Unit 3 Period Two Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction（Reading）(Word讲义)【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册学生用书（北师大版）

Period Two　Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction (Reading) 【课前自主探究】 Step 1　Fast reading CDBA Step 2　Careful reading 1—4 DBCD Step 3　Summary 1.unusual　2.have been　3.when　4.including　5.to die 6.faster　7.a　8.quarters　9.at　10.significantly 【语言知识梳理】 词汇点睛 1.(1)①died down/died away　②died off　③die from (2)to die out 2.(1)①various/varied　②variety　③with　④in (2)varying from art, culture to history 3.(1)①in　②to　③by　(2)on the decrease 4.(1)to blame　(2)①blame him for giving ②blame your own failure on 5.(1)①going　②risky　③at (2)took/ran the/a risk of losing his life 句型透视 three times as big; three times bigger; three times the size of 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Period Two　Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction (Reading) 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ①entire adj.全部的,整个的,完全的 ②species n.物种,种 ③wipe vt.擦;拭 wipe out彻底毁灭 ④unusual adj.异常的;不平常的 ⑤extinct adj.灭绝的,绝种的 ⑥mass adj.大量的 ⑦occur vi.发生;出现 ⑧varied adj.各种各样的,形形色色的 ⑨volcanic eruption火山爆发 ⑩asteroid n.小行星 decrease n.减少;减少的量 vi. & vt.减少 content n.内容;目录;含量 blame vt.责怪,指责 be to blame(对某事)负有责任 Extinctions, [1]where entire① species② are wiped out③, are not unusual④ in our Earth’s history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species [2]that ever lived are now extinct⑤. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times [3]when life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass⑥ extinction, [4]known as the “Great Dying”, [5]which killed 90% to 96% of all species. And the fifth event, [6]which occurred⑦ 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. The reasons for extinctions are varied⑧. According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions⑨, asteroids⑩ hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decreas of the oxygen conten of the sea and global warming. Many scientists say [7]we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blam 物种灭绝,即某个物种的完全消失,在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上,曾经存在的所有物种中90%以上现在都已经灭绝。在过去的五亿年中,地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝,那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。6600万年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。灭绝的原因多种多样。科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。许多科学家认为地球的第六次大灭绝即将来临。这一次,人类活动将是主要原因 (续表) 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 naturally adv. 天然地;自然地; 天生地 overfishing n. 捕捞过度 negatively adv. 消极地 affect vt. 影响 up to… 多达…… be at risk 处境危险, 受到威胁 [1]where引导定语从句,修饰extinctions。 [2]that引导定语从句,修饰all species。 [3]when引导定语从句,修饰先行词times。 [4]过去分词作定语,修饰the third mass extinction。 [5]which引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明 the third mass extinction。 [6]which引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明 the fifth event。 [7]say后为宾语从句,引导词被省略。 [8]Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate [9]at which this is now happening is cause for concern. A 2015 study by scientists [10]who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at [11]how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the “background extinction rate”. They found [12]that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. There is a long list of reasons [13]why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishin. [14]It is clear that human activity has negativel affecte all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. [8]although 引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。 [9]at which引导定语从句,修饰先行词 rate。 [10]who引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientists。 [11]how引导宾语从句,作looked at的宾语。 [12]that 引导宾语从句,作found的宾语,可以省略。 [13]why 引导定语从句,修饰先行词reasons。 [14]it作形式主语,that后为真正的主语。 [15]If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists [16]who have studied the issue believe [17]that up t three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. Of course, [18]as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at ris of dying out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive. [15]if引导条件状语从句。 [16]who引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientists。 [17]that引导宾语从句,作believe的宾语,可以省略。 [18]as引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”;“would+动词原形”的结构表示对将来的虚拟 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见,但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究,调查了物种因自然原因灭亡的速度,即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1000倍。这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多:空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。显然,人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响,包括动物和植物。 研究该问题的科学家们相信,如果发生第六次大灭绝,地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。当然,由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种,我们也将面临灭绝的危险。我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于自然界动植物之间的平衡。没有森林,我们就不能呼吸空气;没有干净的水,我们将无法生存 (续表) 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 significantly adv. 显著地,有重要意义地 take steps 采取措施 endangered adj. 濒危的 set up 建立,设立 source n. 来源;起源 solar adj. 太阳光(能)的 lay eggs产卵 hatch vi. & vt. (使)孵化 restore vt. (使)恢复 habitat n. 栖息地 Can a sixth extinction be avoided? Experts say [19]that it is not yet too late, if we take action now. This would mean [20]we have to significantl change the way we live. For example, we need to take step to save endangere species, including setting u special areas [21]where plants and animals can be protected. We need to change [22]how we work and travel by using cleaner, more natural source of energy, such as wind and sola energy. We also need to improve our farming methods [23]to reduce water, air and land pollution. In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet [24]that we live on and start to protect it. [19]that引导宾语从句,作say的宾语,可以省略;if引导条件状语从句。 [20]mean后为宾语从句,引导词被省略。 [21]where引导定语从句,修饰special areas。 [22]how引导宾语从句,作change的宾语。 [23]不定式结构作目的状语。 [24]that引导定语从句,修饰先行词planet。 Case Study The Black Robin Black robins are the birds [25]that humans saved from extinction. In 1980, there were only five black robins left in the world. They all lived on a small island off the coast of New Zealand. Only one of those birds, a female called Old Blue, was able to lay egg. Wildlife workers began a programme for raising black robin chicks. They protected Old Blue’s eggs, helped them to hatc, and took care of the chicks. Thanks to their efforts, there are now more than 250 black robins, and the population is spreading. [26]To help them survive, people are restorin their habitat and removing small animals [27]that hunt them, such as mice and cats from the islands [28]where they live. [25]that引导定语从句,修饰先行词birds。 [26]不定式结构作目的状语。 [27]that引导定语从句,修饰small animals。 [28]where引导定语从句,修饰先行词islands 第六次物种灭绝可以避免吗?专家说,如果我们现在采取行动还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须极大地改变生活方式。例如,我们需要采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种,包括建立动植物的特别保护区。我们需要通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源来改变我们的工作和出行方式,例如风能和太阳能。我们还需要改进耕作方式,减少水、空气和土地污染。简而言之,如果我们想要生存,我们就需要停止破坏我们生活的地球并开始保护它。 案例研究 黑知更鸟 黑知更鸟是人类从灭绝危机中拯救出来的鸟类。1980年,世界上只剩下五只黑知更鸟。它们栖息在新西兰海岸附近的一个小岛上。其中只有一只名叫“老蓝”的雌鸟能够产卵。野生动物工作者开始了一项黑知更鸟繁育计划。他们保护老蓝的蛋,帮助孵化,并照顾幼鸟。由于他们的努力,现在黑知更鸟已超过250只,而且数量还在增加。为了帮助它们生存,人们正在恢复黑知更鸟的栖息地并移除捕杀它们的小动物,例如它们所在的岛上的老鼠和猫 Step 1　Fast reading Read the passage on Pages 52—53 and match the main ideas with each paragraph. (　)Para.1　(　)Para.2　(　)Para.3　(　)Para.4 A.What we can do to avoid the sixth extinction. B.Consequences of the sixth extinction. C.Knowledge of extinction. D.Causes of the sixth extinction. Step 2　Careful reading Read the text carefully and choose the best answer. (　)1.What can you learn from the first paragraph? A.Six extinctions have occurred up to now. B.The third mass extinction occurred 66 million years ago. C.The extinctions are caused by the same reason. D.Human activity may cause the sixth mass extinction. (　)2.According to the 2015 study, what are the factors contributing to the accelerated extinction rate of species? A.Climate change and natural disasters only. B.Human activities such as air and water pollution, deforestation, etc. C.The natural background extinction rate remaining constant over time. D.Invasive species introduced by humans. (　)3.What can you infer from the text? A.It’s not usual for species to die out naturally. B.Human activity has negatively affected several species on Earth. C.If a sixth mass extinction occurs, we humans may also disappear. D.A sixth extinction cannot be avoided. (　)4.What’s the purpose of writing the text? A.To explain what the extinctions are. B.To blame humans for the extinctions. C.To illustrate the findings of some well-known scientists. D.To call on people to take action to prevent the sixth extinction. Step 3　Summary Read the text again and fill in the blanks. Extinctions are not 1.　　　　　　(usual) in our Earth’s history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there 2.　　　　　(be) five times 3.　　　　 life on Earth has almost ended. The reasons for extinctions are varied, 4.　　　　(include) volcanic eruptions, global warming, and so on. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame.  Although it’s usual for species 5.　　　　　　(die) out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. Scientists found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times 6.　　　　(fast) than normal. If 7.　　　　 sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists believe that up to three 8.　　　　　(quarter) of all species on Earth could die out and that human beings would also be 9.　　　　 risk. However, experts say it is not yet too late, if we take action now. This would mean we have to 10.　　　　　　　　　(significant) change the way we live. In order to survive, we should stop destroying the planet and start to protect it.  1.die out　消失;绝迹,灭绝 (教材P52) Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见,但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 die of　　因……而死(疾病、饥饿、情感原因等) die from 因……而死(疾病、外伤、车祸、污染等) die away (声音、风、光等)渐渐消失 die down　　(兴奋、火等)渐弱,渐息 die off 相继死去 【活学活用】 (1)用die相关短语的适当形式填空 ①It was several minutes before the applause 　　　　　　　　　　.  ②As she got older and older, her relatives all 　　　　　　　.  ③Many people 　　　　　　car accidents each year, highlighting the need for improved road safety measures.  (2)写作金句 (应用文写作之倡议书) Laws should be passed to protect pandas. Otherwise, they are certain 　　　　　　　　　.  应该通过法律来保护大熊猫。否则,它们肯定会灭绝。 2.varied　adj.各种各样的,形形色色的 (教材P52) The reasons for extinctions are varied. 灭绝的原因多种多样。 (1)vary v.　　　　 　变化,不同,变更,改变 vary from…to…/between…and… 由……到……不等; 在……与……之间变化 vary with 随……变化 vary in… 在……方面不同/有差异 (2)variety n. 种类;变化 a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的 (3)various=varied adj. 各种各样的;多种类型的 【活学活用】 (1)单句填空 ①[2022·全国甲卷] Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in 　　　　　(vary) countries.  ②The school library provides a 　　　　　(vary) of original works, helping to meet the needs of different students.  ③Frankly speaking, the relationship between them varies 　　　　the changes of the time.  ④Though Lucy and Lily are twins, they vary 　　　　characters and hobbies.  (2)写作金句 (应用文写作话题之传统文化) To help students learn about the traditional Chinese culture, a wide selection of books, pictures, and handicrafts will be exhibited, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (非谓语)  为了帮助学生了解中国传统文化,展览将展出大量的书籍、绘画和手工艺品,从艺术、文化到历史不等。 3.decrease　n.减少;减少的量vi. & vt.减少 (教材P52) According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. 科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。 (1)decrease to…　　　下降到……;减少到…… decrease by… 下降了……;减少了…… decrease from…to… 从……下降到…… decrease in 在某方面减少/下降 (2)on the decrease 在减少/下降中 [温馨提示] decrease的近义词为reduce,反义词为increase。 【活学活用】 (1)单句填空 ①These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease 　　　　　the number of fish species.  ②The noise level in the classroom decreased 　　　　a whisper as the teacher entered.  ③With regular exercise and a balanced diet, her weight has decreased 　　　　15 pounds in just three months.  (2)写作金句 (应用文写作之图表说明文) According to the figure, the number of people reading books is 　　　　　　　　　as a result of the appearance of electronics. (介词短语)  根据该图,由于电子产品的出现,读书的人数正在减少。 4.blame　vt.责怪,指责 (教材P52) This time, human activity will be to blame. 这一次,人类活动将是主要原因。 (1)blame sb for (doing) sth 　　　　　　　 　　因(做了)某事而责备某人 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth) (因某事)应受责备,应(为某事)承担责任(主动表示被动) (2)lay/put/place the blame on… 把……归咎于…… bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth) (对某事)承担责任 【活学活用】 (1)单句填空 Some social app companies were 　　　　　(blame) because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration.  (2)写作金句 ①(读后续写之心理描写) He was worried his grandmother might 　　　　　　　　　　　　　potatoes away.  他担心祖母可能会责备他把土豆送人。 ②(读后续写之文末总结句) Don’t always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　others; instead, take a moment to reflect on your own actions and decisions. (v.)  不要总把你自己的失败归咎于他人;相反,花点时间反思自己的行为和决定。 5.be at risk　处境危险,受到威胁 (教材P53) Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. 当然,由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种,我们也将面临灭绝的危险。 (1)risk n.　　　　　　 　　风险,危险 at the risk of doing sth 冒着做某事的风险 take/run a risk/risks 冒险 take/run the/a risk of doing sth 冒险做某事 (2)risk v. 使……冒风险 risk doing sth 冒险做某事 (3)risky adj. 危险的;冒险的 【活学活用】 (1)单句填空 ①Being exposed to very loud music makes it possible for young people to risk 　　　　(go) deaf.  ②They told me that I had to study for a degree so that I would achieve a career, and not something as 　　　　(risk) as writing.  ③He favours quick decisions, even 　　　　　the risk of being wrong.  (2)写作金句 (读后续写之场面描写) He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to save three children alive when the fire broke out. (动词短语)  火灾发生时,他冒着生命危险救了三个孩子。 (教材P53) They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1000倍。 倍数表示法 句型公式　 【句式点拨】 三种常见的表示“倍数”的句型: (1)倍数+as+adj./adv.的原级+as… (2)倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than… (3)倍数+the+性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth…)+of… [温馨提示] 表示“两倍”时, 用twice或double, 三倍或三倍以上则用“基数词+times”来表达。表示倍数也可用分数或百分数。 【活学活用】 写作金句 (应用文写作话题之学校生活) →Our school has expanded into a big one, which is 　　　　　　　　　　as the previous one.  →Our school has expanded into a big one, which is 　　　　　　　　　　than the previous one.  →Our school has expanded into a big one, which is 　　　　　　　　　　　　the previous one.  我们的学校已经扩大了,是原来的三倍大。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $