Unit 3 Period Two Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction （Reading）(PPT课件)-【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册配套课件（北师大版）

Period Two Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction (Reading) 1 课前自主探究 语言知识梳理 课后习题 2 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ①entire adj.全部的,整个的,完全的 ②species n.物种,种 ③wipe vt.擦;拭 wipe out彻底毁灭 ④unusual adj.异常的;不平常的 ⑤extinct adj.灭 绝的,绝种的 Extinctions, ［1］where entire species are wiped out , are not unusual ④in our Earth's history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species ［2］that ever lived are now extinct . 物种灭绝,即某个物种的完全消失,在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上, 曾经存在的所有物种中90%以上现在都已经灭绝。 课前自主探究 3 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ⑥mass adj.大量的 ⑦occur vi.发生;出现 In the last 500 million years, there have been five times ［3］when life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass extinction, ［4］known as the “Great Dying”, ［5］which killed 90% to 96% of all species. And the fifth event, ［6］which occurred 66 million years ago, caused the death of the dinosaurs. 在过去的五亿年中,地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝,那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。6600万年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。 续表 课前自主探究 4 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ⑧varied adj.各种各样的,形形色色的 ⑨volcanic eruption火山爆发 ⑩asteroid n.小行星 ⑪decrease n.减少;减少的量 vi. & vt.减少 ⑫content n.内容;目录;含量 The reasons for extinctions are varied . According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions , asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. 灭绝的原因多种多样。科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海 洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。 续表 课前自主探究 5 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ⑬blame vt.责 怪,指责 be to blame (对某事)负有责 任 Many scientists say ［7］we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame . ［1］where引导定语从句,修饰 extinctions。 ［2］that引导定语从句,修饰all species。 许多科学家认为地球的第六次大灭绝即将来临。这一次,人类活动将是主要原因。 续表 课前自主探究 6 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ［3］when引导定语从句,修饰先行 词times。 ［4］过去分词作定语,修饰the third mass extinction。 ［5］which引导非限制性定语从句, 补充说明 the third mass extinction。 ［6］which引导非限制性定语从句, 补充说明 the fifth event。 ［7］say后为宾语从句,引导词被省 略。 续表 课前自主探究 7 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ⑭naturally adv. 天然地;自然地; 天生地 ［8］Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally , the rate ［9］at which this is now happening is cause for concern. A 2015 study by scientists ［10］who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at ［11］how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the “background extinction rate”. 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见,但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究,调查了物种因自然原因灭亡的速度,即“背景灭绝率”。 续表 课前自主探究 8 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ⑮overfishing n. 捕捞过度 They found ［12］that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal. There is a long list of reasons ［13］why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing . 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1000倍。这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多:空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。 续表 课前自主探究 9 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ⑯negatively adv.消极地 ⑰affect vt.影响 ［14］It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. ［8］although 引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。 ［9］at which引导定语从句,修饰先行词 rate。 ［10］who引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientists。 ［11］how引导宾语从句,作looked at的宾语。 ［12］that 引导宾语从句,作found的宾语,可以省略。 显然,人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响,包括动物和植物。 续表 课前自主探究 10 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ⑱up to…多达…… ［13］why 引导定语从句,修饰先行词reasons。 ［14］it作形式主语,that后为真正的主语。 ［15］If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists ［16］who have studied the issue believe ［17］that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. 研究该问题的科学家们相信,如果发生第六次大灭绝,地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。 续表 课前自主探究 11 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ⑲be at risk处境危险,受到威胁 Of course, ［18］as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive. 当然,由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种,我们也将面临灭绝的危险。我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于自然界动植物之间的平衡。没有 森林,我们就不能呼吸空气;没有干净的水,我们将无法生存。 续表 课前自主探究 12 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ［15］if引导条件状语从句。 ［16］who引导定语从句,修饰先行 词scientists。 ［17］that引导宾语从句,作believe 的宾语,可以省略。 ［18］as引导原因状语从句,表示“因 为”;“would+动词原形”的结构表示对 将来的虚拟。 续表 课前自主探究 13 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ⑳significantly adv.显著地,有重 要意义地 ㉑take steps采 取措施 ㉒endangered adj.濒危的 Can a sixth extinction be avoided? Experts say ［19］that it is not yet too late, if we take action now. This would mean ［20］we have to significantly change the way we live. For example, we need to take steps to save endangered species, 第六次物种灭绝可以避免吗? 专家说,如果我们 现在采取行动还 为时不晚。这意 味着我们必须极 大地改变生活方 式。例如,我们需 要采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种, 续表 课前自主探究 14 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ㉓set up建立,设 立 ㉔source n.来 源;起源 ㉕solar adj.太阳 光(能)的 including setting up special areas ［21］where plants and animals can be protected. We need to change ［22］how we work and travel by using cleaner, more natural sources of energy, such as wind and solar energy. We also need to improve our farming methods ［23］to reduce water, air and land pollution. 包括建立动植物 的特别保护区。 我们需要通过使 用更清洁、更自 然的能源来改变 我们的工作和出 行方式,例如风能 和太阳能。我们还需要改进耕作 方式,减少水、空 气和土地污染。 续表 课前自主探究 15 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet ［24］that we live on and start to protect it. ［19］that引导宾语从句,作say的宾 语,可以省略;if引导条件状语从句。 ［20］mean后为宾语从句,引导词被 省略。 ［21］where引导定语从句,修饰 special areas。 ［22］how引导宾语从句,作change 的宾语。 简而言之,如果我 们想要生存,我们 就需要停止破坏 我们生活的地球 并开始保护它。 续表 课前自主探究 16 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ［23］不定式结构作目的状语。 ［24］that引导定语从句,修饰先行 词planet。 Case Study The Black Robin Black robins are the birds ［25］that humans saved from extinction. In 1980, there were only five black robins left in the world. They all lived on a small island off the coast of New Zealand. 案例研究 黑知更鸟 黑知更鸟是人类从灭绝危机中拯救出来的鸟类。1980年,世界上只剩下五只黑知更鸟。它们栖息在新西兰海岸附近的一个小岛上。 续表 课前自主探究 17 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ㉖lay eggs产卵 ㉗hatch vi. & vt.(使)孵化 Only one of those birds, a female called Old Blue, was able to lay eggs . Wildlife workers began a programme for raising black robin chicks. They protected Old Blue's eggs, helped them to hatch , and took care of the chicks. Thanks to their efforts, there are now more than 250 black robins, 其中只有一只名叫“老蓝”的雌鸟能够产卵。野生动物工作者开始了一项黑知更鸟繁育计划。他们保护老蓝的蛋,帮助孵化,并照顾幼鸟。由于他们的努力,现在黑知更鸟已超过250只, 续表 课前自主探究 18 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ㉘restore vt.(使) 恢复 ㉙habitat n.栖 息地 and the population is spreading. ［26］To help them survive, people are restoring their habitats and removing small animals ［27］that hunt them, such as mice and cats from the islands ［28］where they live. 而且数量还在增加。为了帮助它们生存,人们正在恢复黑知更鸟的栖息地并移除捕杀它们的小动物,例如它们所在的岛上的老鼠和猫。 续表 课前自主探究 19 词汇助读 课文 翻译助读 ［25］that引导定语从句,修饰先行 词birds。 ［26］不定式结构作目的状语。 ［27］that引导定语从句,修饰small animals。 ［28］where引导定语从句,修饰先行 词islands。 续表 课前自主探究 20 Step 1 Fast reading Read the passage on Pages 52—53 and match the main ideas with each paragraph. ( )Para.1 ( )Para.2 ( )Para.3 ( )Para.4 A.What we can do to avoid the sixth extinction. B.Consequences of the sixth extinction. C.Knowledge of extinction. D.Causes of the sixth extinction. C D B A 课前自主探究 21 Step 2 Careful reading Read the text carefully and choose the best answer. ( )1.What can you learn from the first paragraph? A.Six extinctions have occurred up to now. B.The third mass extinction occurred 66 million years ago. C.The extinctions are caused by the same reason. D.Human activity may cause the sixth mass extinction. √ 课前自主探究 22 ( )2.According to the 2015 study, what are the factors contributing to the accelerated extinction rate of species? A.Climate change and natural disasters only. B.Human activities such as air and water pollution, deforestation, etc. C.The natural background extinction rate remaining constant over time. D.Invasive species introduced by humans. √ 课前自主探究 23 ( )3.What can you infer from the text? A.It's not usual for species to die out naturally. B.Human activity has negatively affected several species on Earth. C.If a sixth mass extinction occurs, we humans may also disappear. D.A sixth extinction cannot be avoided. √ 课前自主探究 24 ( )4.What's the purpose of writing the text? A.To explain what the extinctions are. B.To blame humans for the extinctions. C.To illustrate the findings of some well-known scientists. D.To call on people to take action to prevent the sixth extinction. √ 课前自主探究 25 Step 3 Summary Read the text again and fill in the blanks. Extinctions are not 1.________(usual) in our Earth's history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there 2.___________(be) five times 3.______ life on Earth has almost ended. The reasons for extinctions are varied, 4.__________(include) volcanic eruptions, global warming, and so on. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame. unusual have been when including 课前自主探究 26 Although it's usual for species 5._______(die) out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. Scientists found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times 6.______(fast) than normal. If 7.___ sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists believe that up to three 8._________(quarter) of all species on Earth could die out and that human beings would also be 9.___ risk. However, experts say it is not yet too late, if we take action now. This would mean we have to 10.____________(significant) change the way we live. In order to survive, we should stop destroying the planet and start to protect it. to die faster a quarters at significantly 课前自主探究 27 1.die out 消失;绝迹,灭绝 (教材P52) Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 die of 因……而死(疾病、饥饿、情感原因等) die from 因……而死(疾病、外伤、车祸、污染等) die away ( 声音、风、光等)渐渐消失 die down (兴奋、火等)渐弱,渐息 die off 相继死去 语言知识梳理 28 【活学活用】 (1)用die相关短语的适当形式填空 ①It was several minutes before the applause _________________ _____. ②As she got older and older, her relatives all _________. ③Many people _________ car accidents each year, highlighting the need for improved road safety measures. died down/died away died off die from 语言知识梳理 29 (2)写作金句 (应用文写作之倡议书) Laws should be passed to protect pandas. Otherwise, they are certain ___________. 应该通过法律来保护大熊猫。否则,它们肯定会灭绝。 to die out 语言知识梳理 30 2.varied adj.各种各样的,形形色色的 (教材P52) The reasons for extinctions are varied. 灭绝的原因多种多样。 (1)vary v. 变化,不同,变更,改变 vary from…to…/between…and… 由……到……不等;在……与……之间变化 vary with 随……变化 vary in… 在……方面不同/有差异 语言知识梳理 31 (2)variety n. 种类;变化 a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的 (3)various=varied adj. 各种各样的;多种类型的 语言知识梳理 32 【活学活用】 (1)单句填空 ①［2022·全国甲卷］Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in ______________(vary) countries. various/varied ②The school library provides a _______(vary) of original works, helping to meet the needs of different students. ③Frankly speaking, the relationship between them varies _____ the changes of the time. variety with 语言知识梳理 33 ④Though Lucy and Lily are twins, they vary ___ characters and hobbies. in (2)写作金句 (应用文写作话题之传统文化) To help students learn about the traditional Chinese culture, a wide selection of books, pictures, and handicrafts will be exhibited, ____________________________ ______. (非谓语) 为了帮助学生了解中国传统文化,展览将展出大量的书籍、绘画和手 工艺品,从艺术、文化到历史不等。 varying from art, culture to history 语言知识梳理 34 3.decrease n.减少;减少的量vi. & vt.减少 (教材P52) According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. 科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变 化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。 语言知识梳理 35 (1)decrease to… 下降到……;减少到…… decrease by… 下降了……;减少了…… decrease from…to… 从……下降到…… decrease in 在某方面减少/下降 (2)on the decrease 在减少/下降中 ［温馨提示］decrease的近义词为reduce,反义词为increase。 语言知识梳理 36 【活学活用】 (1)单句填空 ①These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease ___ the number of fish species. ②The noise level in the classroom decreased ____ a whisper as the teacher entered. ③With regular exercise and a balanced diet, her weight has decreased ____ 15 pounds in just three months. in to by 语言知识梳理 37 (2)写作金句 (应用文写作之图表说明文) According to the figure, the number of people reading books is ________________ as a result of the appearance of electronics. (介词短语) 根据该图，由于电子产品的出现，读书的人数正在减少。 on the decrease 语言知识梳理 38 4.blame vt.责怪,指责 (教材P52) This time, human activity will be to blame. 这一次,人类活动将是主要原因。 (1)blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做了)某事而责备某人 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth) (因某事)应受责备,应(为某事)承担责任(主动表示被动) (2)lay/put/place the blame on… 把……归咎于…… bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth) (对某事)承担责任 语言知识梳理 39 【活学活用】 (1)单句填空 Some social app companies were __________(blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration. to blame (2)写作金句 ①(读后续写之心理描写) He was worried his grandmother might _____________________ potatoes away. 他担心祖母可能会责备他把土豆送人。 blame him for giving 语言知识梳理 40 ②(读后续写之文末总结句) Don't always ______________________ ____ others; instead, take a moment to reflect on your own actions and decisions. (v.) 不要总把你自己的失败归咎于他人；相反，花点时间反思自己的行 为和决定。 blame your own failure on 语言知识梳理 41 5.be at risk 处境危险,受到威胁 (教材P53) Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. 当然,由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种,我们也将面临灭绝的危险。 (1)risk n. 风险,危险 at the risk of doing sth 冒着做某事的风险 take/run a risk/risks 冒险 take/run the/a risk of doing sth 冒险做某事 语言知识梳理 42 (2)risk v. 使……冒风险 risk doing sth 冒险做某事 (3)risky adj. 危险的;冒险的 语言知识梳理 43 【活学活用】 (1)单句填空 ①Being exposed to very loud music makes it possible for young people to risk _______(go) deaf. going ②They told me that I had to study for a degree so that I would achieve a career, and not something as ______(risk) as writing. risky ③He favours quick decisions, even ___ the risk of being wrong. at 语言知识梳理 44 (2)写作金句 (读后续写之场面描写) He __________________________________ to save three children alive when the fire broke out. (动词短语) 火灾发生时，他冒着生命危险救了三个孩子。 took/ran the/a risk of losing his life 语言知识梳理 45 (教材P53) They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.他们发现人类活动导 致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1000倍。 语言知识梳理 46 句型公式 倍数表示法 【句式点拨】 三种常见的表示“倍数”的句型: (1)倍数+as+adj./adv.的原级+as… (2)倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than… (3)倍数+the+性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth…)+of… ［温馨提示］表示“两倍”时, 用twice或double, 三倍或三倍以上则用 “基数词+times”来表达。表示倍数也可用分数或百分数。 语言知识梳理 47 【活学活用】 写作金句 (应用文写作话题之学校生活) →Our school has expanded into a big one, which is __________________ as the previous one. →Our school has expanded into a big one, which is __________________ than the previous one. →Our school has expanded into a big one, which is ______________________ the previous one. 我们的学校已经扩大了,是原来的三倍大。 three times as big three times bigger three times the size of 语言知识梳理 48 课 后 习 题 49 Ⅰ单词拼写(每小题1分，共4分) 1.Many ________(物种) are in danger due to environmental changes, and we should do our part to protect them. species 2.She _______(擦) the dust off the furniture carefully and the room suddenly looked refreshed and inviting. wiped 3.The manager ________(指责) the employees for the project delay, but many factors also contributed to the situation. blamed 4.Many households are installing s______ panels on their rooftops, which has a role in reducing carbon emissions. olar 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 50 Ⅱ单句填空(每小题1.5分，共12分) 1.The enthusiastic traveller enjoyed the ______________(vary) cultures and cuisines during his journey around the world. varied/various 2.The professor gave a lecture on the importance of preserving ____________(endanger) languages. endangered 3.The publisher received ________(mass) of letters from readers who were appreciative of the informative articles in the magazine. masses 4.The ___________(restore) of the ancient temple was a project that required the cooperation of many skilled artisans and historians. restoration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 51 5.The ________(usual) weather patterns this year have significantly impacted agricultural production. unusual 6.All other problems became less important compared with the struggle for ________(survive). survival 7.The astronaut's training schedule _____________(affect) by the sudden change in weather, but he remained committed to his mission. was affected 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 52 8.The company's profits decreased ____ 20% due to the economic downturn, but the determined CEO remained optimistic about the future. by 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 Ⅲ短语填空(每小题2分，共10分) 1.The tradition of writing letters by hand is slowly __________ (绝迹,消失) as more people prefer digital communication. dying out 2.We'll __________(彻底毁灭) any enemy that dares to invade our territory. wipe out 3.Some social app companies _______________(负有责任) because they didn't check their users' registration. were to blame 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 54 4.The drivers were more likely to break the speed limit and were _______(处境危险,受到威胁) of getting fined. at risk 5.China has always been _____________________(以……著称) a land of propriety and righteousness. known as/famous for 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 55 Ⅳ句型训练(每小题3分，共12分) 1.And of course, ___________________________________________ ____ pandas are just so cute! (reason) 当然,他们如此兴奋的主要原因是大熊猫实在是太可爱了! the main reason why they are so excited is that 2.As society cares more and more about the old, there have been _____________________________ as there were ten years ago in our country. 随着社会越来越关心老人,我们国家养老院的数量已经是十年前的两倍。 twice as many nursing homes 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 56 3.After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, _______________________________________________ in Uganda. (“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句) 几个月后,瑞安筹到了2000 美元。有了这笔钱,一口井在乌干达的一 所小学旁边被建了起来。 with which a well was built near a primary school 4.Without your help, all of this ________________________. (虚拟条件句) 没有你的帮助,所有的这一切都无法实现。 wouldn't have come true 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 57 Ⅴ完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) When I was 8, my family moved into our brand-new home. My parents had adapted it to our own . .1. . needs and interests, including built-in bookshelves to . .2. . their hundreds of books and a large, bright sunroom to shelter all the plants my garden-loving father planned to grow. Unfortunately, a few months later, a heart attack . .3. . his life. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 58 My mother, who never had . .4. . filled our sunroom with low-light plants like ferns (蕨类植物), which consistently died off. Instead of giving up, she . .5. . over years and eventually got better through trial and error. She never specifically said she wanted to become a better gardener as a way to keep my dad's memory alive, but I knew the sight of the . .6. . could call to mind their happy time. It was a . .7. . to her that at least part of the room always had plants growing in it. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 59 Then last year, Mum experienced a series of . .8. . that landed her in hospital. As I was thoroughly . .9. . with tending her while raising kids and working, I felt . .10. . to the point of a breakdown.. .11. ., I always got recharged when . .12. . her plants, especially her enormous ferns—now at home in a more appropriate . .13. . spot. Mum may not be with us much longer, for her health has . .14. . significantly. It's my . .15. . to develop a green thumb— nursing her plants is a future source of comfort that we could be always together. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 60 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从爸爸到妈妈再 到作者在养植物的过程中得到安慰的故事。 ( )1.A.urgent B.particular C.basic D.formal [解析] 根据下文needs and interests可知，这里说的是根据他们的 特殊需求来定制。故选B。urgent紧急的；particular特殊的；basic基 本的；formal正式的。 ( )2.A.house B.contain C.keep D.hide [解析] 根据上文built-in bookshelves可知，书架用来容纳他们的数 百本书。故选A。house容纳，收藏；contain包括；keep保持；hide 躲藏。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 61 ( )3.A.wasted B.affected C.threatened D.claimed [解析] 根据上文a heart attack以及下文to keep my dad's memory alive可知，此处说的是夺去了爸爸的生命。故选D。waste浪费； affect影响；threaten威胁；claim夺去生命。 ( )4.A.golden touch B.silver tongue C.brown thumbs D.green fingers [解析] 根据下文“…filled our sunroom with low-light plants like ferns (蕨类植物), which consistently died off.”可知，妈妈不善于园 艺。故选D。golden touch点金术；silver tongue口才，善于言辞； brown thumbs园艺技能差；green fingers园艺技能。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 62 ( )5.A.examined B.explored C.experimented D.discovered [解析] 根据下文“…eventually got better through trial and error.” 可知，妈妈进行了多年的实验，最终通过试错，园艺技能变得更好。 故选C。examine检查；explore探索；experiment实验；discover发现。 ( )6.A.books B.bookshelves C.plants D.home [解析] 根据上文the plants my garden-loving father可知，这些植 物会让妈妈想起她和爸爸的快乐时光。故选C。book书籍； bookshelf书架；plant植物；home家。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 63 ( )7.A.comfort B.promise C.reward D.habit [解析] 根据下文“…at least part of the room always had plants growing in it.”以及语境可知，这些植物让妈妈感到安慰。故选A。 comfort安慰；promise承诺；reward奖励；habit习惯。 ( )8.A.rises B.climbs C.falls D.advances [解析] 根据下文“…landed her in hospital.”可知，妈妈摔倒导致住 院。故选C。rise上升；climb攀登；fall摔倒；advance进步。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 64 ( )9.A.disappointed B.occupied C.bored D.associated [解析] 根据“As I was thoroughly…with tending her…”可知，这里 说的是全身心地忙于照顾妈妈。故选B。disappointed失望的； occupied忙于；bored无聊的；associated相关的。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 65 ( )10.A.energetic B.excited C.discouraged D.exhausted [解析] 根据下文the point of a breakdown可知，作者感到筋疲力 尽。故选D。energetic精力充沛的；excited兴奋的；discouraged气 馁的；exhausted筋疲力尽的。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 ( )11.A.Logically B.Systematically C.Magically D.Consequently [解析] 根据下文“…I always got recharged…”可知，神奇的是，在 照顾她的植物时，作者总能恢复活力。故选C。logically有逻辑地； systematically系统地；magically神奇地；consequently因此。 ( )12.A.shouting at B.cleaning away C.cutting down D.caring for [解析] 根据下文“…her plants, especially her enormous ferns…”可 知，此处说的是当作者照顾这些植物时。故选D。shout at冲……喊 叫；clean away清除；cut down砍倒；care for关心，照顾。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 67 ( )13.A.warm B.shady C.sunny D.cold [解析] 根据上文especially her enormous ferns以及常识可知，这里 说的是一个合适的阴凉处。故选B。warm温暖的；shady阴凉的； sunny晴朗的；cold寒冷的。 ( )14.A.improved B.declined C.changed D.increased [解析] 根据上文“Mum may not be with us much longer…”可知， 妈妈的健康状况下降了。故选B。improve提高；decline下降； change改变；increase增加。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 68 ( )15.A.turn B.decision C.dream D.future [解析] 根据上文“Mum may not be with us much longer, for her health has…significantly.”可知，妈妈生病，现在轮到作者来照顾她 的植物了。故选A。turn(轮到的)机会；decision决定；dream梦想； future未来。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 69 Ⅵ阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. 1.___ Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 2.___ Many species could well disappear completely G D 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 70 if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years. The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. 3.___ The average size of such fish also declines, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones. C 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 4.___ The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits. The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 5.___ Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security. A.Billions of people rely on fish for protein. B.Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish. E A 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 72 C.Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low. D.This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”. E.None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry. F.Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife. G.This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了由于过度捕捞，浅水鱼 类的数量已经严重下降，以及由此导致的后果。 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 73 1.___ G [解析] 根据上文“People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic.”(人们仍然想吃鱼，因此渔业必须寻找其他来源，特 别是大西洋的深水区。)以及下文内容可推知，空处应承接上文，说 明以上做法导致的不良影响。故G选项(这导致许多被捕获物种的数 量急剧下降。)切题。故选G。 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 74 2.___ D [解析] 根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”(对五种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87%到98%。)以 及常识可知，数量下降到了一定程度，我们便称它们为“极度濒危”物 种。故D选项(这使得它们被归为“极度濒危”物种。)切题，this指代上 文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent”。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 75 3.___ C [解析] 根据上文“Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.”(深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖， 通常需要生长很多年。)以及下文“The average size of such fish also declines, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.”(这些鱼的平均尺寸也在 下降，其中一个物种的平均尺寸下降了57%。这一点值得特别关注， 因为大鱼往往比小鱼生育更多的后代。)可知，空处应承上启下，说 明深海鱼类的繁殖率非常低。故C选项(不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非 常低。)切题。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 76 4.___ E [解析] 根据下文“The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.”(深海鱼类被捕获，仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼 等快速繁殖的鱼类。这就像把大象当作繁殖速度飞快的兔子杀死一 样。)可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。故E选项 (渔业没有考虑到这些事实。)切题。故选E。 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 77 5.___ A [解析] 根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.”(数百万人以渔业为生。)可知，空处应与上文的内容相关， 继续说明渔业对人的重要作用。故A选项(数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋 白质。)切题。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 课 后 习 题 78 Ⅶ语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the world's largest coral reef system. 1._________(locate) off the coast of Queensland in north-east Australia, it is one of the few biological 2.__________(structure) visible from space. The GBR is one of the seven wonders of the world and 3._____________(select) as a World Heritage Site in 1981. It is blessed with breathtaking beauty with 2,900 individual reefs and 900 picturesque tropical islands 4.__________(stretch) for over 2,000 kilometres. The reef structure is composed of billions of tiny organisms, 5._______ support a wide diversity of marine life. Located structures was selected stretching which 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 79 The sheer size of the GBR, as well as its beauty, draws people from all over the world each year. A visitor can enjoy thrilling experiences including helicopter tours, glass-bottomed boat viewing, whale watching, swimming with dolphins and so on. For Australians, the reef is 6.___ source of pride and enjoyment, with the majority of tourists coming 7._________(special) to Australia to see it. a specially 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 80 However, the GBR is 8._______ threat. The exploitation (开发) of oil and gas is driving industrial 9.__________(expand) along much of the northern Queensland coast. Recently, a research group has arrived in Australia to assess the condition of the GBR 10._____ investigate concerns about damage to it. Environmentalists are demanding that all industrial development be stopped until an official review of the health of the GBR is carried out. under expansion and 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大堡礁的美丽、海 洋生物多样性、旅游吸引力及其面临的环境威胁。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 81 1._________ Located [解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处需要非谓语动词作状语。be located“坐落于……”，该短语省略be动词，剩下过去分词作状语。 该单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Located。 2.__________ structures [解析] 考查名词复数。structure为可数名词，前有few修饰，应用复 数形式。故填structures。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 82 3._____________ was selected [解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子的谓语动词。 根据时间状语in 1981可知，句子用一般过去时，且主语和select之 间是被动关系，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填was selected。 4.__________ stretching [解析] 考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾 语补足语”。空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语2,900 individual reefs and 900 picturesque tropical islands之间为主动关 系，所以用现在分词作宾补。故填stretching。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 83 5._______ which [解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tiny organisms。先行词指物，从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词which引 导该从句。故填which。 6.___ a [解析] 考查冠词。a source of意为“……的来源”。故填a。 7._________ specially [解析] 考查副词。空处需用副词修饰coming to。故填specially。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 84 8._______ under [解析] 考查介词。be under threat为固定搭配，意为“受到威胁”。 故填under。 9.__________ expansion [解析] 考查名词。根据空前的industrial可知，空处需要名词作宾语。 expand的名词形式为expansion“扩张”，为不可数名词，故填 expansion。 10._____ and [解析] 考查连词。根据句意可知，前后为并列关系，故填and。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 85 $