Unit 3 Period Two Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction（Reading）(Word课后习题)【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册学生用书（北师大版）

Period Two　Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction (Reading) Ⅰ.1.species　2.wiped　3.blamed　4.solar Ⅱ.1.varied/various　2.endangered　3.masses　4.restoration 5.unusual　6.survival　7.was affected　8.by Ⅲ.1.dying out　2.wipe out　3.were to blame　4.at risk 5.known as/famous for Ⅳ.1.the main reason why they are so excited is that　2.twice as many nursing homes　3.with which a well was built near a primary school　4.wouldn’t have come true Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从爸爸到妈妈再到作者在养植物的过程中得到安慰的故事。 1.B　根据下文needs and interests可知,这里说的是根据他们的特殊需求来定制。故选B。urgent紧急的;particular特殊的;basic基本的;formal正式的。 2.A　根据上文built-in bookshelves可知,书架用来容纳他们的数百本书。故选A。house容纳,收藏;contain包括;keep保持;hide躲藏。 3.D　根据上文a heart attack以及下文to keep my dad’s memory alive可知,此处说的是夺去了爸爸的生命。故选D。waste浪费;affect影响;threaten威胁;claim夺去生命。 4.D　根据下文“…filled our sunroom with low-light plants like ferns (蕨类植物), which consistently died off.”可知,妈妈不善于园艺。故选D。golden touch点金术;silver tongue口才,善于言辞;brown thumbs园艺技能差;green fingers园艺技能。 5.C　根据下文“…eventually got better through trial and error.”可知,妈妈进行了多年的实验,最终通过试错,园艺技能变得更好。故选C。examine检查;explore探索;experiment实验;discover发现。 6.C　根据上文the plants my garden-loving father可知,这些植物会让妈妈想起她和爸爸的快乐时光。故选C。book书籍;bookshelf书架;plant植物;home家。 7.A　根据下文“…at least part of the room always had plants growing in it.”以及语境可知,这些植物让妈妈感到安慰。故选A。comfort安慰;promise承诺;reward奖励;habit习惯。 8.C　根据下文“…landed her in hospital.”可知,妈妈摔倒导致住院。故选C。rise上升;climb攀登;fall摔倒;advance进步。 9.B　根据“As I was thoroughly…with tending her…”可知,这里说的是全身心地忙于照顾妈妈。故选B。disappointed失望的;occupied忙于;bored无聊的;associated相关的。 10.D　根据下文the point of a breakdown可知,作者感到筋疲力尽。故选D。energetic精力充沛的;excited兴奋的;discouraged气馁的;exhausted筋疲力尽的。 11.C　根据下文“…I always got recharged…”可知,神奇的是,在照顾她的植物时,作者总能恢复活力。故选C。logically有逻辑地;systematically系统地;magically神奇地;consequently因此。 12.D　根据下文“…her plants, especially her enormous ferns…”可知,此处说的是当作者照顾这些植物时。故选D。shout at冲……喊叫;clean away清除;cut down砍倒;care for关心,照顾。 13.B　根据上文especially her enormous ferns以及常识可知,这里说的是一个合适的阴凉处。故选B。warm温暖的;shady阴凉的;sunny晴朗的;cold寒冷的。 14.B　根据上文“Mum may not be with us much longer…”可知,妈妈的健康状况下降了。故选B。improve提高;decline下降;change改变;increase增加。 15.A　根据上文“Mum may not be with us much longer, for her health has…significantly.”可知,妈妈生病,现在轮到作者来照顾她的植物了。故选A。turn(轮到的)机会;decision决定;dream梦想;future未来。 Ⅵ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了由于过度捕捞,浅水鱼类的数量已经严重下降,以及由此导致的后果。 1.G　根据上文“People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic.”(人们仍然想吃鱼,因此渔业必须寻找其他来源,特别是大西洋的深水区。)以及下文内容可推知,空处应承接上文,说明以上做法导致的不良影响。故G选项(这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降。)切题。故选G。 2.D　根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”(对五种这样的物种的研究表明,数量下降了87%到98%。)以及常识可知,数量下降到了一定程度,我们便称它们为“极度濒危”物种。故D选项(这使得它们被归为“极度濒危”物种。)切题,this指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent”。故选D。 3.C　根据上文“Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.”(深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖,通常需要生长很多年。)以及下文“The average size of such fish also declines, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.”(这些鱼的平均尺寸也在下降,其中一个物种的平均尺寸下降了57%。这一点值得特别关注,因为大鱼往往比小鱼生育更多的后代。)可知,空处应承上启下,说明深海鱼类的繁殖率非常低。故C选项(不幸的是,它们的繁殖率非常低。)切题。故选C。 4.E　根据下文“The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.”(深海鱼类被捕获,仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类。这就像把大象当作繁殖速度飞快的兔子杀死一样。)可知,渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。故E选项(渔业没有考虑到这些事实。)切题。故选E。 5.A　根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.”(数百万人以渔业为生。)可知,空处应与上文的内容相关,继续说明渔业对人的重要作用。故A选项(数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质。)切题。故选A。 Ⅶ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大堡礁的美丽、海洋生物多样性、旅游吸引力及其面临的环境威胁。 1.Located　考查非谓语动词。空处需要非谓语动词作状语。be located“坐落于……”,该短语省略be动词,剩下过去分词作状语。该单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填Located。 2.structures　考查名词复数。structure为可数名词,前有few修饰,应用复数形式。故填structures。 3.was selected　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语in 1981可知,句子用一般过去时,且主语和select之间是被动关系,主语为第三人称单数形式。故填was selected。 4.stretching　考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构,即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语2,900 individual reefs and 900 picturesque tropical islands之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾补。故填stretching。 5.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词tiny organisms。先行词指物,从句缺少主语,所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 6.a　考查冠词。a source of意为“……的来源”。故填a。 7.specially　考查副词。空处需用副词修饰coming to。故填specially。 8.under　考查介词。be under threat为固定搭配,意为“受到威胁”。故填under。 9.expansion　考查名词。根据空前的industrial可知,空处需要名词作宾语。expand的名词形式为expansion“扩张”,为不可数名词,故填expansion。 10.and　考查连词。根据句意可知,前后为并列关系,故填and。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Period Two　Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction (Reading) ●Ⅰ 单词拼写(每小题1分,共4分) 1.Many 　　　　(物种) are in danger due to environmental changes, and we should do our part to protect them.  2.She 　　　　　　　(擦) the dust off the furniture carefully and the room suddenly looked refreshed and inviting.  3.The manager 　　　　　　　(指责) the employees for the project delay , but many factors also contributed to the situation.  4.Many households are installing s　　　　 panels on their rooftops, which has a role in reducing carbon emissions.  ●Ⅱ 单句填空(每小题1.5分,共12分) 1.The enthusiastic traveller enjoyed the 　　　　(vary) cultures and cuisines during his journey around the world.  2.The professor gave a lecture on the importance of preserving 　　　　　　　(endanger) languages.  3.The publisher received 　　　　(mass) of letters from readers who were appreciative of the informative articles in the magazine.  4.The 　　　　　　(restore) of the ancient temple was a project that required the cooperation of many skilled artisans and historians.  5.The 　　　　(usual) weather patterns this year have significantly impacted agricultural production .　  6.All other problems became less important compared with the struggle for 　　　　　(survive).  7.The astronaut ‘s training schedule 　　　　(affect) by the sudden change in weather, but he remained committed to his mission.  8.The company’s profits decreased 　　　　20% due to the economic downturn, but the determined CEO remained optimistic about the future.  ●Ⅲ 短语填空(每小题2分,共10分) 1.The tradition of writing letters by hand is slowly 　　　　　　(绝迹,消失) as more people prefer digital communication.  2.We’ll 　　　　　(彻底毁灭) any enemy that dares to invade our territory.  3.Some social app companies 　　　　　　(负有责任) because they didn’t check their users’ registration.  4.The drivers were more likely to break the speed limit and were 　　　　　　(处境危险,受到威胁) of getting fined.  5.China has always been 　　　　　　　　　(以……著称) a land of propriety and righteousness.  ●Ⅳ 句型训练(每小题3分,共12分) 1.And of course, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　pandas are just so cute! (reason)  当然,他们如此兴奋的主要原因是大熊猫实在是太可爱了! 2.As society cares more and more about the old, there have been 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　as there were ten years ago in our country.  随着社会越来越关心老人,我们国家养老院的数量已经是十年前的两倍。 3.After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in Uganda. (“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句)  几个月后,瑞安筹到了2000 美元。有了这笔钱,一口井在乌干达的一所小学旁边被建了起来。 4.Without your help, all of this 　　　　　　　　　　　　. (虚拟条件句)  没有你的帮助,所有的这一切都无法实现。 ●Ⅴ 完形填空(每小题1分,共15分) When I was 8, my family moved into our brand-new home. My parents had adapted it to our own 　1　 needs and interests, including built-in bookshelves to 　2　 their hundreds of books and a large, bright sunroom to shelter all the plants my garden-loving father planned to grow. Unfortunately, a few months later, a heart attack 　3　 his life.  My mother, who never had 　4　 filled our sunroom with low-light plants like ferns (蕨类植物), which consistently died off. Instead of giving up, she 　5　 over years and eventually got better through trial and error.  She never specifically said she wanted to become a better gardener as a way to keep my dad’s memory alive, but I knew the sight of the 　6　 could call to mind their happy time. It was a 　7　 to her that at least part of the room always had plants growing in it.  Then last year, Mum experienced a series of 　8　 that landed her in hospital. As I was thoroughly 　9　 with tending her while raising kids and working, I felt 　10　 to the point of a breakdown.　11　, I always got recharged when 　12　 her plants, especially her enormous ferns—now at home in a more appropriate 　13　 spot.  Mum may not be with us much longer, for her health has 　14　 significantly. It’s my 　15　 to develop a green thumb—nursing her plants is a future source of comfort that we could be always together.  (　)1.A.urgent 　　　 　B.particular C.basic D.formal (　)2.A.house B.contain C.keep D.hide (　)3.A.wasted B.affected C.threatened D.claimed (　)4.A.golden touch B.silver tongue C.brown thumbs D.green fingers (　)5.A.examined B.explored C.experimented D.discovered (　)6.A.books B.bookshelves C.plants D.home (　)7.A.comfort B.promise C.reward D.habit (　)8.A.rises B.climbs C.falls D.advances (　)9.A.disappointed B.occupied C.bored D.associated (　)10.A.energetic B.excited C.discouraged D.exhausted (　)11.A.Logically B.Systematically C.Magically D.Consequently (　)12.A.shouting at B.cleaning away C.cutting down D.caring for (　)13.A.warm B.shady C.sunny D.cold (　)14.A.improved B.declined C.changed D.increased (　)15.A.turn B.decision C.dream D.future ●Ⅵ 阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分) There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. 1.　　　　　  Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 2.　　　　 Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.  The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. 3.　　　　 The average size of such fish also declines, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.  4.　　　　 The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.  The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 5.　　　　 Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.  A.Billions of people rely on fish for protein. B.Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish. C.Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low. D.This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”. E.None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry. F.Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife. G.This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught. ●Ⅶ 语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分) The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the world’s largest coral reef system. 1.　　　　(locate) off the coast of Queensland in north-east Australia, it is one of the few biological 2.　　　　　　(structure) visible from space. The GBR is one of the seven wonders of the world and 3.　　　　　　(select) as a World Heritage Site in 1981. It is blessed with breathtaking beauty with 2,900 individual reefs and 900 picturesque tropical islands 4.　　　　(stretch) for over 2,000 kilometres. The reef structure is composed of billions of tiny organisms, 5.　　　　 support a wide diversity of marine life.  The sheer size of the GBR, as well as its beauty, draws people from all over the world each year. A visitor can enjoy thrilling experiences including helicopter tours, glass-bottomed boat viewing, whale watching, swimming with dolphins and so on. For Australians, the reef is 6.　　　　　 source of pride and enjoyment, with the majority of tourists coming 7.　　　　(special) to Australia to see it.  However, the GBR is 8.　　　　 threat. The exploitation (开发) of oil and gas is driving industrial 9.　　　　　　(expand) along much of the northern Queensland coast. Recently, a research group has arrived in Australia to assess the condition of the GBR 10.　　　　 investigate concerns about damage to it. Environmentalists are demanding that all industrial development be stopped until an official review of the health of the GBR is carried out.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $