by wind and rain. A. are broken B. broke C. will break ( )9. A new water system ______ here two years ago. A. builds B. was built C. is built ( )10. The underground stream ______ protected well in the future. A. was B. is C. will be ( )11. Natural wisdom ______ by all local people now. A. is respected B. was respected C. will respect ( )12. Many old trees ______ down in the heavy storm last week. A. are cut B. were cut C. will be cut ( )13. The river ______ from time to time to prevent floods. A. is divided B. divided C. will divide ( )14. New signs ______ around the waterfall tomorrow. A. are put B. were put C. will be put ( )15. Rich farmland ______ by the river all year round. A. is surrounded B. was surrounded C. will surround ( )16. The ancient stones ______ carefully by workers last month. A. are carved B. were carved C. will be carved ( )17. The environment of the hills ______ better in the coming years. A. is made B. was made C. will be made ( )18. Small animals ______ by people in this protected area every day. A. are cared for B. were cared for C. will care for ( )19. The big flood ______ last summer and many fields were saved. A. is stopped B. was stopped C. will be stopped ( )20. More natural resources ______ in the near future. A. are protected B. were protected C. will be protected 大题二：单词适当形式填空 1. The local scenery ________ (love) by many tourists every year. 2. The old terrace ________ (build) hundreds of years ago. 3. More trees ________ (plant) around the lake next spring. 4. Water in the channel ________ (monitor) every morning now. 5. Many small houses ________ (flood) in the heavy rain last night. 6. The natural environment ________ (protect) well in the future. 7. These stones ________ (carve) into beautiful patterns every year. 8. The whole village ________ (surround) by green mountains now. 9. New rules ________ (make) to protect farmland last month. 10. The underground water ________ (check) regularly every month. 11. Some old roads ________ (reshape) in our town next year. 12. Many wild plants ________ (save) by villagers last summer. 13. The beauty of nature ________ (admire) by people all over the world. 14. Dangerous areas ________ (mark) clearly tomorrow. 15. The river course ________ (divide) into two parts many years ago. 大题三：句子改写（10题，主动变被动/同义转换） 1. People admire the wonderful natural scenery.（一般现在被动） The wonderful natural scenery ________ ________ by people. 2. Workers built the new dam last year.（一般过去被动） The new dam ________ ________ by workers last year. 3. We will protect the terraces well.（一般将来被动） The terraces ________ ________ ________ well by us. 4. Villagers monitor the water level every day.（一般现在被动） The water level ________ ________ by villagers every day. 5. People flooded the low farmland last rainy season.（一般过去被动） The low farmland ________ ________ last rainy season. 6. Farmers will improve the productive fields next year.（一般将来被动） The productive fields ________ ________ ________ by farmers next year. 7. Workers carve many stone patterns every year.（一般现在被动） Many stone patterns ________ ________ by workers every year. 8. People reshaped the riverside area ten years ago.（一般过去被动） The riverside area ________ ________ ten years ago. 9. We will divide the big field into small parts.（一般将来被动） The big field ________ ________ ________ into small parts. 10. People respect the wisdom of ancient farmers.（一般现在被动） The wisdom of ancient farmers ________ ________ by people. 大题四：汉译英句子翻译 1. 这里的梯田每年都被精心维护。（一般现在时被动） ________________________________________________________ 2. 这座古老的水坝是几百年前修建的。（一般过去时被动） ________________________________________________________ 3. 未来更多的自然景观将会被保护。（一般将来时被动） ________________________________________________________ 4. 每天的水位都会被工作人员监测。（一般现在时被动） ________________________________________________________ 5. 昨天暴雨过后，低处的农田被淹没了。（一般过去时被动） ________________________________________________________ 6. 明年小镇的河道将会被重新改造。（一般将来时被动） ________________________________________________________ 7. 群山环绕着整个宁静的村庄。（改为被动语态翻译） ________________________________________________________ 8. 这些石头雕刻作品去年被游客们称赞。（一般过去时被动） ________________________________________________________ 9. 许多农田依靠水渠的水源被滋养。（一般现在时被动） ________________________________________________________ 10. 未来更多环保规则将会被制定和执行。（一般将来时被动） ________________________________________________________ Keys 大题一：单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.C 大题二：单词适当形式填空 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. is loved（一般现在时被动，三单） 2. was built（一般过去时被动，单数主语） 3. will be planted（一般将来时被动） 4. is monitored（一般现在时被动） 5. were flooded（一般过去时被动，复数主语） 6. will be protected（一般将来时被动） 7. are carved（一般现在时被动，复数） 8. is surrounded（一般现在时被动） 9. were made（一般过去时被动，复数） 10. is checked（一般现在时被动） 11. will be reshaped（一般将来时被动） 12. were saved（一般过去时被动，复数） 13. is admired（一般现在时被动，不可数主语） 14. will be marked（一般将来时被动） 15. was divided（一般过去时被动，单数主语） 大题三：句子改写 1. is admired 2. was built 3. will be protected 4. is monitored 5. was flooded 6. will be improved 7. are carved 8. was reshaped 9. will be divided 10. is respected 大题四：汉译英 1. The terraces here are well maintained every year. 2. This ancient dam was built hundreds of years ago. 3. More natural scenery will be protected in the future. 4. The water level is monitored by staff every day. 5. The low farmland was flooded after the heavy rain yesterday. 6. The river course in the small town will be reshaped next year. 7. The whole peaceful village is surrounded by mountains. 8. These stone carvings were praised by tourists last year. 9. Lots of farmland is nourished by the water from the channels. 10. More environmental protection rules will be made and carried out in the future. $