Unit4 语法讲解及习题 一般现在时被动语态（Present simple passive）2026-2027学年沪教版英语（五四学制）九年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦九上Unit4一般现在时被动语态，结合民俗文化话题，从主动语态描述风俗导入，通过对比搭建学习支架，系统讲解句式结构、过去分词变化及主动被动转换步骤。 资料特色在于语法与文化深度融合，多样化习题强化语言能力，易错点辨析培养思维品质，解题思路指导提升学习能力，助力学生在真实文化情境中掌握语法，兼具实用性与文化意识培养。

沪教英语(五四学制)九上Unit4语法讲解及习题: 一般现在时被动语态(Present simple passive) 一、语法详细讲解 本单元核心语法:一般现在时的被动语态,单元话题为 Folk customs(民俗文化),被动语态在本单元用来客观介绍民俗风俗、传统工艺、节庆活动,也是九年级英语重中之重的语法考点。 (一)被动语态基础概念 1. 主动语态:主语发出动作,侧重动作的执行者。 公式:主语(执行者)+ 谓语动词 + 宾语(承受者) 例:People hold dragon boat races on the Dragon Boat Festival. 人们在端午节举办龙舟赛事。(people 发出 hold 这个动作,主动语态) 2. 被动语态:主语是动作的承受者,动作由其他人或事物完成,侧重动作本身、动作承受对象,常常不强调动作是谁做的,介绍风俗、客观常识多用被动语态。 公式:主语(动作承受者)+ be + 过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) 上句改写被动:Dragon boat races are held on the Dragon Boat Festival. 龙舟赛事在端午节被举办。(龙舟比赛承受 hold 的动作) (二)一般现在时被动语态完整结构 1. 四种句式 (1)肯定句 • 主语为单数 / 不可数名词: • 主语为复数: 例句(民俗话题) ① Sky lanterns are sent into the sky during the Lantern Festival. 孔明灯会在元宵节被放上天空。(复数主语,are + 过去分词) ② Sugar painting is regarded as a traditional Chinese folk art. 糖画被视作一项中国传统民间技艺。(单数主语,is + 过去分词) (2)否定句:be 动词后直接加 not 结构:主语 + is/are + not + 过去分词 例句:These old folk customs are not forgotten by local people. 这些古老民俗没有被当地人遗忘。 (3)一般疑问句:把 be 动词提到句首 结构:Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词? 例句:Are paper-cuts used for Spring Festival decorations? 剪纸会被用作春节装饰物吗? (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词? 例句:When are these traditional games played? 这些传统游戏会在什么时候开展? 2. by 短语的用法 by+动作执行者,可以放在句末;当执行者不需要点明、泛指人们(people)时,by 短语直接省略,教材例句大多省略 by。 例:Clay pots are thrown by people to wash away bad luck. 陶罐被人们摔碎,以此祛除晦气。(可以删掉 by people,句意依旧通顺) (三)动词过去分词两种变化规则 1. 规则变化 1)一般直接在词尾加 - ed:cook—cooked,call—called 2)以不发音字母 e 结尾,直接加 - d:make—made(不规则),celebrate—celebrated 3)辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 - ed:practise—practised 4)重读闭音节,辅元辅结尾,双写末尾辅音再加 - ed:stop—stopped 2. 不规则变化(必考,需要单独记忆,本单元教材出现) set—set,throw—thrown,sing—sung,see—seen,do—done,make—made 等 (四)主动语态变一般现在时被动语态做题步骤 1. 将原句宾语挪至句首,充当被动句主语; 2. 根据新主语单复数,选用 is /are; 3. 谓语动词改为过去分词; 4. 原句主语可置于句末,用 by 引出,可省略。 例:People perform folk dances every year.(主动) Folk dances are performed every year.(被动) (五)核心易错重难点辨析 1. 区分感官动词、不及物动词没有被动语态 happen, take place, appear, occur 等表示 “发生” 的词,主语本身就是事件,不存在被动形式, be happened 属于典型错误。 错:The folk festival is taken place in autumn. 正:The folk festival takes place in autumn. 感官动词 look, sound, feel, taste, smell 常用主动形式表达被动含义,不用被动语态。 例:This traditional snack tastes sweet.(正确,不用 is tasted) 2. 带有双宾语的主动句变被动(give, send, show, tell) 主动:People give red envelopes to kids. 被动两种写法: ① Kids are given red envelopes. ② Red envelopes are given to kids. 3. 固定短语的被动语态,介词不能丢掉 We take good care of old folk stories. Old folk stories are taken good care of.(介词 of 必须保留) 4. 一般现在时被动语态使用场景(对应本单元主旨) • 介绍长久流传的民俗习惯、客观风俗; • 讲述传统工艺固定制作流程; • 科普全世界约定俗成的文化常识。 (六)例句 1. Fireworks are set off to celebrate the coming new year. 烟花被燃放,用来庆祝新年到来。 2. Clay pots are thrown to wash out bad luck. 陶罐被摔碎,扫除霉运。 3. Folk songs are sung to celebrate our history. 人们传唱民谣,纪念历史。 4. Traditional dishes are cooked with love and shared among family and friends. 传统美食饱含心意被烹制,由亲友一同享用。 (七)解题做题思路 1. 判断时态:句子描述风俗、惯例、客观事实 选用一般现在时; 2. 判断主被动:主语能不能自主发出这个动作,不能则使用被动语态; 3. 判断主语单复数,确定 be 动词 is 或者 are; 4. 核对动词过去分词形式,留意不规则变形; 5. 疑问句、否定句看 be 动词位置。 二、专项练习题 题型一:单项选择题 1. Paper-cuts _ widely as Chinese folk decorations during Spring Festival. A. are used B. use C. uses D. is used 2. Look! These special pots _ at Greek New Year parties. A. throw B. are thrown C. threw D. is thrown 3. —Who makes sugar painting in your town? —It _ by several old folk artists. A. makes B. made C. is made D. are made 4. Many old folk tales _ orally from parents to children every generation. A. pass B. are passed C. passed D. is passed 5. _ the traditional dances _ on Holi Festival in India? A. Are; performed B. Do; perform C. Is; performed D. Does; perform 6. This kind of special cloth _ to make local folk costumes. A. use B. uses C. is used D. are used 7. People do not carry sky lanterns on rainy days, so sky lanterns _ on wet days. A. don’t send B. aren’t sent C. isn’t sent D. didn’t send 8. Which traditional craft _ most often _ in this small village? A. are; created B. do; create C. is; created D. does; create 9. A great number of folk songs _ to record local people’s daily life. A. are sung B. sing C. is sung D. sang 10. We can learn local culture because many customs _ everywhere around the world. A. practise B. are practised C. is practised D. practises 11. The custom of giving red envelopes _ still _ among Chinese families. A. do; keep B. are; kept C. is; kept D. does; keep 12. —Do you know about the festival? —Yes. Special meals _ before the festival comes. A. are cooked B. cook C. is cooked D. cooks 13. These ancient folk arts _ by local people every year. A. are kept B. keep C. kept D. are keeping 14. These hand-made gifts _ as presents when visitors come to the village. A. regard B. regards C. is regarded D. are regarded 15. People show respect for ancestors, so offerings _ on traditional memorial days. A. are put B. put C. is put D. puts 16. Why _ these colourful activities _ every autumn in this town? A. are; held B. do; hold C. is; held D. does; hold 题型二:用所给动词的一般现在时被动语态填空 选用单词:give, make, create, celebrate, perform, throw, practise 17. Red envelopes _ out to kids on Chinese New Year. 18. Beautiful wood carvings _ for holiday markets in Germany. 19. Various folk dances _ around bonfires during Holi Festival. 20. Clay pots _ against doors to get good luck in Greece. 21. Special baskets _ by local tribes in Kenya for ceremonies. 22. Different traditional customs _ across the whole world. 23. Many old traditions _ by young people nowadays. 题型三:句型转换( 主动语态改为一般现在时被动语态) 24. People hold dragon boat races on the Dragon Boat Festival. _ 25. Local artists make sugar painting for visitors. _ 26. People share traditional food at folk festivals. _ 27. Do young people learn these old folk stories today? _ 题型四:句子改错(划出错误并写出正确答案) 28. Many wonderful folk customs are taken place every year in different countries. _ 29. This special kind of snack is tasted delicious by local villagers. _ 30. Folk music are sung to show people’s true feelings. _ 题型五:短文填空 选用方框动词,使用一般现在时被动语态填空:call, use, build, show Lots of folk traditions 31._ to carry our culture. A kite is one typical folk craft. Thin sticks 32._ to build its frame. Colourful paper 33._ to cover the frame. Finally, string 34._ to tie the kite, and then it can fly in the sky. 三、参考答案与详细解析 (一)单项选择题 1. 答案:A 解析:主语 Paper-cuts 为复数,剪纸不能自主发出 use 动作,使用一般现在时被动 are used。句意:春节期间剪纸被广泛用作中式民俗装饰物。 2. 答案:B 解析:主语 pots 是复数,陶罐只能 “被摔碎”,被动语态 are thrown。 3. 答案:C 解析:代词 it 指代单数 sugar painting,糖画由匠人制作,单数被动 is made。 4. 答案:B 解析:folk tales 复数,故事只能够被一代代流传,are passed。 5. 答案:A 解析:主语 dances 为复数,疑问句 be 动词放句首,are performed。 6. 答案:C 解析:cloth 为不可数名词,这件面料被用来制作民俗服饰,选用 is used。 7. 答案:B 解析:sky lanterns 复数,孔明灯不会主动送出,否定形式 aren’t sent。 8. 答案:C 解析:this kind of + 名词作主语视作单数,工艺被创造,is created。 9. 答案:A 解析:songs 为复数,民谣被人们传唱,are sung。 10. 答案:B 解析:customs 复数,民俗被各地人们践行,are practised。 11. 答案:C 解析:主语 the custom 是单数,习俗被保留,is kept。 12. 答案:A 解析:meals 为复数,美食被烹制,are cooked。 13. 答案:A 解析:主语 ancient folk arts 为复数,民俗技艺是被人们传承、保留,需用一般现在时被动语态 are kept,贴合单元语法考点。 14. 答案:D 解析:gifts 复数,礼品被视作特产,are regarded。 15. 答案:A 解析:offerings 祭品为复数,祭品被摆放,are put。 16. 答案:A 解析:activities 复数,活动被举办,被动疑问句 are held。 (二)动词适当形式填空答案 17. are given 18. are made 19. are performed 20. are thrown 21. are created 22. are celebrated 23. are practised 解析:全部主语均为复数,统一使用 are + 对应动词过去分词,贴合课本原对话素材,考查不规则、规则动词变形。 (三)句型转换参考答案 24. Dragon boat races are held on the Dragon Boat Festival. 解析:原句宾语挪至句首作主语,复数搭配 are,hold 过去分词为 held。 25. Sugar painting is made for visitors by local artists. 解析:sugar painting 单数,谓语 is made,动作执行者可置于句末,by 短语能够省略。 26. Traditional food is shared at folk festivals. 27. Are these old folk stories learnt by young people today? 解析:一般疑问句改写被动,be 动词放置句首。 (四)改错题答案 28. 错误:are taken place 修改:take place 解析:take place 表示发生,不及物动词短语,不存在被动语态,直接主动形式。 29. 错误:is tasted 修改:tastes 解析:感官动词 taste 主动形式表被动含义,不需要使用被动语态。 30. 错误:are sung 修改:is sung 解析:folk music 属于不可数名词,be 动词选用 is。 (五)短文填空答案 31. are shown 32. are used 33. is used 34. is used 解析:整篇文段介绍风筝这项民间手工艺,通篇使用一般现在时被动语态。第31题主语 traditions 为复数,用 are shown;第32题主语 thin sticks 为复数,细木条被用来制作风筝骨架,用 are used;第33题主语 colourful paper 为不可数名词,视作单数,纸张被用来裱糊风筝骨架,用 is used;第34题主语 string 为不可数名词,视作单数,线被用来系住风筝,用 is used,贴合原文语义与搭配逻辑。 ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $