Unit 3 Period Four Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction（Reading）(Word讲义)【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册学生用书（北师大版）

Period Four　Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction (Reading) 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ①destruction n.破坏,毁坏 ②roadworks n.道路施工 ③stuck adj.卡住的,无法移动的 ④jam n.拥挤,堵塞;果酱 traffic jam交通堵塞 ⑤stressed out焦虑的 ⑥anger n.愤怒;怒气 ⑦figure n.数字;人物;身材;雕像;图形 v.认为;计算 ⑧go up上升,上涨 ⑨decade n.十年,十年期 ⑩gas n.气,气体 Part 1 “This morning, [1]it took me 40 minutes to go downtown. More roadworks② on the A10!” “Oh really? It took me over an hour. There was an accident on the M11.” How often have you heard these conversations? How often do we get stuck③ in traffic jams④? How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out⑤, tired and angry? For many people, the answer is every day. But personal anger⑥ and stress are nothing [2]compared to the real costs socially. Here are some figures⑦ about Britain: · In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads has gone up⑧ by 25%. There are now 32 million cars. · Over the last decade⑨, an average of 2,500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents. · Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change, [3]as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases⑩ 第1部分 “今天早上,我花了40分钟去市中心。A10公路上的很多地方在施工!” “真的吗?我花了一个多小时。M11公路上发生了一起事故。” 你每隔多久会听到这样的谈话?有多少次我们碰到交通阻塞而动弹不得?有多少次,当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢?对很多人来说,答案是每天。但是和真正的社会损失相比,个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。以下是一些关于英国的数据: ·在过去的20年里,道路上的汽车数量增加了25%。现在有3200万辆汽车。 ·在过去十年中,每年平均有2500人死于交通事故。 ·交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一,因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体 (续表) 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 cancer n.癌症 relate vi.相联系,有关联 be related to与……有关联 to be frank坦白说 instead of代替,而不是 regular adj.定期的,有规律的 cut the risk of减少……的风险 public transport公共交通 at least至少 a speed limit速度限制 suit vt.适合 n.套装 complain v.抱怨,投诉,发牢骚 · Almost 30,000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution. · Some types of cance are related t traffic pollution. [1]it作形式主语,不定式短语to go downtown作真正的主语。 [2]过去分词短语作状语。 [3]as引导原因状语从句。 Part 2 We know [4]that cars are bad for us. But we all make excuses: “The buses are terrible”; “The trains are always late”; “I haven’t got time to walk”. I’m talking about myself, too. To be fran, I’m addicted to my car. [5]When I asked a friend working for a green-living organisation for advice about [6]how to give up, she told me five things: [4]that引导宾语从句。 [5]when引导时间状语从句;working for a green-living organisation为现在分词短语作定语。 [6]“疑问词+不定式”结构。 ·Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were under eight kilometres. Instead of taking short car journeys, we could easily walk or cycle. Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and help you live longer. Regula exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%! ·Use public transpor . Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, [7]while the same number will need at leas 18 cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what? You can relax, read a book, talk to someone—who knows? ·Think before you go. Do you really have to go to that shopping centre on the other side of town? What about the shops around the corner? Before you get into your car, think about [8]whether you really need to make that journey. ·Share cars. [9]If you really have to use a car, share journeys with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment. ·Take action! We often think [10]there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic. There is. [11]If your street is full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limi . Do whichever of these things [12]that sui you. Don’t just sit around and complai! ·每年有近3万人死于空气污染。 ·有些类型的癌症与交通污染有关。 第2部分 我们知道汽车带来的危害,但总能找到借口:“公共汽车很糟糕”;“火车总是晚点”;“我没有时间走路”。我说的也包括我自己。坦率地说,我离不开车。当我向在绿色生活组织工作的一位朋友询问如何放弃乘坐汽车时,她给了五条建议: ·走路。2014年,超过55%的汽车行程不到8公里。可以轻易地用走路或骑行来代替短途的开车出行。利用脚力可以省钱,保持健康并帮助延长寿命。经常锻炼也能降低50%患心脏病的风险! ·使用公共交通工具。一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人,而乘坐小轿车这些人至少需要18辆车。有时坐公共汽车可能需要稍微长一点的时间,但那又怎样?你可以放松一下、读一本书、和别人交谈——谁知道呢? ·出发之前先想想。你真的要去镇上另一边的那个购物中心吗?拐角处的商店怎么样?在上车之前,想想你是否真的需要开车去那个地方。 ·共享汽车。如果不得不用车,与其他人共用一辆车。这样更便宜,也更环保。 ·采取行动!我们经常觉得面对噪声、污染和交通危险,自己无能为力。其实可以有所为。如果你所在的那条街交通繁忙,去和邻居们谈谈。向媒体反映。去市政府。申请设置限速。做你方便做的任何事情。别光坐在那里抱怨! (续表) 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 [13]All quite simple, isn’t it? Five easy ways to improve our environment. Well, I’m sorry I have to finish this article, but I’ve got to pick up my daughter from school at 4 pm. Then I’ve got to drive to the supermarket to do the shopping. After that, I have to take my son to a party. The traffic is going to be horrible, but what can I do? [7]while表示对比。 [8]whether引导宾语从句。 [9]if引导条件状语从句。 [10]there be结构。 [11]if引导条件状语从句。 [12]that引导定语从句,先行词为these things。 [13]isn’t it 为反义疑问句结构 这些都很简单,不是吗?五种可以改善环境的简单方法。好吧,很抱歉我要结束这篇文章了,因为下午4点我得去学校接女儿。然后开车去超市购物,之后还得带儿子去参加一个派对。交通将会非常糟,但我能怎么办呢? Step 1　Fast reading Read the text on Pages 58—59 and fill in the blanks. Step 2　Careful reading Read the text carefully and choose the best answer. (　)1.Which of the following is included in the social effects of traffic problems? A.Extreme weather. B.Energy shortage. C.All types of cancer. D.Death caused by air pollution. (　)2.How many cars were there in Britain twenty years ago? A.Over 800 million.　 　B.Over 25 million. C.Less than 10 million. D.About 250 million. (　)3.What can you do if you really need a car? A.Use your legs. B.Use public transport. C.Share cars. D.Think before you go. (　)4.What does the writer mean at the end of the text? A.She wants to ask more people to take action. B.She thinks it’s difficult to give up her car. C.She believes the traffic will improve. D.She is convinced that the five ways are helpful. Step 3　Summary Read the text again and fill in the blanks. Many people often get 1.　　　　(stick) in a traffic jam when they go out by car, making them angry and tired. But personal 2.　　　　(angry) and stress are nothing 3.　　　　　　(compare) to the real costs socially. For example, over the last decade, an average of 2,500 people 4.　　　　　(die) every year in vehicle accidents in Britain.  Too many cars do harm to the environment and our health, and some ways to improve the situation are listed: ·Use your legs instead of 5.　　　　(take) short car journeys. Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and help you live 6.　　　　(long).  ·Use public transport. You can relax, read, and etc. ·Think before you go. Think about 7.　　　　 you really need to make the journey before you get into the car.  ·Share cars. If you really have to use a car, you can share journeys with others. It’s much cheaper and kinder 8.　　　　 the environment.  ·Take action. There are many things we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for 9.　　　　　 speed limit. Do whatever that suits you.  Though these things are quite simple, people are addicted to the car, making 10.　　　　　(excuse) for using cars.  1.annoyed　adj.烦恼的,生气的 (教材P58) to feel annoyed感到生气 (1)be annoyed with sb　　对某人感到生气 be annoyed at/about sth 因某事生气 (2)annoy vt. 使恼怒,使生气;打扰,骚扰 (3)annoying adj. 使恼怒的;使生气的 (4)annoyance n. 恼怒,生气;使人烦恼的事 to one’s annoyance 使某人生气的是 【活学活用】 (1)单句填空 ①He had an 　　　　　(annoy) habit of drumming his fingers on the table while he listened.  ②Disappointed and 　　　　(annoy), Jim climbed into the car and shut the door loudly.  (2)写作金句 ①(读后续写之动作+表情描写) Kate was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, her face reddening with anger and her hands clenched into fists.  凯特对她的邻居很生气,脸气得通红,双手紧握成拳。 ②(读后续写之情感描写) I felt 　　　　　　　　the thought that an otherwise healthy dog could be thrown away so easily.  想到一只原本健康的狗可以如此轻易地被扔掉,我感到很恼火。 ③(读后续写之情感描写) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, we couldn’t see anything from the back row of the theatre.   令我们非常生气的是,从剧院后排我们什么也看不见。 2.stressed out　焦虑的 (教材P58) How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry? 有多少次,当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢? (1)stress v.　　 　　　　强调;(使)焦虑不安,疲惫不堪 　　　　n. 强调;压力;紧张 stress the importance of 强调……的重要性 under stress 在压力之下 lay/place/put stress on… 强调…… (2)stressful adj. 有压力的 【活学活用】 (1)单句填空 ①Make sure you get enough sleep and don’t make yourself so 　　　　　(stress)!  ②The job interview was extremely 　　　　　(stress) as I had to answer a lot of tough questions on the spot.  ③Things can easily go wrong when people are 　　　　stress.  (2)写作金句 ①(应用文写作之建议信) You’d better arrive 15 minutes before the interview because many companies 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　punctuality.  你最好在面试前15分钟到达,因为很多公司非常重视守时。 ②(应用文写作话题之家庭生活) Parents can sometimes get 　　　　　　　　when trying to balance their jobs and family responsibilities.  父母有时在平衡工作和家庭责任时会感到焦虑。 3.suit　vt.适合 n.套装 (教材P59) Do whichever of these things that suit you. 做你方便做的任何事情。 (1)suit sth to sth　　　　使某物适合另一事物 (2)suitable adj. 合适的,适宜的 be suitable for sb/sth 适合某人/某物 be suitable to do… 适合做…… 【活学活用】 (1)单句填空 ①She has nothing 　　　　　(suit) to wear, so she puts on her best casual clothes.  ②The tailor was able to suit the dress perfectly 　　　　her unique body shape, making her feel confident.  (2)写作金句 (应用文写作之申请信) I am writing to tell you that 　　　　　　　　　the job you are advertising. As far as I’m concerned, nobody will be 　　　　　　　　　the post than I am.  我写信是想告诉你,我适合做你们在广告上刊登的这份工作。在我看来,没人比我更适合这个职位了。 (教材P58) How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry?有多少次,当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁呢? 形容词短语作状语 句型公式　 【归纳拓展】 形容词(短语)作状语,说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态,也可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等,可位于句首、句末或句中,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 写作金句 ①(读后续写之动作+心理描写) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　, Tom ran out of the room.  又惊又怕,汤姆从房间里跑了出去。 ②(应用文写作话题之语言学习) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, he tried to study and practise it every day.  渴望提高他的英语水平,他尽力每天去学习并练习。 ③(读后续写之动作+情感描写) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I rushed to my bedroom and locked myself sobbing for a long time.  又失望又沮丧,我冲进卧室,把自己锁起来,哭了很久。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Period Four　Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction (Reading) 【课前自主探究】 Step 1　Fast reading 1.Personal　2.Social　3.solutions/ways Step 2　Careful reading 1—4　DBCB Step 3　Summary 1.stuck　2.anger　3.compared　4.have died　5.taking　6.longer　7.whether　8.to　9.a　10.excuses 【语言知识梳理】 词汇点睛 1.(1)①annoying　②annoyed (2)①annoyed with her neighbour　②annoyed at/about ③Much to our annoyance 2.(1)①stressed　②stressful　③under (2)①lay/put/place great stress on　②stressed out 3.(1)①suitable　②to　(2)I’m suitable for; more suitable for 句型透视 ①Frightened and afraid/Shocked and scared ②Eager to improve his English ③Disappointed and frustrated/upset/depressed 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $