Unit 1 Family核心词汇通关讲义2026-2027学年北师大版英语七年级上册

2026-09-28
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北师大版 · 七年级英语(上) Unit 1 Family 核心词汇通关讲义 —— 话题归类 · 词根串联 · 考点速记 —— 【使用说明】本讲义按"话题—词族—考点—自测"四步组织,不按课本 Lesson 顺序罗列。建议先看「词汇地图」建立整体印象,再精读 Part A 精讲,最后用 Part C 选择题检测;标 * 者为课标三级以外词汇,重点认读即可。 一、本单元词汇分类地图 话题分组 代表词汇 记忆钩子 ① 家庭成员与关系 grandparent, husband, wife, daughter, son, parent(拓展) 一张家庭树,把词挂到人物上 ② 性格与外貌 active, caring, polite, noisy, sweet, handsome, pretty, smart, patient, funny 形容词常考"be + adj."结构 ③ 周末活动与家务 weekend, do the cleaning, tidy, spend, chat, water (v.), play chess, play basketball, housework, dumpling, delicious 动词短语 = 动词 + the + 名词 ④ 职业与身份 pilot, policeman, engineer, classmate, member -er/-or/-man 三大职业后缀 ⑤ 物主代词 mine, yours, hers, ours, theirs(= 形容词性物主代词 + 名词) 名词性物主代词 = "形容词性 + 名词"的缩略 ⑥ 交际与情感 pleased, glad, have a good time, look forward to, introduce 见面、介绍、表达期待三大高频句 二、Part A 核心词汇精讲 A1 家庭成员与社会关系 ● grandparent /ˈɡrænpeərənt/ n. 祖父,祖母,外祖父,外祖母 拓展:grand- 前缀表示"隔一代"——grandfather/grandmother/grandparents(复数常指爷爷奶奶外公外婆两人)。 ● husband /ˈhʌzbənd/ n. 丈夫 搭配:husband and wife 夫妻。 ● wife /waɪf/ n. 妻子(pl. wives) ★考点:以 f/fe 结尾,复数变 v + es → wives /knife→knives / leaf→leaves/ self→selves/ shelf→shelves/ wolf→wolves/ thief→thieves/ half→halves。 ● daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ n. 女儿 ● son /sʌn/ n. 儿子 同音词:sun(太阳)。son 发音与 sun 完全相同,听力题常考。 ● parent /ˈpeərənt/ n. 父亲或母亲(常用复数 parents 指父母双亲) ● classmate /ˈklɑːsmeɪt/ n. 同班同学 构词:class + mate 同伴。同类词:roommate 室友、teammate 队友、workmate 同事。 ● member /ˈmembə/ n. 成员;分子 搭配:a member of the family / a member of our class。 ● together /təˈɡeðə/ adv. 在一起,共同 搭配:do sth. together / get together 聚会。反义:alone。 ● same /seɪm/ adj. 同一的,相同的 ★必搭:the same + 名词(the same age / the same school);反义 different,后接 from。 ● only /ˈəʊnli/ adv. & adj. 只,仅仅;唯一的 位置:常放在被修饰词前。He is only five. = He is only a five-year-old boy. ● both /bəʊθ/ det. & pron. 两个,两个都 ★考点:both A and B 作主语时谓语用复数;both 后接复数名词。 ● different /ˈdɪfrənt/ adj. 不同的,有区别的 ★搭配:be different from 与……不同;名词形式 difference。 A2 性格与外貌描写 ● active /ˈæktɪv/ adj. 积极的;活跃的 词族:act v. 行动 → active adj. → activity n. 活动(pl. activities)→ actively adv. ● caring /ˈkeərɪŋ/ adj. 乐于助人的,关心他人的 词族:care v./n. 关心 → careful adj. 小心的 → careless adj. 粗心的 → caring adj. 体贴的。 ● polite /pəˈlaɪt/ adj. 有礼貌的,客气的 反义 impolite / rude;副词 politely。 ● noisy /ˈnɔɪzi/ adj. 吵闹的,嘈杂的 词族:noise n. 噪音 → noisy adj. → noisily adv.。注意 y 前是 i。 ● sweet /swiːt/ adj. & n. 惹人喜爱的;甜的;糖果 一词多义:形容人时译为"讨人喜欢的、可爱的",形容味道时译为"甜的"。 ● handsome /ˈhænsəm/ adj. 英俊的,有魅力的 习惯上多用于男性;女性漂亮用 pretty / beautiful。 ● pretty /ˈprɪti/ adj. & adv. 漂亮的;颇,相当 ★一词多义:作副词时 = very / quite,如 pretty good 相当不错。 ● smart /smɑːt/ adj. 聪明的;精明的;时髦的 ● patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ adj. & n. 有耐心的;病人 ★一词多义:be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心;反义 impatient。 ● funny /ˈfʌni/ adj. 滑稽的,好笑的 区分:fun n. 开心 → funny adj. 滑稽的。have fun = have a good time。 ● pleased /pliːzd/ adj. 高兴的,愉快的 ★搭配:be pleased with sth. 对……满意;be pleased to do sth. 乐意做某事。主语通常是人。 A3 周末活动与日常生活 ● weekend /ˌwiːkˈend/ n. 周末 ★搭配:on/at the weekend 在周末;at weekends(英式)。 ● water /ˈwɔːtə/ v. & n. 给……浇水;水 ★一词多义:名词动用——water the flowers 浇花。 ● cleaning /ˈkliːnɪŋ/ n. 打扫,清洁 短语:do the cleaning 打扫卫生。同类:do the washing 洗衣服 / do the cooking 做饭。 ● tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ v. & adj. 使整洁,整理;整洁的 短语:tidy (up) the room 整理房间;反义 untidy / messy。 ● Sunday /ˈsʌndeɪ/ n. 星期日 ● spend /spend/ v. 花(时间);度过;花(钱) ★三大句型:① spend time/money on sth. ② spend time (in) doing sth. ③ spend + 时间 + with sb.。过去式 spent。 ● fun /fʌn/ n. & adj. 开心,好玩的事;有趣的 搭配:have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心 = have a good time doing sth. = enjoy oneself。 ● usually /ˈjuːʒuəli/ adv. 通常地,经常地 频率副词位置:be 动词后、实义动词前。I usually get up at six. ● yard /jɑːd/ n. 园圃,花园;码(长度单位) ● dumpling /ˈdʌmplɪŋ/ n. 饺子 常用复数 dumplings。 ● delicious /dɪˈlɪʃəs/ adj. 美味的,可口的 只用来形容食物/味道,不形容人。 ● chat /tʃæt/ v. & n. 闲聊,闲谈 搭配:chat with sb. / chat online 网聊。 ● housework /ˈhaʊswɜːk/ n. 家务劳动 不可数名词:do housework(不加 a / 不加 s)。同类:homework 家庭作业。 ● biscuit /ˈbɪskɪt/ n. 饼干 ● burn /bɜːn/ v. (使)烧焦,烤煳;燃烧 过去式 burned / burnt。 ● chess /tʃes/ n. 国际象棋 ★零冠词:play chess 下棋;对比 play basketball / play the piano(球类零冠词,乐器加 the)。 ● violin /ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/ n. 小提琴 ★冠词:play the violin 拉小提琴(乐器必加 the)。 A4 职业与身份 ● pilot /ˈpaɪlət/ n. 飞行员 ● policeman /pəˈliːsmən/ n. (男)警察(pl. policemen) ★复数:man → men。同类:postman→postmen, fisherman→fishermen, Englishman→Englishmen。 ● engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə/ n. 工程师 ● teach /tiːtʃ/ v. 教,讲授 词族:teach → teacher n. 老师;过去式 taught。 ● introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ v. 把……介绍(给) ★搭配:introduce A to B 把 A 介绍给 B;名词 introduction。 ● number /ˈnʌmbə/ n. 数字,数;数量 搭配:a telephone number / a number of 许多(+复数名词)。 A5 物主代词专讲(本单元核心语法) 名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 前面提到的名词。它本身就相当于"形容词性物主代词 + 名词",后面绝不能再跟名词。 人称 形容词性(后必跟名词) 名词性(独立使用,后不跟名词) 例句对比 我 my mine This is my book. = This book is mine. 你/你们 your yours Is this your pen? = Is this pen yours? 他 his his(同形) his bike = His is over there. 她 her hers her bag = The bag is hers. 它 its its(罕用) — 我们 our ours our classroom = The classroom is ours. 他/她/它们 their theirs their room = The room is theirs. ★一句话判断:后面有名词用 my/your/her…;后面没名词用 mine/yours/hers…。 三、Part B 高频考点 · 易错点速记 1. 不规则复数两类 ① f/fe → v + es:wife→wives, knife→knives, leaf→leaves, half→halves, shelf→shelves。 ② man → men:policeman→policemen, postman→postmen, fisherman→fishermen。注意 German→Germans(不是 Germen)。 2. 词族串联(背一串 = 背一片) act → active → activity → actively;care → careful → careless → caring;noise → noisy → noisily;please → pleased → pleasant;patient → patience。 3. 核心短语(写作必背) 短语 含义 例句 lots of / a lot of 大量,许多 We have lots of hobbies. play chess / play basketball 下棋 / 打篮球(零冠词) He likes playing chess after school. do the cleaning 打扫卫生 I often do the cleaning on Sunday. be good at (doing) sth. 擅长(做)某事 She is good at playing the violin. look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望(做)某事 I'm looking forward to seeing you. have a good time 过得愉快 They had a good time at the weekend. over there 那边 The girl over there is my sister. ★ look forward to 中的 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,后面必须接 doing,不能接动词原形——这是本单元最高频考点。 4. 易混辨析 ① spend / take:spend 主语是人(sb. spend time on/(in) doing);take 主语是 it(It takes sb. some time to do sth.)。 ② both / all:both 指两者都;all 指三者或三者以上都。 ③ in front of / in the front of:前者在物体外部前面,后者在物体内部前部。 四、Part C 即学即练(单项选择) 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 1. — Whose dictionary is this? — It's ______. She brought it this morning. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 2. My mother often does ______ on Sunday, such as cleaning the rooms and washing clothes. A. cook B. the cleaning C. wash D. chess 3. There are many ______ in front of the police station. They are helping old people cross the road. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policewoman 4. I am looking forward to ______ the Great Wall with my parents this summer holiday. A. visit B. visits C. visiting D. visited 5. The twin brothers are in the same school, but they are in ______ classes. A. same B. different C. the same D. difference 6. My grandpa likes ______ after dinner. He says it's good for his mind. A. playing chess B. playing the chess C. play chess D. playing a chess 7. My parents ______ teachers and they ______ in the same school. A. are both; both work B. both are; work both C. are both; work both D. both are; both work 8. It ______ me about two hours ______ my homework every day. A. spend; doing B. spends; to do C. takes; doing D. takes; to do 9. — How was your weekend? — Great! We ______ a good time in the park. A. have B. has C. had D. having 10. The cake smells ______ and tastes ______. I want another piece. A. sweet; well B. sweet; good C. nicely; good D. sweetly; well 五、答案与解析 1. C 空格后无名词,需用名词性物主代词 hers,相当于 her dictionary。 2. B do the cleaning 是固定短语"打扫卫生",与后文 cleaning the rooms 对应。 3. C policeman 的复数为 policemen(man→men)。 4. C look forward to 中 to 为介词,后接动名词 doing。 5. B but 表转折,与 same 相对;be in different classes 意为"在不同班级"。 6. A play chess 球类/棋类零冠词;like doing 表示长期爱好。 7. A both 放在 be 动词之后、实义动词之前。 8. D It takes sb. some time to do sth. 是固定句型,it 作形式主语。 9. C 由 was 可知用一般过去时,have 的过去式为 had。 10. B smell 和 taste 都是系动词,后接形容词作表语;well 作形容词仅指"身体好"。 —— 记住:词汇不是背出来的,是"挂"在话题、例句和错题上长出来的。把今天错的题抄到错题本,比再抄十遍单词更有效。 —— 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 1 Family核心词汇通关讲义2026-2027学年北师大版英语七年级上册
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Unit 1 Family核心词汇通关讲义2026-2027学年北师大版英语七年级上册
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Unit 1 Family核心词汇通关讲义2026-2027学年北师大版英语七年级上册
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