专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，广东专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东茂名第一中学-10月·期中）China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电动汽车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands (品牌). China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery quality and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电站). On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 1.How many Chinese-made EVs were sold in China in 2023? A. 8.29 million. B. 8.38 million. C. 9.49 million. D. 9.58 million. 2.What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A. To introduce different EV brands in China. B. To give some information about Auto China. C. To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. D. To show the development of China’s EV industry. 3.EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by ________. A. Adding more charging points. B. Dealing with environmental problems. C. Improving innovation ability. D. Winning the government’s support. 4.What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain. C. Hopeful. D. Worried. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是中国电动汽车（EV）产业的发展现状、政策支持、面临的挑战与机遇，以及未来前景。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口).(根据一份报告，2023年中国制造的电动汽车产量为958万辆，销量为949万辆。其中，电动汽车出口120万辆。)”可知，2023年在中国销售的中国制造的电动汽车是949万辆减去120万辆，等于829万辆，故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly.(中国政府一直鼓励发展电动汽车，将其作为实现绿色、高质量发展的一部分。因此，中国的电动汽车产业发展非常迅速。)”可知，第二段的目的是展示中国电动汽车产业的发展。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks.(没有创新能力的电动汽车制造商将面临越来越大的风险。)”可知，电动汽车制造商很可能通过提高创新能力来降低不断增长的风险。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead.(电动汽车是未来的发展方向。在一个理想的世界里，每个人都能从创新和绿色交通中受益。有些人可能会比其他人更早到达那里，并将获得更大的回报。中国很有可能保持领先地位。)”可知，作者对中国电动汽车行业的未来充满希望。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东中山纪念中学）American consumers are reported to spend roughly $960 billion this holiday season. But retailers (零售商) expect returns to take up almost 20 percent of those sales. That return wave comes up mainly because people usually make a lot of mistakes when giving presents, says Julian Givi, a marketing expert who has been studying gifting practices. Giving good gifts may not seem like a research-worthy topic. But positive gift exchanges can help businesses struggling to deal with amounts of returns as well as improve social relationships. Most importantly, giving better gifts could take pressure off the environment. In 2020, some 2.6 million tons of returned products in the United States ended up as landfill waste. Most of these studies were also done in the U.S. and U.K. The studies centered on the cultural factor. For instance, we often give the gifts around the holidays. But what we find is that recipients (接受者) actually prefer emotional gifts more than what givers expect. But if in a culture where you are going to get laughed at for giving an emotional gift, then I would say you won’t give a similar gift. However, the limitation on this body of research work is that it’s focused on adults. It’s a lot easier to get green light to do research on people who are 18 and older. Gift givers often focus on that “aha” moment, the moment when the ribbons and bow come off. Recipients focus more on long-term uses. Research shows that people are misguided on how much surprise is important. However, recipients actually like things that they request better. It had been widely known that gift givers were simply encouraged by a desire to please recipients. Actually, people often give gifts that meet their own desires rather than the desires of recipients. In other words, people would be a whole lot better at giving gifts if they could just get their sense of their own worth out of the way. Therefore, a better gift giver should take what recipients really want into consideration. 1.What does the author value most in giving gifts? A. Increasing gift sales. B. Improving social relationships. C. Reducing environmental harm. D. Bettering communication skills. 2.How does the author explain the cultural influence of giving gifts? A. By listing data. B. By giving examples. C. By asking questions. D. By making comparisons. 3.What does the underlined word “aha” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Amazing. B. Moving. C. Annoying. D. Disappointing. 4.What’s the advice for a better gift giver? A. Buying high quality gifts. B. Meeting gift givers’ desire. C. Stressing recipients’ preference. D. Sending gifts for different purposes. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍节日送礼失误致退货潮的问题，及选合适礼物的相关研究与建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But positive gift exchanges can help businesses struggling to deal with amounts of returns as well as improve social relationships. Most importantly, giving better gifts could take pressure off the environment. (但积极的礼物交换不仅能帮助企业应对大量退货问题，还能改善人际关系。最重要的是，送出更合适的礼物可以减轻环境的压力。)”可知，作者认为送礼时最应重视的是减少对环境的危害。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The studies centered on the cultural factor. For instance, we often give the gifts around the holidays. (这些研究聚焦于文化因素。例如，我们通常会在节假日前后赠送礼物。)”可知，作者通过举例的方式阐释文化对送礼的影响。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Gift givers often focus on that‘aha’moment, the moment when the ribbons and bow come off. Recipients focus more on long-term uses. Research shows that people are misguided on how much surprise is important. (送礼者往往更在意拆礼物时的‘aha’瞬间，也就是拆开丝带和蝴蝶结的那一刻。而收礼者更看重礼物的长期实用性。研究表明，人们错误地高估了惊喜的重要性。)”可知，“aha” moment 指的是拆礼物时带来惊喜的瞬间，与 Amazing（令人惊喜的）含义相近。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore, a better gift giver should take what recipients really want into consideration. (因此，一个更会送礼的人应该考虑到收礼者真正想要的东西。)”可知，文章给会送礼的人的建议是重视收礼者的偏好。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·广东湛江第一中学-10月·期中）As a student at Howard University in Washington, D.C., Martino Wilkerson had to be at his lifeguard job at 5:15 am, and his bicycle was his key transport. Wilkerson is among 870,000 people who bike to work. While the data show that only 0.6% of Americans bike to work, supporters of cycling say “active transportation” will, in the long run, increase income (收入), save money, and help economic growth. Studies in Bicycling Means Business show that cycling-related activities add nearly 18 billion in tax revenue. The effect on individuals can be even greater. A study reports that the average yearly cost of a car is 70,000 a year spend nearly 20% of their income on transportation. “So if you can change that, or even cut that expense in half, you have just made a more affordable city for yourself to live in,” says Mike Sule, director of Asheville on Bikes. It’s why D.C.’s decision six years ago to teach all second graders to ride a bike is not only about health and fun but also about the economy. The program is the idea of Miriam Kenyon, director for fitness education. The idea for the program came when she invited a local group to teach bike safety and discovered that a significant percentage of children as old as 10 didn’t know how to ride a bike. “Children who learn to ride bikes early tend to stick with it through their whole life and become healthier adults. Furthermore, the public health effect is also an economic effect for the society,” says Jenny Liu, professor at the Toulan School. “If we have healthier people who are more active, it obviously drives the costs of health care down.” 1.Why is Martino Wilkerson mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To lead in the topic. B. To tell an interesting story. C. To express the concern for bikers. D. To show a personal point. 2.How can riding a bike do good to individuals according to Mike Sule? A. It can increase their income. B. It keeps them healthier. C. It provides a more beautiful city. D. It cuts down their living cost. 3.What made Kenyon get the idea of teaching second graders to bike? A. A lesson. B. A report. C. A car accident. D. An economy program. 4.What is Jenny Liu’s attitude towards kids’ riding bikes? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Favorable. D. Uncaring. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍骑行作为“积极交通方式”对国家经济、个人生活及社会健康的多方面益处。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Martino Wilkerson had to be at his lifeguard job at 5:15 am, and his bicycle was his key transport. Wilkerson is among 870,000 people who bike to work.(马蒂诺·威尔克森早上5点15分必须到救生员岗位上班，自行车是他的主要交通工具。威尔克森是87万骑自行车上班的人之一。)”以及第二段中转折提出骑行对经济的长远益处可知，提及威尔克森是为了以具体人物案例引出“骑行”这一核心话题。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A study reports that the average yearly cost of a car is $9,881... “So if you can change that, or even cut that expense in half, you have just made a more affordable city for yourself to live in,” says Mike Sule...(一项研究显示，汽车的年均成本为9881美元……迈克·苏尔表示：“所以如果你能改变这种情况，甚至将这笔开支减半，你就能让自己生活的城市变得更负担得起。”)”可知，迈克·苏尔认为骑行能帮助个人减少交通开支，降低生活成本。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The idea for the program came when she invited a local group to teach bike safety and discovered that a significant percentage of children as old as 10 didn’t know how to ride a bike.(这个项目的想法源于她邀请当地一个团体教授自行车安全知识时，发现相当一部分10岁的孩子还不会骑自行车。)”可知，肯扬是在一次自行车安全课程中发现问题，进而产生教二年级学生骑自行车的想法。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Children who learn to ride bikes early tend to stick with it through their whole life and become healthier adults. Furthermore, the public health effect is also an economic effect for the society... “If we have healthier people who are more active, it obviously drives the costs of health care down.”(早早学会骑自行车的孩子往往会一生坚持骑行，并成长为更健康的成年人。此外，公共健康效应对社会来说也是一种经济效应……“如果我们有更健康、更活跃的人群，显然能降低医疗保健成本。”)”可知，珍妮·刘认为孩子骑行既能促进个人健康，又能带来社会经济益处，因此她对孩子骑行持支持态度。故选C项。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·广东深圳高级中学·期中）Many people think that, because freezing and then unfreezing food will break down vitamins (维生素), frozen vegetables and fruits must be less nutritious than fresh ones. When fruits and vegetables are picked from plants, they still do things like “breathing”, and over time, their vitamins start to break down. That is just how nature works. Before fruits and vegetables get to supermarkets or local markets, they have to be carried, stored, and then finally brought to people’s homes. This whole trip often takes a long time, and during this period, their vitamins slowly disappear. But for frozen fruits and vegetables, right after they’re picked, they will be quickly frozen at -18°C. At this temperature the “breathing” almost stops, and tiny living things can’t grow. Freezing helps keep vitamins in fruits and vegetables safe — it doesn’t hurt them, and it might even help. Experts from the U.S. Department of Agriculture looked at common things in fruits and vegetables, such as vitamin C, B vitamins, polyphenols (多酚), and carotenoids (类胡萝卜素). They checked products sold in markets and found that while frozen and fresh vegetables might have small differences in some things, overall, they’re not that different. In fact, sometimes frozen fruits and vegetables keep more of these vitamins than fresh ones do. Scientists from Sheffield Hallam University in the UK studied 37 kinds of food and found that both frozen green beans and fresh green beans have high levels of beta-carotene after being cooked. For these reasons, international health groups say that both frozen fruits and vegetables and fresh ones are acceptable. The old idea that “frozen fruits and vegetables are low quality” is no longer true. 1.What can we infer about people’s attitudes toward frozen food in the past? A. They thought it was not as good as fresh food B. They didn’t know how to store fresh vegetables C. They believed it had more vitamins than fresh food D. They preferred frozen food because it was cheaper 2.What do we know about picked fruits and vegetables? A. They begin to protect peels B. They stop breathing quickly C. Temperatures affect their vitamins D. Sellers care about their appearance 3.What do experts and scientists find about frozen produce? A. They lose vitamins once cooked B. They may maintain more nutrients C. They have more types of vitamins D. They are delicious for a short time 4.What is the suitable title for the text? A. Frozen vs Fresh: Similar Quality? B. Frozen Food: Less Safe Than Fresh? C. Storing Vegetables: Tips for Freezing D. Markets: Selling More Frozen Foods 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍冷冻果蔬并非如人们所想缺乏营养，其营养价值与新鲜果蔬相差无几甚至更高。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Many people think that, because freezing and then unfreezing food will break down vitamins (维生素), frozen vegetables and fruits must be less nutritious than fresh ones. (许多人认为，因为食物冷冻后再解冻会破坏维生素，所以冷冻蔬菜和水果的营养价值一定不如新鲜的)”以及最后一段中的“The old idea that ‘frozen fruits and vegetables are low quality’ is no longer true. (‘冷冻果蔬质量差’的旧观念已不再正确。)”可知，过去人们认为冷冻食品不如新鲜食品好。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When fruits and vegetables are picked from plants, they still do things like ‘breathing’, and over time, their vitamins start to break down. (当水果和蔬菜从植株上被采摘下来后，它们仍然会进行‘呼吸’等活动，随着时间的推移，其维生素开始分解。)”以及第三段中的“At this temperature the ‘breathing’ almost stops, and tiny living things can’t grow. Freezing helps keep vitamins in fruits and vegetables safe. (在这个温度下，‘呼吸’几乎停止，微生物也无法生长。冷冻有助于保护果蔬中的维生素不流失。)”可知，采摘后的果蔬，温度会影响其维生素的留存。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In fact, sometimes frozen fruits and vegetables keep more of these vitamins than fresh ones do. (事实上，有时冷冻果蔬比新鲜果蔬能保留更多的这类维生素。)”可知，专家和科学家发现冷冻农产品可能保留更多的营养成分。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第四段中的“They checked products sold in markets and found that while frozen and fresh vegetables might have small differences in some things, overall, they’re not that different. (他们检查了市场上销售的产品，发现虽然冷冻蔬菜和新鲜蔬菜在某些方面可能存在微小差异，但总体而言，二者并无太大差别。)”以及最后一段中的“For these reasons, international health groups say that both frozen fruits and vegetables and fresh ones are acceptable. (由于这些原因，国际健康组织表示，冷冻果蔬和新鲜果蔬都是可食用的。)”可知，文章核心是对比冷冻果蔬和新鲜果蔬的营养价值，说明二者质量相近。因此A项“冷冻食品和新鲜食品：质量相似？”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A项。 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·广东四校联考·期中）When we are young, we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals. We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful. As we get older, however, we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest animals. In fact, the animal that kills the most people is one that you are familiar with: the mosquito (蚊子). While it may seem that all mosquitoes are biters, this is not actually the case. Male mosquitoes eat plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on animal blood. When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death. Because a mosquito can bite many people in its life, it can carry deadly diseases from one person to another very easily. More than 700 million people become sick from these diseases every year. At least 2 million of these people will die from these diseases. In some households, mosquito nets are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays. But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals. Although mosquitoes may not seem as scary as larger, more powerful animals, they are far more dangerous to human beings. But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. 1.Why does the passage mention dangerous animals like tigers and sharks? A. To compare different animals. B. To lead into the topic about mosquitoes. C. To show how dangerous tigers and sharks are. D. To show people’s misunderstanding of dangerous animals. 2.What can we learn about mosquitoes? A. Female mosquitoes might transmit diseases to humans. B. The saliva of female mosquitoes contains deadly diseases. C. Male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes have the same eating habits. D. More than 700 million people die from the diseases carried by the mosquitoes. 3.What’s paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Scientists are making efforts to kill mosquitoes. B. Some useful measures are taken to kill mosquitoes. C. There is no perfect solution to the mosquito problem. D. Mosquitoes’ natural enemies could protect human beings. 4.What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of solving the mosquito problem? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Unclear. D. Negative. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蚊子对人类的危害以及目前采取的一些灭蚊措施，并表达了对未来解决蚊子问题的乐观态度。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“When we are young, we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals. We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful. As we get older, however, we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest animals. In fact, the animal that kills the most people is one that you are familiar with: the mosquito (蚊子). (我们小时候就知道老虎和鲨鱼是危险的动物。我们可能会害怕它们，因为它们体型庞大且力量强大。然而，随着我们长大，我们了解到有时候最危险的动物也是体型最小的动物。事实上，导致最多人死亡的动物是一种你很熟悉的动物：蚊子)”可推知，文章提到像老虎和鲨鱼这样的危险动物是为了引出关于蚊子的话题。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death. (当雌性蚊子叮咬人类时，它会将唾液注入血液中。这种唾液可能含有致命疾病，也可能不含。叮咬的后果可能很轻微，也可能严重到导致死亡)”可知，雌蚊子可能会将疾病传播给人类。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“In some households, mosquito nets are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays. But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals. (在一些家庭中，人们会在床上方挂上蚊帐，以防止被蚊子叮咬。蚊子有许多天敌，比如蝙蝠、鸟类、蜻蜓以及某些种类的鱼。让更多这类动物进入蚊子栖息的地方，或许有助于减少该区域的蚊子数量。这是一种自然的解决办法，但并非总能起到很好的效果。也可以用毒药或喷雾剂杀死蚊子，不过这些喷雾剂可能也会对其他植物或动物造成伤害)”可知，第四段主要介绍了人们采取的一些防治蚊子的措施，以及这些措施存在的不足，即没有完美的解决蚊子问题的方案。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. (但情况正在发生改变。科学家们很有可能在某一天找到一种方法，让所有人都能免受蚊子及其携带的疾病的侵害)”可推知，作者对解决蚊子问题的未来持积极乐观态度。故选B项。 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东广州培正、三中和四中联考·期中）At this time of year, thousands of British tourists are heading to the Austrian ski slopes (斜坡), attracted not just by the snow tracks (跑道) but also by the pretty villages, great food and drink, and, the Austrian lifesaver for parents, the kid-friendly hotel. Confusing, then, a recent survey by InterNations on Expat-Friendly Places has put Austria the worst country in the world (well, out of 53 countries) for “local friendliness”. As a frequent visitor to Austria, I must admit being confused. I’ve had many experiences there, but none that I would call the least bit unfriendly. Take my most recent trip there last weekend for example. Vienna in winter is beautiful and, if you’re lucky, you may have some snow — despite which, the transport systems such as buses and subways continue to work well. Food markets here open early and I began at the most famous, the Naschmarkt, with its two main streets, one for restaurants, the other for food stalls (摊位). But instead of the expected rude traders, I was surrounded by encouraging smiles! So far, so friendly. So, if Austrians are funny, how can they also be unfriendly? This is the place, after all, where they invented a best-selling chocolate known as Mozart balls (after their most outstanding composer), ballet for horses (at Vienna’s Spanish Riding School), and the favourite night-time snack of sausages. Did I say formal? That is, perhaps, at the root of the misunderstanding. Austrians like going to balls and wearing their traditional clothes. They are super polite and helpful to lost tourists. That’s not to say you can’t anger an Austrian. For example, being late is not to be allowed. My point is that you get the best of the two countries closest to them: Everything works (as in Germany) and they like to have fun (as in Italy). And I’m not alone in my opinion. According to the Global Liveability Index, Vienna is the best city to live in on the planet and it has worn that particular crown for the past 10 years. Perhaps, in this situation, the statistics (统计学) have rather missed the point. 1.Why are British tourists mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To show they are the friendliest tourists. B. To interest us with a confusing situation. C. To introduce the topic of tourism. D. To compare them with Austrians. 2.What happened to the author at the Naschmarkt? A. He came across polite traders. B. He lost his way at the food markets. C. He was inspired to smile even in winter. D. He was confused by the transportation systems. 3.What do we know about Austrians? A. They are serious. B. They like to be on time. C. They are unfriendly. D. They like formal uniforms. 4.What’s the author’s attitude towards Austrian’s bad name? A. Indifferent. B. Favorable. C. Unclear. D. Opposed. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过作者的个人经历和观察，探讨了奥地利人被误解为不友好的现象，并分析了可能的原因。文章还提到了奥地利的旅游吸引力和文化特色，以及维也纳被评为全球最适合居住的城市。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段 “At this time of year, thousands of British tourists are heading to the Austrian ski slopes (斜坡), attracted not just by the snow tracks (跑道) but also by the pretty villages, great food and drink, and, the Austrian lifesaver for parents, the kid-friendly hotel. Confusing, then, a recent survey by InterNations on Expat-Friendly Places has put Austria the worst country in the world (well, out of 53 countries) for “local friendliness”.(每年的这个时候，成千上万的英国游客都前往奥地利的滑雪场，不仅被雪道所吸引，还被美丽的村庄、美味的食物和饮料所吸引，还有奥地利父母的救命稻草——适合儿童入住的酒店。然而，令人困惑的是，最近一项由“国际对外籍人士友好的地方”进行的调查将奥地利列为世界上（好吧，在53个国家中）“当地友好度”最差的国家)” 可知，提到英国游客大量前往奥地利旅游，而一项调查却显示奥地利在 “当地友好度” 方面是世界上最差的国家（53 个国家中），这种反差营造出一种令人困惑的情境，引发读者兴趣。所以提到英国游客是为了用一个令人困惑的情况引起我们的兴趣，故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段 “But instead of the expected rude traders, I was surrounded by encouraging smiles!(但是，与预期的粗鲁商人相反，我被鼓励的微笑所包围！)”可知，作者在 Naschmarkt 遇到的不是预期中粗鲁的商贩，而是被充满鼓励的微笑所包围，即遇到了有礼貌的商贩。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“That’s not to say you can’t anger an Austrian. For example, being late is not to be allowed.(这并不是说奥地利人不会生气。例如，迟到是不被允许的)”可知，奥地利人喜欢准时。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“My point is that you get the best of the two countries closest to them: Everything works (as in Germany) and they like to have fun (as in Italy). And I’m not alone in my opinion. According to the Global Liveability Index, Vienna is the best city to live in on the planet and it has worn that particular crown for the past 10 years. Perhaps, in this situation, the statistics (统计学) have rather missed the point.(我的观点是，你得到了离他们最近的两个国家最好的东西：一切都很好（就像在德国），他们喜欢玩得开心（就像在意大利）。并不是只有我一个人这么认为。根据全球宜居指数，维也纳是地球上最适合居住的城市，在过去的10年里，它一直戴着这顶特别的皇冠。也许，在这种情况下，统计数据没有抓住重点)” 可知，作者认为关于奥地利‘不友好’的统计数据没有抓住重点，结合作者自身在奥地利的友好经历，可看出作者明显不同意将奥地利评为世界上最不友好的国家之一。他认为这种评价可能误解了奥地利人的行为习惯和文化特点，因此他对这种负面名声持反对态度。A 选项“漠不关心的”；B 选项“支持的”；C 选项“不清楚的”均不符合。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东深圳罗湖高级中学·期中）There is an old saying that America and Britain are “two nations divided by a common language.” No one knows exactly who said this, but it reflects the way many Brits feel about American English. But are American and British English really so different? Vocabulary The most obvious difference between American and British English is vocabulary. For example, Americans go on vacation while Brits go on holidays; New Yorkers live in apartments while Londoners live in flats. There are far more examples than we can talk about here. Fortunately, most Americans and Brits can usually guess the meaning through the context of a sentence. Past Tense Verbs You’ll also find some differences with past forms of irregular verbs. The past tense of “learn” in American English is “learned”. British English has the option (选择) of “learned” or “learnt”. The same rule applies to “dreamed” and “dreamt”, “burned” and “burnt”, and “leaned” and “leant”. Americans tend to use the -ed ending; Brits tend to use the -t ending. Spelling There are hundreds of slight spelling differences between British and American English. Noah Webster, an author, politician and teacher, made an effort to reform English spelling in the late 1700s. Webster wanted to spell words the way they sounded. You can see Webster’s legacy (遗产) in the American spelling of words like color (from colour), honor (from honour), and labor (from labour). Not So Different After All British and American English have far more similarities than differences. With the exception of some regional dialects (方言), most Brits and Americans can understand each other without too much difficulty. They watch each other’s TV shows, sing each other’s songs and read each other’s books. They even make fun of each other’s accents. 1.Which of the following is a group of American words? A. Vacation; holiday. B. Apartment; flat. C. Vacation; apartment. D. Holiday; flat. 2.What do we know about British and American English from the last paragraph? A. They both have some strange words. B. They are affecting people using them. C. They connect people of the two countries. D. Their differences have little effect on communication. 3.Where is the text most likely from? A. A diary. B. A magazine. C. A guidebook. D. A novel. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了美式英语和英式英语之间的差异与相似之处。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The most obvious difference between American and British English is vocabulary. For example, Americans go on vacation while Brits go on holidays; New Yorkers live in apartments while Londoners live in flats.(美式英语和英式英语最明显的区别在于词汇。例如，美国人说“go on vacation”（度假），而英国人说“go on holidays”；纽约人住在“apartments”（公寓）里，而伦敦人住在“flats”（公寓）里)”可知，vacation和apartment是美式英语，holiday和flat是英式英语。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“British and American English have far more similarities than differences. With the exception of some regional dialects, most Brits and Americans can understand each other without too much difficulty.(英式英语和美式英语的相似之处远多于不同之处。除了一些地方方言外，大多数英国人和美国人都能毫不费力地理解对方的意思)”可知，英式英语和美式英语的相似之处远多于不同之处，英国人和美国人可以毫不费力地理解对方的意思，所以它们的差异对交流影响不大。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“There is an old saying that America and Britain are “two nations divided by a common language.” No one knows exactly who said this, but it reflects the way many Brits feel about American English. But are American and British English really so different?(有句老话说，美国和英国是“被同一种语言分割的两个国家”。没有人确切知道这句话是谁说的，但它反映了许多英国人对美式英语的看法。但是美式英语和英式英语真的如此不同吗？)”可知，文章主要探讨了美式英语和英式英语之间的差异与相似之处，这类话题通常出现在杂志上。故选B。 主题语境06 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·广东中山纪念中学）A new study has found that including climate impact labels (标签) on a fast food menu influenced participants’ food choices in favor of more climate-friendly items. Study lead author Julia Wolfson, professor in the Department of International Health at the Bloomberg School, and her co-authors wanted to test how labeling climate change impacts (影响) of fast food menu items might lead people to choose less red meat. Eating too much red meat has been linked to many health problems. Eating less red meat would also help give off fewer greenhouse gases. More than 5,000 participants were shown a sample menu and asked to choose a single item for dinner. One group of participants received a menu with non-red meat items such as chicken sandwiches labeled “low climate impact”. Another group received a menu with red meat items-burgers labeled “high climate impact”. A third control group received menus without climate labels. Both the high and low climate impact labels markedly reduced red meat choices compared to the control group. Menus with a high climate impact label on burgers increased non-beef choices by 23 percent compared to the control group. Menus that included low climate impact labels increased non-beef choices, such as a chicken sandwich or a salad, by about 10 percent more participants than those in the control group. “These results suggest that menu labeling, particularly labels warning that an item has high climate impact, can be an effective strategy for encouraging more climate-friendly food choices in a fast food setting,” says Wolfson. While encouraging on the whole the results suggest that positive “low climate impact” labels are less effective in encouraging sustainable food choices compared to “high climate impact” labels. At the same time, climate labels may have the unwanted side effect of making a choice seem healthier than it actually is. “A misplaced health halo (光环) given to unhealthy menu items could encourage people to overeat them,” Wolfson says. “So we have to look for labeling strategies that create ‘win-wins’ for encouraging both more sustainable and healthy choices.” 1.What does the new study plan to do? A. Encourage sustainable fast food choices. B. Decide the best general food labeling method. C. Find out red meat’s connection to health problems. D. Discover climate labels’ effect on fast food choices. 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The process of the study. B. The results of the study. C. The influence of the study. D. The importance of the study. 3.What possible side effect could climate labels cause? A. Overeating of red meat. B. An increase in sustainable food choices. C. Confusion among customers. D. A misunderstanding of food healthiness. 4.What is Wolfson’s attitude towards climate impact labels on food? A. Supportive. B. Careful. C. Objective. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究发现，在快餐菜单上添加气候影响标签会影响参与者的食物选择，使其倾向于选择更有利于气候的食物，同时探讨了这种标签可能带来的副作用。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has found that including climate impact labels (标签) on a fast food menu influenced participants’ food choices in favor of more climate-friendly items.(一项新的研究发现，在快餐菜单上添加气候影响标签会影响参与者的食物选择，使其倾向于选择更有利于气候的食物)”可知，这项新研究旨在发现气候标签对快餐选择的影响。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“More than 5,000 participants were shown a sample menu and asked to choose a single item for dinner. One group of participants received a menu with non-red meat items such as chicken sandwiches labeled “low climate impact”. Another group received a menu with red meat items-burgers labeled “high climate impact”. A third control group received menus without climate labels.(超过5000名参与者被展示了一份示例菜单，并被要求选择一道晚餐菜品。一组参与者收到的菜单上，鸡肉三明治等非红肉菜品被标记为“低气候影响”。另一组参与者收到的菜单上，红肉菜品——汉堡被标记为“高气候影响”。第三组对照组收到的菜单上没有气候标签)”可知，本段详细描述了研究是如何将参与者分组并设置不同菜单条件来进行实验的，即主要介绍了研究过程。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“At the same time, climate labels may have the unwanted side effect of making a choice seem healthier than it actually is. (同时，气候标签可能带来不想要的副作用，使一种选择看起来比实际上更健康)”可知，气候标签可能导致对食品健康程度的误解。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中““These results suggest that menu labeling, particularly labels warning that an item has high climate impact, can be an effective strategy for encouraging more climate-friendly food choices in a fast food setting,” says Wolfson.(“这些结果表明，菜单标签——特别是那些警告某食品对气候影响较大的标签——在快餐环境下，能成为一种有效的策略，鼓励人们做出更有利于气候的饮食选择，”Wolfson说道)”和最后一段““A misplaced health halo (光环) given to unhealthy menu items could encourage people to overeat them,” Wolfson says. “So we have to look for labeling strategies that create ‘win-wins’ for encouraging both more sustainable and healthy choices.” (“在不健康的菜单选项上贴上错误的光环标签，可能会促使人们对其过度消费，”Wolfson说。“因此，我们必须寻找能够创造‘双赢’的标签策略，以鼓励更可持续和更健康的选择。”)”可知，Wolfson肯定了气候标签的效果，但同时也谨慎地指出了其潜在副作用，并强调需要寻找更完善的策略，这体现了一种审慎的态度。故选B项。 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·广东湛江第一中学-10月·期中）Bruce has been missing the upper part of his beak (喙) since at least 2012. This makes the parrot look different. But scientists are more surprised at what he can do in spite of his injury. When he was saved, this young bird, just at the age he was learning to fly, went to live at the Willowbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch, southern New Zealand. Long, sharp beaks help parrots find insects in the woods. Bruce’s injured beak means he couldn’t forage on his own. Normally, these birds use their beaks to keep their feathers (羽毛) clean, but Bruce couldn’t. However, researchers noticed that Bruce had his own way to do it. First, he looks for his tool among small pointy stones. He then rolls a few stones around in his mouth with his tongue until he finds one that he likes. He holds the chosen stone between his tongue and lower beak to pick through his feathers. This behavior didn’t come from the wild. When Bruce arrived at Willowbank, he was too young to learn it. And no other bird at Willowbank uses stones this way. “It seems like he just creates this tool for himself,” says Amalia Bastos, who researches how animals understand the world. Tool use is just one of parrots’ many skills. The birds are famous for copying—and perhaps even understanding—human speech. These make the birds seem quite smart. But studying intelligence (智力) is difficult, especially in animals other than humans. Researchers once thought these skills made humans special. But some other animals also practice these skills, such as dolphins and elephants. So do parrots. Even so, parrots may not be an obvious choice for studying human-like intelligence. Parrots’ bodies are very different than ours. Their brains also look quite simple compared to ours. But studies over the last 10 years are highlighting the hidden powers of bird brains. And those powers suggest parrots may be able to teach us about what human-like intelligence is like. 1.What can be learned about Bruce before he lived at Willowbank? A. He was badly hurt. B. He was kept at a zoo. C. He had learnt how to fly. D. He was lost in the woods. 2.Which best explains the word “forage” underlined in paragraph 3? A. Cry out for help. B. Turn up in time. C. Search for food. D. Live with others. 3.What can we infer about Bruce? A. He learnt the skill in the wild. B. He taught himself to use tools. C. He often looked for small round stones. D. He liked to roll stones around in his mouth. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. How an Injured Parrot Lived B. Taking Action to Protect Parrots C. Scientists Raise Young Parrots in the Lab D. Parrots May Be Smarter than We Thought 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍喙部受损的鹦鹉Bruce自学用工具清洁羽毛，展现高智力，进而探讨鹦鹉的潜在智能。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bruce has been missing the upper part of his beak since at least 2012.(至少从2012年起，Bruce就缺失了上半部分喙。)”和第二段中的“When he was saved, this young bird, just at the age he was learning to fly, went to live at the Willowbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch, southern New Zealand.(当它被救助时，这只正处于学飞阶段的幼鸟，之后便住进了新西兰南部克赖斯特彻奇的威洛班克野生动物保护区。)”可知，Bruce在住进保护区前，喙部已严重受损。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Long, sharp beaks help parrots find insects in the woods. Bruce’s injured beak means he couldn’t forage on his own.(长长的尖喙能帮助鹦鹉在树林里寻找昆虫。Bruce受损的喙意味着它无法独自forage。)”可知，“forage”的动作与“寻找昆虫（食物）”相关，结合语境可推测其含义为“寻找食物”，与选项C一致。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“This behavior didn’t come from the wild. When Bruce arrived at Willowbank, he was too young to learn it. And no other bird at Willowbank uses stones this way. “It seems like he just creates this tool for himself,” says Amalia Bastos, who researches how animals understand the world.(这种行为并非来自野外。Bruce到达威洛班克时年纪太小，无法学习该技能。且保护区内没有其他鸟类会这样使用石头。“它似乎是自己创造了这种工具，”研究动物如何认知世界的Amalia Bastos表示。)”可知，Bruce的工具使用技能并非学自外界，而是自学而成，故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章先以Bruce自学用工具的事例展现其智力；再延伸到鹦鹉的其他技能，提到过去人们对鹦鹉智力的认知局限，以及近年研究发现鸟类大脑的潜在能力，指出鹦鹉可能比想象中更聪明。因此“Parrots May Be Smarter than We Thought (鹦鹉可能比我们想象的更聪明)”为最佳标题。故选D项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东深圳高级中学·期中）There are two kinds of parents in modern America, says Alison Gopnik in her recent book, The Gardener and the Carpenter. The carpenter (木匠) thinks that his or her child can be shaped. “The idea is that if you just do the right things, get the right skills, read the right books, you’re going to be able to shape your child into a particular kind of adult,” she says. The gardener, on the other hand, is less concerned about controlling who the child will become and instead provides a protected space to explore. The style is all about creating a rich, loving but also variable ecosystem. We assume that children need to be taken care of for a long time. Having that long period of childhood gives you this protected period. And childhood gives you a chance to master that new environment. A lot of the things that seem kind of strange about children - the fact that they’re so creative, so imaginative, so exploratory and yet so bad at taking care of themselves — kind of fit that picture. Gopnik, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, says that many parents are carpenters, but they should really create that garden. She spent many years researching children’s development and found that parents often focus too much on who their children will be as adults. The harm in that approach, she says, is that parents and their children may become worried, stressed or unhappy. “We’re so concerned about how these children are going to turn out that we’re unwilling to give them the freedom that they need to be able to take risks and go out and explore the world,” she says. Interestingly, the less that mothers and fathers worry about outcomes (结果), she says, the better their children may perform in life. 1.How does the carpenter raise children? A. By leaving them to grow naturally. B. By shaping them through planned effort. C. By creating a colorful garden to have fun. D. By providing everything to meet their needs. 2.What does Gopnik think of the gardener’s way of raising children? A. Common and ordinary. B. Fruitless and outdated. C. Unwise and unrealistic. D. Practical and advisable. 3.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Focusing too much on children’s future. B. Providing a safe and happy growing space. C. Allowing children to take various risks. D. Giving children too much freedom. 4.What’s the passage mainly about? A. The advantages and disadvantages of parenting styles. B. An introduction to American ways of child raising. C. A comparison of two kinds of parenting styles. D. An analysis of the best way of child raising. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现代美国两种育儿方式——园丁式和木匠式，并对其进行了比较。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The carpenter (木匠) thinks that his or her child can be shaped. “The idea is that if you just do the right things, get the right skills, read the right books, you’re going to be able to shape your child into a particular kind of adult,” she says. (木匠认为他或她的孩子可以被塑造。“这个想法是，如果你做正确的事情，获得正确的技能，读正确的书，你就能把你的孩子塑造成一个特定类型的成年人，”她说)”可知，木匠认为可以通过有计划的努力来塑造孩子。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Gopnik, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, says that many parents are carpenters, but they should really create that garden. (加州大学伯克利分校的教授戈普尼克说，许多父母都是木匠，但他们真的应该创造那个花园)”以及第五段“Interestingly, the less that mothers and fathers worry about outcomes (结果), she says, the better their children may perform in life. (有趣的是，她说，父母越不担心结果，他们的孩子在生活中可能表现得越好)”可知，戈普尼克认为父母应该像园丁一样，并且父母越不担心结果，孩子表现越好，说明她认为园丁的育儿方式是实用且可取的。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段“She spent many years researching children’s development and found that parents often focus too much on who their children will be as adults. The harm in that approach, she says, is that parents and their children may become worried, stressed or unhappy. (她花了多年时间研究儿童的发展，发现父母经常过于关注孩子成年后会成为什么样的人。她说，这种方法的危害在于，父母和孩子可能会变得焦虑、有压力或不开心)”可知，that指代的是父母过于关注孩子成年后会成为什么样的人，即过于关注孩子的未来。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“There are two kinds of parents in modern America, says Alison Gopnik in her recent book, The Gardener and the Carpenter. (艾莉森·戈普尼克在她最近的书《园丁与木匠》中说，现代美国有两种父母)”以及后文对两种育儿方式（园丁式和木匠式）的详细介绍和比较可知，本文主要介绍了两种育儿方式，并对它们进行了比较。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东广州西关外国语学校·期中）There is already much evidence that volunteering benefits adults’ physical and mental health. Now, scientists have found similar links to both physical and mental health in adolescents. A 2023 analysis found that among more than 50,000 adolescents in the National Survey of Children’s Health, young people who had participated in community service or had volunteered over the previous 12 months were more likely to be in good health and stayed calm and in control when faced with challenges, and the adolescents were less likely to be anxious. Admittedly, those findings are only correlations (相关性). “It could be that the children who were volunteering were already in great health,” says study co-leader Kevin Lanza. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, he believes that the early findings are promising enough to dig into. A 2021 report warned that the percentage of young people suffering from constant sadness or hopelessness had increased by 40 percent over the previous decade. When looking for ways to address it, researchers point to the role of “contribution” - providing support or resources to others or helping to achieve a shared goal - as an important piece of social and emotional development for adolescents. Young people have a developmental need to connect and belong. “Part of the exploration of adolescence and young adulthood is figuring out where you can be needed and useful - arguably key aspects of our mental health,” says developmental psychologist Andrew Fuligni. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute. The importance of mattering to others and to the larger world translates really well to the needs of adolescents to have a meaningful role to play in their community. However, there may be a potential disadvantage of volunteering. Scientists have found that young people’s mental health can suffer if they feel their contributions are thought lowly of because of their sex, racial or ethnic identity or they are forced to participate. Thus, adults can help by offering choices and by vetting (审查) volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience. 1.What does Lanza think about the findings in 2023? A. They are valuable and worth further exploration. B. They discover teenagers face more mental health issues. C. They show volunteering increases adults’ overall well-being. D. They prove the willingness to volunteer determines children’s health. 2.How does “contribution” address adolescents’ mental problems? A. By curing them of the mental problems. B. By helping them gain praise and support. C. By enabling them to find a sense of purpose. D. By meeting the need of more volunteers now. 3.Who may suffer from volunteering according to the text? A. John, a disabled boy who did community service work. B. Taylor, a black girl who was praised for helping others. C. Tom, a kind child who helped in a school as a volunteer. D. Jessica, a high school student who hesitated to volunteer. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A. The importance of doing voluntary working. B. The approach to volunteering by contributing. C. The seriousness of adolescents’ mental health issues. D. The impact of volunteering on adolescents’ mental health. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了年轻人从事志愿服务与其心理健康之间的关系。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Admittedly, those findings are only correlations. “It could be that the children who were volunteering were already in great health,” says study co-leader Kevin Lanza. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, he believes that the early findings are promising enough to dig into. (诚然，这些发现只是相关性。该研究的共同负责人凯文·兰扎说：“可能是那些参加志愿活动的孩子们已经非常健康了。”但由于年轻人中心理健康问题的惊人增长，他相信早期的发现是有希望深入研究的。)”可知，凯文·兰扎认为2023年的研究发现说明了参加志愿活动与青少年身体健康之间存在相关性，是有价值的，并且值得进一步研究。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“When looking for ways to address it, researchers point to the role of “contribution”- providing support or resources to others or helping to achieve a shared goal - as an important piece of social and emotional development for adolescents. Young people have a developmental need to connect and belong. (在寻找解决方法时，研究人员指出，“贡献”的作用——为他人提供支持或资源，或帮助实现共同的目标——是青少年社会和情感发展的重要组成部分。年轻人有联系和归属感的发展需求。)”及第五段“Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute. The importance of mattering to others and to the larger world translates really well to the needs of adolescents to have a meaningful role to play in their community. (志愿服务是年轻人可以做出贡献的一个好方法。对他人和更大的世界的重要性很好地转化为青少年在他们的社区中扮演有意义的角色的需求。)”可知，通过为他人做出贡献，即参与志愿服务，青少年找到了目标感和归属感，从而有助于他们的心理健康。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, there may be a potential disadvantage of volunteering. Scientists have found that young people’s mental health can suffer if they feel their contributions are thought lowly of because of their sex, racial or ethnic identity or they are forced to participate. (然而，志愿服务可能有一个潜在的缺点。科学家发现，如果年轻人觉得自己的贡献因为性别、种族或民族身份而被轻视，或者他们被迫参与，他们的心理健康就会受到影响。)”可知，被迫参与是影响年轻人参与志愿活动的一个因素，故在志愿服务上犹豫不决的高中生杰西卡可能会遭受志愿服务的痛苦。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“There is already much evidence that volunteering benefits adults’ physical and mental health. Now, scientists have found similar links to both physical and mental health in adolescents. (已经有很多证据表明，志愿服务有益于成年人的身心健康。现在，科学家们在青少年的身体和心理健康方面都发现了类似的联系。)”及第二段“A 2023 analysis found that among more than 50,000 adolescents in the National Survey of Children’s Health, young people who had participated in community service or had volunteered over the previous 12 months were more likely to be in good health and stayed calm and in control when faced with challenges, and the adolescents were less likely to be anxious. (2023年的一项分析发现，在全国儿童健康调查中，在5万多名青少年中，在过去的12个月里参加过社区服务或志愿服务的年轻人更有可能身体健康，在面对挑战时保持冷静和控制，青少年不太可能焦虑。)”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了志愿服务对青少年心理健康的影响。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广东执信中学·期中）If a stranger knocked on your door asking to use your phone, would you help? How about lending them five dollars for the bus, if they said they’d return and pay you back? Nowadays, many people find it hard to trust strangers. A recent study found that our ability to trust strangers may be more than just a social or psychological characteristic — it could be rooted in our DNA. This is important, as it turns out that trusting people might actually live longer and healthier lives compared to more skeptical (怀疑的) people. Two main theories have appeared to explain why some people are more trusting than others. One suggests trust is a stable characteristic shaped by early life experiences. The other thinks it’s influenced by a person’s ongoing evaluation of the social environment. We can easily imagine that the answer to the question “Would you say that most people can be trusted?” would depend on whether you’d been robbed the day before or if you’d had your missing wallet returned. This is where the recent research comes in. A professor of Lund University, Edgerton and his coworkers have been doing research about trust. In their most recent study, involving 33,882 Danish blood donors, they found a single gene — PLPP4, strongly associated with the personality of trusting others, and that the PLPP4 gene explained 6% of the difference in social trust within the study population. If you take two people who have similar education and life experiences, this gene alone could account for 6% of the difference in how much they trust others. They believe that the PLPP4 gene may somehow soften our “fight-or-flight” survival response. If our fight-or-flight system is less strong when we meet new people, it makes sense that trusting others could have huge health benefits. Indeed, if trusting others acts as something against stress, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. As people continue to uncover the mysteries of trust, one thing is clear: understanding its genetic roots may hold the key to developing healthier communities in the world. 1.What might affect people’s trust levels according to the two main theories? A. Childhood habits. B. Personal abilities. C. Social experiences. D. Communication skills. 2.What does the recent study focus on? A. The mental cause of trust. B. The ways to develop survival ability. C. The characteristics of different genes in the blood. D. The connection between trust and a biological factor. 3.What does the passage say about trusting others? A. It has positive health effects. B. It reduces the strong stress in work. C. It helps to develop the world faster. D. It causes quicker survival response. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Two theories explain why people are trusted. B. Life experiences contribute to people’s trust levels. C. A gene that can influence how trusting people are discovered. D. Scientists have found a link between biology and social science. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人们对陌生人的信任度受多种因素影响，近期研究发现PLPP4基因与信任他人的性格相关，且信任对健康有益。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One suggests trust is a stable characteristic shaped by early life experiences. The other thinks it’s influenced by a person’s ongoing evaluation of the social environment.(一种理论认为，信任是由早期生活经历塑造的稳定特征。另一种观点认为，它受个人对社会环境的持续评价所影响。)”可知，两种主要理论认为早期生活经历和对社会环境的持续评价会影响人的信任水平，二者均属于社会经历范畴。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In their most recent study, involving 33,882 Danish blood donors, they found a single gene — PLPP4, strongly associated with the personality of trusting others, and that the PLPP4 gene explained 6% of the difference in social trust within the study population.(在他们最近一项涉及33882名丹麦献血者的研究中，他们发现了一个单一基因——PLPP4，该基因与信任他人的性格密切相关，且PLPP4基因解释了研究人群中6%的社会信任差异。)”可知，近期研究的核心是发现PLPP4基因这一生物因素与信任他人的性格之间的关联。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This is important, as it turns out that trusting people might actually live longer and healthier lives compared to more skeptical (怀疑的) people. (这是重要的，事实证明，与疑心较重的人相比，愿意信任他人的人实际上可能活得更久、更健康。)”以及第五段中的“Indeed, if trusting others acts as something against stress, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. (的确，如果信任他人可以起到对抗压力的作用，那么它可能会降低患心血管疾病的风险。)”可知，信任他人对健康有积极影响。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的“In their most recent study, involving 33,882 Danish blood donors, they found a single gene — PLPP4, strongly associated with the personality of trusting others, and that the PLPP4 gene explained 6% of the difference in social trust within the study population.(在他们最近一项涉及33882名丹麦献血者的研究中，他们发现了一个单一基因——PLPP4，该基因与信任他人的性格密切相关，且PLPP4基因解释了研究人群中6%的社会信任差异。)”可知，文章核心围绕一项新研究展开，重点介绍了被发现的、能影响人们信任度的PLPP4基因。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东深圳第二实验学校-12月·期中）Researchers have found that dogs share many emotions with humans, including fear, anger, sadness, and joy, but how do dogs express these emotions, particularly happiness, and can it be identified as a facial signal like a human smile? Unlike humans, dogs have a muzzle (动物的鼻口部分) built differently from our mouths. Aided by powerful muscles, their muzzles are designed for strength, not flexibility. They’re used as devices to attack, or tools to catch things. Strength and flexibility often conflict (冲突) with each other. As a result, the muscle that provides strength to the muzzle also lessens the control and flexibility of the dog’s lips, limiting the variety of facial expressions that dogs can make with their mouths. The small number of available facial signals is reserved for only a few major emotional expressions, but these can still be observed and easily translated. When a dog feels happy and at ease, usually during comfortable moments with loved ones, its eyes appear soft and calm, and its mouth is relaxed and slightly open with the tongue gently resting over the lower teeth. This expression, with body language such as ears up but not forward and a tail that’s at a natural low position, is very similar to a human smile. Although there has been much recent systematic research that has proved that the slightly open mouth and visible tongue are the closest that we can come to a relaxed and satisfied smile in dogs, it turns out that it is not a modern discovery. In ancient Egypt, children’s toys were often made in the shape of dogs. Such toys frequently featured a face with an extended tongue lapping out over the front of the open mouth, thus copying the smile of a dog. A rough translation of the typical terms used to describe these is “happy dog” or “laughing dog” toys. Somehow, without formal training, most of us can naturally recognize when a dog is smiling and they certainly do smile. 1.What do we know about dogs’ facial expressions? A. They are as varied as humans’. B. They are similar to those of other animals. C. They are limited by dogs’ facial structure. D. They are unable to express emotions. 2.How can we identify a dog’s smile? A. By watching body movements. B. By mixing several signals. C. By examining its surroundings. D. By observing facial expressions. 3.What does the author want to show by mentioning ancient Egyptian toys? A. The significance of dog research. B. The ancient toys’ advanced design. C. The connection between dogs and joy. D. The past recognition of dogs’ smiling. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Discover the Happiness of Dogs. B. The Science Behind Dogs’ Smile. C. Do Dogs or Humans Express Emotions Better? D. Do Humans Really Understand Their Best Friend? 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明狗的面部表情受生理结构限制，其开心时的特定面部与肢体信号类似人类微笑，且古埃及就已有对狗微笑表情的认知。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike humans, dogs have a muzzle (动物的鼻口部分) built differently from our mouths. Aided by powerful muscles, their muzzles are designed for strength, not flexibility. They’ re used as devices to attack, or tools to catch things. Strength and flexibility often conflict (冲突) with each other. As a result, the muscle that provides strength to the muzzle also lessens the control and flexibility of the dog’s lips, limiting the variety of facial expressions that dogs can make with their mouths.( 与人类不同，狗的口鼻结构与我们的嘴不同。在强大的肌肉的帮助下，它们的口鼻结构是为了力量而不是灵活性而设计的。它们被用作攻击的设备，或者用来抓东西的工具。力量和柔韧性常常相互冲突。因此，为口部提供力量的肌肉也降低了狗嘴唇的控制力和灵活性，限制了狗用嘴做出的各种面部表情。)”可知，狗的面部结构限制了嘴唇的控制能力，导致它们能做出的面部表情种类较少。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“When a dog feels happy and at ease, usually during comfortable moments with loved ones, its eyes appear soft and calm, and its mouth is relaxed and slightly open with the tongue gently resting over the lower teeth. This expression, with body language such as ears up but not forward and a tail that’s at a natural low position, is very similar to a human smile.( 当狗狗感到快乐和放松时，通常是在和所爱的人在一起的舒适时刻，它的眼睛看起来温柔而平静，它的嘴放松并微微张开，舌头轻轻地放在下牙上。这种表情的肢体语言，如耳朵向上而不是向前，尾巴处于自然的低位置，与人类的微笑非常相似。)”可知，识别狗的微笑是通过多种信号的结合。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Although there has been much recent systematic research that has proved that the slightly open mouth and visible tongue are the closest that we can come to a relaxed and satisfied smile in dogs, it turns out that it is not a modern discovery.( 虽然最近有很多系统的研究证明，狗微微张开的嘴和可见的舌头是我们最接近放松和满意的微笑，但事实证明，这不是现代的发现。)”以及第五段中“In ancient Egypt, children’s toys were often made in the shape of dogs. Such toys frequently featured a face with an extended tongue lapping out over the front of the open mouth, thus copying the smile of a dog.( 在古埃及，儿童的玩具通常被做成狗的形状。这类玩具的特征通常是一张张开的嘴巴前面伸出舌头的脸，因此模仿了狗的微笑。)”可推知，作者提到古埃及的玩具想说明古人就已经能识别狗狗的微笑表情。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Researchers have found that dogs share many emotions with humans, including fear, anger, sadness, and joy, but how do dogs express these emotions, particularly happiness, and can it be identified as a facial signal like a human smile?( 研究人员发现，狗与人类分享许多情绪，包括恐惧、愤怒、悲伤和快乐，但狗是如何表达这些情绪的，尤其是快乐，它能像人类微笑一样被识别为面部信号吗？)”可知，全文围绕“狗狗是否会微笑”展开，先分析面部结构对表情的限制，再说明狗狗微笑的具体判断信号，最后补充古人对该表情的认知，核心是解读狗狗微笑背后的科学依据。由此可知，这篇文章最适合的标题是“狗微笑背后的科学”。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东广州五中·12月段考）The sun is setting, brightening your kids’ faces as they play in the waves. You reach for your phone for this perfect moment. But before you do, here’s a bit of surprising science: Taking photos is not the perfect way to keep memory as you think. Taking too many pictures could actually harm the brain’s ability to keep memories, says Elizabeth Loftus, a psychology professor at the University of California, Irvine. So we get the photo but kind of lose the memory. Photography “outsources” memories. It works in two ways: We either shake off the responsibility of remembering moments when taking pictures, or we’re so distracted (分散注意力的) by the process that we miss the moment altogether. The first explanation is the loss of memory. People know that their camera is recording that moment, so they don’t try to remember. Similarly, if you write down someone’s phone number, you’re less likely to remember it offhand because your brain tells you there’s just no need. That’s all well and good — until that piece of paper goes missing. The other is distraction. We’re distracted by the process of taking a photo — how we hold our phone, composing the photo, such as smiling faces, the background to our liking and clear image, all of which uses up our attention that could otherwise help us memorize. However, taking photos can benefit memory — when done mindfully. While taking a photo may be distracting, the act of preparation by focusing on visual (视觉的) details around has some upsides. When people take the time to zoom in (拉近镜头) on specific things, memories become strengthened. Another benefit is that we recall moments more accurately (准确的) with the photos. Memory has been reshaped with the help of new information and new experiences. Thus, photos or videos help us recall moments as if they really happened. Memories die away without a visual record backing them up. Therefore, a photo is an excellent tool to help remember when done purposefully, which is worth exploring further. 1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To show the interest in taking photos. B. To make us think of similar experience. C. To introduce readers to the topic. D. To call on readers not to take photos. 2.Why does photography “outsource” memories? A. People depend more on photos to remember than their brains. B. Photos are more detailed and attractive than memories. C. Taking photos is helpful for us to memorize what we like most. D. Many sources influence people’s memories during photo-taking. 3.What may likely be discussed next? A. When distraction is most likely to happen. B. How to use photo-taking to memorize better. C. How to stay focused while taking photos. D. Situations when taking photos is better. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. We should remember the moment and take photos properly B. Photography does help us memorize the moment C. The fewer photos we take, the better we will remember D. Taking pictures could actually harm the brain’s ability to keep memories 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拍太多照片不利于人们铭记瞬间的美好，作者鼓励人们应有目的、有计划地拍照。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“The sun is setting, brightening your kids’ faces as they play in the waves. You reach for your phone for this perfect moment. But before you do, here’s a bit of surprising science: Taking photos is not the perfect way to keep memory as you think.(太阳落山了，孩子们在海浪中玩耍，他们的脸变得明亮起来。为了这个完美的时刻，你伸手去拿手机。但在你这么做之前，这里有一点令人惊讶的科学：拍照并不是你认为的保持记忆的完美方式)”可知，本段描写了海边游玩的美好画面，人们会习惯性地拿出手机拍照留念，但拍照并不是人们所以为的保存记忆的完美方式，结合下文对拍照影响回忆的阐述推知，第一段的目的是引出文章的主题。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Photography “outsources” memories. It works in two ways: We either shake off the responsibility of remembering moments when taking pictures, or we’re so distracted (分散注意力的) by the process that we miss the moment altogether.(摄影“外包”记忆。它在两方面起作用：我们要么在拍照时摆脱了记住时刻的责任，要么在拍照过程中分心，以至于完全错过了那个时刻)”可知，拍照“外包”了回忆是因为人们太过于依赖相机而不是自己的大脑。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Therefore, a photo is an excellent tool to help remember when done purposefully, which is worth exploring further.(因此，照片是一个很好的工具，可以帮助你有目的地记住什么时候做的，这值得进一步探索)”可推知，文章接下来可能会探讨如何照相以便能更好地记忆。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了拍太多的照片不利于人们铭记瞬间的美好，作者鼓励人们应有目的有计划地拍照。A项“We should remember the moment and take photos properly(记住当下，合理拍照)”概括了文章大意。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广东广州中学·期中）It’s long been thought that the earlier you start learning new skills, the easier they are to pick up. The idea that age can play a huge role in a person’s language learning ability is one of the reasons why early childhood was once considered the best time to introduce a second language. However, new research suggests that the human brain, a complex organ capable of constant evolution, has potential for higher learning after adolescence (青春期). This means that even if someone doesn’t start learning a second language until later in life, they can still achieve a high level of proficiency (熟练). “Research says that adults are better learners because we have a lot of self-regulation and we’re very determined when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. However, she believes that factors beyond age, such as being deeply engaged in the language, make a bigger difference in language learning success. “Without exposure to the language, there’s no learning that can happen, early or late.” Factors like a person’s natural ability, their earlier language learning experience, and the frequency of their practice also affect the language learning process, according to The Foreign Service Institute. That said, children and adults do have their own unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to learning a new language. Children tend to learn new languages more naturally, often through play and without relying on translation tools. They adapt quickly but might lack structured learning methods. On the other hand, adults can use strategies like creating their own memory systems or visualization techniques to learn effectively, but they may find it harder to immerse themselves fully in a new language environment given their well-established native language system. Still, Joshua Hartshorne, a research associate professor at the MGH Institute of Health Professions, says, “Language is a dynamic system, and there is always something new and more to learn in terms of vocabulary, grammar, and usage. People have been believing that you have got as good as you’re going to get in a new language within four or five years. But what we saw was actually that, as people continue learning for about 30 years, they continue to get better.” 1.What does the new research show? A. Children have great ability for learning new skills. B. Early childhood is the best time to learn languages. C. The human brain is a complex organ in learning a language. D. Learning a language well is not limited by the learner’s age. 2.What practice best improves the language learning according to Lourdes Ortega? A. Reviewing vocabulary frequently. B. Joining a local language group. C. Setting clear goals for language learning. D. Taking various language courses. 3.What advantage do adults have over children in learning a new language? A. They tend to learn languages in a strategic way. B. They have developed a personal memory system. C. They have formed a structured learning methods. D. They are given a well-established native language system. 4.What does the underlined word “dynamic” probably mean in the last paragraph? A. Confusing. B. Advanced. C. Changing. D. Detailed. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究表明学习语言不受年龄限制，成年人是更好的学习者的原因及儿童和成年人学习语言时各自的优势等。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“However, new research suggests that the human brain, a complex organ capable of constant evolution, has potential for higher learning after adolescence (青春期). This means that even if someone doesn’t start learning a second language until later in life, they can still achieve a high level of proficiency (熟练). (然而，新的研究表明，人类的大脑是一个能够不断进化的复杂器官，在青春期后具有更高的学习潜力。这意味着即使有些人直到晚年才开始学习第二语言，他们仍然可以达到高水平的熟练程度。)”可知新的研究表明即使晚年开学习语言，仍然能达到高水平，也就是学习语言不受年龄限制。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“However, she believes that factors beyond age, such as being deeply engaged in the language, make a bigger difference in language learning success. (然而，她认为年龄以外的因素，比如对语言的深度投入，对语言学习的成功起着更大的作用。)”可知Lourdes Ortega认为对语言的深度投入最能提高语言学习，再综合选项，参加当地的语言小组最符合Lourdes Ortega的观点。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“On the other hand, adults can use strategies like creating their own memory systems or visualization techniques to learn effectively, but they may find it harder to immerse themselves fully in a new language environment given their well-established native language system. (另一方面，成年人可以使用创建自己的记忆系统或可视化技术等策略来有效地学习，但他们可能会发现，由于他们已经建立了母语系统，他们很难完全沉浸在新的语言环境中。)”可知成年人创建自己的记忆系统或可视化技术等策略来有效地学习，也就是他们倾向于以一种战略性的方式学习语言。故选A。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“and there is always something new and more to learn in terms of vocabulary, grammar, and usage (在词汇、语法和用法方面，总是有新的东西需要学习)”故可推测出上文意思是语言是一个动态的或者是变化的系统，所以划线词和Changing同义。故选C。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东广州西关外国语学校·期中）Have you ever made a mistake? Mistakes make us feel silly but everyone makes them. Even scientists, who often appear to know exactly what they are doing, are guilty of having accidents. The truth is, mistakes can often make science exciting because they can open your eyes to possibilities that you might never have considered. Sometimes scientists discover a hidden purpose for an invention that already exists. In the 1940s, American engineer Percy Spencer worked on a radar magnetron (雷达磁控智) to find ships. While he was working, the machine was pointing towards his pocket due to his carelessness. After a while, he noticed that a chocolate bar he had put there had melted (m). Confused, he tried to see if anything else would melt, Spencer put an egg in front of the machine and after a few seconds, the egg exploded. Once he realised that energy from the machine could cook food fast, he designed a box to trap the radiation inside. From that the microwave oven (微波炉) came into being. Ice lollies (冰棍) are an example of a delicious mistake. They were invented when Frank Epperson, a boy in the US, placed a wooden stick in a glass of juice. The juice froze around the stick and when he took it out the next day, he realised what a good idea it was to have something by which to hold a frozen sweet treat. He decided to call his creation a Popsicle. Actually, almost all inventors have something in common. You never know what you’ll discover if you try new things ― and it won’t always be what you planned. As long as you keep an open mind, you might find the next big thing. 1.According to the first paragraph, mistakes ________. A. can push forward scientific development B. can test if a person is silly or smart C. relate closely to our sense of guilt D. come from small daily accidents 2.What was a key to Spencer’s invention of the microwave oven? A. He used a radar magnetron to find ships. B. A chocolate bar melted in the machine. C. The magnetron pointed to his pocket. D. He exploded an egg inside the box he made. 3.What did Frank do to create ice lollies? A. He left a stick in juice. B. He tasted a sweet treat. C. He added sweets to water. D. He placed fruit in a glass 4.According to the author, what do most inventors have in common? A. They keep an open mind about people around them. B. They learn from their mistakes to work efficiently. C. They gain success through repeated failures. D. They see possibilities in their mistakes. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是通过具体事例阐述了错误在科学发现和发明创造中的积极作用，鼓励读者保持开放的心态，勇于尝试新事物。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“The truth is, mistakes can often make science exciting because they can open your eyes to possibilities that you might never have considered. (事实上，错误往往能使科学变得有趣，因为它能让你看到你可能从未考虑过的可能性。)”可知，错误能推动科学发展。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“While he was working, the machine was pointing towards his pocket due to his carelessness. After a while, he noticed that a chocolate bar he had put there had melted. Confused, he tried to see if anything else would melt, Spencer put an egg in front of the machine and after a few seconds, the egg exploded. Once he realised that energy from the machine could cook food fast, he designed a box to trap the radiation inside. From that the microwave oven (微波炉) came into being.(当他工作时，由于粗心，机器指向了他的口袋。过了一会儿，他注意到他放在那里的巧克力棒已经融化了。过了一会儿，他发现他放在那里的一块巧克力已经融化了。斯宾塞很困惑，试图看看是否还有其他东西会融化，斯宾塞将一个鸡蛋放在机器前，几秒钟后，鸡蛋爆炸了。当他意识到机器产生的能量可以快速烹饪食物时，他设计了一个盒子来将辐射捕获在里面。由此微波炉应运而生。)”可知，磁控管指向他的口袋所以他才会注意到机器产生的能量能烹饪食物，这是斯宾塞发明微波炉的关键。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“They were invented when Frank Epperson, a boy in the US, placed a wooden stick in a glass of juice. The juice froze around the stick and when he took it out the next day, he realised what a good idea it was to have something by which to hold a frozen sweet treat. (它们是由美国男孩弗兰克·埃珀森发明的，他把一根木棍放在一杯果汁里。果汁冻在木棍周围，第二天他拿出来时，意识到有一个可以拿着冷冻甜食的东西是个好主意。)”可知，弗兰克把木棍留在果汁里这使得他发明出了冰棍。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Actually, almost all inventors have something in common. You never know what you’ll discover if you try new things―and it won’t always be what you planned. As long as you keep an open mind, you might find the next big thing. (实际上，几乎所有的发明家都有共同点。如果你尝试新事物，你永远不知道你会发现什么——而且它并不总是你计划的那样。只要你保持开放的心态，你可能会发现下一个伟大的事物。)”可知，作者认为大多数发明家的共同点是他们能从错误中看到可能性。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东惠州第一中学-11月·期中）You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. "They" did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. "They" are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as "they" are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish(沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life. In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 1.According to Paragraph 2, creators_________. A. seem willing to experience failures in life B. possess the ability to predict future life C. handle ups and downs of life wisely D. have potential to create something new 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life. B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives. C. Victims can influence more people than creators. D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional. 3.The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that_________. A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims. B. people need family support to deal with challengers in life. C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains. D. one's experiences determine his attitude toward life. 4.What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A. To define victims and creators. B. To evaluate victims against creators. C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators. D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了两种截然不同的人，一种是消极悲观怨天尤人的"受害者"，另一种是积极主动主宰自己命运的"缔造者"。在挫折面前他们表现出不同的态度，作者建议人们要转变心态从命运的"受害者"变成自己命运的主宰者。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。文章第二段描叙了那些积极乐观的人们"They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth．"由此可知他们相信他们在生命中每一个神圣时刻的舞动都是一份礼物，而暴风雨也只是自然生活的一部分，它会带来心灵和精神上成长所需的雨露。他们对待人生的坎坷起伏的态度是很明智的，C选项正确。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。从第三段Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives．推断可知B选项正确。他们是自己命运的主人，主宰着自己人生的方向。本段是总分总结构，首句或是尾句即可得出：创造者和受害者都是生活的决定者。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。第四段首句"In reality，all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives．"即为主题句，意思是：事实上，在我们生活的许多方面我们都扮演着牺牲品或创造者的角色。此后的例子用来作为论据证明此论点，所以A选项正确。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。文章讲述了两种人对待挫折困境的不同态度，不同做法，最后提出文章中心即作者的观点"you can choose to have a fuller，richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within，and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are．"建议人们不做生活的牺牲品，争做生活的创造者。所以D选项正确。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东汕头金山中学·期中）One of the top sources of added sugar in children’s diets in America is in their breakfast cereal (麦片). A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine shows that advertising drives sales of high-sugar cereals when it’s aimed directly at kids under 12 — but not when it is designed for adults. In the study, researchers looked at all cereals bought by 77,000 U.S. households over a nine-year period, between 2008 and 2017. They also looked at Nielsen ratings data, which closely tracked all the ads that people in a household saw — both children and adults. The study showed a clear connection: more ads for children led to more sugary cereal being bought by families. But ads for adults did not lead to more buying. And these extensive data also showed that behaviors that were learned in childhood could track into adulthood, which could lead to poor health outcomes over a lifetime. The study is the first to directly compare the influence of food ads aimed at children with those aimed at adults. The findings offer new evidence of how food marketing turns children into the “final weapon” in influencing family spending because they continuously ask their parents to buy an idea known as “pester power”. The food industry started the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative, a voluntary effort to police itself. The 21 participating food companies made a promise to cut back on marketing unhealthy foods to children under 12 — later revised to under 13. A new study conducted in 2024 showed that children’s contact with cereal ads on TV programming has dropped sharply. But Lindsay Smith Taillie, a food policy researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says these voluntary efforts aren’t making a difference. Advertisements, like kids’ eyeballs, are moving online, making it even harder to know what marketing children are shown, Taillie notes. 1.What mainly drives children to buy sugary cereal? A. Nutritional value promotion. B. Family breakfast traditions. C. Kid-focused marketing strategies. D. Adult-centered advertisements. 2.What does the underlined phrase “pester power” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Parents’ unconditional love. B. Children’s uncontrolled spending. C. Parents’ growing spending. D. Children’s repeated buying requests. 3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. An expectation for further study. B. A limitation of the research method. C. The follow-up influence of the study. D. The potential application of the findings. 4.What is Taillie’s attitude toward the voluntary efforts? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Unconcerned. D. Uncertain. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国儿童早餐麦片中添加糖来源问题，以及针对儿童的食品广告对家庭购买行为的影响，还有相关行业自律措施的效果争议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine shows that advertising drives sales of high-sugar cereals when it’s aimed directly at kids under 12 — but not when it is designed for adults.(《美国预防医学杂志》发表的一项研究表明，当广告直接针对12岁以下儿童时，会推动高糖麦片的销售——但针对成年人的广告则不会。)”可知，面向儿童的营销策略是促使儿童购买高糖麦片的主要原因。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The findings offer new evidence of how food marketing turns children into the “final weapon” in influencing family spending because they continuously ask their parents to buy an idea known as “pester power”.(这些发现提供了新的证据，表明食品营销如何将儿童变成影响家庭支出的“终极武器”，因为他们不断要求父母购买，这一现象被称为“pester power”)”可知，“pester power”指的是儿童通过反复提出购买请求来影响家庭消费的能力。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“The food industry started the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative, a voluntary effort to police itself. The 21 participating food companies made a promise to cut back on marketing unhealthy foods to children under 12 — later revised to under 13. A new study conducted in 2024 showed that children’s contact with cereal ads on TV programming has dropped sharply.(食品行业启动了“儿童食品饮料广告倡议”，这是一项行业自律的自愿举措。21家参与的食品公司承诺减少向12岁以下儿童营销不健康食品——后来修订为13岁以下。2024年进行的一项新研究显示，儿童在电视节目中接触麦片广告的次数大幅下降。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了此前研究带来的后续影响，即食品行业采取的自律措施及相关效果。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But Lindsay Smith Taillie, a food policy researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says these voluntary efforts aren’t making a difference. Advertisements, like kids’ eyeballs, are moving online, making it even harder to know what marketing children are shown, Taillie notes.(但北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的食品政策研究员林赛·史密斯·泰利表示，这些自愿举措并没有起到作用。泰利指出，广告正像孩子们的目光一样转移到网上，这使得了解孩子们接触到哪些营销内容变得更加困难。)”可知，泰利认为行业的自愿举措没有效果，态度是负面的。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东多校联考·期中）When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional ways: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture(做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. As Mathias describes, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented words over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex(运动皮层) — the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures. Another research group led by Leipzig had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both. But it is not only the motor cortex itself that promotes learning. The meaning expressed by the gesture also figures in, “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin-Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class — and it could be used more often and more effectively.” 1.What do we know according to Brian Mathias’ research? A. Those only presented with matching pictures performed better. B. The motor cortex had nothing to do with the vocabulary learning. C. The research concluded that gestures benefited vocabulary learning. D. 22 German-speaking adults and children were chosen as the test subjects. 2.Why was equipment attached to the subjects’ heads during Mathias’ test? A. To count words. B. To record emotion. C. To influence brain activity. D. To give clues to questions. 3.What does Leipzig’s research tell us about language learning? A. Adults and children are equally good learners. B. Pictures have little influence on language learning. C. Pictures are found more helpful than videos for children. D. Benefits of gestures are more obvious in adults in the long run. 4.What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom? A. Make better use of gestures. B. Teach listening in a systematic way. C. Avoid traditional teaching approaches. D. Do some scientific researches on teaching. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究发现利用手势学习外语更有利于记忆单词。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture(做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. (但Brian Mathias的研究团队发现，如果你在学习时用手臂做手势，即使几个月后，你也能更好地记住词汇。)”可知，Brian Mathias的研究总结出运用手势有利于单词学习。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex(运动皮层) — the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements.(与此同时，他们的头上安装了设备，向他们的初级运动皮层——控制自主手臂运动的大脑区域——发送微弱的分散注意力的信号。)”可知，这种设备会影响大脑活动。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both.(两个月后，这两种方法仍然同样有效。但六个月后，成年人从手势中受益比图片更多，而孩子们则从两者中得到了同等的帮助。)”可知，从长远来看，手势学习的好处对成年人更明显。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin-Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class — and it could be used more often and more effectively.”(戈尔丁-梅多说：“我认为我们在课堂上没有充分利用手势。好的老师和好的听众会使用它，但并不总是系统地使用。其他人不一定会把它带到课堂上，但它可以更经常、更有效地使用。”)”可推测出，作者建议老师更充分地使用手势。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广东上进联考·期中）A recent study of 3,000 adults suggests that eating breakfast later in the morning as you get older could be connected to poorer health and a shorter life. Researchers followed the participants for about 22 years on average. During this time, participants reported their health, meal times and, in some cases, provided blood samples. Over time, the researchers noticed that over the years, people started eating breakfast and dinner later, and they also ate all their meals within a shorter time each day. The researchers found that on average, people in the study ate breakfast at around 8:20 a.m. However, those who ate breakfast closer to 9 a.m. or later were more likely to report health issues like feeling sad, low energy, and problems with their teeth. “These results give new meaning to the idea that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, especially for older adults,” said lead author Dr. Hassan Dashti, a nutrition expert. “Our study shows that changes in when older people eat, especially breakfast time, could be an easy way to check their overall health. Also, encouraging older adults to keep regular meal times could be part of wider plans to support healthy aging and a longer life.” This was an observational study, so it does not prove that eating breakfast later causes health problems or early death. It only suggests there might be a connection. In fact, the researchers found that people who were naturally “night owls” — those who wake up and go to bed later — also tended to eat their meals later in the day. The researchers said their findings were of great importance given the growing popularity of intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食), where people choose to fast for longer periods on purpose and often, as a result, end up eating breakfast later in the day. “Later meal timing, especially delaying breakfast, is tied to both health problems and higher risk of death in older adults,” said Dashti. 1.What did the researchers find in their study? A. People don’t eat a regular breakfast. B. Later breakfast is linked to health risks. C. Breakfast time has no effect on health. D. Eating less breakfast is good for the old. 2.What did Dr. Dashti advise older adults to do? A. Think highly of a longer life. B. Keep regular meal times daily. C. Eat breakfast for a shorter time. D. Have their health checked monthly. 3.What might be the disadvantage of the study? A. It didn’t prove a direct cause. B. It lasted for a very long time. C. It only focused on young adults. D. It didn’t consider those night owls. 4.Why did the researchers think their findings were important? A. An eating habit is affecting people. B. Many people forget breakfast for work. C. Health problems are being ignored. D. Older adults are suffering from their diet. 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于早餐时间与健康关系的研究，研究发现早餐吃得晚可能与健康风险有关，并建议老年人保持规律的用餐时间。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers found that on average, people in the study ate breakfast at around 8:20 a.m. However, those who ate breakfast closer to 9 a.m. or later were more likely to report health issues like feeling sad, low energy, and problems with their teeth.(研究人员发现，在这项研究中，人们平均在早上8点20分左右吃早餐。然而，那些在早上9点或更晚吃早餐的人更有可能出现健康问题，比如感到悲伤、精力不足和牙齿问题)”可知，研究人员在他们的研究中发现早餐吃得晚与健康风险有关。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中Dashti的话“Also, encouraging older adults to keep regular meal times could be part of wider plans to support healthy aging and a longer life.(此外，鼓励老年人保持规律的用餐时间可能是支持健康老龄化和延长寿命的更广泛计划的一部分)”可知，Dashti博士建议老年人每天保持规律的用餐时间。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“This was an observational study, so it does not prove that eating breakfast later causes health problems or early death. It only suggests there might be a connection.(这是一项观察性研究，因此它并不能证明早餐吃得太晚会导致健康问题或早逝。它只是表明可能存在联系)”可知，这项研究的缺点是它没有证明直接的因果关系。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The researchers said their findings were of great importance given the growing popularity of intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食), where people choose to fast for longer periods on purpose and often, as a result, end up eating breakfast later in the day.(研究人员指出，鉴于间歇性禁食日益流行，这项研究发现具有重要意义。该饮食模式要求人们刻意延长禁食时长，往往导致每日早餐进食时间大幅推迟)”可知，间歇性禁食日益流行，人们会刻意延长禁食时长，从而导致每日早餐进食时间大幅推迟。而研究发现晚吃早餐这一饮食习惯可能与健康风险有关，所以人员认为他们的发现很重要。故选A项。 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东广州中学·期中）Robert Kurtz finds himself working right in the middle of a composting (堆肥的) revolution. Kurtz is a commercial solutions manager at Rust Belt Riders, a composting company based in Cleveland, Ohio. Its goal is to meet climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible. Wasted food piles up in landfills. As it breaks down, it creates a gas called methane(甲烷). Methane traps heat in the atmosphere. And that fuels climate change. The United States Environmental Protection Agency says the average family in the U. S. spends $1,500 per year on food that doesn’t get eaten. Businesses waste food too. That’s where Kurtz’s job comes in. Every day, Kurtz contacts grocery stores, restaurants, and other food-service businesses. He educates them about the harmful effects of food waste. Then he asks if they’re willing to change the way they deal with their remaining food. So far, Rust Belt Riders has persuaded 300 companies and 2,800 households to do something differently with their food waste. The company’s seven trucks and 30 employees pick up their clients’ extra food. Then they compost it, turning it into soil. Compost soil is much more than just dirt. It’s made up of five ingredients that combine to help plants grow. That’s why Kurtz and his colleagues at Rust Belt Riders offer a second service: they sell the composted, nutrient-rich soil to people and businesses that need it. In addition to partnering with households and businesses, Rust Belt Riders has teamed up with local schools. At Dentzler Elementary, in nearby Parma, Ohio, Rust Belt Riders helps the kitchen staff compost its food remains. The 500 students place their food waste into bins during lunch periods. The bins are then collected by Rust Belt Riders. Emily Cass is a farm-to-school teacher at Dentzler. “This program has created a space for all students to become environmental stewards in their own cafeteria when they might not otherwise have the opportunity,” Cass says. 1.Why was Rust Belt Riders founded? A. To increase food production. B. To recycle extra food. C. To provide jobs in Cleveland. D. To fight climate change. 2.What can we know about Kurt’s job? A. He only contacts bigger businesses. B. He teaches how to deal with waste food. C. He arranges for employees to collect food. D. He makes businesses realize the damaging effects of food waste. 3.What is Cass’s attitude towards the program? A. Favorable. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 4.Which column of the newspaper may the passage come from? A. Literature. B. Fitness. C. Environment. D. Education. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Robert Kurtz成立Rust Belt Riders公司，进行堆肥革命，目标是通过回收尽可能多的食物垃圾来应对气候变化的挑战。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Kurtz is a commercial solutions manager at Rust Belt Riders, a composting company based in Cleveland, Ohio. Its goal is to meet climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible. (库尔茨是位于俄亥俄州克利夫兰的堆肥公司“锈带骑手”的商业解决方案经理。它的目标是通过回收尽可能多的食物垃圾来应对气候变化。)”可知，Rust Belt Riders的目的是应对气候变化。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The United States Environmental Protection Agency says the average family in the U. S. spends $1,500 per year on food that doesn’t get eaten. Businesses waste food too. That’s where Kurtz’s job comes in. (美国环境保护署表示，美国平均每个家庭每年在不被吃掉的食物上花费1500美元。企业也浪费食物。这就是库尔茨的工作所在。)”可知，Kurt的工作是他让企业意识到食物浪费的破坏性影响。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Cass所说““This program has created a space for all students to become environmental stewards in their own cafeteria when they might not otherwise have the opportunity,” Cass says. (卡斯说：“这个项目为所有学生创造了一个空间，让他们在自己的食堂里成为环境管家，否则他们可能没有机会。”)”可知，Cass认为学生可以从这个项目中受益很多，因此推断对于这个项目持支持的态度。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Robert Kurtz finds himself working right in the middle of a composting (堆肥的) revolution. Kurtz is a commercial solutions manager at Rust Belt Riders, a composting company based in Cleveland, Ohio. Its goal is to meet climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible. (罗伯特·库尔茨（Robert Kurtz）发现自己正处于堆肥革命的中心。库尔茨是位于俄亥俄州克利夫兰的堆肥公司“锈带骑手”的商业解决方案经理。它的目标是通过回收尽可能多的食物垃圾来应对气候变化。)”可知，本文主要讲述了Robert Kurtz成立Rust Belt Riders公司，进行堆肥革命，目标是通过回收尽可能多的食物垃圾来应对气候变化的挑战，保护环境。因此推断文章应来自报纸的环境栏目，故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东广州中学·期中）Save the gorilla (大猩猩)! Protect tigers! Help the giant kangaroo rats! You’ve probably heard the first two slogans but maybe not the last one. We’re often interested in supporting the protection of animals like gorillas and tigers but less concerned for creatures like rats. Are our stereotypes (刻板印象) affecting which animals we choose to protect? Researchers have studied how people view animals based on two qualities: “warmth” (how friendly we think they are) and “competence” (how capable they seem). Animals we see as companions, such as dogs and monkeys, score high in both warmth and competence. This makes us eager to protect them. Predators (捕食者) like tigers and bears are seen as competent but not very warm. While some people admire these animals, others may fear or hunt them. Animals viewed as prey (猎物), like cows and rabbits, often receive less attention, but people are prepared to actively harm those considered pests, such as rats and mice. However, this might not be the full story. National Geographic Magazine asked their readers which animals were the most important to save. Four of the top five fit the companion or predator types-elephants, tigers, whales and polar bears. But the most popular animal to save was the bee. It seems that apart from concerns around warmth and competence, people are aware how species can affect the wider ecosystem and value bees as pollinators (传粉者). At present, 27,000 species are becoming extinct every year. How do zoos and protection projects decide which animals to support? One factor is the importance of an animal to the wider ecosystem, but this can lead to some difficult choices. It’s reported that in Australia, koalas are much less important to the ecosystem than some lesser-known animals such as woylies. However, they also suggest a solution to this issue. To conserve cute animals, such as koalas, it’s important to protect their entire habitat-and this can save a wide variety of species. It could be that many animals can be sheltered by koalas’ cuteness. 1.What’s the focus of the research? A. How human views affect animal protection efforts. B. What qualities different types of animal species have. C. How human activities influence wildlife populations. D. What characteristics affect public interest in species. 2.What do we know from paragraph 2? A. Companions are more capable than others. B. Predators are always feared and hunted. C. Animals seen as friendly are more protected. D. Pests are generally well-liked by people. 3.Why are bees an important species to save? A. They are popular pets among humans. B. They rank high in warmth and competence. C. They are the largest pollinators in ecosystems. D. They support species variety through pollination. 4.What’s the purpose of mentioning koalas in the last paragraph? A. To highlight the popularity of certain cute animals. B. To offer suggestions on effective koalas protection. C. To stress the difficulty of making conservation decisions. D. To inform readers of the importance of habitat protection. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人类对不同动物的观点会影响动物保护工作，以及生态系统中各物种的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据首段中的“Are our stereotypes (刻板印象) affecting which animals we choose to protect?(我们的刻板印象是否影响了我们选择保护哪些动物？)”以及第二段中的“Researchers have studied how people view animals based on two qualities: “warmth” (how friendly we think they are) and “competence” (how capable they seem). Animals we see as companions, such as dogs and monkeys, score high in both warmth and competence. This makes us eager to protect them. (研究人员研究了人们基于两个特质来如何看待动物：“温暖”（我们认为它们有多友好）和“能力”（它们看起来有多能干）。像狗和猴子这样的伴侣动物在温暖和能力上都得分很高，这使我们热切地想要保护它们。)”可知，第一段通过提问的方式引出下文讲述的研究，第二段介绍的是人们对不同类型动物的态度影响是否保护这些动物，由此可知，研究关注的是人类的观点如何影响动物保护工作。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Animals we see as companions, such as dogs and monkeys, score high in both warmth and competence. This makes us eager to protect them.(我们视为同伴的动物，如狗和猴子，在温暖和能力方面得分都很高，这使我们热切地想要保护它们。)”可知，被视为友好的动物更可能得到人们的保护。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But the most popular animal to save was the bee. It seems that apart from concerns around warmth and competence, people are aware how species can affect the wider ecosystem and value bees as pollinators (传粉者).(但是，最受欢迎的保护动物是蜜蜂。看来，除了对温暖和能力的关注外，人们还意识到物种如何影响更广泛的生态系统，并重视蜜蜂作为传粉者的角色。)”可知，人们认识到某些物种对更大生态系统的重要性，由此可知，蜜蜂是重要的需要保护的物种的原因是它们通过授粉支持物种多样性。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“To conserve cute animals, such as koalas, it’s important to protect their entire habitat-and this can save a wide variety of species. It could be that many animals can be sheltered by koalas’ cuteness.(为了保护像考拉这样的可爱动物，保护它们的整个栖息地至关重要——这可以拯救多种多样的物种。可能许多动物因为考拉的可爱而得到庇护。)”可知，为了保护动物的栖息地有助于保护该物种，所以，这样做可以保护更多的物种，由此可知，文章提到考拉是为了告知读者保护栖息地的重要性。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广东上进联考·期中）A dozen children play at a family fishing camp on a beach of Isla Partida, off Mexico’s Baja California. Fathers and uncles sit in the shade, fixing fishing nets. These men are the fourth generation to make a living by catching fish, including sharks. Most of them hope their children will not follow in their footsteps. Paloma, 15, wears a T-shirt with a picture of a hammerhead shark （锤头鲨）, the logo of a local conservation group called Pelagios Kakunja. Paloma wants to be a marine biologist when she grows up. Her parents support her dream. Nowadays, it takes more time and fuel to find sharks, so fishing does not bring much money. Now, her father hopes to get paid to study sharks instead of killing them. Her family is part of a project run by Pelagios Kakunja. The group plans to train 30 fishers in Baja California as field technicians, who will drive a boat to look for sharks, take blood and tissue samples from the sharks, and use underwater cameras to record videos. One shark they’re looking for is the scalloped hammerhead. In the 1980s and 1990s, there were hammerheads everywhere. Unluckily, the number of the scalloped hammerhead began to collapse quickly in Baja. By 2012, there was nearly nothing left. Overfishing, they concluded, was the main reason. Soon, Mexico made shark fishing illegal from May to July, which helps protect sharks during their breeding season. And sharks are starting to come back. Last year, researchers caught and tagged a young hammerhead for the first time in Cabo Pulmo National Park. This is a protected ocean area near the southern end of Baja California. More fishers are also joining the ecotourism industry. Baja is a famous place for swimming with or watching blue sharks and white sharks. Shark-related tourism brings in over $300 million each year around the world, and this number is likely to double in the next 20 years. 1.Why does the author introduce Paloma in the beginning? A. To describe her family life. B. To show a changing tradition. C. To explain why people love sharks. D. To praise a conservation group. 2.What do we know about Pelagios Kakunja from the text? A. It sells T-shirts to tourists. B. It helps fishers make money quickly. C. It trains fishers to protect sharks. D. It teaches fishers to catch more sharks. 3.What does the underlined word “collapse” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Increase rapidly. B. Change slowly. C. Remain similarly. D. Drop suddenly. 4.What does the author want to say in the last paragraph? A. Fishing is still the best job. B. Sharks are too dangerous. C. Protecting sharks brings advantages. D. Tourism is harming the ocean. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，讲述墨西哥下加利福尼亚地区渔民从捕鲨谋生到参与鲨鱼保护的转变，介绍相关保护项目及鲨鱼保护带来的生态与经济益处。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“These men are the fourth generation to make a living by catching fish, including sharks. Most of them hope their children will not follow in their footsteps.(这些人是第四代以捕鱼（包括捕鲨）为生的人，大多数人希望他们的孩子不要追随他们的脚步。)”以及第二段中帕洛玛想成为海洋生物学家、其父亲希望研究鲨鱼而非捕杀鲨鱼的内容可知，作者开篇介绍帕洛玛，是为了体现当地捕鲨谋生的传统正在改变。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The group plans to train 30 fishers in Baja California as field technicians, who will drive a boat to look for sharks, take blood and tissue samples from the sharks, and use underwater cameras to record videos.(该组织计划培训30名下加利福尼亚的渔民成为野外技术人员，他们将驾船寻找鲨鱼，采集鲨鱼的血液和组织样本，并用水下相机拍摄视频。)”可知，Pelagios Kakunja组织的核心工作是培训渔民参与鲨鱼保护。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“In the 1980s and 1990s, there were hammerheads everywhere. Unluckily, the number of the scalloped hammerhead began to collapse quickly in Baja. By 2012, there was nearly nothing left.(在20世纪80年代和90年代，锤头鲨随处可见。不幸的是，下加利福尼亚地区的双髻鲨数量开始迅速collapse。到2012年，几乎所剩无几。)”可知，“collapse”在此处指数量“突然下降”。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Last year, researchers caught and tagged a young hammerhead for the first time in Cabo Pulmo National Park. This is a protected ocean area near the southern end of Baja California. More fishe$ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东茂名第一中学-10月·期中）China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电动汽车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands (品牌). China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery quality and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电站). On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 1.How many Chinese-made EVs were sold in China in 2023? A. 8.29 million. B. 8.38 million. C. 9.49 million. D. 9.58 million. 2.What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A. To introduce different EV brands in China. B. To give some information about Auto China. C. To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. D. To show the development of China’s EV industry. 3.EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by ________. A. Adding more charging points. B. Dealing with environmental problems. C. Improving innovation ability. D. Winning the government’s support. 4.What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain. C. Hopeful. D. Worried. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东中山纪念中学）American consumers are reported to spend roughly $960 billion this holiday season. But retailers (零售商) expect returns to take up almost 20 percent of those sales. That return wave comes up mainly because people usually make a lot of mistakes when giving presents, says Julian Givi, a marketing expert who has been studying gifting practices. Giving good gifts may not seem like a research-worthy topic. But positive gift exchanges can help businesses struggling to deal with amounts of returns as well as improve social relationships. Most importantly, giving better gifts could take pressure off the environment. In 2020, some 2.6 million tons of returned products in the United States ended up as landfill waste. Most of these studies were also done in the U.S. and U.K. The studies centered on the cultural factor. For instance, we often give the gifts around the holidays. But what we find is that recipients (接受者) actually prefer emotional gifts more than what givers expect. But if in a culture where you are going to get laughed at for giving an emotional gift, then I would say you won’t give a similar gift. However, the limitation on this body of research work is that it’s focused on adults. It’s a lot easier to get green light to do research on people who are 18 and older. Gift givers often focus on that “aha” moment, the moment when the ribbons and bow come off. Recipients focus more on long-term uses. Research shows that people are misguided on how much surprise is important. However, recipients actually like things that they request better. It had been widely known that gift givers were simply encouraged by a desire to please recipients. Actually, people often give gifts that meet their own desires rather than the desires of recipients. In other words, people would be a whole lot better at giving gifts if they could just get their sense of their own worth out of the way. Therefore, a better gift giver should take what recipients really want into consideration. 1.What does the author value most in giving gifts? A. Increasing gift sales. B. Improving social relationships. C. Reducing environmental harm. D. Bettering communication skills. 2.How does the author explain the cultural influence of giving gifts? A. By listing data. B. By giving examples. C. By asking questions. D. By making comparisons. 3.What does the underlined word “aha” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Amazing. B. Moving. C. Annoying. D. Disappointing. 4.What’s the advice for a better gift giver? A. Buying high quality gifts. B. Meeting gift givers’ desire. C. Stressing recipients’ preference. D. Sending gifts for different purposes. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·广东湛江第一中学-10月·期中）As a student at Howard University in Washington, D.C., Martino Wilkerson had to be at his lifeguard job at 5:15 am, and his bicycle was his key transport. Wilkerson is among 870,000 people who bike to work. While the data show that only 0.6% of Americans bike to work, supporters of cycling say “active transportation” will, in the long run, increase income (收入), save money, and help economic growth. Studies in Bicycling Means Business show that cycling-related activities add nearly 18 billion in tax revenue. The effect on individuals can be even greater. A study reports that the average yearly cost of a car is 70,000 a year spend nearly 20% of their income on transportation. “So if you can change that, or even cut that expense in half, you have just made a more affordable city for yourself to live in,” says Mike Sule, director of Asheville on Bikes. It’s why D.C.’s decision six years ago to teach all second graders to ride a bike is not only about health and fun but also about the economy. The program is the idea of Miriam Kenyon, director for fitness education. The idea for the program came when she invited a local group to teach bike safety and discovered that a significant percentage of children as old as 10 didn’t know how to ride a bike. “Children who learn to ride bikes early tend to stick with it through their whole life and become healthier adults. Furthermore, the public health effect is also an economic effect for the society,” says Jenny Liu, professor at the Toulan School. “If we have healthier people who are more active, it obviously drives the costs of health care down.” 1.Why is Martino Wilkerson mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To lead in the topic. B. To tell an interesting story. C. To express the concern for bikers. D. To show a personal point. 2.How can riding a bike do good to individuals according to Mike Sule? A. It can increase their income. B. It keeps them healthier. C. It provides a more beautiful city. D. It cuts down their living cost. 3.What made Kenyon get the idea of teaching second graders to bike? A. A lesson. B. A report. C. A car accident. D. An economy program. 4.What is Jenny Liu’s attitude towards kids’ riding bikes? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Favorable. D. Uncaring. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·广东深圳高级中学·期中）Many people think that, because freezing and then unfreezing food will break down vitamins (维生素), frozen vegetables and fruits must be less nutritious than fresh ones. When fruits and vegetables are picked from plants, they still do things like “breathing”, and over time, their vitamins start to break down. That is just how nature works. Before fruits and vegetables get to supermarkets or local markets, they have to be carried, stored, and then finally brought to people’s homes. This whole trip often takes a long time, and during this period, their vitamins slowly disappear. But for frozen fruits and vegetables, right after they’re picked, they will be quickly frozen at -18°C. At this temperature the “breathing” almost stops, and tiny living things can’t grow. Freezing helps keep vitamins in fruits and vegetables safe — it doesn’t hurt them, and it might even help. Experts from the U.S. Department of Agriculture looked at common things in fruits and vegetables, such as vitamin C, B vitamins, polyphenols (多酚), and carotenoids (类胡萝卜素). They checked products sold in markets and found that while frozen and fresh vegetables might have small differences in some things, overall, they’re not that different. In fact, sometimes frozen fruits and vegetables keep more of these vitamins than fresh ones do. Scientists from Sheffield Hallam University in the UK studied 37 kinds of food and found that both frozen green beans and fresh green beans have high levels of beta-carotene after being cooked. For these reasons, international health groups say that both frozen fruits and vegetables and fresh ones are acceptable. The old idea that “frozen fruits and vegetables are low quality” is no longer true. 1.What can we infer about people’s attitudes toward frozen food in the past? A. They thought it was not as good as fresh food B. They didn’t know how to store fresh vegetables C. They believed it had more vitamins than fresh food D. They preferred frozen food because it was cheaper 2.What do we know about picked fruits and vegetables? A. They begin to protect peels B. They stop breathing quickly C. Temperatures affect their vitamins D. Sellers care about their appearance 3.What do experts and scientists find about frozen produce? A. They lose vitamins once cooked B. They may maintain more nutrients C. They have more types of vitamins D. They are delicious for a short time 4.What is the suitable title for the text? A. Frozen vs Fresh: Similar Quality? B. Frozen Food: Less Safe Than Fresh? C. Storing Vegetables: Tips for Freezing D. Markets: Selling More Frozen Foods 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·广东四校联考·期中）When we are young, we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals. We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful. As we get older, however, we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest animals. In fact, the animal that kills the most people is one that you are familiar with: the mosquito (蚊子). While it may seem that all mosquitoes are biters, this is not actually the case. Male mosquitoes eat plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on animal blood. When a female mosquito bites a human being, it transmits (传播) saliva into the blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. The result of the bite can be minor or as serious as death. Because a mosquito can bite many people in its life, it can carry deadly diseases from one person to another very easily. More than 700 million people become sick from these diseases every year. At least 2 million of these people will die from these diseases. In some households, mosquito nets are placed over beds to protect people against being bitten. Mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish. Bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the number of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays. But these sprays may also harm other plants or animals. Although mosquitoes may not seem as scary as larger, more powerful animals, they are far more dangerous to human beings. But things are changing. It is highly likely that one day scientists will find a way to keep everyone safe from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. 1.Why does the passage mention dangerous animals like tigers and sharks? A. To compare different animals. B. To lead into the topic about mosquitoes. C. To show how dangerous tigers and sharks are. D. To show people’s misunderstanding of dangerous animals. 2.What can we learn about mosquitoes? A. Female mosquitoes might transmit diseases to humans. B. The saliva of female mosquitoes contains deadly diseases. C. Male mosquitoes and female mosquitoes have the same eating habits. D. More than 700 million people die from the diseases carried by the mosquitoes. 3.What’s paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Scientists are making efforts to kill mosquitoes. B. Some useful measures are taken to kill mosquitoes. C. There is no perfect solution to the mosquito problem. D. Mosquitoes’ natural enemies could protect human beings. 4.What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of solving the mosquito problem? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Unclear. D. Negative. 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东广州培正、三中和四中联考·期中）At this time of year, thousands of British tourists are heading to the Austrian ski slopes (斜坡), attracted not just by the snow tracks (跑道) but also by the pretty villages, great food and drink, and, the Austrian lifesaver for parents, the kid-friendly hotel. Confusing, then, a recent survey by InterNations on Expat-Friendly Places has put Austria the worst country in the world (well, out of 53 countries) for “local friendliness”. As a frequent visitor to Austria, I must admit being confused. I’ve had many experiences there, but none that I would call the least bit unfriendly. Take my most recent trip there last weekend for example. Vienna in winter is beautiful and, if you’re lucky, you may have some snow — despite which, the transport systems such as buses and subways continue to work well. Food markets here open early and I began at the most famous, the Naschmarkt, with its two main streets, one for restaurants, the other for food stalls (摊位). But instead of the expected rude traders, I was surrounded by encouraging smiles! So far, so friendly. So, if Austrians are funny, how can they also be unfriendly? This is the place, after all, where they invented a best-selling chocolate known as Mozart balls (after their most outstanding composer), ballet for horses (at Vienna’s Spanish Riding School), and the favourite night-time snack of sausages. Did I say formal? That is, perhaps, at the root of the misunderstanding. Austrians like going to balls and wearing their traditional clothes. They are super polite and helpful to lost tourists. That’s not to say you can’t anger an Austrian. For example, being late is not to be allowed. My point is that you get the best of the two countries closest to them: Everything works (as in Germany) and they like to have fun (as in Italy). And I’m not alone in my opinion. According to the Global Liveability Index, Vienna is the best city to live in on the planet and it has worn that particular crown for the past 10 years. Perhaps, in this situation, the statistics (统计学) have rather missed the point. 1.Why are British tourists mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To show they are the friendliest tourists. B. To interest us with a confusing situation. C. To introduce the topic of tourism. D. To compare them with Austrians. 2.What happened to the author at the Naschmarkt? A. He came across polite traders. B. He lost his way at the food markets. C. He was inspired to smile even in winter. D. He was confused by the transportation systems. 3.What do we know about Austrians? A. They are serious. B. They like to be on time. C. They are unfriendly. D. They like formal uniforms. 4.What’s the author’s attitude towards Austrian’s bad name? A. Indifferent. B. Favorable. C. Unclear. D. Opposed. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东深圳罗湖高级中学·期中）There is an old saying that America and Britain are “two nations divided by a common language.” No one knows exactly who said this, but it reflects the way many Brits feel about American English. But are American and British English really so different? Vocabulary The most obvious difference between American and British English is vocabulary. For example, Americans go on vacation while Brits go on holidays; New Yorkers live in apartments while Londoners live in flats. There are far more examples than we can talk about here. Fortunately, most Americans and Brits can usually guess the meaning through the context of a sentence. Past Tense Verbs You’ll also find some differences with past forms of irregular verbs. The past tense of “learn” in American English is “learned”. British English has the option (选择) of “learned” or “learnt”. The same rule applies to “dreamed” and “dreamt”, “burned” and “burnt”, and “leaned” and “leant”. Americans tend to use the -ed ending; Brits tend to use the -t ending. Spelling There are hundreds of slight spelling differences between British and American English. Noah Webster, an author, politician and teacher, made an effort to reform English spelling in the late 1700s. Webster wanted to spell words the way they sounded. You can see Webster’s legacy (遗产) in the American spelling of words like color (from colour), honor (from honour), and labor (from labour). Not So Different After All British and American English have far more similarities than differences. With the exception of some regional dialects (方言), most Brits and Americans can understand each other without too much difficulty. They watch each other’s TV shows, sing each other’s songs and read each other’s books. They even make fun of each other’s accents. 1.Which of the following is a group of American words? A. Vacation; holiday. B. Apartment; flat. C. Vacation; apartment. D. Holiday; flat. 2.What do we know about British and American English from the last paragraph? A. They both have some strange words. B. They are affecting people using them. C. They connect people of the two countries. D. Their differences have little effect on communication. 3.Where is the text most likely from? A. A diary. B. A magazine. C. A guidebook. D. A novel. 主题语境06 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·广东中山纪念中学）A new study has found that including climate impact labels (标签) on a fast food menu influenced participants’ food choices in favor of more climate-friendly items. Study lead author Julia Wolfson, professor in the Department of International Health at the Bloomberg School, and her co-authors wanted to test how labeling climate change impacts (影响) of fast food menu items might lead people to choose less red meat. Eating too much red meat has been linked to many health problems. Eating less red meat would also help give off fewer greenhouse gases. More than 5,000 participants were shown a sample menu and asked to choose a single item for dinner. One group of participants received a menu with non-red meat items such as chicken sandwiches labeled “low climate impact”. Another group received a menu with red meat items-burgers labeled “high climate impact”. A third control group received menus without climate labels. Both the high and low climate impact labels markedly reduced red meat choices compared to the control group. Menus with a high climate impact label on burgers increased non-beef choices by 23 percent compared to the control group. Menus that included low climate impact labels increased non-beef choices, such as a chicken sandwich or a salad, by about 10 percent more participants than those in the control group. “These results suggest that menu labeling, particularly labels warning that an item has high climate impact, can be an effective strategy for encouraging more climate-friendly food choices in a fast food setting,” says Wolfson. While encouraging on the whole the results suggest that positive “low climate impact” labels are less effective in encouraging sustainable food choices compared to “high climate impact” labels. At the same time, climate labels may have the unwanted side effect of making a choice seem healthier than it actually is. “A misplaced health halo (光环) given to unhealthy menu items could encourage people to overeat them,” Wolfson says. “So we have to look for labeling strategies that create ‘win-wins’ for encouraging both more sustainable and healthy choices.” 1.What does the new study plan to do? A. Encourage sustainable fast food choices. B. Decide the best general food labeling method. C. Find out red meat’s connection to health problems. D. Discover climate labels’ effect on fast food choices. 2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The process of the study. B. The results of the study. C. The influence of the study. D. The importance of the study. 3.What possible side effect could climate labels cause? A. Overeating of red meat. B. An increase in sustainable food choices. C. Confusion among customers. D. A misunderstanding of food healthiness. 4.What is Wolfson’s attitude towards climate impact labels on food? A. Supportive. B. Careful. C. Objective. D. Doubtful. 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·广东湛江第一中学-10月·期中）Bruce has been missing the upper part of his beak (喙) since at least 2012. This makes the parrot look different. But scientists are more surprised at what he can do in spite of his injury. When he was saved, this young bird, just at the age he was learning to fly, went to live at the Willowbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch, southern New Zealand. Long, sharp beaks help parrots find insects in the woods. Bruce’s injured beak means he couldn’t forage on his own. Normally, these birds use their beaks to keep their feathers (羽毛) clean, but Bruce couldn’t. However, researchers noticed that Bruce had his own way to do it. First, he looks for his tool among small pointy stones. He then rolls a few stones around in his mouth with his tongue until he finds one that he likes. He holds the chosen stone between his tongue and lower beak to pick through his feathers. This behavior didn’t come from the wild. When Bruce arrived at Willowbank, he was too young to learn it. And no other bird at Willowbank uses stones this way. “It seems like he just creates this tool for himself,” says Amalia Bastos, who researches how animals understand the world. Tool use is just one of parrots’ many skills. The birds are famous for copying—and perhaps even understanding—human speech. These make the birds seem quite smart. But studying intelligence (智力) is difficult, especially in animals other than humans. Researchers once thought these skills made humans special. But some other animals also practice these skills, such as dolphins and elephants. So do parrots. Even so, parrots may not be an obvious choice for studying human-like intelligence. Parrots’ bodies are very different than ours. Their brains also look quite simple compared to ours. But studies over the last 10 years are highlighting the hidden powers of bird brains. And those powers suggest parrots may be able to teach us about what human-like intelligence is like. 1.What can be learned about Bruce before he lived at Willowbank? A. He was badly hurt. B. He was kept at a zoo. C. He had learnt how to fly. D. He was lost in the woods. 2.Which best explains the word “forage” underlined in paragraph 3? A. Cry out for help. B. Turn up in time. C. Search for food. D. Live with others. 3.What can we infer about Bruce? A. He learnt the skill in the wild. B. He taught himself to use tools. C. He often looked for small round stones. D. He liked to roll stones around in his mouth. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. How an Injured Parrot Lived B. Taking Action to Protect Parrots C. Scientists Raise Young Parrots in the Lab D. Parrots May Be Smarter than We Thought 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东深圳高级中学·期中）There are two kinds of parents in modern America, says Alison Gopnik in her recent book, The Gardener and the Carpenter. The carpenter (木匠) thinks that his or her child can be shaped. “The idea is that if you just do the right things, get the right skills, read the right books, you’re going to be able to shape your child into a particular kind of adult,” she says. The gardener, on the other hand, is less concerned about controlling who the child will become and instead provides a protected space to explore. The style is all about creating a rich, loving but also variable ecosystem. We assume that children need to be taken care of for a long time. Having that long period of childhood gives you this protected period. And childhood gives you a chance to master that new environment. A lot of the things that seem kind of strange about children - the fact that they’re so creative, so imaginative, so exploratory and yet so bad at taking care of themselves — kind of fit that picture. Gopnik, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, says that many parents are carpenters, but they should really create that garden. She spent many years researching children’s development and found that parents often focus too much on who their children will be as adults. The harm in that approach, she says, is that parents and their children may become worried, stressed or unhappy. “We’re so concerned about how these children are going to turn out that we’re unwilling to give them the freedom that they need to be able to take risks and go out and explore the world,” she says. Interestingly, the less that mothers and fathers worry about outcomes (结果), she says, the better their children may perform in life. 1.How does the carpenter raise children? A. By leaving them to grow naturally. B. By shaping them through planned effort. C. By creating a colorful garden to have fun. D. By providing everything to meet their needs. 2.What does Gopnik think of the gardener’s way of raising children? A. Common and ordinary. B. Fruitless and outdated. C. Unwise and unrealistic. D. Practical and advisable. 3.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Focusing too much on children’s future. B. Providing a safe and happy growing space. C. Allowing children to take various risks. D. Giving children too much freedom. 4.What’s the passage mainly about? A. The advantages and disadvantages of parenting styles. B. An introduction to American ways of child raising. C. A comparison of two kinds of parenting styles. D. An analysis of the best way of child raising. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东广州西关外国语学校·期中）There is already much evidence that volunteering benefits adults’ physical and mental health. Now, scientists have found similar links to both physical and mental health in adolescents. A 2023 analysis found that among more than 50,000 adolescents in the National Survey of Children’s Health, young people who had participated in community service or had volunteered over the previous 12 months were more likely to be in good health and stayed calm and in control when faced with challenges, and the adolescents were less likely to be anxious. Admittedly, those findings are only correlations (相关性). “It could be that the children who were volunteering were already in great health,” says study co-leader Kevin Lanza. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, he believes that the early findings are promising enough to dig into. A 2021 report warned that the percentage of young people suffering from constant sadness or hopelessness had increased by 40 percent over the previous decade. When looking for ways to address it, researchers point to the role of “contribution” - providing support or resources to others or helping to achieve a shared goal - as an important piece of social and emotional development for adolescents. Young people have a developmental need to connect and belong. “Part of the exploration of adolescence and young adulthood is figuring out where you can be needed and useful - arguably key aspects of our mental health,” says developmental psychologist Andrew Fuligni. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute. The importance of mattering to others and to the larger world translates really well to the needs of adolescents to have a meaningful role to play in their community. However, there may be a potential disadvantage of volunteering. Scientists have found that young people’s mental health can suffer if they feel their contributions are thought lowly of because of their sex, racial or ethnic identity or they are forced to participate. Thus, adults can help by offering choices and by vetting (审查) volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience. 1.What does Lanza think about the findings in 2023? A. They are valuable and worth further exploration. B. They discover teenagers face more mental health issues. C. They show volunteering increases adults’ overall well-being. D. They prove the willingness to volunteer determines children’s health. 2.How does “contribution” address adolescents’ mental problems? A. By curing them of the mental problems. B. By helping them gain praise and support. C. By enabling them to find a sense of purpose. D. By meeting the need of more volunteers now. 3.Who may suffer from volunteering according to the text? A. John, a disabled boy who did community service work. B. Taylor, a black girl who was praised for helping others. C. Tom, a kind child who helped in a school as a volunteer. D. Jessica, a high school student who hesitated to volunteer. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A. The importance of doing voluntary working. B. The approach to volunteering by contributing. C. The seriousness of adolescents’ mental health issues. D. The impact of volunteering on adolescents’ mental health. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广东执信中学·期中）If a stranger knocked on your door asking to use your phone, would you help? How about lending them five dollars for the bus, if they said they’d return and pay you back? Nowadays, many people find it hard to trust strangers. A recent study found that our ability to trust strangers may be more than just a social or psychological characteristic — it could be rooted in our DNA. This is important, as it turns out that trusting people might actually live longer and healthier lives compared to more skeptical (怀疑的) people. Two main theories have appeared to explain why some people are more trusting than others. One suggests trust is a stable characteristic shaped by early life experiences. The other thinks it’s influenced by a person’s ongoing evaluation of the social environment. We can easily imagine that the answer to the question “Would you say that most people can be trusted?” would depend on whether you’d been robbed the day before or if you’d had your missing wallet returned. This is where the recent research comes in. A professor of Lund University, Edgerton and his coworkers have been doing research about trust. In their most recent study, involving 33,882 Danish blood donors, they found a single gene — PLPP4, strongly associated with the personality of trusting others, and that the PLPP4 gene explained 6% of the difference in social trust within the study population. If you take two people who have similar education and life experiences, this gene alone could account for 6% of the difference in how much they trust others. They believe that the PLPP4 gene may somehow soften our “fight-or-flight” survival response. If our fight-or-flight system is less strong when we meet new people, it makes sense that trusting others could have huge health benefits. Indeed, if trusting others acts as something against stress, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. As people continue to uncover the mysteries of trust, one thing is clear: understanding its genetic roots may hold the key to developing healthier communities in the world. 1.What might affect people’s trust levels according to the two main theories? A. Childhood habits. B. Personal abilities. C. Social experiences. D. Communication skills. 2.What does the recent study focus on? A. The mental cause of trust. B. The ways to develop survival ability. C. The characteristics of different genes in the blood. D. The connection between trust and a biological factor. 3.What does the passage say about trusting others? A. It has positive health effects. B. It reduces the strong stress in work. C. It helps to develop the world faster. D. It causes quicker survival response. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Two theories explain why people are trusted. B. Life experiences contribute to people’s trust levels. C. A gene that can influence how trusting people are discovered. D. Scientists have found a link between biology and social science. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东深圳第二实验学校-12月·期中）Researchers have found that dogs share many emotions with humans, including fear, anger, sadness, and joy, but how do dogs express these emotions, particularly happiness, and can it be identified as a facial signal like a human smile? Unlike humans, dogs have a muzzle (动物的鼻口部分) built differently from our mouths. Aided by powerful muscles, their muzzles are designed for strength, not flexibility. They’re used as devices to attack, or tools to catch things. Strength and flexibility often conflict (冲突) with each other. As a result, the muscle that provides strength to the muzzle also lessens the control and flexibility of the dog’s lips, limiting the variety of facial expressions that dogs can make with their mouths. The small number of available facial signals is reserved for only a few major emotional expressions, but these can still be observed and easily translated. When a dog feels happy and at ease, usually during comfortable moments with loved ones, its eyes appear soft and calm, and its mouth is relaxed and slightly open with the tongue gently resting over the lower teeth. This expression, with body language such as ears up but not forward and a tail that’s at a natural low position, is very similar to a human smile. Although there has been much recent systematic research that has proved that the slightly open mouth and visible tongue are the closest that we can come to a relaxed and satisfied smile in dogs, it turns out that it is not a modern discovery. In ancient Egypt, children’s toys were often made in the shape of dogs. Such toys frequently featured a face with an extended tongue lapping out over the front of the open mouth, thus copying the smile of a dog. A rough translation of the typical terms used to describe these is “happy dog” or “laughing dog” toys. Somehow, without formal training, most of us can naturally recognize when a dog is smiling and they certainly do smile. 1.What do we know about dogs’ facial expressions? A. They are as varied as humans’. B. They are similar to those of other animals. C. They are limited by dogs’ facial structure. D. They are unable to express emotions. 2.How can we identify a dog’s smile? A. By watching body movements. B. By mixing several signals. C. By examining its surroundings. D. By observing facial expressions. 3.What does the author want to show by mentioning ancient Egyptian toys? A. The significance of dog research. B. The ancient toys’ advanced design. C. The connection between dogs and joy. D. The past recognition of dogs’ smiling. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Discover the Happiness of Dogs. B. The Science Behind Dogs’ Smile. C. Do Dogs or Humans Express Emotions Better? D. Do Humans Really Understand Their Best Friend? Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东广州五中·12月段考）The sun is setting, brightening your kids’ faces as they play in the waves. You reach for your phone for this perfect moment. But before you do, here’s a bit of surprising science: Taking photos is not the perfect way to keep memory as you think. Taking too many pictures could actually harm the brain’s ability to keep memories, says Elizabeth Loftus, a psychology professor at the University of California, Irvine. So we get the photo but kind of lose the memory. Photography “outsources” memories. It works in two ways: We either shake off the responsibility of remembering moments when taking pictures, or we’re so distracted (分散注意力的) by the process that we miss the moment altogether. The first explanation is the loss of memory. People know that their camera is recording that moment, so they don’t try to remember. Similarly, if you write down someone’s phone number, you’re less likely to remember it offhand because your brain tells you there’s just no need. That’s all well and good — until that piece of paper goes missing. The other is distraction. We’re distracted by the process of taking a photo — how we hold our phone, composing the photo, such as smiling faces, the background to our liking and clear image, all of which uses up our attention that could otherwise help us memorize. However, taking photos can benefit memory — when done mindfully. While taking a photo may be distracting, the act of preparation by focusing on visual (视觉的) details around has some upsides. When people take the time to zoom in (拉近镜头) on specific things, memories become strengthened. Another benefit is that we recall moments more accurately (准确的) with the photos. Memory has been reshaped with the help of new information and new experiences. Thus, photos or videos help us recall moments as if they really happened. Memories die away without a visual record backing them up. Therefore, a photo is an excellent tool to help remember when done purposefully, which is worth exploring further. 1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To show the interest in taking photos. B. To make us think of similar experience. C. To introduce readers to the topic. D. To call on readers not to take photos. 2.Why does photography “outsource” memories? A. People depend more on photos to remember than their brains. B. Photos are more detailed and attractive than memories. C. Taking photos is helpful for us to memorize what we like most. D. Many sources influence people’s memories during photo-taking. 3.What may likely be discussed next? A. When distraction is most likely to happen. B. How to use photo-taking to memorize better. C. How to stay focused while taking photos. D. Situations when taking photos is better. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. We should remember the moment and take photos properly B. Photography does help us memorize the moment C. The fewer photos we take, the better we will remember D. Taking pictures could actually harm the brain’s ability to keep memories Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广东广州中学·期中）It’s long been thought that the earlier you start learning new skills, the easier they are to pick up. The idea that age can play a huge role in a person’s language learning ability is one of the reasons why early childhood was once considered the best time to introduce a second language. However, new research suggests that the human brain, a complex organ capable of constant evolution, has potential for higher learning after adolescence (青春期). This means that even if someone doesn’t start learning a second language until later in life, they can still achieve a high level of proficiency (熟练). “Research says that adults are better learners because we have a lot of self-regulation and we’re very determined when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. However, she believes that factors beyond age, such as being deeply engaged in the language, make a bigger difference in language learning success. “Without exposure to the language, there’s no learning that can happen, early or late.” Factors like a person’s natural ability, their earlier language learning experience, and the frequency of their practice also affect the language learning process, according to The Foreign Service Institute. That said, children and adults do have their own unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to learning a new language. Children tend to learn new languages more naturally, often through play and without relying on translation tools. They adapt quickly but might lack structured learning methods. On the other hand, adults can use strategies like creating their own memory systems or visualization techniques to learn effectively, but they may find it harder to immerse themselves fully in a new language environment given their well-established native language system. Still, Joshua Hartshorne, a research associate professor at the MGH Institute of Health Professions, says, “Language is a dynamic system, and there is always something new and more to learn in terms of vocabulary, grammar, and usage. People have been believing that you have got as good as you’re going to get in a new language within four or five years. But what we saw was actually that, as people continue learning for about 30 years, they continue to get better.” 1.What does the new research show? A. Children have great ability for learning new skills. B. Early childhood is the best time to learn languages. C. The human brain is a complex organ in learning a language. D. Learning a language well is not limited by the learner’s age. 2.What practice best improves the language learning according to Lourdes Ortega? A. Reviewing vocabulary frequently. B. Joining a local language group. C. Setting clear goals for language learning. D. Taking various language courses. 3.What advantage do adults have over children in learning a new language? A. They tend to learn languages in a strategic way. B. They have developed a personal memory system. C. They have formed a structured learning methods. D. They are given a well-established native language system. 4.What does the underlined word “dynamic” probably mean in the last paragraph? A. Confusing. B. Advanced. C. Changing. D. Detailed. 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东广州西关外国语学校·期中）Have you ever made a mistake? Mistakes make us feel silly but everyone makes them. Even scientists, who often appear to know exactly what they are doing, are guilty of having accidents. The truth is, mistakes can often make science exciting because they can open your eyes to possibilities that you might never have considered. Sometimes scientists discover a hidden purpose for an invention that already exists. In the 1940s, American engineer Percy Spencer worked on a radar magnetron (雷达磁控智) to find ships. While he was working, the machine was pointing towards his pocket due to his carelessness. After a while, he noticed that a chocolate bar he had put there had melted (m). Confused, he tried to see if anything else would melt, Spencer put an egg in front of the machine and after a few seconds, the egg exploded. Once he realised that energy from the machine could cook food fast, he designed a box to trap the radiation inside. From that the microwave oven (微波炉) came into being. Ice lollies (冰棍) are an example of a delicious mistake. They were invented when Frank Epperson, a boy in the US, placed a wooden stick in a glass of juice. The juice froze around the stick and when he took it out the next day, he realised what a good idea it was to have something by which to hold a frozen sweet treat. He decided to call his creation a Popsicle. Actually, almost all inventors have something in common. You never know what you’ll discover if you try new things ― and it won’t always be what you planned. As long as you keep an open mind, you might find the next big thing. 1.According to the first paragraph, mistakes ________. A. can push forward scientific development B. can test if a person is silly or smart C. relate closely to our sense of guilt D. come from small daily accidents 2.What was a key to Spencer’s invention of the microwave oven? A. He used a radar magnetron to find ships. B. A chocolate bar melted in the machine. C. The magnetron pointed to his pocket. D. He exploded an egg inside the box he made. 3.What did Frank do to create ice lollies? A. He left a stick in juice. B. He tasted a sweet treat. C. He added sweets to water. D. He placed fruit in a glass 4.According to the author, what do most inventors have in common? A. They keep an open mind about people around them. B. They learn from their mistakes to work efficiently. C. They gain success through repeated failures. D. They see possibilities in their mistakes. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东惠州第一中学-11月·期中）You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. "They" did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. "They" are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as "they" are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish(沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life. In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 1.According to Paragraph 2, creators_________. A. seem willing to experience failures in life B. possess the ability to predict future life C. handle ups and downs of life wisely D. have potential to create something new 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life. B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives. C. Victims can influence more people than creators. D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional. 3.The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that_________. A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims. B. people need family support to deal with challengers in life. C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains. D. one's experiences determine his attitude toward life. 4.What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A. To define victims and creators. B. To evaluate victims against creators. C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators. D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东汕头金山中学·期中）One of the top sources of added sugar in children’s diets in America is in their breakfast cereal (麦片). A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine shows that advertising drives sales of high-sugar cereals when it’s aimed directly at kids under 12 — but not when it is designed for adults. In the study, researchers looked at all cereals bought by 77,000 U.S. households over a nine-year period, between 2008 and 2017. They also looked at Nielsen ratings data, which closely tracked all the ads that people in a household saw — both children and adults. The study showed a clear connection: more ads for children led to more sugary cereal being bought by families. But ads for adults did not lead to more buying. And these extensive data also showed that behaviors that were learned in childhood could track into adulthood, which could lead to poor health outcomes over a lifetime. The study is the first to directly compare the influence of food ads aimed at children with those aimed at adults. The findings offer new evidence of how food marketing turns children into the “final weapon” in influencing family spending because they continuously ask their parents to buy an idea known as “pester power”. The food industry started the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative, a voluntary effort to police itself. The 21 participating food companies made a promise to cut back on marketing unhealthy foods to children under 12 — later revised to under 13. A new study conducted in 2024 showed that children’s contact with cereal ads on TV programming has dropped sharply. But Lindsay Smith Taillie, a food policy researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says these voluntary efforts aren’t making a difference. Advertisements, like kids’ eyeballs, are moving online, making it even harder to know what marketing children are shown, Taillie notes. 1.What mainly drives children to buy sugary cereal? A. Nutritional value promotion. B. Family breakfast traditions. C. Kid-focused marketing strategies. D. Adult-centered advertisements. 2.What does the underlined phrase “pester power” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Parents’ unconditional love. B. Children’s uncontrolled spending. C. Parents’ growing spending. D. Children’s repeated buying requests. 3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. An expectation for further study. B. A limitation of the research method. C. The follow-up influence of the study. D. The potential application of the findings. 4.What is Taillie’s attitude toward the voluntary efforts? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Unconcerned. D. Uncertain. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东多校联考·期中）When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional ways: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture(做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. As Mathias describes, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented words over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex(运动皮层) — the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures. Another research group led by Leipzig had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still equally effective. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both. But it is not only the motor cortex itself that promotes learning. The meaning expressed by the gesture also figures in, “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin-Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class — and it could be used more often and more effectively.” 1.What do we know according to Brian Mathias’ research? A. Those only presented with matching pictures performed better. B. The motor cortex had nothing to do with the vocabulary learning. C. The research concluded that gestures benefited vocabulary learning. D. 22 German-speaking adults and children were chosen as the test subjects. 2.Why was equipment attached to the subjects’ heads during Mathias’ test? A. To count words. B. To record emotion. C. To influence brain activity. D. To give clues to questions. 3.What does Leipzig’s research tell us about language learning? A. Adults and children are equally good learners. B. Pictures have little influence on language learning. C. Pictures are found more helpful than videos for children. D. Benefits of gestures are more obvious in adults in the long run. 4.What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom? A. Make better use of gestures. B. Teach listening in a systematic way. C. Avoid traditional teaching approaches. D. Do some scientific researches on teaching. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广东上进联考·期中）A recent study of 3,000 adults suggests that eating breakfast later in the morning as you get older could be connected to poorer health and a shorter life. Researchers followed the participants for about 22 years on average. During this time, participants reported their health, meal times and, in some cases, provided blood samples. Over time, the researchers noticed that over the years, people started eating breakfast and dinner later, and they also ate all their meals within a shorter time each day. The researchers found that on average, people in the study ate breakfast at around 8:20 a.m. However, those who ate breakfast closer to 9 a.m. or later were more likely to report health issues like feeling sad, low energy, and problems with their teeth. “These results give new meaning to the idea that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, especially for older adults,” said lead author Dr. Hassan Dashti, a nutrition expert. “Our study shows that changes in when older people eat, especially breakfast time, could be an easy way to check their overall health. Also, encouraging older adults to keep regular meal times could be part of wider plans to support healthy aging and a longer life.” This was an observational study, so it does not prove that eating breakfast later causes health problems or early death. It only suggests there might be a connection. In fact, the researchers found that people who were naturally “night owls” — those who wake up and go to bed later — also tended to eat their meals later in the day. The researchers said their findings were of great importance given the growing popularity of intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食), where people choose to fast for longer periods on purpose and often, as a result, end up eating breakfast later in the day. “Later meal timing, especially delaying breakfast, is tied to both health problems and higher risk of death in older adults,” said Dashti. 1.What did the researchers find in their study? A. People don’t eat a regular breakfast. B. Later breakfast is linked to health risks. C. Breakfast time has no effect on health. D. Eating less breakfast is good for the old. 2.What did Dr. Dashti advise older adults to do? A. Think highly of a longer life. B. Keep regular meal times daily. C. Eat breakfast for a shorter time. D. Have their health checked monthly. 3.What might be the disadvantage of the study? A. It didn’t prove a direct cause. B. It lasted for a very long time. C. It only focused on young adults. D. It didn’t consider those night owls. 4.Why did the researchers think their findings were important? A. An eating habit is affecting people. B. Many people forget breakfast for work. C. Health problems are being ignored. D. Older adults are suffering from their diet. 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东广州中学·期中）Robert Kurtz finds himself working right in the middle of a composting (堆肥的) revolution. Kurtz is a commercial solutions manager at Rust Belt Riders, a composting company based in Cleveland, Ohio. Its goal is to meet climate change by recycling as much food waste as possible. Wasted food piles up in landfills. As it breaks down, it creates a gas called methane(甲烷). Methane traps heat in the atmosphere. And that fuels climate change. The United States Environmental Protection Agency says the average family in the U. S. spends $1,500 per year on food that doesn’t get eaten. Businesses waste food too. That’s where Kurtz’s job comes in. Every day, Kurtz contacts grocery stores, restaurants, and other food-service businesses. He educates them about the harmful effects of food waste. Then he asks if they’re willing to change the way they deal with their remaining food. So far, Rust Belt Riders has persuaded 300 companies and 2,800 households to do something differently with their food waste. The company’s seven trucks and 30 employees pick up their clients’ extra food. Then they compost it, turning it into soil. Compost soil is much more than just dirt. It’s made up of five ingredients that combine to help plants grow. That’s why Kurtz and his colleagues at Rust Belt Riders offer a second service: they sell the composted, nutrient-rich soil to people and businesses that need it. In addition to partnering with households and businesses, Rust Belt Riders has teamed up with local schools. At Dentzler Elementary, in nearby Parma, Ohio, Rust Belt Riders helps the kitchen staff compost its food remains. The 500 students place their food waste into bins during lunch periods. The bins are then collected by Rust Belt Riders. Emily Cass is a farm-to-school teacher at Dentzler. “This program has created a space for all students to become environmental stewards in their own cafeteria when they might not otherwise have the opportunity,” Cass says. 1.Why was Rust Belt Riders founded? A. To increase food production. B. To recycle extra food. C. To provide jobs in Cleveland. D. To fight climate change. 2.What can we know about Kurt’s job? A. He only contacts bigger businesses. B. He teaches how to deal with waste food. C. He arranges for employees to collect food. D. He makes businesses realize the damaging effects of food waste. 3.What is Cass’s attitude towards the program? A. Favorable. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 4.Which column of the newspaper may the passage come from? A. Literature. B. Fitness. C. Environment. D. Education. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东广州中学·期中）Save the gorilla (大猩猩)! Protect tigers! Help the giant kangaroo rats! You’ve probably heard the first two slogans but maybe not the last one. We’re often interested in supporting the protection of animals like gorillas and tigers but less concerned for creatures like rats. Are our stereotypes (刻板印象) affecting which animals we choose to protect? Researchers have studied how people view animals based on two qualities: “warmth” (how friendly we think they are) and “competence” (how capable they seem). Animals we see as companions, such as dogs and monkeys, score high in both warmth and competence. This makes us eager to protect them. Predators (捕食者) like tigers and bears are seen as competent but not very warm. While some people admire these animals, others may fear or hunt them. Animals viewed as prey (猎物), like cows and rabbits, often receive less attention, but people are prepared to actively harm those considered pests, such as rats and mice. However, this might not be the full story. National Geographic Magazine asked their readers which animals were the most important to save. Four of the top five fit the companion or predator types-elephants, tigers, whales and polar bears. But the most popular animal to save was the bee. It seems that apart from concerns around warmth and competence, people are aware how species can affect the wider ecosystem and value bees as pollinators (传粉者). At present, 27,000 species are becoming extinct every year. How do zoos and protection projects decide which animals to support? One factor is the importance of an animal to the wider ecosystem, but this can lead to some difficult choices. It’s reported that in Australia, koalas are much less important to the ecosystem than some lesser-known animals such as woylies. However, they also suggest a solution to this issue. To conserve cute animals, such as koalas, it’s important to protect their entire habitat-and this can save a wide variety of species. It could be that many animals can be sheltered by koalas’ cuteness. 1.What’s the focus of the research? A. How human views affect animal protection efforts. B. What qualities different types of animal species have. C. How human activities influence wildlife populations. D. What characteristics affect public interest in species. 2.What do we know from paragraph 2? A. Companions are more capable than others. B. Predators are always feared and hunted. C. Animals seen as friendly are more protected. D. Pests are generally well-liked by people. 3.Why are bees an important species to save? A. They are popular pets among humans. B. They rank high in warmth and competence. C. They are the largest pollinators in ecosystems. D. They support species variety through pollination. 4.What’s the purpose of mentioning koalas in the last paragraph? A. To highlight the popularity of certain cute animals. B. To offer suggestions on effective koalas protection. C. To stress the difficulty of making conservation decisions. D. To inform readers of the importance of habitat protection. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·广东上进联考·期中）A dozen children play at a family fishing camp on a beach of Isla Partida, off Mexico’s Baja California. Fathers and uncles sit in the shade, fixing fishing nets. These men are the fourth generation to make a living by catching fish, including sharks. Most of them hope their children will not follow in their footsteps. Paloma, 15, wears a T-shirt with a picture of a hammerhead shark （锤头鲨）, the logo of a local conservation group called Pelagios Kakunja. Paloma wants to be a marine biologist when she grows up. Her parents support her dream. Nowadays, it takes more time and fuel to find sharks, so fishing does not bring much money. Now, her father hopes to get paid to study sharks instead of killing them. Her family is part of a project run by Pelagios Kakunja. The group plans to train 30 fishers in Baja California as field technicians, who will drive a boat to look for sharks, take blood and tissue samples from the sharks, and use underwater cameras to record videos. One shark they’re looking for is the scalloped hammerhead. In the 1980s and 1990s, there were hammerheads everywhere. Unluckily, the number of the scalloped hammerhead began to collapse quickly in Baja. By 2012, there was nearly nothing left. Overfishing, they concluded, was the main reason. Soon, Mexico made shark fishing illegal from May to July, which helps protect sharks during their breeding season. And sharks are starting to come back. Last year, researchers caught and tagged a young hammerhead for the first time in Cabo Pulmo National Park. This is a protected ocean area near the southern end of Baja California. More fishers are also joining the ecotourism industry. Baja is a famous place for swimming with or watching blue sharks and white sharks. Shark-related tourism brings in over $300 million each year around the world, and this number is likely to double in the next 20 years. 1.Why does the author introduce Paloma in the beginning? A. To describe her family life. B. To show a changing tradition. C. To explain why people love sharks. D. To praise a conservation group. 2.What do we know about Pelagios Kakunja from the text? A. It sells T-shirts to tourists. B. It helps fishers make money quickly. C. It trains fishers to protect sharks. D. It teaches fishers to catch more sharks. 3.What does the underlined word “collapse” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Increase rapidly. B. Change slowly. C. Remain similarly. D. Drop suddenly. 4.What does the author want to say in the last paragraph? A. Fishing is still the best job. B. Sharks are too dangerous. C. Protecting sharks brings advantages. D. Tourism is harming the ocean. 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·广东深圳宝安区宝安中学·期中）A honey bee’s life depends on it successfully harvesting from flowers to make honey. Deciding which flower is most likely to offer nectar (花蜜) is incredibly difficult. In new research published recently, our team reports how bees make these complex decisions. We challenged bees with a field of artificial flowers, each of which offered a tiny drop of sugar syrup. Different-colored “flowers” varied in their likelihood of offering sugar. We put tiny, harmless paint marks on the back of each bee, and filmed every visit a bee made to the flower array. We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through. From this information, we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers. They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower, but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average. The results and what we expected are poles apart. Usually in animals, an accurate decision takes longer than an inaccurate decision. This is called the speed-accuracy trade off, which happens because determining whether a decision is right or wrong usually depends on how much evidence we have to make that decision. More evidence means a more accurate decision, but gathering evidence takes time. So accurate decisions are usually slow and inaccurate decisions are faster. But bees only accepted a flower if, at a glance, they were sure it was rewarding. If they had any uncertainty, they rejected it. They might have missed some rewarding flowers, but they successfully focused their efforts only on the flowers with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar. The only other animals known to beat the speed-accuracy tradeoff are humans and primates. It’s indeed amazing that bees seemed to be breaking this boundary. 1.How did researchers get the result of the experiment? A. By observing bees in the wild. B. By analyzing bees’ flight paths. C. By testing bees in different colors. D. By comparing bees’ food preference. 2.What did the research find about bees? A. They could tell artificial flowers immediately. B. They performed better in certain colored flowers. C. They made right choices faster than the wrong ones. D. They made more correct decisions than other species. 3.What does the underlined phrase “poles apart” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Contrary. B. Reasonable. C. Essential. D. Confusing. 4.Why do bees beat the speed-accuracy tradeoff? A. They ignore uncertainties. B. They gather evidence very fast. C. They stay on the right track while flying. D. They adopt a special decision-making mechanism. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·广东多校联考·期中）People today are much cleverer than they were in previous generations. A study of 72 countries found that average IQs rose by 2.2 points per decade between 1948 and 2020. This stunning change is known as the Flynn Effect after James Flynn, the scientist who first noticed it. Flynn was initially confused by his discovery. It took millions of years for the brain to evolve. How could it improve so rapidly over just a few decades? The answer is largely that people were becoming better nourished and mentally stimulated. Just as muscles need food and exercise to grow strong, the brain also needs the right nutrients and activity to develop. Kids today are much less likely to be malnourished (营养不良的) than they were in past decades, and more likely to go to school. Yet there is no room for satisfaction. In poor and middle-income countries, many children are still too ill-fed to reach the cognitive potential. The world grows enough food, but several obstacles stop nutrients getting into young brains. One is war. Families sheltering around cannot risk out to plant or harvest, and some governments intentionally starve certain regions into submission. Another is disease. Hungry children fall sick more often, and the energy they spend battling bugs cannot be devoted to growing brains. Poverty is also a big part of the problem. But global data from UNICEF, an aid agency, show that although half the children with very restricted diets (including no more than two food groups) are indeed from poor families, the other half are not. Other factors, such as poor eating habits, are to blame as well. Research about how to overcome the obstacles is needed. Some argue that human intelligence will matter less as people entrust (委托) their thinking to artificial intelligence. To assume this would be as foolish as betting 100 years ago that the invention of the car would make it unnecessary to walk. In the workplace, human intelligence and AI will probably assist each other. And brains are for the joy of thinking, as well as earning money. Steven Pinker of Harvard University calls human intelligence “a tailwind in life”, helping people adapt rationally to new challenges or a changing environment. For a modest price, the next generation can have a stronger tailwind. It would not only be wrong to refuse them the tailwind. It would be stupid. 1.What can we learn about the Flynn Effect? A. Average IQs have risen fast in the past decades. B. Intelligence has been stable across generations. C. People now are as intelligent as their ancestors. D. Better education leads to improved physical health. 2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean? A. The Flynn Effect has reached its peak. B. Global problems continue despite IQ gains. C. Society values human intelligence less. D. Malnutrition is merely a result of poverty. 3.What does the author think of artificial intelligence? A. Useless. B. Unique. C. Beneficial. D. Ineffective. 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. Stages of IQ Development B. Secrets to Rising IQs Worldwide C. Insights Into Global IQ Trend D. Influence of the Flynn Effect 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·广东华南师范附属中学·期中）Jules Verne is widely regarded as one of the fathers of science fiction. His “ExtraordinaryVoyages (航海)” series transport readers on grand adventures to the far reaches of Earth and beyond. But Verne did more than just tell entertaining stories — he also predicted over 100modern-day inventions and technologies in his writings. For example, in the 1889 short story In the Year 2889, Verne painted a picture of a highly networked world with global multimedia communications. He described the “phonotelephone” which sent sound and images over great distances. The main character, Fritz Napoleon Smith, is able to easily communicate via this technology with his wife on another continent: “Mr. Smith was able distinctly to see his wife despite the distance that separated him from her... Mrs. Smith immediately appeared on the telephotic screen, with her features smiling and her eyes moist (潮湿的) with tears.” Verne’s technically-grounded adventure tales represented a new approach to imagining the future through fiction. Unlike other writers of his day who penned more fanciful or supernatural stories, Verne aimed for realism in his futuristic visions, always basing them on cutting-edge science and his own extensive research. This laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century and beyond. Verne is often thought of as a technological optimist, a champion of scientific progress and innovation. But his writings also reveal another perspective. Many of his stories feature a brilliant but mad scientist whose inventions ultimately bring more harm than good. CaptainNemo in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea uses his submarine (潜艇) to violently attack ships. ForVerne human nature determined whether technology would be a force for good or a source of destruction. The spirit of adventure in Verne’s timeless stories will live on, continuing to inspire generations to push the boundaries of the possible and create the world of tomorrow. That is perhaps the greatest achievement of the extraordinary voyages of Jules Verne. 1.How does Mr. Smith contact his wife in In the Year 2889? A. By holding an in-person talk. B. By making a long-distance call. C. By sending a letter back home. D. By having an instant video chat. 2.What is the“hard science fiction” based on? A. The unrealistic fantasies. B. The fictional technologies. C. The latest research findings. D. The imagined future worlds. 3.What can we infer about Verne from Captain Nemo’s story? A. He is disappointed with human nature. B. He is aware of the danger of technology. C. He is in favour of scientific development. D. He is different from the writers of his time. 4.Which of the following best describes Jules Verne according to the text? A. Strong-willed. B. Fantasy-seeking. C. Positive-minded. D. Forward-thinking. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·广东茂名第一中学-10月·期中）In recent years, the concept of “slow travel” has appeared as a reaction to the fast-paced, mass tourism that dominates (主宰) the industry. Slow travel encourages travelers to engage deeply with local cultures, stay longer in destinations, and form meaningful connections with local communities. One of the key principles of slow travel is to reduce environmental impact. By choosing to stay in locally-owned accommodations, eating at family-run restaurants, and using public transportation or bicycles, travelers can greatly decrease their carbon footprint. For instance, a study found that tourists who engage in slow travel produce up to 70% less greenhouse gas emissions compared to those on traditional package tours. Slow travel also allows for a deeper cultural understanding. Instead of rushing through tourist attractions, slow travelers take the time to participate in local traditions, learn about historical importance, and interact with locals. This not only enriches the travel experience but also provides economic benefits to local communities. In some rural areas, “slow travel” has helped preserve (保存) endangered crafts and save dying traditions. However, slow travel is not without challenges. It requires more planning and flexibility. As travelers need to research local customs, transportation options, and authentic (真实的) experiences. Additionally, slow travel may not be feasible for everyone due to time or budget (预算) limit. For busy professionals or families with limited vacation days, spending weeks in a single destination may seem unrealistic. Despite these challenges, the slow travel movement continues to grow. Travelers are becoming more aware of their environmental and cultural impact, and many are seeking more authentic and sustainable ways to explore the world. As a result, travel companies are starting to offer more slow-travel options, such as longer home-stays and cultural experience programs. 1.Which is the benefit of slow travel? A. It can save money on traveling. B. It can be more environmentally friendly. C. It can increase the income of travel companies. D. It can allow travelers to visit more places hurriedly. 2.What can we learn about slow travel from the third paragraph? A. It has little impact on local economies. B. It focuses on interactions with travelers. C. It discourages travelers from learning about history. D. It may contribute to the preservation of traditional crafts. 3.What does the underlined word “feasible” mean in this context? A. desirable B. affordable C. practical D. classical 4.What can be inferred about the future of slow travel? A. It will cost less as time passes. B. It will only be accessible to rich travelers. C. It may become more popular in the future. D. It will take the place of traditional tourism entirely. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·广东华南师范附属中学·期中）Most of us learn how to ride a bike during childhood. But as we grow older, many of us stop riding and put those once-beloved bikes away. Years later, when we discover these old things and jump on, it’s as if we never stopped biking. This is surprising because our memories fall short in so many other cases, such as remembering the name of a place or a person we once knew or where we put our keys. So how is it that we can ride a bicycle when we haven’t done so in years? The answer has to do with what kinds of memories we’re making. Neuropsychologist (神经心理学家) Boris Suchan explains that we have two different kinds of long-term memory: declarative and procedural. Within declarative memory are two subtypes: episodic (情景的) and semantic (语义的) memory. Episodic memory is the recall of an event in your life, like going to a concert or falling into a hole. Semantic memory, also known as factual memory, is knowing that World War II ended in 1945. But acquiring a skill is part of procedural memory. Learning how to drive, play a sport, or ride a bike are all activities that are stored in another part of the brain. In theory, it would be possible to suffer a brain injury that could steal your memory of riding a bike but keep the part that knows how to ride the bike. Supposing the brain part which processes non-declarative memory, is unharmed, you’ll be able to ride a bicycle without incident. But why is procedural memory so strong? That’s less clear to science, although one reason, Suchan writes, is that the regions in the brain where movement patterns are formed experience less nerve cell (神经细胞) turnover, helping to keep recall of those actions. That’s why you can always jump on a bike but not necessarily remember that movie. Do you still remember the moment when you first learned how to ride a bike? 1.What does the underlined phrase “fall short” in paragraph I probably mean? A. Fail. B. Match. C. Flash. D. Vary. 2.Which of the following belongs to semantic memory? A. Mastering swimming skills. B. Recalling a birthday party. C. Knowing the capital of France. D. Picking up a foreign language. 3.What can be learned about procedural memory in paragraph 3? A. It is less likely to be forgotten. B. It is easily damaged by brain injuries. C. It is well-understood by scientist. D. It has more frequent nerve cell turnover. 4.What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a new discovery. B. To argue for a particular viewpoint. C. To describe a personal experience. D. To explain reasons for a phenomenon. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·广东广州培正、三中和四中联考·期中）Even small amounts of physical activity, like quick walking, may greatly lower the risk of depression, according to a new data analysis (分析). Recommended levels of exercise in the United States, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), include aerobic (有氧的) activity at proper levels for 2.5 hours a week, along with a workout of all major muscle (肌肉) groups twice a week. Or, a person can choose a high-level aerobic exercise, such as running, for 1.25 hours each week, along with the same amount of strength training. Middle-to-high-level exercise is good for us, according to the CDC. It improves sleep, lowers blood pressure, protects against heart disease and diabetes, reduces stress, improves mood, and fights anxiety and depression. But in today’s busy world, many people find it difficult to fit in a jog or a visit to the gym. Add depression to the mix, and the motivation for exercise drops even further, experts say. The analysis, published Wednesday in the journal JAMA Psychiatry, looked at 15 studies involving over 190,000 people to determine how much exercise was needed to reduce depression. Adults who did activities equal to 1.25 hours of quick walking per week had an 18% lower risk of depression compared with those who did not exercise, the study said. Moving up to an “activity amount equal to 2.5 hours of quick walking per week was associated with 25% lower risk of depression,” the study authors said. The benefits were strongest when a person changed from being a couch potato to adding movement to the day, the study said. However, exercising over the recommended levels did not provide any additional benefits. “Our findings therefore have important new implications for health doctors making lifestyle recommendations, especially to inactive individuals who may perceive the current recommended target of exercise as unrealistic,” the authors wrote. A study in 2018 found similar results: People who exercised had about 43% fewer days of poor mental health. “Even just walking three times a week seems to give people better mental health than not exercising at all,” said study author Adam Chekroud, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Yale University. 1.Why does the writer use the figures in Paragraph 2? A. To provide different ways of exercise. B. To illustrate the benefits of doing exercise. C. To recommend the proper levels of exercise. D. To identify which exercise is better for health. 2.How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A. Running may possibly add to depression. B. Depressed people are less willing to exercise. C. People tend to exercise more when depressed. D. Working out regularly helps increase motivation. 3.What does the analysis published in JAMA Psychiatry suggest: A. Over 190, 000 people suffer from poor mental health. B. 2.5 hours of quick walking per week is a must for adults. C. A couch potato benefits much when taking proper exercise. D. The recommended levels by CDC go for people of all ages. 4.Which of the following agrees with Adam Chekroud’s idea about exercise? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Rome wasn’t built in a day. C. Half a loaf is better than no bread. D. Where there is a will, there is a way. 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·广东深圳罗湖高级中学·期中）Sorry rabbits, but giant tortoises are still winning the race of life by treating it like a marathon and taking each step slow and steady. Recently, the world’s oldest tortoise, Jonathan, has turned 191 years old. This extends his title of the oldest living land animal by another year. Unofficially, there have been claims of older tortoises, including one believed to have been 255 years old when it died in 2006. Researchers have not been able to pin down exactly what keeps them around for so long, but their slow-motion lifestyle may have something to do with it. Giant tortoises have very slow metabolisms (新陈代谢), which means they burn energy at a slower rate than smaller and faster animals. Physiologist Max Rubner introduced the rate of living theory. The theory suggested an inverse relationship between metabolism and lifespan, which means that the faster the metabolism, the shorter the life. Scientists have had some issues with the theory over the past century, but it did produce the phrase “‘live fast, die young", and it serves as the basis for more research on the topic. The link between metabolism and longevity (长寿) is still not understood. Some scientists believe that metabolism is linked to the creation of free radicals (自由基). They are the molecules (分子) that damage cells and that increase as more energy is burned by the body. According to this theory, tortoises live longer because their slow metabolisms bum less energy. which means less harm to the cells in their bodies. Theories on aging alone don’t fully explain how tortoises live much longer than humans, but their reproductive (繁殖的) life and size may give an explanation. Because of their massive hard shells and their geographic isolation (they only live on a few specific islands), giant tortoises have very few enemies to worry about. This means giant tortoises don’t have to rush into reproduction to keep their species alive. Each theory has its limitations and unanswered questions, but scientists believe that a combination of biological and evolutionary factors is what keeps giant tortoises alive for so long. 1.What does the underlined word “inverse” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Similar. B. Opposite. C. Clear. D. Unchanging. 2.What can we learn about free radicals? A. Free radicals can protect cells. B. Free radicals increase with age. C. Fewer free radicals lead to a longer lifetime. D. The slower the metabolism, the more free radicals. 3.Why don’t giant tortoises rush to produce their young? A. They have little worry about extinction. B. They have a low reproductive ability C. They live a long time. D. They usually prefer to be alone. 4.What could be the best title for this article? A. Live fast, die young. B. The way metabolism works. C. Jonathan, oldest tortoise. D. Secret to giant tortoises’ longevity. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 1. A　2. D　3. C　4. C Passage 2 1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 1. A　2. D　3. A　4. C 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 1. A　2. C　3. B　4. A 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 1. B　2. A　3. B　4. D Passage 2 1. C　2. D　3. B 主题语境06 人与自然-环境 1. D　2. A　3. D　4. B 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C Passage 2 1. A　2. C　3. D　4. D Passage 3 1. C　2. D　3. A　4. C 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 1. C　2. B　3. D　4. B Passage 2 1. C　2. A　3. B　4. A Passage 3 1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 1. A　2. C　3. A　4. D Passage 2 1. C　2. B　3. A　4. D 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 1. C　2. D　3. C　4. A Passage 2 1. C　2. C　3. D　4. A Passage 3 1. B　2. B　3. A　4. A 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 Passage 1 1. D　2. D　3. A　4. C Passage 2 1. A　2. C　3. D　4. D Passage 3 1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 1. A　2. B　3. C　4. C 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 1. D　2. C　3. B　4. D Passage 2 1. B　2. D　3. C　4. C 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 1. A　2. C　3. A　4. D 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 1. C　2. B　3. C　4. C 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $