Unit5语法(定语从句)导学案2026-2027学年教科版五四学制英语九年级上册

Unit5 Joyful journey语法讲解与练习 语法：who/which/that引导的定语从句 （一）定语从句基本概念 定义：修饰名词/代词的从句叫做定语从句，相当于汉语里“……的”，用来限定、解释前面的名词，让指代更具体。 核心结构：先行词+关系代词（who/which/that）+ 从句剩余部分 先行词：被修饰的名词/代词（放在定语从句前面）； 关系代词：连接主句和从句，同时在从句中充当成分（主语/宾语）。 单元重点：只考察三个基础关系代词 who / which / that， （二）三大关系代词细分用法 1. who 指代人（仅用于先行词为人） 用法：先行词是人，关系代词用who，在从句中可作主语、宾语。 The guide who leads our trip is very patient.（带领我们旅行的导游非常有耐心。） I met a traveler who has visited many scenic spots.（我遇到了一位游历过很多景点的旅行者。） 2. which 指代物（仅用于先行词为事物/动物） 用法：先行词是事物、物品、景物、动物，关系代词用which，在从句中可作主语、宾语。 The trip which we took last week was joyful.（我们上周的旅行十分愉快。） This is the ancient town which is famous for its beautiful scenery.（这就是那座以美景闻名的古镇。） 3. that 通用代词（既可指人，也可指物） 用法：万能关系代词，可替代who（指人）、替代which（指物），多用于口语和常规考试，适用范围最广。 指人例句：The girl that takes photos is my travel partner.（拍照的那个女孩是我的旅伴。） 指物例句：The scenery that we saw was amazing.（我们见到的景色美极了。） （三）核心语法规则 1. 从句语序：永远陈述语序 定语从句无论何种句式，一律用主语+谓语陈述语序，不可倒装。 正确：The person who helps me is kind. 错误：The person who helps I is kind. 2. 关系代词作主语，谓语单复数跟随先行词 who/which/that在从句中作主语时，从句动词单复数由前面的先行词决定。 Students who travel a lot are open-minded.（先行词复数，谓语用原形） The book that introduces scenic spots is useful.（先行词单数，谓语三单） 3. 关系代词作宾语可省略 当who/which/that在从句中作宾语时，可以直接省略，句子意思不变；作主语绝对不能省略。 例句（可省略）：The journey (that/which) we experienced is unforgettable. 例句（不可省略）：The man who shows us around is a local villager.（作主语，不可省） （四）who/which/that 用法区别与选用口诀 先行词是人 → 优先who，也可用that 先行词是物 → 优先which，也可用that 万能口诀：人用who，物用which，that 通用不挑剔 （五）高频易错点汇总 1. 严禁混用：指人不用which，指物不用who； 2. 关系代词作主语时，从句谓语必须匹配先行词单复数； 3. 主语不省略，宾语可省略，考试高频挖坑点； 4. 定语从句只修饰名词，不修饰句子、形容词。 【配套练习】 大题一：单项选择 ( )1. The traveler ______ comes from Canada loves Chinese scenery very much. A. who B. which C. what ( )2. This is the beautiful lake ______ we visited during our journey. A. who B. which C. where ( )3. The guide ______ helps us is friendly and helpful. A. which B. who C. whose ( )4. The photos ______ I took in the town are very wonderful. A. that B. who C. whom ( )5. People ______ love traveling always enjoy new things. A. which B. who C. what ( )6. This is the trip ______ brings me lots of happiness. A. who B. which C. whose ( )7. The girl ______ I met on the journey is from Beijing. A. who B. which C. what ( )8. The ancient buildings ______ stand on the hill are hundreds of years old. A. who B. which C. where ( )9. Anyone ______ likes nature will love this place. A. who B. which C. that’s ( )10. The story ______ he told us is about a joyful trip. A. who B. which C. what ( )11. The villagers ______ live here are kind to tourists. A. which B. who C. whose ( )12. The ticket ______ I bought yesterday is for the scenic spot. A. that B. who C. whom ( )13. Places ______ have fresh air are good for traveling. A. who B. which C. what ( )14. The teacher ______ will join our trip is very strict. A. who B. which C. where ( )15. The gift ______ I received is from my travel friend. A. who B. which C. whose ( )16. Boys ______ like outdoor activities prefer traveling. A. which B. who C. what ( )17. The river ______ runs through the town is very clean. A. who B. which C. whom ( )18. The experience ______ we had is unforgettable. A. that B. who C. where ( )19. The driver ______ drives the tourist bus is careful. A. which B. who C. what ( )20. The mountains ______ we climbed are very spectacular. A. who B. which C. whose 大题二：用正确的关系代词填空 1. The people ________ we meet during the trip are all warm-hearted. 2. This is the park ________ is famous for its cherry blossoms. 3. The boy ________ shares travel stories with us is my classmate. 4. The luggage ________ I packed is light and convenient. 5. Teachers ________ organize school trips are very responsible. 6. The scenery ________ attracts many tourists is in this town. 7. The traveler ________ helped me lost his way just now. 8. The bridge ________ crosses the river is very old. 9. Friends ________ travel together stay closer. 10. The book ________ introduces local culture is useful. 11. The guide ________ we followed knows every corner here. 12. The wind ________ blows gently makes the trip comfortable. 13. Girls ________ love taking photos like this scenic spot. 14. The memory ________ the journey brings is precious. 15. The dog ________ follows the tourists is very cute. 大题三：句子合并改写 （将两个简单句合并为含定语从句的复合句） 1. The man is our tour guide. He is standing there. The man ________ is standing there is our tour guide. 2. The place is very beautiful. We visited it last weekend. The place ________ we visited last weekend is very beautiful. 3. The girl is my deskmate. She likes traveling very much. The girl ________ likes traveling very much is my deskmate. 4. The photo is wonderful. I took it during the journey. The photo ________ I took during the journey is wonderful. 5. The people are friendly. They live in the ancient town. The people ________ live in the ancient town are friendly. 6. The trip is unforgettable. We had the trip last holiday. The trip ________ we had last holiday is unforgettable. 7. The boy is a traveler. He helped us carry luggage. The boy ________ helped us carry luggage is a traveler. 8. The mountain is high. We will climb it tomorrow. The mountain ________ we will climb tomorrow is high. 9. The teacher will go on a trip with us. She teaches us English. The teacher ________ teaches us English will go on a trip with us. 10. The story is interesting. He told the story yesterday. The story ________ he told yesterday is interesting. 大题四：汉译英句子翻译 1. 带领我们旅行的导游非常专业。（who） ___________________________________________________ 2. 我们上周参观的小镇十分宁静美丽。（which） ___________________________________________________ 3. 我在旅途中遇到的人都很善良。（that） ___________________________________________________ 4. 这段带给我快乐的旅行让我难以忘怀。（which） ___________________________________________________ 5. 喜欢探索自然的人热爱旅行。（who） ___________________________________________________ 6. 我拍的这些照片记录了美好的旅途时光。（that） ___________________________________________________ 7. 住在这座古镇的村民非常热情。（who） ___________________________________________________ 8. 我们将要游览的景点非常有名。（which） ___________________________________________________ 9. 和我一起旅行的女孩是我的好朋友。（who） ___________________________________________________ 10. 这次旅途留下的回忆十分珍贵。（that） ___________________________________________________ Keys 大题一：单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.B 大题二：填空 1. who/that 2. which/that 3. who/that 4. which/that 5. who/that 6. which/that 7. who/that 8. which/that 9. who/that 10. which/that 11. who/that 12. which/that 13. who/that 14. which/that 15. which/that 大题三：句子改写 1. who/that 2. which/that 3. who/that 4. which/that 5. who/that 6. which/that 7. who/that 8. which/that 9. who/that 10. which/that 大题四：汉译英 1. The guide who leads our trip is very professional. 2. The small town which we visited last weekend is very quiet and beautiful. 3. The people that I met during the trip are all very kind. 4. The trip which brings me happiness is unforgettable. 5. People who love exploring nature enjoy traveling. 6. These photos that I took record the wonderful journey time. 7. The villagers who live in this ancient town are very warm-hearted. 8. The scenic spot which we will visit is very famous. 9. The girl who travels with me is my good friend. 10. The memories that the journey leaves are very precious. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $