Unit 3 Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION(Word学生用书)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册(北师大版)

2026-10-14
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教辅
高智传媒科技中心
进店逛逛

摘要:

该高中英语导学案围绕“The Sixth Extinction”展开,核心知识点包括地球历史上五次大灭绝概况、第六次灭绝的成因及人类活动影响、应对措施等。课堂导入通过Pre-reading问题激活学生对灭绝次数、“大灭绝”物种灭绝比例等已有认知,搭建新旧知识联系的学习支架,引导学生自然进入主题。 该资料特色在于多维度语言训练与思维培养结合,语块翻译、熟词生义、长难句分析等模块系统提升语言能力,数据引用(如90%物种灭绝、1000倍速度)和专家研究论证培养思维品质,Pre-reading到Post-reading的结构化设计及讨论环节助力学习能力发展,习题注重语言运用与逻辑分析,有效促进学生综合素养提升。

内容正文:

Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION   Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out①, are not unusual in our Earth’s history②. In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct.In the last 500 million years③, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended.These include the third mass extinction④, known as the “Great Dying”, which killed 90% to 96% of all species.And the fifth event, which occurred 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs⑤.The reasons for extinctions are varied.According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space⑥, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming⑦.Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction.This time, human activity will be to blame⑧.   Although it is not unusual for species to die out⑨ naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the “background extinction rate”. [1]They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. [2]There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing. It is clear that human activity⑩ has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.   【释疑难】 [1]句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句;1,000 times faster than normal是倍数表达法。   【赏靓点】 [2]句中的a long list of属于高级词汇,要比many更形象又恰到好处,使语言更地道。   If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to⑪ three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.Of course, as we humans depend on⑫ so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk⑬ of dying out.Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants.[3] Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive.   Can a sixth extinction be avoided? Experts say that it is not yet too late, if we take action⑭ now.[4]This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live. For example, we need to take steps⑮ to save endangered species⑯, including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected.We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner, more natural sources of energy, such as wind and solar energy⑰.We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water, air and land pollution. [5] In short⑱, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it.   【释疑难】 [3]句是一个并列句。and连接两个并列分句,其中without与no构成双重否定。   [4]本句是一个主从复合句。we have to significantly change the way we live为宾语从句,其中we live为定语从句,修饰先行词the way。   【赏靓点】 [5]句使用表示总结性的词语in short,起到概括总结前文的作用,使要点得以升华。 语块翻译 Para. 1 ①           ②           ③           ④           ⑤           ⑥           ⑦           ⑧           Paras. 2-3 ⑨           ⑩           ⑪           ⑫           ⑬           Para. 4 ⑭           ⑮           ⑯           ⑰           ⑱           熟词生义 1.last (Para. 1) 熟义:adj.最后的 文中义:         2.mass (Para. 1) 熟义: n.质量 文中义:        3.hit (Para. 1) 熟义:v.打击,碰撞 文中义:         4.step (Para. 4) 熟义:n.步骤 文中义:         参考译文   物种灭绝,即某个物种的完全消失,在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上,曾经存在的物种中90%以上现在都已经灭绝。在过去的五亿年中,地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝,那期间 90%至 96%的物种灭亡了。6,600 万年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。关于灭绝的原因各不相同。科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。许多科学家认为地球的第六次大灭绝即将来临。这一次,人类活动是主要原因。   虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见,但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究,调查了物种自然状态下灭亡的速度,即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1,000倍。这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多:空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。显然,人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响,包括动物和植物。   研究该问题的科学家们相信,如果发生第六次灭绝,地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。当然,由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种,我们也有可能濒临灭绝。我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于动植物之间的自然平衡。没有森林,我们就不能呼吸空气;没有干净的水,我们将无法生存。   第六次灭绝可以避免吗?专家说,如果我们现在采取行动还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须极大地改变我们的生活方式。例如,采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种,包括建立动植物的特殊保护区。通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源,例如风能和太阳能来改变我们的工作和出行方式。我们还需要改进耕作方式,减少水、空气和土地污染。简而言之,如果我们想要生存,就需要停止破坏我们生活的星球并开始保护它。 Step One:Pre-reading How much do you know about extinction? Answer the following questions according to your knowledge. 1.How many times up to today has life on Earth almost died out?                                                                             2.About what percent of all species on Earth became extinct during the mass extinction known as the “Great Dying”?                                                                             3.What do scientists think will cause the next mass extinction?                                                                             Step Two:While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.  What’s the main idea of the text?(  ) A.Six secret processes in the history of mankind. B.Some ways for man to save birds from extinction. C.Some measures to avoid extinction of the human race. D.The characteristics and preventive measures of the sixth extinction. Ⅱ.Read for details Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1.What is one of the reasons for extinction?(  ) A.Earthquakes. B.Changes in sea levels. C.Rise in oxygen. D.Drop in temperature. 2.What are scientists mainly concerned about as to species’ dying out?(  ) A.Results. B.Ways. C.Numbers.   D.Rates. 3.What does the author mainly tell us in paragraph 3?(  ) A.What a sixth mass extinction is. B.The reasons for a sixth mass extinction. C.How a sixth mass extinction will happen. D.The consequences of a sixth mass extinction. 4.How can we avoid the sixth extinction?(  ) A.By producing more species. B.By stopping destroying the planet. C.By taking action to protect ourselves. D.By moving to another planet immediately. Ⅲ.Read for the structure Read the passage again and fill in the blanks. Step Three:Post-reading Ⅰ.品课文佳句 1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence to list the reasons for extinctions.                                                                                                                   2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that develop the passage by listing figures.                                                                                                                                       3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to develop the passage by using parallel structures.                                                                                                                   Ⅱ.长难句分析 1.These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”, which killed 90% to 96% of all species. 句式分析: 自主翻译:                                                                              2.Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 句式分析: 自主翻译:                                                                              3.If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. 句式分析: 自主翻译:                                                                              Ⅲ.讨论 1.What text type is this piece of writing? What is its communicative purpose?                                                                                                                                                                                                    2.What ways of argument does the writer use to convince readers? Are you convinced? Why or why not?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           写作词汇集释 1.wipe out 彻底毁灭 教材原句 Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history. 物种灭绝,即某个物种的完全消失,在地球的历史上并不罕见。 【用法】 wipe ...with ...用……擦…… wipe away   擦掉,擦干 wipe sth off/from ...  把某物从……处擦掉(消除掉) wipe up  擦拭;擦干净 【佳句】 The small village was completely wiped out by the floods.(环境描写) 这个小村庄被洪水彻底摧毁了。 【练透】 单句语法填空 ①These measures will help to wipe         poverty in rural areas. ②He wiped his plate clean        a piece of bread. 【写美】 完成句子 ③She bent down and                 using a dry cloth.(动作描写) 她弯下腰,用一块干布把鞋上的泥土擦掉。 2.decrease n.减少;减少的量 vi.& vt. 减少 教材原句 According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. 科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。 【用法】 (1)decrease to ...减少到…… decrease by ...  减少了…… decrease from ...to ...  从……减少到…… (2)on the decrease  正在减少 【佳句】 The temperature decreased by 10 degrees overnight, causing everyone to wear warmer clothes. 温度在一夜之间下降了10度,每个人穿上了更暖和的衣服。 (2025•全国二卷)Our study showed that there was 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces. 我们的研究表明,在绿植丰富的工作环境中工作的人,病假天数减少了 30%。 【练透】 语块表达 ①The number of students in the computer club                   (从40减少到25) this year, as many graduated. ②As far as I know, the number of visitors has              (减少到) less than three hundred. ③The number of traffic accidents may           (减少) 30% if all drivers strictly follow traffic rules every day. 【写美】 完成句子 ④Because of the destruction of their habitats,            .(decrease n.) 由于它们的栖息地遭到破坏,一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。 3.blame vt.责怪,指责 n.责备;指责 教材原句 This time, human activity will be to blame.这一次,人类活动是主要原因。 【用法】 (1)blame sb for (doing) sth 某人因(做了)某事而受到责备 blame sth on ...  把某事归咎于…… be to blame (for ...)   应(为……)承担责任; 该(为……)受责备 (2)take the blame for sth  对某事负责任 lay/put the blame on sb 把责任归咎于某人 【佳句】 “Was I to blame for all these embarrassments? ” I guiltily thought to myself.(心理描写) “这些尴尬都怪我吗?”我内疚地想。 We shouldn’t blame all our failures on bad luck but should find our own mistakes instead. 我们不应该把所有的失败都归咎于运气不好,而应该找出自己的错误。 【练透】 语块表达 ①After the event was ruined, they                    (归咎于) the weather, forgetting that the preparation was poorly managed. ②You should               (对……负责任) what you have done. 【写美】 完成句子 ③He realised that                    between him and his friend. ④                  , Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly.(心理描写) 由于演出失败而受到责备,蒂姆感到一阵悲伤袭来,忍不住痛哭起来。 4.die out 消失;绝迹,灭绝 教材原句 Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见,但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 【用法】 die away (声音、风、光等)慢慢变弱;渐渐消失 die down   (兴奋、火等)渐弱;渐息;平息 be dying for sth/to do sth  迫切想要(做)某事 die of   因……而死(一般指死于内因,如疾病、饥饿、情感原因等) die from   因……而死(一般指死于外因,如外伤、车祸、污染等) 【佳句】 The old language is dying out, with only a few elderly speakers remaining in the village. 这种古老的语言正在消亡,村里只剩下几位老年人会说这种语言。 The sound of the fireworks slowly died away as the night returned to its former quietness. 烟花的声响渐渐消散,夜晚又恢复了往日的宁静。 【练透】 用适当的介词或副词填空 ①This species has nearly died        because its habitat is being destroyed. ②The sound of the engine died        as the car drove into the distance. ③It is reported that many fishes in the river die        serious pollution. ④After a long and tiring journey under the hot sun, the travelers are dying        a quiet place to rest and have some cold fresh water. ⑤Many poor people in some areas die         hunger and serious diseases every year without enough medical care. 【写美】 词汇升级 ⑥Having been walking for nearly an hour, I am eager for a good sleep in bed. →Having been walking for nearly an hour, I          a good sleep in bed. 重点句型解构 ◇ 句型公式:倍数表达法 教材原句 They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1,000倍。 【用法】 常见的倍数表达法: (1)A+be+倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B (2)A+be+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B (3)A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length/...)+of+B (4)A+be+倍数+what从句 【佳句】 The new library is three times bigger than the old one, providing more space for students. 新图书馆比旧图书馆大三倍,为学生提供了更多空间。 【写美】 完成句子/句型转换 ①Their newly-built school is almost                   . 他们新建的学校几乎是老学校的两倍大。 ②Jack’s coat is three times as expensive as mine. →Jack’s coat is              mine. →Jack’s coat is              mine. →Jack’s coat is              mine. 完成课后作业 UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ 答案 Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION 【篇章赏读•习语言】 积语块 语块翻译 ①彻底毁灭 ②在地球的历史上 ③在过去的五亿年中 ④第三次灭绝 ⑤恐龙的灭亡 ⑥从太空 ⑦全球变暖 ⑧对(某事)负有责任 ⑨消失;绝迹,灭绝 ⑩人类活动 ⑪多达 ⑫依赖,依靠 ⑬处境危险,受到威胁 ⑭采取行动 ⑮采取措施 ⑯拯救濒临灭绝的物种 ⑰太阳能 ⑱总之 熟词生义 1.adj.最近的 2.adj.大规模的 3.v.击中 4.n.手段 【整体理解•学语篇】 Step One 1.Five times. 2.90%-96%. 3.Human activity. Step Two Ⅰ.D Ⅱ.1-4 BDDB Ⅲ.1.entire 2.unusual 3.mass 4.blame 5.negatively 6.occurs 7.survival 8.risk 9.destroying 10.endangered Step Three Ⅰ.1.According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. 2.(1)In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. (2)In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. (3)These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”, which killed 90% to 96% of all species. (4)And the fifth event, which occurred 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. (5)They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. 3.(1)Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive. (2)We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner, more natural sources of energy, such as wind and solar energy.We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water, air and land pollution.In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it. Ⅱ.1.这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝,那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。 2.虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见,但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 3.研究该问题的科学家们相信,如果发生第六次灭绝,地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。 Ⅲ.1.This piece of writing is an exposition (说明文).The purpose of the writing is to explain what the sixth mass extinction is and its effects and call on people to take action to prevent it from happening. 2.The writer uses ways such as citing ideas from experts or authorities,giving examples and using data.I believe that if we take action now, it is not too late to save other species from extinction.The black robins were saved from extinction when only a few remained, so I think it is possible to save any species if we take action right now. 【核心知识•巧突破】 写作词汇集释 1.①out ②with ③wiped the dirt off/from her shoes 2.①decreased from 40 to 25 ②decreased to ③decrease by ④the number of some rare animals is on the decrease 3.①put/laid the blame on ②take the blame for ③he was to blame for the misunderstanding ④Blamed for the failure of the performance 4.①out ②away ③from ④for ⑤from ⑥am dying for 重点句型解构 ①twice the size of the old one ②three times the price of; three times what I have paid for; twice more expensive than 10 / 11 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 3 Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION(Word学生用书)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册(北师大版)
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Unit 3 Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION(Word学生用书)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册(北师大版)
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Unit 3 Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION(Word学生用书)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册(北师大版)
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