Unit 3 Period 1 Topic Talk & The Sixth Extinction（分层作业）英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过A/B/C组分层设计，构建从词汇基础到语篇应用的递进路径，融合语言能力培养与思维品质提升，适配新授课知识巩固需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|核心词汇（如保护、灭绝）、基础语法（词性转换）|直接考查单词拼写、单句填空，夯实语言能力基础| |B组能力进阶|语法应用（时态、非谓语）、句子表达|语境化练习（语法填空、完成句子），衔接基础与综合应用| |C组思维拔高|语篇理解、逻辑分析|高考题型（阅读理解、七选五），通过环保主题文本提升推理与批判思维|

Unit 3 Period 1 Topic Talk & The Sixth Extinction 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、根据汉语提示写出英文单词 1. 保护 ________________ 2. 破坏；毁掉 ________________ 3. 回收利用 ________________ 4. 威胁 ________________ 5. 灭绝的，绝种的 ________________ 6. 紧急的，急迫的 ________________ 7. 物种 ________________ 8. 减少 ________________ 9. 影响 ________________ 10.（使）恢复 ________________ 二、根据句意和汉语提示写出单词 1. We should take action to stop hunters killing rhinos ________ (非法地). 2. The warm weather will help the turtle eggs ________ (孵化) soon. 3. Human activities seriously ________ (影响) the living conditions of sea‑birds. 4. Scientists are trying hard to ________ (恢复) the polluted wetland. 5. People are warned that this rare species is ________ (濒危的). 6. The flood was to ________ (责怪) for the loss of many plants. 三、单句语法填空 1. The wetland is under ________ (threaten) from industrial waste nearby. 2. Many wildlife species are in danger of ________ (extinct). 3. The local government took ________ (urgency) action to protect endangered animals. 4. Illegal ________ (hunt) has greatly reduced the number of rhinos in this area. 5. The new policy has a positive ________ (affect) on the protection of wildlife. 6. Experts are calling for the ________ (restore) of the natural balance of the river. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 许多珍稀物种正处于危险之中，如果我们不采取行动它们将会灭绝。 Many rare species are ________________________ and they will die out if we take no action. 2. 政府正尽自己的职责改善野生动物的生存环境。 The government is ________________________ to improve living conditions for wild animals. 3. 越来越多的人意识到保护环境的重要性。 More and more people ________________________ the importance of environmental protection. 4. 科学家们正在努力恢复这片被破坏的森林。 Scientists are making efforts ________________________ the damaged forest. 5. 这种动物的数量近年来急剧下降。 The number of this kind of animal has ________________________ in recent years. 五、语法填空 （25-26高二下·甘肃天水·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。 California and seven other states put forward a plan 1 (put) 3.3 million electric and fuel cell (燃料电池) vehicles on the road by 2025 — a goal that seems out 2 reach considering current market trends. The states set a target that 15% of their new-car sales would be zero-emission (零排放) vehicles. Such vehicles include electricity-only cars and hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles. Partial-zero-emission vehicles such as plug-in hybrids, 3 run both on gasoline and electricity, also can count towards part of the goal. But zero-emission sales make up only a tiny part of the 15 million to 16 million vehicles sold 4 (annual) in the U.S. The multi-state ZEV action plan 5 (announce) last week and developed as part of a larger agreement to speed the 6 (introduce) of zero emission vehicles to fight greenhouse gas pollution. The plan laid out 7 mass of steps to speed acceptance of the vehicles from average 8 (consumer), such as giving such vehicles access to carpool lanes (共乘车道) and 9 (charge) lower fees on roads and bridges for such cars. “Today, we’re putting a foot on the pedal to get more clean cars on the road,” said California Gov. Jerry Brown. “This is a 10 (reality) measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.” 六、阅读理解 （26-27高三上·湖南郴州·阶段检测）Tree shade is one of the most effective tools cities have against extreme heat. It’s cheap, and works immediately, and it makes streets genuinely more bearable for the people who have no choice but to be on them. But a new study from the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar has found that blanket tree-planting targets — the kind that focus purely on increasing green cover — can miss the point. In some cases, city greening projects may actually make damp heat feel worse. Trees cool cities through two mechanisms: shade and evapotranspiration (蒸散). Shade is straightforward — canopy (树冠) blocks direct sunlight and the ground and people beneath it stay cooler. Evapotranspiration is the process by which trees release moisture (水分) into the air, which in dry conditions evaporates and carries heat away with it. The problem is that evapotranspiration’s benefits depend heavily on context. In dry air, released moisture evaporates efficiently and the cooling effect is strong. In hot, wet and closely built neighborhoods, that same moisture can get trapped near the ground rather than disappearing. The air stays heavy and warm. And the Heat Index (指数), which combines temperature and dampness to capture how heat is actually experienced by the human body, can go up even as the shade provides immediate surface-level relief. The researchers found this effect showing up across their dataset. Once greenness and leaf thickness crossed certain limits, plants cover and canopy structure were associated with lower Heat Index. But high canopy physiological activity (trees working hard, releasing a lot of moisture) was associated with higher Heat Index in some settings, particularly in hot, wet and small urban areas. Cities need more trees, but they also need the right trees in the right places. Shade, moisture management, and airflow all need to work together rather than as separate solutions. And those decisions must be tailored to the specific climate and layout of each neighborhood. 1．What does the new study suggest about the current city greening projects? A．They are the cheapest way to cool the city. B．They effectively reduce the heat in all areas. C．They don’t always achieve the desired effect. D．They should focus on increasing green cover. 2．How does evapotranspiration help cool cities? A．It can provide immediate relief for people. B．It blocks sunlight from reaching the ground. C．It works efficiently in all weather conditions. D．It removes heat by adding moisture to the air. 3．What determines the role of evapotranspiration? A．The surroundings. B．The temperature. C．The cooling effect. D．The biodiversity. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Trees Cool Cities in Two Mechanisms B．City Greening Calls for Smart Planning C．Heat Index Reflects Human Heat Feeling D．Shade Isn’t the Solution to Cooling Cities 七、七选五 （25-26高二上·湖南长沙·期末）Tuvalu is an island country. It is famous for its sandy beaches and turquoise (青绿色的) waters and has long been a popular tourist destination for nearby New Zealanders. However, Tuvalu is at risk of no longer existing because of the rising sea level. Tuvalu is experiencing the harmful effects of global warming. As global temperatures rise, so does the ocean temperature. Due to the scientific law of “thermal (热的) expansion”, when water heats up it gets bigger. 1 Most experts claim that the effects of climate change will make Tuvalu uninhabitable in the next 50 to 100 years. Problems are already emerging. As sea level rises, ocean water containing high levels of salt is travelling further and further inland, destroying the little amount of soil that Tuvaluans have to grow crops. Even before Tuvaluans began to suffer from the effects of climate change, life on Tuvalu was tough. 2 Most of the land on an atoll (环礁) is rock-hard and any soil that exists on it is usually thin and poor for growing crops. The nation has always had to import food apart from fish. More serious than Tuvalu’s lack of homegrown food has been its lack of drinking water. 3 Therefore, Tuvaluans rely almost entirely on rainwater for their need for water. Unfortunately, due to a geographical phenomenon known as La Niña (拉尼娜现象), Tuvalu often suffers from long periods of drought. In 2011, after months of no rain, the government had to declare a state of emergency. 4 Tuvalu’s problems have led some of its inhabitants to consider migrating to Australia or New Zealand. 5 They know they’ll have to someday, but they want to remain for as long as possible and make the world aware of what is happening to their homeland due to climate change. A．This is largely due to the geological make-up of atolls. B．And as a member of the United Nations, they are just doing that. C．However, they are not willing to abandon the land of their forefathers so easily. D．Therefore, sea level is rising and for low-lying Tuvalu, this spells disaster. E．Tuvalu’s representatives demanded that nations should take a more responsible role in reducing gas emissions. F．It was a desperate situation, and but for emergency shipments from New Zealand and Australia, many Tuvaluans would have died. G．Unlike normal islands, atolls have no rivers or streams, which means that most of Tuvalu has no groundwater to use for drinking. （2026·北京·高考真题）Smells are all around us. What we know as a scent (气味) is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. But smell is often overlooked and undervalued. So, as climate change and biodiversity loss threaten natural scents, many people may not even notice. Whether or not we pay attention to the world’s “scentscape”, heat and pollution are causing it to shift. As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. “If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles (粒子) released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer. “And therefore, the perception of how the forest smells changes.” That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants. Climate change is also quickening the loss of biodiversity, threatening to erase certain smells entirely. When plants disappear, their scents become more difficult to produce. Some scents are linked to cultural heritage. A recent study reported that native communities in Peru noticed a change in the smell of the Amazon River due to industrial pollution. Over generations, communities became desensitised to increasingly smelly rivers, a sign of broader ecosystem degradation. At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings. The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice. Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it. 1．The author mentions snow in order to _____________. A．illustrate a point B．contrast approaches C．classify objects D．define a concept 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Biodiversity tends to be overlooked. B．Snow is intensified by a warming climate. C．Forest smell is likely to be changed by perception. D．Disappearance of the Earth’s smells can be a cultural loss. 3．What is implied in this passage? A．Loss of smells can lead to natural disasters. B．Damages of scentscapes can be artificially repaired. C．Scents of the missing plants are preserved in the atmosphere. D．Smell changes of forest and snow share a common underlying cause. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 1 Topic Talk & The Sixth Extinction 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、根据汉语提示写出英文单词 1. 保护 ________________ 2. 破坏；毁掉 ________________ 3. 回收利用 ________________ 4. 威胁 ________________ 5. 灭绝的，绝种的 ________________ 6. 紧急的，急迫的 ________________ 7. 物种 ________________ 8. 减少 ________________ 9. 影响 ________________ 10.（使）恢复 ________________ 二、根据句意和汉语提示写出单词 1. We should take action to stop hunters killing rhinos ________ (非法地). 2. The warm weather will help the turtle eggs ________ (孵化) soon. 3. Human activities seriously ________ (影响) the living conditions of sea‑birds. 4. Scientists are trying hard to ________ (恢复) the polluted wetland. 5. People are warned that this rare species is ________ (濒危的). 6. The flood was to ________ (责怪) for the loss of many plants. 三、单句语法填空 1. The wetland is under ________ (threaten) from industrial waste nearby. 2. Many wildlife species are in danger of ________ (extinct). 3. The local government took ________ (urgency) action to protect endangered animals. 4. Illegal ________ (hunt) has greatly reduced the number of rhinos in this area. 5. The new policy has a positive ________ (affect) on the protection of wildlife. 6. Experts are calling for the ________ (restore) of the natural balance of the river. 参考答案 一、1.conservation 2.destroy 3.recycle 4.threat 5.extinct 6.urgent 7.species 8.decrease 9.affect 10.restore 二、1.illegally 2.hatch 3.affect 4.restore 5.endangered 6.blame 三、1.threat 2.extinction 3.urgent 4.hunting 5.effect 6.restoration 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 许多珍稀物种正处于危险之中，如果我们不采取行动它们将会灭绝。 Many rare species are ________________________ and they will die out if we take no action. 2. 政府正尽自己的职责改善野生动物的生存环境。 The government is ________________________ to improve living conditions for wild animals. 3. 越来越多的人意识到保护环境的重要性。 More and more people ________________________ the importance of environmental protection. 4. 科学家们正在努力恢复这片被破坏的森林。 Scientists are making efforts ________________________ the damaged forest. 5. 这种动物的数量近年来急剧下降。 The number of this kind of animal has ________________________ in recent years. 四、1.at great risk 2.doing its part 3.are aware of 4.to bring back / restore 5.decreased sharply. 五、语法填空 （25-26高二下·甘肃天水·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。 California and seven other states put forward a plan 1 (put) 3.3 million electric and fuel cell (燃料电池) vehicles on the road by 2025 — a goal that seems out 2 reach considering current market trends. The states set a target that 15% of their new-car sales would be zero-emission (零排放) vehicles. Such vehicles include electricity-only cars and hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles. Partial-zero-emission vehicles such as plug-in hybrids, 3 run both on gasoline and electricity, also can count towards part of the goal. But zero-emission sales make up only a tiny part of the 15 million to 16 million vehicles sold 4 (annual) in the U.S. The multi-state ZEV action plan 5 (announce) last week and developed as part of a larger agreement to speed the 6 (introduce) of zero emission vehicles to fight greenhouse gas pollution. The plan laid out 7 mass of steps to speed acceptance of the vehicles from average 8 (consumer), such as giving such vehicles access to carpool lanes (共乘车道) and 9 (charge) lower fees on roads and bridges for such cars. “Today, we’re putting a foot on the pedal to get more clean cars on the road,” said California Gov. Jerry Brown. “This is a 10 (reality) measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.” 【答案】 1．to put 2．of 3．which 4．annually 5．was announced 6．introduction 7．a 8．consumers 9．charging 10．realistic 【导语】文章主要介绍加州等八个州出台计划，目标到2025年推广330万辆零排放车辆，阐述该计划的目标、具体举措以及环保意义。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：加利福尼亚州和其他七个州提出一项计划，到2025年让330万辆电动汽车和燃料电池汽车上路——一个考虑到当前市场趋势似乎遥不可及的目标。句中已有谓语put forward，空处应填非谓语形式；名词plan后常用不定式作后置定语，a plan to do sth.表示“做某事的计划”。 2．考查介词。句意：加利福尼亚州和其他七个州提出一项计划，到2025年让330万辆电动汽车和燃料电池汽车上路——一个考虑到当前市场趋势似乎遥不可及的目标。out of reach是固定短语，意为“够不着，遥不可及”。 3．考查定语从句。句意：插电式混合动力汽车这类部分零排放汽车依靠汽油和电力共同驱动，也可以计入该目标的一部分。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为plug-in hybrids，指物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which。 4．考查副词。句意：但零排放汽车销量仅占美国每年售出1500万至1600万辆汽车中的很小一部分。此处修饰动词sold，需用副词形式，annual的副词形式为annually，表示“每年”。 5．考查谓语动词。句意：这份多州零排放汽车行动计划于上周公布，是一项更大协议的组成部分，旨在加快推广零排放汽车以对抗温室气体污染。根据时间状语last week可知，句子描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时；主语plan和announce之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态；且主语为单数，应填was announced。 6．考查名词。句意：这份多州零排放汽车行动计划于上周公布，是一项更大协议的组成部分，旨在加快推广零排放汽车以对抗温室气体污染。定冠词the后接名词，introduce的名词形式introduction，表示“引进，推广”，为不可数名词。 7．考查冠词。句意：该计划制定大量举措，促进普通消费者接受这类车辆，例如允许这类车辆使用共乘车道，并且在道路、桥梁通行时收取更低费用。a mass of是固定短语，意为“大量的”。 8．考查名词。句意：该计划制定大量举措，促进普通消费者接受这类车辆，例如允许这类车辆使用共乘车道，并且在道路、桥梁通行时收取更低费用。consumer为可数名词，此处泛指广大消费者，使用复数形式consumers。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划制定大量举措，促进普通消费者接受这类车辆，例如允许这类车辆使用共乘车道，并且在道路、桥梁通行时收取更低费用。and连接并列结构，此处为such as后两个并列动名词短语，空处应用动名词charging作宾语，与giving并列。 10．考查形容词。句意：加州州长Jerry Brown表示：“如今我们正加大力度推动更多清洁能源汽车上路。这是一项切实可行的举措，能够减少温室气体排放。”此处修饰名词measure，需用形容词，reality的形容词形式为realistic，表示“现实的，切实可行的”。 六、阅读理解 （26-27高三上·湖南郴州·阶段检测）Tree shade is one of the most effective tools cities have against extreme heat. It’s cheap, and works immediately, and it makes streets genuinely more bearable for the people who have no choice but to be on them. But a new study from the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar has found that blanket tree-planting targets — the kind that focus purely on increasing green cover — can miss the point. In some cases, city greening projects may actually make damp heat feel worse. Trees cool cities through two mechanisms: shade and evapotranspiration (蒸散). Shade is straightforward — canopy (树冠) blocks direct sunlight and the ground and people beneath it stay cooler. Evapotranspiration is the process by which trees release moisture (水分) into the air, which in dry conditions evaporates and carries heat away with it. The problem is that evapotranspiration’s benefits depend heavily on context. In dry air, released moisture evaporates efficiently and the cooling effect is strong. In hot, wet and closely built neighborhoods, that same moisture can get trapped near the ground rather than disappearing. The air stays heavy and warm. And the Heat Index (指数), which combines temperature and dampness to capture how heat is actually experienced by the human body, can go up even as the shade provides immediate surface-level relief. The researchers found this effect showing up across their dataset. Once greenness and leaf thickness crossed certain limits, plants cover and canopy structure were associated with lower Heat Index. But high canopy physiological activity (trees working hard, releasing a lot of moisture) was associated with higher Heat Index in some settings, particularly in hot, wet and small urban areas. Cities need more trees, but they also need the right trees in the right places. Shade, moisture management, and airflow all need to work together rather than as separate solutions. And those decisions must be tailored to the specific climate and layout of each neighborhood. 1．What does the new study suggest about the current city greening projects? A．They are the cheapest way to cool the city. B．They effectively reduce the heat in all areas. C．They don’t always achieve the desired effect. D．They should focus on increasing green cover. 2．How does evapotranspiration help cool cities? A．It can provide immediate relief for people. B．It blocks sunlight from reaching the ground. C．It works efficiently in all weather conditions. D．It removes heat by adding moisture to the air. 3．What determines the role of evapotranspiration? A．The surroundings. B．The temperature. C．The cooling effect. D．The biodiversity. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Trees Cool Cities in Two Mechanisms B．City Greening Calls for Smart Planning C．Heat Index Reflects Human Heat Feeling D．Shade Isn’t the Solution to Cooling Cities 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍树木可以帮助城市抵御高温，但一味盲目植树的城市绿化项目未必总能达到理想降温效果，城市绿化需要因地制宜科学规划。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But a new study from the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar has found that blanket tree-planting targets — the kind that focus purely on increasing green cover — can miss the point. In some cases, city greening projects may actually make damp heat feel worse. (但印度理工学院甘地讷格尔分校的一项新研究发现，一味只追求增加绿化覆盖率的植树目标可能抓错重点。在某些情况下，城市绿化项目实际上可能会让湿热体感变得更糟。)”可知，当下部分城市绿化项目并不总能达到预期效果。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Evapotranspiration is the process by which trees release moisture (水分) into the air, which in dry conditions evaporates and carries heat away with it. (蒸散作用是树木向空气中释放水分的过程，在干燥环境下水分蒸发，并带走热量。)”可知，蒸散作用通过向空气中释放水分来带走热量，以此给城市降温。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The problem is that evapotranspiration’s benefits depend heavily on context. In dry air, released moisture evaporates efficiently and the cooling effect is strong. In hot, wet and closely built neighborhoods, that same moisture can get trapped near the ground rather than disappearing. (问题在于蒸散作用的益处很大程度上取决于环境。在干燥的空气中，释放的水分高效蒸发，降温效果显著；而在湿热、建筑密集的街区，同样的水分会滞留地表，无法消散。)”可知，周边环境决定了蒸散作用发挥的效果。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Cities need more trees, but they also need the right trees in the right places. (城市需要更多树木，但也需要在合适的地方栽种合适的树木。)”以及“And those decisions must be tailored to the specific climate and layout of each neighborhood. (这些规划必须适配每个街区特定的气候与布局。)”可知，文章核心观点是城市绿化需要科学合理的规划，B选项“City Greening Calls for Smart Planning (城市绿化需要科学规划)”最能概括文章主旨。 七、七选五 （25-26高二上·湖南长沙·期末）Tuvalu is an island country. It is famous for its sandy beaches and turquoise (青绿色的) waters and has long been a popular tourist destination for nearby New Zealanders. However, Tuvalu is at risk of no longer existing because of the rising sea level. Tuvalu is experiencing the harmful effects of global warming. As global temperatures rise, so does the ocean temperature. Due to the scientific law of “thermal (热的) expansion”, when water heats up it gets bigger. 1 Most experts claim that the effects of climate change will make Tuvalu uninhabitable in the next 50 to 100 years. Problems are already emerging. As sea level rises, ocean water containing high levels of salt is travelling further and further inland, destroying the little amount of soil that Tuvaluans have to grow crops. Even before Tuvaluans began to suffer from the effects of climate change, life on Tuvalu was tough. 2 Most of the land on an atoll (环礁) is rock-hard and any soil that exists on it is usually thin and poor for growing crops. The nation has always had to import food apart from fish. More serious than Tuvalu’s lack of homegrown food has been its lack of drinking water. 3 Therefore, Tuvaluans rely almost entirely on rainwater for their need for water. Unfortunately, due to a geographical phenomenon known as La Niña (拉尼娜现象), Tuvalu often suffers from long periods of drought. In 2011, after months of no rain, the government had to declare a state of emergency. 4 Tuvalu’s problems have led some of its inhabitants to consider migrating to Australia or New Zealand. 5 They know they’ll have to someday, but they want to remain for as long as possible and make the world aware of what is happening to their homeland due to climate change. A．This is largely due to the geological make-up of atolls. B．And as a member of the United Nations, they are just doing that. C．However, they are not willing to abandon the land of their forefathers so easily. D．Therefore, sea level is rising and for low-lying Tuvalu, this spells disaster. E．Tuvalu’s representatives demanded that nations should take a more responsible role in reducing gas emissions. F．It was a desperate situation, and but for emergency shipments from New Zealand and Australia, many Tuvaluans would have died. G．Unlike normal islands, atolls have no rivers or streams, which means that most of Tuvalu has no groundwater to use for drinking. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．G 4．F 5．C 【导语】主要介绍岛国图瓦卢受全球变暖、海平面上升威胁濒临消失，介绍其恶劣地理条件、资源短缺及居民进退两难的现状。 1．根据空前的“Due to the scientific law of “thermal (热的) expansion”, when water heats up it gets bigger.(依据“热膨胀”科学原理，水受热之后体积会变大。)”以及空后的“Most experts claim that the effects of climate change will make Tuvalu uninhabitable in the next 50 to 100 years.(大多数专家称，气候变化的影响将在未来50至100年内使图瓦卢不再适宜人类居住。)”可知，前文介绍海水受热膨胀的科学原理，后文讲述图瓦卢未来无法居住的严重后果，空处需要承接原理，推导出海平面上升、引发灾难的结论。D选项“Therefore, sea level is rising and for low-lying Tuvalu, this spells disaster. (因此海平面正在上升，对于地势低洼的图瓦卢来说，这意味着灾难。)”中的Therefore承接上文科学原理，顺势引出海平面上升的恶果，完美衔接前后文因果逻辑，符合语境。 2．根据空前的“Even before Tuvaluans began to suffer from the effects of climate change, life on Tuvalu was tough.(甚至在图瓦卢人遭受气候变化的影响之前，图瓦卢的生活就十分艰难。)”以及空后的“Most of the land on an atoll (环礁) is rock-hard and any soil that exists on it is usually thin and poor for growing crops.(环礁上的大部分土地坚硬贫瘠，仅存的土层浅薄，不利于种植庄稼。)”可知，前文提出当地生活本就艰苦，后文具体解释土地贫瘠、难以耕种的问题，空处需要点明艰苦生活的根本原因。A选项“This is largely due to the geological make-up of atolls. (这在很大程度上是由环礁的地质构造造成的。)”中的This指代前文“生活艰难”，起到承上启下的作用，引出后文地质条件恶劣的具体解释，符合语境。 3．根据空前的“More serious than Tuvalu’s lack of homegrown food has been its lack of drinking water.(比起粮食无法自给，图瓦卢的饮用水短缺问题更为严峻。)”以及空后的“Therefore, Tuvaluans rely almost entirely on rainwater for their need for water.(因此，图瓦卢人几乎完全依靠雨水来满足用水需求。)”可知，前文提出饮用水匮乏的难题，后文得出只能依赖雨水的结论，空处需要完整解释当地缺水的具体原因。G选项“Unlike normal islands, atolls have no rivers or streams, which means that most of Tuvalu has no groundwater to use for drinking. (与普通岛屿不同，环礁没有河流与溪流，这意味着图瓦卢大部分地区没有可饮用的地下水。)”详细解释了地理缺陷导致缺水，与后文依靠雨水形成严密因果关系，符合语境。 4．根据空前的“In 2011, after months of no rain, the government had to declare a state of emergency.(2011年，在连续数月无降雨后，政府不得不宣布进入紧急状态。)”可知，前文交代干旱引发紧急危机的事件背景，空处需要承接该事件，说明危机的严重程度以及最终解决情况。F选项“It was a desperate situation, and but for emergency shipments from New Zealand and Australia, many Tuvaluans would have died. (当时形势极其危急，如果没有新西兰和澳大利亚的紧急物资输送，许多图瓦卢人将会丧生。)”中的It指代前文干旱紧急事件，详细补充事件后果与救援情况，承接上文、完善叙事逻辑，符合语境。 5．根据空前的“Tuvalu’s problems have led some of its inhabitants to consider migrating to Australia or New Zealand.(图瓦卢面临的诸多问题，已经致使部分居民考虑迁往澳大利亚或是新西兰。)”以及空后的“They know they’ll have to someday, but they want to remain for as long as possible and make the world aware of what is happening to their homeland due to climate change.(他们知道总有一天必须离开，但是他们想要尽可能长久地留下来，让世界知晓气候变化正在给他们的家园带来的遭遇。)”可知，前文说明居民有移民想法，后文转折表明居民不舍故土、想要坚守，前后语义相反。C选项“However, they are not willing to abandon the land of their forefathers so easily. (然而，他们并不愿意轻易舍弃祖辈世代居住的土地。)”中的转折词However衔接上下文，精准体现居民既想移民求生、又不舍故土的矛盾心理，符合语境。 （2026·北京·高考真题）Smells are all around us. What we know as a scent (气味) is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. But smell is often overlooked and undervalued. So, as climate change and biodiversity loss threaten natural scents, many people may not even notice. Whether or not we pay attention to the world’s “scentscape”, heat and pollution are causing it to shift. As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. “If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles (粒子) released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer. “And therefore, the perception of how the forest smells changes.” That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants. Climate change is also quickening the loss of biodiversity, threatening to erase certain smells entirely. When plants disappear, their scents become more difficult to produce. Some scents are linked to cultural heritage. A recent study reported that native communities in Peru noticed a change in the smell of the Amazon River due to industrial pollution. Over generations, communities became desensitised to increasingly smelly rivers, a sign of broader ecosystem degradation. At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings. The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice. Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it. 1．The author mentions snow in order to _____________. A．illustrate a point B．contrast approaches C．classify objects D．define a concept 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Biodiversity tends to be overlooked. B．Snow is intensified by a warming climate. C．Forest smell is likely to be changed by perception. D．Disappearance of the Earth’s smells can be a cultural loss. 3．What is implied in this passage? A．Loss of smells can lead to natural disasters. B．Damages of scentscapes can be artificially repaired. C．Scents of the missing plants are preserved in the atmosphere. D．Smell changes of forest and snow share a common underlying cause. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍气候变化与生物多样性减少正在改变地球上的自然气味，甚至导致其消失，这种气味景观的改变不仅影响自然环境，还会造成文化、精神层面的损失。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent.(这种影响不仅限于森林。积雪——已受到气候变暖的威胁——随着气温升高会从大气中吸收不同的化学物质，从而改变其清冷洁净的气味。)”可知，作者在论述完气温对森林气味的影响后，提到积雪是为了进一步证明“气温变化会改变气味”这一观点。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history.(尽管气候变化危及粮食获取等其他珍贵资源，但它同样关乎文化认同、文化存续与历史传承。)”并结合前文自然气味消失的内容可知，地球自然气味的消失也是一种文化损失。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment.(随着气温升高，人造物质释放出更多的气味分子，而由气候变化导致的生物多样性丧失则威胁着那些为环境增添香气的植物。)”以及第三段中的“Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent.(积雪——已受到气候变暖的威胁——随着气温升高会从大气中吸收不同的化学物质，从而改变其清冷洁净的气味。)”可推知，森林气味和积雪气味发生改变的根本原因都是气候变暖、气温升高，二者成因一致。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $