专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，湖北专用）高一英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·湖北部分学校·期中）John has been a devoted hockey (冰球) enthusiast. In the past around two decades back, John, a part of the local junior league team, The Rapid, was an influential ice hockey competitor in his hometown, even with a considerable group of admirers. However, a knee injury in his teenage years ended his hopes of a career on the ice. Years passed, and John grew into a successful businessman, but his love for hockey never disappeared. One day, he stumbled upon an opportunity to review his childhood passion. The Rapid was organizing a charity (慈善) game to raise money for the town’s youth sports program. John reached out to the team’s manager, Mr Smith, with a special request. He wanted to suit up and play as the goaltender (守门员) for one period of the game, just for the fun of it and to encourage the younger players. Mr Smith was delighted and quickly arranged for John to join the team for the day. The news that John would take part in the game spread like wildfire in the town, and the stadium was packed with excited supporters. On the big day, John put on his old, a bit worn but still cherished hockey equipment (装备). He stepped onto the ice, feeling a rush of emotions that he hadn’t felt in decades. The crowd burst into cheers as he faced the first shot, and with each save, the energy grew. After the game, John surprised everyone by donating his game-worn equipment and a generous check to the local youth sports program. “I may not have been able to become a professional,” he said, “but I’m happy to give back and help these kids chase their dreams.” People were deeply moved by John’s selflessness in supporting the next generation. It was a reminder that even when our own dreams seem out of reach, we can still make a difference to the lives of others. 1.What ended John’s career as a hockey player? A. Growing old. B. His business success. C. His knee condition. D. Not being interested. 2.Why did John want to play in the charity game? A. To show off his skill. B. To inspire the youth. C. To win his honor back. D. To make more money. 3.What did John do after the game? A. He decided to give up hockey ever since. B. He said sorry for not being professional. C. He asked to check up his own equipment. D. He gave away his equipment and money. 4.Which of the following can best describe John? A. Warm-hearted and helpful. B. Creative but mean. C. Hard-working and honest. D. Kind but impatient. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。冰球爱好者John虽然未能实现自己的冰球职业梦想，但通过参与慈善比赛的方式支持下一代青少年去追求梦想。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“However, a knee injury in his teenage years ended his hopes of a career on the ice. (然而，十几岁时的一次膝盖受伤终结了他在冰上职业生涯的希望。)”可知，他的膝盖受伤结束了约翰的冰球运动员生涯。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“He wanted to suit up and play as the goaltender (守门员) for one period of the game, just for the fun of it and to encourage the younger players. (他想穿上队服，在比赛中担任一段时间的守门员，只是为了好玩，也为了鼓励年轻球员。)”可知，约翰参加慈善比赛是为了激励年轻球员。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“After the game, John surprised everyone by donating his game-worn equipment and a generous check to the local youth sports program. (比赛结束后，约翰把他的比赛装备和一张大额的支票捐给了当地的青少年体育项目，让所有人都大吃一惊。)”可知，比赛结束后约翰捐赠了他的设备和钱。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文可知，John虽然未能实现自己的冰球职业梦想，但通过参与慈善比赛的方式支持下一代青少年去追求梦想。由此可知，他是一个热心的、对他人有帮助的人。故选A项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·湖北鄂东南联考·期中）According to the UN, some 62m tonnes (百万公吨) of e-waste were produced in 2022. Only 22% is recycled. Most of the rest ends up in landfills, where in 2024 recoverable raw materials worth $63bn (十亿) went to waste. That figure is expected to grow to more than $80bn by 2030. Moreover, getting those materials out of the rubbish is also a challenge. A new generation of robots powered by artificial-intelligence (AI) models, however, looks to be up to the job. José Saenz and his team at the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation in Magdeburg, are developing a robotic system that can be used in a general recycling centre. The first thing the team’s robot does is identify any product it is offered. A camera photographs the item and compares the photo with pictures of different PCs. The robot also scans any labels and product codes to check whether service instructions or other disassembly (拆卸) tips are available online. Once the identification is complete, the AI system then determines which parts are worth removing, either in the form of raw materials or as complete parts to be used again. Analysis done, the AI creates a disassembly order to operate the robot’s arms. These are equipped with a selection of tools, such as drills, grippers and screwdrivers, to remove and sort items. So far, the team has got each stage in the disassembly process working in separate machines. They are now linking these together into a single robotic device (设备) able to complete the whole process. Once taking PCs apart has been mastered, the team will train robots to treat other products. The learning process will take time. Dr Saenz thinks it could be five years until they develop a commercial disassembly robot that could usefully work at a recycling centre taking apart anything from PCs to white goods and televisions. 1.What does the author try to show by listing the figures in paragraph 1? A. The severity of e-waste. B. The expectation of treating e-waste. C. The danger of recovering e-waste. D. The application of e-waste. 2.Why does the robot scan labels and product codes? A. To take photos of the product. B. To sort raw materials and parts. C. To find online disassembly help. D. To create a disassembly order. 3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The tools equipped on the robot’s arms. B. The purpose of developing the recycling robot. C. The working steps of the AI-powered recycling robot. D. The effectiveness of recycling different electronic products. 4.What is the team doing now with the disassembly process? A. Selling commercial disassembly robots. B. Using separate machines for each stage. C. Training robots to take apart white goods. D. Connecting stage machines into one device. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了电子垃圾的严峻现状及科研团队研发AI驱动机器人以解决电子垃圾回收难题的相关情况。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“According to the UN, some 62m tonnes (百万公吨) of e-waste were produced in 2022. Only 22% is recycled. Most of the rest ends up in landfills, where in 2024 recoverable raw materials worth 80bn by 2030. (根据联合国的数据，2022年产生了大约6200万吨电子垃圾。只有22%被回收利用。剩下的大部分最终都被填埋了，2024年，价值630亿美元的可回收原材料被浪费了。到2030年，这一数字预计将增长到800亿美元以上。)”可知，作者在第1段列出这些数字是想说明电子垃圾的严重性。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“The robot also scans any labels and product codes to check whether service instructions or other disassembly (拆卸) tips are available online. (机器人还会扫描任何标签和产品代码，以检查在线是否有服务说明或其他拆卸提示。)”可知，机器人要扫描标签和产品代码是为了查找在线拆卸帮助。故选C。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The first thing the team’s robot does is identify any product it is offered. A camera photographs the item and compares the photo with pictures of different PCs. The robot also scans any labels and product codes to check whether service instructions or other disassembly (拆卸) tips are available online. Once the identification is complete, the AI system then determines which parts are worth removing, either in the form of raw materials or as complete parts to be used again. Analysis done, the AI creates a disassembly order to operate the robot’s arms. These are equipped with a selection of tools, such as drills, grippers and screwdrivers, to remove and sort items. (该团队的机器人所做的第一件事是识别呈现在其面前的任何产品。摄像头会对该物品进行拍照，并将照片与不同电脑（PC）的图片进行比对。机器人还会扫描所有标签和产品编码，以检查网上是否有维修说明或其他拆卸提示。一旦完成识别，人工智能系统便会确定哪些部件值得拆除，这些部件要么以原材料的形式，要么作为可再次使用的完整部件。分析完成后，人工智能会生成一份拆卸指令，以操控机器人的机械臂。这些机械臂配备了一系列工具，如钻头、夹爪和螺丝刀等，用于拆卸和分类物品。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是人工智能回收机器人的工作步骤。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“So far, the team has got each stage in the disassembly process working in separate machines. They are now linking these together into a single robotic device (设备) able to complete the whole process. (该团队目前在拆卸流程方面正在将各阶段使用的机器整合成一台设备。)”可知，该团队目前在拆卸流程方面正在将各阶段使用的机器整合成一台设备。故选D。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖北来凤县第一中学·期中）It’s common knowledge that we use taste and smell to eat, but other senses are also included. For example, hearing a cook praising fish and chips can make us think it’s the best fast food. In fact, every sense matters for full enjoyment of a meal, and sight is especially important—it affects our food choices and even how much we eat. Just imagine: what if we eat with our eyes closed? Would we enjoy food the same way? For years, some restaurants have offered meals eaten with eyes closed, a special experience to “reconnect with food.” Without sight, people notice more about their food. Those who try it say the taste of many meals becomes stronger. Sight also connects closely with other senses during eating. Even without seeing a lemon, thinking about it makes our mouths water—a natural reaction (反应) to its acid flavor. Similarly, smelling a neighbor’s BBQ makes us long for it, even if we can’t see it. A German study shows eating with eyes closed may make us think we’re eating more. Students who ate ice cream with eyes closed stopped eating sooner than those who could see. This might be because, without seeing the food, we can’t judge the amount and focus only on what we’ve eaten, making us feel full faster. To test this, you can give it a try! 1.What does the author imply in the first paragraph? A. Cooks’ praise improves fish and chips’ actual taste. B. Only sight affects people’s food choices and intake. C. Senses beyond taste and smell affect eating experience. D. Fish and chips is the tastiest fast food cooks recommend. 2.What does the example of “thinking about a lemon” suggest? A. Lemons are popular mouth-watering fruit. B. People’s thirst for food is mainly caused by the sense of sight. C. The sense of taste is more sensitive to acidic foods like lemons. D. Our brain can link the memory of food’s sight to physical reactions. 3.Who may probably want to try eating with eyes closed? A. Ice-cream lovers. B. Ladies in need of losing weight. C. Cooks looking for more stories to tell. D. Store workers hoping to sell more food. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. To advise people to try eating with eyes closed to control food intake. B. To prove that all senses are equally necessary for people to enjoy meals. C. To discuss how various senses, especially sight, affect people’s eating experiences. D. To explain why some restaurants provide the experience of eating with eyes closed. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍除味觉嗅觉外的感官（尤其视觉）影响饮食体验，举例闭眼吃饭、德国冰淇淋研究，最后建议读者尝试。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s common knowledge that we use taste and smell to eat, but other senses are also included. For example, hearing a cook praising fish and chips can make us think it’s the best fast food. In fact, every sense matters for full enjoyment of a meal, and sight is especially important—it affects our food choices and even how much we eat. (我们用味觉和嗅觉进食是常识，但其他感官也会参与其中。例如，听到厨师夸赞炸鱼薯条，会让我们觉得它是最好的快餐。事实上，每种感官对充分享受食物都很重要，视觉尤其关键 —— 它会影响我们的食物选择，甚至影响我们吃多少。)”可知，作者暗示味觉和嗅觉之外的感官（如听觉、视觉）会影响进食体验。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“Even without seeing a lemon, thinking about it makes our mouths water—a natural reaction to its acid flavor.(即使没看到柠檬，想到它也会让我们流口水 —— 这是对它酸味的自然反应。)”可知，“想到柠檬”是大脑对柠檬视觉形象的记忆，“流口水”是身体反应，由此可推知大脑能将食物的视觉记忆与身体反应联系起来。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“A German study shows eating with eyes closed may make us think we’re eating more. Students who ate ice cream with eyes closed stopped eating sooner than those who could see. (一项德国研究表明，闭眼进食可能会让我们觉得自己吃了更多。闭眼吃冰淇淋的学生比睁眼吃的学生更早停止进食。)”可知，闭眼进食能让人更快有饱腹感，减少食量，因此需要减肥的女士可能想尝试。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In fact, every sense matters for full enjoyment of a meal, and sight is especially important—it affects our food choices and even how much we eat. Just imagine: what if we eat with our eyes closed? Would we enjoy food the same way?(事实上，要充分享受一顿饭，每种感官都至关重要，而视觉尤为关键 —— 它会影响我们对食物的选择，甚至会影响我们的食量。试想一下：如果我们闭着眼睛吃饭会怎样？还能像平时那样享受食物吗？)”以及下文可知，文章开篇指出“多种感官参与进食，视觉尤其重要”，随后通过“餐厅闭眼用餐体验”、“想到柠檬流口水”、“德国闭眼进食研究”等例子，分别说明视觉对味觉感知、与其他感官关联、对食量影响的作用，核心是“探讨多种感官（尤其视觉）如何影响进食体验”。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖北襄阳第四中学·期中）A recent study from the University of California San Diego reveals that young children between the ages of 3 and 5 can improve their musical abilities, especially in understanding musical pitches (音高), when learning Mandarin, compared to those who speak English. This research challenges the idea that our mental abilities are entirely separate from each other. It suggests that the skills children learn in one area can influence their learning in another. This raises questions about how our mental abilities relate to each other. The study involved two experiments with similar groups of Mandarin and English learners, totaling 180 children. They were tested on tasks related to pitch (high or low notes) and timbre (音色) (the quality of sound). Both groups performed similarly on the task related to timbre. However, Mandarin speakers performed better than English speakers on tasks related to pitch. Mandarin is a tonal language, which means the tone (音调) used when saying a word can change its meaning, not just add emphasis. For example, the Mandarin word “ma” can mean “mother,” “horse,” “hemp (麻),” or “scold,” depending on how it’s spoken. This focus on pitch helps young Mandarin speakers understand musical pitches better. Since both language and music involve changes in pitch, the study aimed to find out if understanding pitch in language is different from understanding it in music. The results suggest that experience with understanding musical pitches can also help in understanding language pitches, and vice versa (反之亦然). While learning Mandarin might offer an advantage due to its tonal nature, it’s important to note that the study doesn’t suggest replacing music lessons with language lessons or the other way around. Learning another language has many benefits, and music education remains important for musical skills. In summary, this is an extremely valuable research, highlighting the connections between cognitive (认知的) skills and emphasizing the value of exposing children to different languages and providing them with musical education for their overall development. 1.What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To offer the research result to be discussed. B. To introduce the concept of musical pitches. C. To present the University of California San Diego. D. To share a fact about children’s language development. 2.What is the challenged idea according to paragraph 2? A. The benefits of musical education. B. The difficulty of learning Mandarin. C. The separation of children’s skills. D. The importance of speaking English. 3.What is the advantage of learning Mandarin according to the study? A. Making music lessons no longer needed. B. Telling high and low musical notes apart better. C. Telling the difference in sound quality more easily. D. Improving children’s ability to learn other languages. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards this study? A. Critical B. Supportive C. Doubtful. D. Unclear 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究发现：3-5岁儿童学习普通话比学英语更能提升音乐音高理解能力，揭示了认知技能间的关联及多语言接触与音乐教育的重要性。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent study from the University of California San Diego reveals that young children between the ages of 3 and 5 can improve their musical abilities, especially in understanding musical pitches, when learning Mandarin, compared to those who speak English.(加州大学圣地亚哥分校最近的一项研究表明，与说英语的孩子相比，3-5岁的幼儿在学习普通话时，能够提高他们的音乐能力，尤其是在理解音乐音高方面)”可知，该段直接呈现了核心研究结果，为后文围绕这一结果展开的讨论（如技能关联性、研究细节、意义等）奠定基础。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“This research challenges the idea that our mental abilities are entirely separate from each other.(这项研究挑战了我们的心智能力是完全相互独立的观点)”可知，被挑战的观点是“心智能力（即儿童的各项技能）是相互分离的”。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study from the University of California San Diego reveals that young children between the ages of 3 and 5 can improve their musical abilities, especially in understanding musical pitches, when learning Mandarin, compared to those who speak English.(加州大学圣地亚哥分校最近的一项研究表明，与说英语的孩子相比，3-5岁的幼儿在学习普通话时，能够提高他们的音乐能力，尤其是在理解音乐音高方面)及第三段“However, Mandarin speakers performed better than English speakers on tasks related to pitch.(然而，说普通话的人在与音高相关的任务中表现比说英语的人更好)”可知，学习普通话的优势是能更好地辨别音乐中的高低音（音高）。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In summary, this is an extremely valuable research, highlighting the connections between cognitive skills and emphasizes the value of exposing children to different languages and providing them with musical education for their overall development.(总之，这是一项极具价值的研究，它凸显了认知技能之间的联系，并强调了让儿童接触不同语言和为他们提供音乐教育对其全面发展的价值)”可知，作者用“extremely valuable（极具价值的）”评价该研究，明确表达了支持态度。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·湖北鄂东南联考·期中）When you’re tired out, the idea of pushing yourself to work out can feel impossible. But a casual walk or stretching exercise might not seem out of reach. A new fitness trend has renamed these super low-intensity (强度) forms of movement as “zone zero” exercise. As the name suggests, zone zero training is meant to be so easy that it feels almost effortless, and it generally refers to any activity in which your heart rate stays below half of its maximum capacity. “It’s a new term for an old concept,” which is that any amount of physical activity is good for you, said Dr. Julia, a sports medicine physician. Many people can benefit from a no-stress approach, she added, especially if they’re used to “no pain, no gain” fitness messaging that suggests the only workout worth doing is one that feels like work. Less active people may benefit more from zone zero. If you spend most of your time sitting, even adding a modest amount of movement to your day can help to improve key measures of health like circulation, blood pressure and blood sugar, said Dr. Eli Friedman, who directs the sports cardiology (心脏病学) program. “The people who go from doing nothing to something get the most bang for the buck,” Dr. Friedman said. Over time, he added, moving gradually more and at gradually higher intensities can improve your balance and muscle strength. Zone zero shouldn’t replace more intense exercise. If you regularly exercise at middle or high intensities, zone zero training can be a useful complement to your fitness routine-but it’s not a substitute (替代). But on rest days, it can be a worthwhile form of active rest or recovery, which can help relieve muscle pain. Don’t overcomplicate it. Giving the activities of everyday life a seemingly formal name may motivate some people-especially those who have felt frightened by or excluded from more intense fitness spaces. But the key point is to increase your daily movement in whatever way feels manageable and sustainable. 1.What is a key feature of zone zero exercise according to the text? A. It causes slight muscle pain. B. It requires high muscle strength. C. It replaces middle-intensity exercise. D. It keeps the heart rate under half of the highest. 2.What does the underlined phrase “get the most bang for the buck” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Waste the most time. B. Gain the most benefits. C. Spend the most money. D. Face the most difficulties. 3.What is the author most likely to discuss next? A. Athletes’ promotion of zone zero. B. History of low-intensity exercise. C. Daily examples of zone zero exercise. D. Data of zone zero vs intense exercise. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. No Pain, No Gain: Outdated Fitness messaging. B. Active Rest: The Best Way to Relieve Muscle Pain. C. Zone Zero Exercise: A Substitute to Intense Exercise. D. Zone Zero Exercise: An Easy-to-do Way to Improve Health. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“零区运动”这一低强度健身新趋势，包括其特点、益处、适用场景及注意事项。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As the name suggests, zone zero training is meant to be so easy that it feels almost effortless, and it generally refers to any activity in which your heart rate stays below half of its maximum capacity.(顾名思义，零区训练非常轻松，几乎不费力气，通常指任何心率保持在最大心率一半以下的活动。)”可知，零区运动的核心特征是心率不超过最大心率的一半。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“If you spend most of your time sitting, even adding a modest amount of movement to your day can help to improve key measures of health like circulation, blood pressure and blood sugar(如果你大部分时间都坐着，即使每天增加少量运动，也有助于改善循环、血压和血糖等关键健康指标)”及“Over time, he added, moving gradually more and at gradually higher intensities can improve your balance and muscle strength.(他补充说，随着时间的推移，逐渐增加运动量和强度可以改善平衡能力和肌肉力量)”可知，从不运动到开始做零区运动的人能获得诸多健康益处，故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But the key point is to increase your daily movement in whatever way feels manageable and sustainable.(但关键是要以任何感觉可行且可持续的方式增加日常活动量)”可知，作者强调零区运动的核心是“日常可执行的轻微运动”，前文已介绍其定义、益处和注意事项，接下来最可能列举日常中属于零区运动的具体例子，帮助读者理解如何实践。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段引出“零区运动”这一低强度健身趋势；第二段解释其定义和核心特征；第三段说明其对缺乏运动人群的健康益处；第四段强调其不能替代高强度运动，但可作为积极休息方式；最后一段呼吁以简单可行的方式增加日常运动。全文围绕“零区运动是一种轻松易做的健康改善方式”展开，D项“零区运动：一种轻松易践行的健康改善方式”为最佳标题。故选D项。 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖北部分学校·期中）A recent study drawing on 28 years of data has proved the old saying: There’s no such thing as a free lunch. In the study, scientists found that dolphin mothers that interact (互动) with boaters have nearly twice as many babies as female dolphins that stay away. But those babies are nine times more likely to die before reaching adulthood. The number one cause of their death in Sarasota Bay is associated with sport fishing. That high death rate poses a problem for the population as a whole. In the United States, feeding dolphins is illegal under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, but it still happens often. Even though we might not mean to, with just our presence, we’re conditioning animals to be around humans more. That closeness increases a dolphin’s risk of being struck by a boat, trapped in a fishing line, or caught by a fishing hook. Dolphins are smart and social animals and their begging has motivations. Getting fish from people instead of hunting could allow female dolphins to save time and energy that they can instead put toward reproduction. It makes sense that the dolphins eating up bait (诱饵), getting fish from a fisher’s line, and approaching boats for food can have more babies. However, studies of other species around the world, such as green sea turtles in the Bahamas, show that animals that become dependent on human handouts stop hunting for food. This is true of Sarasota Bay’s dolphins, and it’s a preference that they pass on. Dolphins from one family have been approaching boats for four generations. That behavior is even more dangerous for the youngsters — little dolphins can be killed by boats or fishing equipment as they try to stay close to their moms. For these dolphin mothers, losing multiple babies one by one likely causes emotional distress. Over time, this stress on female dolphins and the deaths of so many babies could cause population numbers to fall. We can’t stop the dolphins from interacting with humans. But we can teach people to enjoy wild animals from a safe distance. And for dolphins’ own good, stop giving them food. 1.What can we learn about female dolphins interacting with humans from the text? A. They bear more baby dolphins. B. They suffer more from sport fishing. C. They have been studied for 28 years. D. They help increase dolphin’s population. 2.Why do dolphins interact with people? A. To make sense of their life. B. To keep the unique relation with humans. C. To reduce their reproduction. D. To save time and energy. 3.What suggestion does the author make to us? A. Stop sport fishing. B. Stop feeding dolphins. C. Stop hunting dolphins for food. D. Stop dolphins from interacting with humans. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. Dolphins’ population. B. Enjoy wild animals closer. C. Keep a safe distance from dolphins. D. Dolphins’ interaction with boaters. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章指出与人类互动的海豚妈妈生的小海豚数量是远离人类的海豚妈妈的两倍，但这些小海豚的死亡率更高，这会给雌性海豚带来情绪困扰，随着时间的推移，这种对雌性海豚的压力和如此多婴儿的死亡可能会导致种群数量下降，作者呼吁人们在安全距离内欣赏海豚，不要对其喂食。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。由第一段中“In the study, scientists found that dolphin mothers that interact (互动) with boaters have nearly twice as many babies as female dolphins that stay away. (在这项研究中，科学家发现，与划船者互动的海豚母亲的婴儿数量几乎是远离划船者的雌性海豚的两倍)”可知，与人类互动的雌海豚繁殖更多的小海豚。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。由第三段中“Getting fish from people instead of hunting could allow female dolphins to save time and energy that they can instead put toward reproduction. (从人类那里得到鱼而不是狩猎，可以让雌性海豚节省时间和精力，转而用于繁殖)”可知，海豚与人类互动是为了节省时间和精力。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。由最后一段“We can’t stop the dolphins from interacting with humans. But we can teach people to enjoy wild animals from a safe distance. And for dolphins’ own good, stop giving them food. (我们无法阻止海豚与人类互动。但我们可以教人们在安全的距离欣赏野生动物。为了海豚的利益，停止给它们食物)”可知，作者建议人们停止喂食海豚。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。由最后一段中“But we can teach people to enjoy wild animals from a safe distance. And for dolphins’ own good, stop giving them food. (但我们可以教人们在安全的距离欣赏野生动物。为了海豚的利益，停止给它们食物)”和全文可知，文章指出与人类互动的海豚妈妈生的小海豚数量是远离人类的海豚妈妈的两倍，但这些小海豚的死亡率更高，这会给雌性海豚带来情绪困扰，随着时间的推移，这种对雌性海豚的压力和如此多婴儿的死亡可能会导致种群数量下降，作者呼吁人们在安全距离内欣赏海豚，不要对其喂食，C项“与海豚保持安全距离”适合做标题。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖北鄂东南联考·期中）After Centuries of Decline, Hope on the Islands Human exploitation (过度利用) of the Galapagos giant tortoise led to a sharp decrease in all species, three of which became extinct. Decades of conservation efforts, such as captive breeding (人工饲养) and control of invasive animals (入侵动物), changed the population fall-off. 1.How many tortoise species became extinct due to human exploitation? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 2.What does the left-hand graph mainly show? A. The diverse types of Galapagos giant tortoises. B. The discovery time of the Galapagos archipelago. C. The declining number of Galapagos giant tortoises. D. The conservation efforts for Galapagos giant tortoises. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards the conservation efforts? A. Doubtful. B. Negative. C. Unclear. D. Positive. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类过度利用导致加拉帕戈斯巨龟数量锐减，但经过数十年的保护努力，情况有所改善。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Human exploitation (过度利用) of the Galapagos giant tortoise led to a sharp decrease in all species, three of which became extinct.(人类对加拉帕戈斯巨龟的过度利用导致所有物种数量急剧减少，其中三个物种已经灭绝)”可知，由于人类的过度利用，有三种巨龟物种灭绝。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据左侧图表内容，其展示了从1535年到1950年加拉帕戈斯巨龟数量从约30万只大幅下降的过程，包括“Whaling(捕鲸)”时期、“Colonization(殖民)”时期的数量减少情况。因此，左侧图表主要显示加拉帕戈斯巨龟数量的下降情况。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Decades of conservation efforts, such as captive breeding (人工饲养) and control of invasive animals (入侵动物), changed the population fall-off.(数十年的保护努力，如人工饲养和控制入侵动物，改变了种群数量的下降趋势)”可知，作者认为保护努力取得了成效，对保护努力持积极态度。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）In the old libraries of Dunhuang’s Mogao Caves, a 21-year-old computer student named Zhang Wei found something amazing. While studying 50,000 ancient papers scanned (扫描) into computers since 2020, she noticed that 30% had strange marks no one could read. These marks came from old languages once used along the Silk Road. This led her to create “SilkRoad AI” — a computer program that mixes language studies with smart machines to understand forgotten writing. Zhang’s success came from studying stone markers in Xi’an. These stones had the same message in Chinese and two other ancient languages. Her program looked at how the marks were drawn and what they might mean. After months of work, the AI guessed 82% of the unknown marks correctly by matching them to known sounds. But some experts voiced different opinions. Professor Li from Beijing University said, “Computers can’t understand the hidden stories in old writings.” In 2023, Zhang’s team tested their AI at an international history meeting. They used it to read a 1,200-year-old medical book from an ancient kingdom. The computer translated plant names and found 17 types still used in traditional medicine. When scientists checked these findings against modern plant records, they were proved correct. The test helped Zhang get UNESCO’s support to protect disappearing local languages. Now working with the British Museum on ancient Indian writings, Zhang’s AI has helped experts understand 4,000-year-old business records. Her newest idea uses phone cameras — when visitors point their phones at damaged paintings in the Mogao Caves, they can see repaired pictures with computer-translated explanations. “We’re not just solving word puzzles,” Zhang says. “We’re helping people from different times and places talk to each other again.” 1.What led Zhang Wei to create “SilkRoad AI”? A. A program about the Silk Road. B. Her interest in computer science. C. Strange marks on ancient papers. D. Amazing libraries of Mogao Caves. 2.What was Professor Li’s attitude towards Zhang Wei’s methods? A. Doubtful. B. Uninterested. C. Unclear. D. Positive. 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. A study on traditional medicine. B. An international history meeting. C. The effectiveness of SilkRoad AI. D. The protection of local languages. 4.What can we learn from Zhang’s words in the last paragraph? A. Her newest idea is creative. B. Her work easily solves word puzzles. C. Her AI helps understand business records. D. Her program connects the past and present. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了21岁的计算机专业学生张薇通过创建“SilkRoad AI”项目，利用人工智能技术解读古代文献中的未知符号，为保护和传承消失的当地语言做出贡献的故事。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“While studying 50,000 ancient papers scanned (扫描) into computers since 2020, she noticed that 30% had strange marks no one could read. These marks came from old languages once used along the Silk Road. This led her to create “SilkRoad AI” — a computer program that mixes language studies with smart machines to understand forgotten writing. (在研究自2020年以来扫描到电脑中的5万份古代文献时，她注意到30%的文献上有奇怪的符号，没人能读懂。这些符号来自曾经在丝绸之路上使用的古老语言。这促使她创建了“SilkRoad AI”——一个将语言研究与智能机器相结合，以理解被遗忘文字的计算机程序。)”可知，古代文献上的奇怪符号促使张薇创建了“SilkRoad AI”。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“But some experts voiced different opinions. Professor Li from Beijing University said, “Computers can’t understand the hidden stories in old writings.” (但一些专家表达了不同的意见。北京大学的李教授说：“计算机无法理解古老文字中隐藏的故事。”)”可推知，李教授对张薇的方法持怀疑态度。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“In 2023, Zhang’s team tested their AI at an international history meeting. They used it to read a 1,200-year-old medical book from an ancient kingdom. The computer translated plant names and found 17 types still used in traditional medicine. When scientists checked these findings against modern plant records, they were proved correct. The test helped Zhang get UNESCO’s support to protect disappearing local languages. (2023年，张薇的团队在一个国际历史会议上测试了他们的人工智能。他们用它来阅读一本来自一个古老王国的1200年前的医学书籍。计算机翻译了植物名称，并发现了17种仍在传统医学中使用的植物。当科学家将这些发现与现代植物记录进行比对时，它们被证明是正确的。这次测试帮助张薇获得了联合国教科文组织的支持，以保护正在消失的当地语言。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了“SilkRoad AI”在解读古代文献方面的有效性。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““We’re not just solving word puzzles,” Zhang says. “We’re helping people from different times and places talk to each other again.” (“我们不仅仅是在解决文字谜题，”张薇说。“我们正在帮助不同时代和地方的人们再次相互交流。”)”可推知，张薇认为她的程序连接了过去和现在。故选D项。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·湖北部分高中联考·期中）Chinese painting, or Guohua, is a centuries-old art form that weaves together ink, brushstrokes (笔触), and deep philosophical insights. Rooted in ancient traditions, it focuses on “Xie Yi” and “Yi Jing”. Its goal is to capture the essence of a subject rather than its physical appearance, inviting viewers to engage with the artist’s inner world. The tools of Chinese painting are as symbolic as the art itself. Xuan paper, known for its absorbency, and ink sticks rubbed on ink stones produce varying tones of black. Brushes, crafted from animal hair, allow artists to create strokes ranging from bold and forceful to whisper-thin. These materials, alongside mineral pigments (颜料) like lapis lazuli (for blue) and cinnabar (for red), form the “Four Treasures of the Study”, reflecting the harmony between nature and human creativity. Styles in Chinese painting are divided into two main types: Gongbi and Xieyi. Gongbi, or detailed painting, requires great care, using fine lines and bright colors to show royal scenes or birds and flowers. Xieyi, or freehand painting, focuses on natural expression and emotion, often seen in landscapes that use ink washes to create misty mountains or flowing rivers. Subjects in Chinese painting mirror cultural values. Landscapes dominate, symbolizing humanity’s connection to nature and Taoist principles of harmony. Bird-and-flower paintings use symbols like plum blossoms and bamboo to convey moral virtues. Figure painting, from Tang Dynasty court portraits to Zhang Zeduan’s Along the River During the Qingming Festival, captures historical narratives and daily life. In the 20th century, artists like Qi Baishi changed traditional styles by mixing ink painting with Western ideas. He painted shrimp with smooth, lively brushstrokes that make them look alive. Wu Guanzhong tried new ways to paint landscapes with ink, while today’s artists even mix Chinese calligraphy with computer art. However, Chinese painting still acts as a bridge connecting old and new — like a poetic picture that shows the heart of Chinese culture in every brushstroke. 1.What is the main function of Xuan paper in Chinese painting according to the passage? A. It is the only symbol of Chinese painting. B. It is used to store ink sticks and ink stones. C. It helps to create bold and forceful brush marks. D. Its water-absorbing ability enables the creation of different black shades. 2.What distinguishes Xieyi painting from Gongbi? A. Focus on details painting. B. Emphasis on emotional expression. C. Inclusion of historical figures. D. Use of fine lines and bright colors. 3.Why does the author mention Qi Baishi and Wu Guanzhong? A. To compare them with ancient painters. B. To explain the decline of ink painting. C. To show how traditions develop. D. To criticize modern art trends. 4.What is the central theme of the passage? A. Exploring Chinese painting’s cultural and philosophical roots. B. Comparing artistic tools in Chinese and Western painting. C. Debating the significance of ink versus color. D. Introducing famous masters of Chinese painting. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国画的工具材料、艺术风格、题材内涵及现当代发展，强调其以“写意”和“意境”为核心的美学理念，以及贯穿古今的文化哲学价值。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Xuan paper, known for its absorbency, and ink sticks rubbed on ink stones produce varying tones of black. (宣纸因其吸水性而闻名，与墨锭在砚台上研磨后能产生深浅不同的墨色)”可知，宣纸的吸水性是实现墨色层次的关键。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Gongbi, or detailed painting, requires great care, using fine lines and bright colors to show royal scenes or birds and flowers. Xieyi, or freehand painting, focuses on natural expression and emotion, often seen in landscapes that use ink washes to create misty mountains or flowing rivers. (工笔，又称细笔画，需要极其细致的技法，通过精细的线条和鲜艳的色彩来表现宫廷场景或花鸟题材。写意，或称徒手作画，则注重自然流露的情感和意境，常见于山水画中，运用水墨晕染来营造云雾缭绕的山峦或奔流不息的江河)”可知，写意画与工笔画的主要区别在于前者更注重情感表达而非精细描绘。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In the 20th century, artists like Qi Baishi changed traditional styles by mixing ink painting with Western ideas. He painted shrimp with smooth, lively brushstrokes that make them look alive. Wu Guanzhong tried new ways to paint landscapes with ink, while today’s artists even mix Chinese calligraphy with computer art. (20世纪，齐白石等艺术家通过将水墨画与西方理念相融合，开创了传统风格的革新。他以流畅生动的笔触描绘虾，使其跃然纸上。吴冠中则尝试用笔墨探索山水画的新表现方式，而当代艺术家更将中国书法与数字艺术相结合)”可知，齐白石将水墨画与西方理念相融合，吴冠中用笔墨探索山水画的新表现方式，两人均在传统基础上创新。由此推知，作者是以他们这样的艺术家为例说明传统的演进。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Chinese painting, or Guohua, is a centuries-old art form that weaves together ink, brushstrokes (笔触), and deep philosophical insights. Rooted in ancient traditions, it focuses on “Xie Yi” and “Yi Jing”. (中国画，又称国画，是一种源远流长的艺术形式，它将水墨、笔触与深邃的哲学思想融为一体。植根于古老传统，国画注重“写意”与“意境”的表现)”可知，文章通过工具材料、艺术风格、题材内涵及现当代发展四个维度，系统阐述了中国画如何承载哲学思想与文化价值，因此A项“探索中国画的文化和哲学根源”是其核心主题。故选A项。 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高一上·湖北荆州沙市中学·期中）When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed an exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed more work to advance her own career. But instead of anxiety, she called her friend. “I congratulated her and told her she inspired me,” she says. She was surprised when it changed her attitude, so she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn. Finding pleasure in another person’s good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude, a term that describes the joy we feel when someone else succeeds, even if it isn’t directly connected with us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College in Pennsylvania. It makes relationships “closer and more enjoyable”. Sharing in someone else’s joy can also improve life satisfaction and resilience(适应力) and help people cooperate during a disagreement. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. Sometimes, your loss might last, making freudenfreude feel out of reach. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. And factors such as mental health and overall wellbeing(幸福) can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile and there are ways to encourage the feeling. Instead of an automatic response, freudenfreude is often an active process. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and her colleagues developed a programme called FreudenfreudeEnhancement Training (FET). They found that depressed people who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which built up their relationships and improved their mood. Jean Grae, an artist, supports friends in this mindset. When someone gets a new opportunity or reaches a milestone, she makes sure to celebrate. Grae says she’s especially moved when anyone considered ‘other’ succeeds. “It’s truly inspirational,” she says, “because it lifts us all up and makes us shine.” 1.What do we know about Eugenie George? A. She took pride in passing her exam. B. She shared her success with her friend. C. She was pleased with her friend’s success. D. She was annoyed at her failure in an exam. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about freudenfreude? A. Its great benefits. B. Its disadvantages. C. Reasons for its absence. D. Ways of improving it. 3.Why is Freudenfreude Enhancement Training (FET) held? A. To test the effect of freudenfreude. B. To help people apply freudenfreude. C. To get people to know freudenfreude. D. To show the advantages of freudenfreude. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. How to experience freudenfreude? B. Let’s share what leads to freudenfreude. C. Freudenfreude: View others’ success as our own. D. A win-win: Freudenfreude brings our own pleasure. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了“乐他人之幸”会给自己带来好处。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的““I congratulated her and told her she inspired me,” she says. She was surprised when it changed her attitude, so she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn. (她说，“我向她表示祝贺，并告诉她，她激励了我”。当这件事改变了她的态度时，她很惊讶，这样她就可以分享朋友的快乐，反过来自己体验到了快乐。)”可知， Eugenie George听到朋友通过了考试后，对她取得的成功感到高兴。故选C。 (2)题解析： 段落大意题。根据第三段的“While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. Sometimes, your loss might last, making freudenfreude feel out of reach. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. And factors such as mental health and overall wellbeing can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. (尽管乐他人之幸的好处很多，但它并不总是来得容易。有时，你的失落感可能会持续下去，让乐他人之幸的感觉遥不可及。Chambliss说，如果你在一个将胜利与自我价值相结合的家庭中长大，你可能会把别人的胜利误解为自己的个人缺点。心理健康和整体幸福感等因素也会影响你参与他人快乐的能力。) ”可知，该段提到了个人失落感、心理健康和整体幸福感等因素是可能让个人难以从他人的成功中感受到快乐的原因。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Instead of an automatic response, freudenfreude is often an active process. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and her colleagues developed a programme called FreudenfreudeEnhancement Training (FET). They found that depressed people who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which built up their relationships and improved their mood. (乐他人之幸不是一个自动的反应，它往往是一个积极的过程。为了帮助人们增强分享快乐的能力，Chambliss和她的同事们开发了一个名为“弗洛伊德强化训练”的项目。他们发现，抑郁的人在进行了两周的练习后，更容易表达乐他人之幸的情绪，从而建立了他们的人际关系，改善了他们的情绪。)”可知，创办“弗洛伊德强化训练”的项目旨在帮助人们将乐他人之幸的能力应用到生活之中。故选B。 (4)题解析： 标题判断题。通读全文，根据第一段的““I congratulated her and told her she inspired me,” she says. She was surprised when it changed her attitude, so she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn. (她说，“我向她表示祝贺，并告诉她，她激励了我”。当这件事改变了她的态度时，她很惊讶，这样她就可以分享她朋友的快乐，并反过来体验自己的快乐。)”可知， Eugenie George听到朋友通过了考试后，她的内心被感染了，打电话祝贺朋友，并告诉她朋友的成功让她感到振奋。因此，Eugenie George对于她的朋友成功感到高兴。根据最后一段的“Jean Grae, an artist, supports friends in this mindset. When someone gets a new opportunity or reaches a milestone, she makes sure to celebrate. Grae says she’s especially moved when anyone considered ‘other’ succeeds. “It’s truly inspirational,” she says, “because it lifts us all up and makes us shine.” (艺术家Jean Grae支持有这种心态的朋友。当某人得到一个新机会或达到一个里程碑时，她一定要庆祝。Jean Grae说，当有人认为别 人成功时，她会特别感动。她说，“这真的很鼓舞人心”，“因为它让我们振作起来，让我们发光”。)”可知，文章主要探讨了乐他人之幸会让自己开心，D项“A win-win: Freudenfreude brings our own pleasure. (双赢：乐他人之幸带来我们自己的快乐。)”能够概括文章内容，适合作为标题。故选D。 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·湖北荆州中学·期中）A recent video made the rounds to thousands of users for its argument: “Why you MUST throw away your AirPods.” In it, the user argued that wireless earbuds (无线耳机) “sit inside your head and cook your brain” because of the radiation (辐射) they give off. Similar videos have been found across different social media platforms, warning that wireless earbuds can cause cancer, memory loss, tiredness and other health problems. A few social platforms have removed these videos, stating they spread medical misinformation. But is there any truth to these warnings? Are you risking your health for the convenience of wireless headphones, or are you increasing your risk for brain cancer? “This is a very common worry and a question that I hear often from my patients: They want to know if their phones or earbuds caused their brain cancer,” says Dr Naveed Wagle, a neuro-oncologist. “The short answer is it’s probably not the only cause,” Dr Wagle says, “but we don’t have enough information yet to say for sure or to know if it’s a cause.” While wireless technology has been there since the late 1990s, wireless earbuds have only come on the scene in the past few years. This short period means that there’s a lot of scientists who still just don’t know about the long-term health influences, especially for people who use them for hours every day. Here’s what the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) says about wireless earbuds and your health: “At present, no scientific evidence (证据) suggests a connection between wireless earbuds and cancer or other illnesses. Those suggesting the possible risks of using wireless earbuds agree that more and longer-term studies should explore whether there is a better basis for wireless earbuds safety standards than the one being used.” 1.Why are the videos removed from social platforms? A. Because they may give off radiation. B. Because they contain unreal messages. C. Because they may cause health problems. D. Because they draw little attention of users. 2.How does Dr. Wagle feel about the problem of wireless earbuds? A. Incorrect. B. Impossible. C. Uncertain. D. Disappointed. 3.What is the purpose of paragraph 4? A. Introduce a topic. B. Give an example. C. Present a reason. D. Provide a solution. 4.What does FCC mean about wireless earbuds use? A. We need further research on its safety. B. It has the perfect safety standards now. C. It will not be connected with any illness. D. There is no need to worry about its risks. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了关于无线耳机可能对健康造成影响的传言及其科学依据。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A few social platforms have removed these videos, stating they spread medical misinformation.(一些社交平台删除了这些视频，称它们传播了医疗错误信息。)”可知，这些视频被删除是因为它们传播了医疗错误信息，即含有不真实的消息。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中““The short answer is it’s probably not the only cause,” Dr Wagle says, “but we don’t have enough information yet to say for sure or to know if it’s a cause.”(“简短的回答是，它可能不是唯一的原因，”瓦格尔博士说，“但我们还没有足够的信息来确定，或者知道它是否是原因。”)”可知，瓦格尔博士认为无线耳机可能不是导致健康问题的唯一原因，但目前还没有足够的信息来确定或知道它是否是原因，因此他对这个问题感到不确定。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“While wireless technology has been there since the late 1990s, wireless earbuds have only come on the scene in the past few years. This short period means that there’s a lot of scientists who still just don’t know about the long-term health influences, especially for people who use them for hours every day.(虽然无线技术自20世纪90年代末就已经存在，但无线耳机直到最近几年才出现。这个短暂的时间意味着很多科学家仍然不知道它们对健康的长期影响，特别是对于那些每天使用它们几个小时的人来说。)”可知，本段解释了为什么科学家们对无线耳机的长期健康影响知之甚少，即无线耳机出现的时间较短，因此本段的目的是呈现一个原因。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Those suggesting the possible risks of using wireless earbuds agree that more and longer-term studies should explore whether there is a better basis for wireless earbuds safety standards than the one being used.(那些提出使用无线耳机可能存在风险的人同意，应该进行更多和更长期的研究，以探索是否有比目前使用的更好的无线耳机安全标准基础。)”可知，美国联邦通信委员会（FCC）认为关于无线耳机的安全性需要进一步的研究。故选A。 主题语境05 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·湖北利川第一中学·期中）You have two basic types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Things you see or hear first enter your short-term memory. Very little of this information passes on into your long-term memory. Does this mean you have a bad memory? Not at all. Your short-term memory has a certain job. Its job is to store information for a few seconds only. Your short-term memory is at work when you look up a phone number, call the number, and then forget it. You remembered the number just long enough to use it. Then it disappeared from your memory. That’s really a good thing. Imagine if your memory held every number, every face, and every word you ever knew! However, some information is important to remember for a longer time. Then it must pass from short-term to long-term memory. Sometimes we tell ourselves to remember something. We might also practice it: “OK, don’t forget: 555-1212, 555-1212.” Usually, we don’t even think about it. Our brain makes the decision for us. It decides to store the information or let it go. The brain seems to make the decision by asking two questions: Does the information affect our emotions? That is, does it make us happy, sad, excited, or upset? Does the information concern something we already know, so our brain can store it with something already there? An answer of “Yes” means that the new information enters long-term memory. That means the brain creates new connections among brain cells. Information disappears when connections among brain cells become weak. They get weak if time passes and the connections are not used. That’s why it is good to read your lecture notes soon after the class. To keep the memory of something strong, think of it often. For example, look at those lecture notes the next day. Look at them the day after that, too. Every time you think about something, the connections in the brain get stronger. Then it is easier to remember the information when you need it. 1.When is your short-term memory at work? A. You look up an important phone number and repeat it again and again. B. You read English words every morning. C. What you’ve learned is reviewed after class. D. The impression of a stranger soon disappears after you meet with him/ her. 2.What information enters long-term memory according to the passage? A. Information concerning something unfamiliar. B. Information affecting our emotions. C. Information creating brain cells. D. Information reaching you first. 3.How can we keep the long-term memory of lecture notes strong? A. By remembering them for a long time for only once. B. By looking at them after months. C. By referring to them regularly. D. By putting them away after class. 4.Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A popular magazine. B. A science fiction. C. A news story. D. A book review. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类的两种记忆类型——短期记忆和长期记忆，阐释了二者的功能区别、信息转化为长期记忆的条件，以及巩固长期记忆的方法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Your short-term memory is at work when you look up a phone number, call the number, and then forget it. You remembered the number just long enough to use it. Then it disappeared from your memory.(当你查阅一个电话号码、拨打这个号码然后就忘记它时，你的短期记忆就在起作用。你记住这个号码的时间刚好够使用它，之后它就从你的记忆中消失了。)”可知，短期记忆起作用的特点是信息短暂存储后快速遗忘，遇见陌生人后印象很快消失符合这一特征。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据五至七段“Does the information affect our emotions? That is, does it make us happy, sad, excited, or upset? Does the information concern something we already know, so our brain can store it with something already there? An answer of “Yes” means that the new information enters long-term memory. That means the brain creates new connections among brain cells.(这些信息会影响我们的情绪吗？也就是说，它会让我们快乐、悲伤、兴奋还是不安？这些信息是否与我们已经知道的东西有关，所以我们的大脑可以将它与已经存在的东西存储起来？回答“是”意味着新信息进入了长期记忆。这意味着大脑在脑细胞之间建立了新的连接)”可推知，影响我们情绪的信息会进入长期记忆。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“To keep the memory of something strong, think of it often. For example, look at those lecture notes the next day. Look at them the day after that, too. Every time you think about something, the connections in the brain get stronger.(为了牢固记住某件事，要经常回想它。例如，第二天看课堂笔记，之后再看。每次你回想某事，大脑中的连接就会变得更强。)”可知，定期翻看课堂笔记可以巩固长期记忆。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。结合全文可知，本文用通俗易懂的语言讲解记忆相关的科学知识，内容贴近大众生活，语言浅显易懂，符合大众科普杂志的文体特征，并非科幻小说、新闻故事或书评。故选A。 主题语境06 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖北襄阳第一中学·期中）Eating a plant-based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a recent study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts. The findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition are rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. “Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (心血管疾病),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements. “Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)... related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion. “Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement. “The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e. g., vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email. “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is that we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. 1.What can we learn from the new study led by Feng? A. It followed a young UK person for 13 years. B. Its findings came as no surprise to other people. C. It overturned the conclusion of previous studies. D. Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people. 2.What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect? A. It was totally made up by some researchers. B. It still held true despite some different findings. C. It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle. D. It was a misconception caused by differences in people. 3.What does the underlined phrase “take exception to” in Paragraph 6 mean? A. Voice objections to. B. Add details to. C. Show respect for. D. Take notice of. 4.What did Lichtenstein think of the study? A. It was groundbreaking. B. It was one-sided. C. It would cause confusion. D. It needed more evidence. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于植物基饮食对心脏健康影响的研究结果，并讨论了研究结论及其受到的质疑。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“The findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition are rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. (周一发表在《营养前沿》杂志上的一项对近40万英国成年人饮食的新分析结果相当令人震惊：长期食用蔬菜，尤其是煮熟的蔬菜，并不能降低患心脏病的风险)”和第三段““Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (心血管疾病),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. (牛津大学的流行病学家齐峰在一份声明中说：“我们的大型研究没有发现蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病的发生有保护作用的证据。”)”可知，这项研究发现烹饪过的蔬菜并不能降低心脏病风险，颠覆了之前的研究结论。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段““Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)... related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. (“相反，我们的分析表明，蔬菜摄入对心血管疾病风险的表面保护作用很可能是由偏见造成的……这与社会经济状况和生活方式的差异有关，”冯说)”可知，冯认为这是由于人与人之间的差异造成的误解。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第六段中“Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly (讨厌素食者们，先别开始庆祝。英国和美国的专家很快)”和第七段““Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement. (英国心脏基金会的高级营养师维多利亚·泰勒在一份声明中说：“虽然这项研究发现，一旦考虑到其他生活方式和其他因素，吃更多的蔬菜与降低患心脏和循环系统疾病的风险无关，但这并不意味着我们应该停止吃蔬菜。”)”可知，英国和美国的专家提出了异议，所以划线词组took exception to意思是“提出反对意见”。A. Voice objections to表达反对意见；B. Add details to添加细节；C. Show respect for表示尊重；D. Take notice of注意到。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段““One thing that has become clear over the past decade is that we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. (利希滕斯坦说：“在过去的十年里，有一件事变得很清楚，那就是我们不应该只关注单一的食物或营养素，而应该关注整个饮食模式。”)”可推知，利希滕斯坦认为这项研究是片面的，因为它只关注单一食物或营养素，而没有考虑整体饮食模式。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）For many students, staying awake all night to study is common practice. According to Medical News Today, around 20 percent of students pull all-nighters at least once a month, and about 35 percent stay up past three in the morning once or more weekly. That being said, staying up all night to study is one of the worst things students can do for their grades. In October of 2022, two MIT professors found a relationship between sleep and test scores: the less students slept during the semester, the worse their scores. So, why is it that sleep is so important for test scores? In the last 20 years, scientists have found that sleep impacts more than just students’ ability to perform well; it improves their ability to learn, memorize, retain (保存), recall, and use their new knowledge to solve problems creatively, which contributes to better test scores. When learning facts and information, most of what we learn is temporarily stored in a region of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体). Some scientists believe that, like most storage centers, the hippocampus has limited storage capacity. This means, if the hippocampus is full, and we try to learn more information, we won’t be able to. In one study, a group of 44 participants underwent two sessions of learning, once at noon and again at 6:00 PM. Half of the group was allowed to nap (小睡) between sessions, while the other half took part in standard activities. The researchers found that the group that napped between learning sessions learned just as easily at 6:00 PM as they did at noon. The group that didn’t nap, however, experienced a significant decrease in learning ability. It’s no surprise that the MIT study previously mentioned revealed no improvement in scores for those who only guarantee good sleep the night before a big test. In fact, the MIT researchers concluded that if students want to see an improvement in their test scores, they have to guarantee good sleep during the entire learning process. 1.What did the two MIT professors find in 2022? A. Most students were lacking in sleep. B. Students were under too much pressure. C. Good sleep improved students’ memory. D. Insufficient sleep worsened students’ grades. 2.According to some scientists, what will happen if our hippocampus fills up? A. We’ll forget things easily. B. We’ll fail to learn new things. C. We’ll get ready to think creatively. D. We’ll activate other parts of our brain. 3.What may the MIT researchers advise students to do to improve their test scores? A. Study late before a test. B. Sleep as much as you can. C. Form good sleep habits. D. Focus on study during the daytime. 4.How does the author try to prove his point? A. By offering research results. B. By providing experts’ views. C. By analyzing some theories. D. By sharing some experiences. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了睡眠对学生学业成绩的重要性，通过研究结果和科学理论，阐述了睡眠不足对学生学习、记忆和问题解决能力的负面影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In October of 2022, two MIT professors found a relationship between sleep and test scores: the less students slept during the semester, the worse their scores.(2022年10月，两位麻省理工学院的教授发现了睡眠和考试成绩之间的关系：学生在这学期睡眠越少，他们的成绩就越差)”可知，2022年，两位麻省理工学院的教授发现了睡眠不足会使学生的成绩变差。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some scientists believe that, like most storage centers, the hippocampus has limited storage capacity. This means, if the hippocampus is full, and we try to learn more information, we won’t be able to.(一些科学家认为，和大多数存储中心一样，海马体的存储容量有限。这意味着，如果海马体已满，而我们试图学习更多的信息，我们将无法做到)”可知，一些科学家认为，如果我们的海马体填满了，我们将无法学习新事物。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In fact, the MIT researchers concluded that if students want to see an improvement in their test scores, they have to guarantee good sleep during the entire learning process.(事实上，麻省理工学院的研究人员得出结论，如果学生想看到他们的考试成绩有所提高，他们必须保证在整个学习过程中有良好的睡眠)”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员认为，学生必须保证在整个学习过程中有良好的睡眠，即养成良好的睡眠习惯，才能看到考试成绩的提高。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In October of 2022, two MIT professors found a relationship between sleep and test scores: The less students slept during the semester, the worse their scores.(2022年10月，两位麻省理工学院的教授发现了睡眠和考试成绩之间的关系：学生在这学期睡眠越少，他们的成绩就越差)”，第五段中“In one study, a group of 44 participants underwent two sessions of learning(在一项研究中，44名参与者进行了两次学习)”和最后一段中“It’s no surprise that the MIT study previously mentioned revealed no improvement in scores for those who only guarantee good sleep the night before a big test.(毫不奇怪，之前提到的麻省理工学院的研究显示，那些只在大考前一晚保证良好睡眠的人的成绩并没有提高)”可知，作者通过提供研究结果来证明他的观点。故选A项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·湖北荆州中学·期中）At 102 years old, American doctor Howard Tucker holds a Guinness World Record as the oldest practicing doctor. Although he stopped seeing patients at 100, his life remains full of purpose, showing that passion (热情) is the best medicine against aging. Dr. Tucker believes “retirement (退休) is the enemy of a long life.” He thinks having a reason to wake up each morning is important. Even after the hospital where he worked closed in 2022, he hasn’t completely ruled out returning to medical work. Today, he teaches future doctors and works on medico-legal cases, a job made possible by a law degree he earned at 67. For Dr. Tucker, a long life isn’t just about good genes (基因) from his parents, who lived to 84 and 96, but more of his healthy lifestyle including following a simple diet, often missing lunch to have a clear head, exercising daily, walking at least four kilometers, and staying away from smoking while drinking a little alcohol. Dr. Tucker also says it’s important to keep the brain active. “If you retire from work, you should at least do something as a hobby,” he told Today. “You need something interesting for the brain daily.” Science backs him up. Research shows that ongoing learning, social connections, and a sense of purpose are all helpful for a healthy and long life. Experiencing a fall in his late 80s that ended his skiing days with a broken neck, Tucker hasn’t lost his passion for life, always finding new ways to stay active instead. As he approaches his 103rd birthday, Dr. Tucker isn’t worried about death but focuses on living fully. For a man who has spent his life helping treat others, Dr. Howard Tucker’s greatest lesson is how to truly live. 1.How did Dr. Tucker fight against “the enemy of a long life”? A. He earned a law degree at 67. B. He worked as a medical instructor. C. He woke up early each morning. D. He returned to the hospital in 2022. 2.What plays a greater role in Dr. Tucker’s long life? A. A healthy way of daily life. B. A clear and scientific mind. C. As many hobbies as possible. D. Good genes from his family. 3.What happened to Dr. Tucker in his late 80s? A. He needed a passion for life. B. He started to learn how to ski. C. He retired from medical practice. D. He remained active after an accident. 4.Which of the following best describes Dr. Tucker? A. Strict and curious. B. Careful and adventurous. C. Positive and purposeful. D. Grateful and responsible. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了102岁的美国医生霍华德・塔克是吉尼斯纪录认证的最年长执业医生，他认为退休是长寿天敌，100岁才停诊，如今仍教学、处理法医案件。他的长寿得益于健康生活方式与活跃大脑，尽显积极有目标的人生态度。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr. Tucker believes “retirement (退休) is the enemy of a long life.” He thinks having a reason to wake up each morning is important. Even after the hospital where he worked closed in 2022, he hasn’t completely ruled out returning to medical work. Today, he teaches future doctors and works on medico-legal cases. a job made possible by a law degree he earned at 67.(塔克博士认为“退休会缩短人的寿命”。他认为每天早上有个明确的起床理由很重要。即便他工作过的那家医院在2022年关闭了，他也没有完全放弃重返医疗行业的想法。如今，他为未来的医生授课，并处理医疗法律相关案件。这一切都得益于他在67岁时获得的法学学位)”可知，塔克医生对抗退休的方式是持续保持生活目标。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“For Dr. Tucker, a long life isn’t just about good genes (基因) from his parents, who lived to 84 and 96, but more of his healthy lifestyle including following a simple diet, often missing lunch to have a clear head, exercising daily, walking at least four kilometers, and staying away from smoking while drinking a little alcohol.(对于塔克医生来说，长寿不仅仅得益于他父母良好的基因（他父母分别活到了84岁和96岁），还在于他保持的健康生活方式，比如遵循简单的饮食习惯、经常不吃午餐以便头脑清醒、每天锻炼、每天至少步行四公里，以及远离吸烟同时适量饮酒)”可知，在塔克医生漫长的一生中，健康的日常生活方式起到了更大的作用。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Experiencing a fall in his late 80s that ended his skiing days with a broken neck, Tucker hasn’t lost his passion for life, always finding new ways to stay active instead.(塔克在80多岁时遭遇了一次摔倒，导致颈部骨折，结束了他滑雪的生涯。但他并未丧失对生活的热情，而是始终寻找着新的方式来保持活力)”可知，塔克医生在80多岁遭遇事故后仍保持着活跃的状态。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Dr. Tucker believes “retirement (退休) is the enemy of a long life.” He thinks having a reason to wake up each morning is important. Even after the hospital where he worked closed in 2022, he hasn’t completely ruled out returning to medical work. Today, he teaches future doctors and works on medico-legal cases, a job made possible by a law degree he earned at 67.(塔克博士认为“退休会缩短人的寿命”。他认为每天早上有个明确的起床理由很重要。即便他工作过的那家医院在2022年关闭了，他也没有完全放弃重返医疗行业的想法。如今，他为未来的医生授课，并处理医疗法律相关案件。这一切都得益于他在67岁时获得的法学学位)”以及最后一段“Experiencing a fall in his late 80s that ended his skiing days with a broken neck, Tucker hasn’t lost his passion for life, always finding new ways to stay active instead.(塔克在80多岁时遭遇了一次摔倒，导致颈部骨折，结束了他滑雪的生涯。但他并未丧失对生活的热情，而是始终寻找着新的方式来保持活力)”可知，Dr. Tucker102岁仍保持生活目标（教学、处理法医案件），体现“有目标（purposeful）”；面对摔倒事故仍不放弃热情，专注充实生活，体现“积极乐观（positive）”。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖北武汉中学·期中）For more than 20 years, NASA instruments in space have tracked a growing imbalance in Earth’s solar energy budget, with more energy entering than leaving the planet. Much of that imbalance can be pinned on humanity’s emissions of greenhouse gases, which trap heat in the atmosphere. But explaining the rest has been a challenge. “Nobody can get a number that’s even close,” says George Tselioudis, a climate scientist at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies. But Tselioudis and his team now explain the gap with data from a long-lived satellite, finding the world’s reflective cloud cover has shrunk, boosting global warming. Climate scientists need to figure out the causes of these cloud changes and whether the trend will accelerate warming in the future. Clouds come in all shapes and sizes, but two of the most consistent cloud bands are formed by Earth’s large-scale airflow patterns. One band, near the equator, stretches around the planet like a belt. It forms as trade winds (信风) of the Northern and Southern hemispheres meet, forcing moist air upward to cool and turn into clouds. Another band occurs in the midlatitudes (中纬度), where jet streams bring stormy weather around the planet. In August 2024, Tselioudis and his coauthors reported that over the 35 years covered by weather satellite imagery, the equatorial (赤道的) cloud bands had narrowed, while the tracks of midlatitude storms had shifted toward the poles, limiting the region in which they can form and shrinking their coverage. But the result, published in Climate Dynamics, was pieced together from many different satellites, each with its own features and errors, which made the researchers unsure whether the small trends they detected were real. The same models that predict a narrowing of the equatorial storm belt also suggest climate change will cause air over the eastern Pacific Ocean to warm faster than the west, weakening an important branch of the large-scale circulation. But for the past few decades, the eastern Pacific has actually been cooling, strengthening these winds instead. Other observations, meanwhile, suggest the rest of the circulation is weakening. The confusion makes it hard to know whether the cloud bands will continue to shrink as the world warms. 1.What does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss? A. Two global cloud bands and their formation processes. B. How different latitudes affect cloud shapes and sizes. C. The connection between weather and cloud formations. D. The role of earth’s atmosphere in creating cloud patterns. 2.What does “pieced together” in Paragraph 4 convey? A. The equatorial cloud seemed isolated. B. The research data may lack reliability. C. The research originated from joint efforts. D. The observation used advanced techniques. 3.Which phenomenon contradicts climate models’ predictions? A. The expansion of the cloud bands. B. The strengthening of trade winds. C. The cooling of the eastern Pacific. D. The weakening of the circulation. 4.What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A. To explain how greenhouse gases influence global warming. B. To show the importance of satellite imagery in climate research. C. To present the potential impact of global solar energy imbalance. D. To introduce a new possible reason for Earth’s energy imbalance. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，主要探讨了地球太阳能收支不平衡问题。在已知人类排放温室气体导致部分失衡的基础上，介绍了科学家新发现的可能原因—— 全球反射性云层覆盖减少，并对相关云层变化及与气候模型预测的矛盾等进行阐述。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Clouds come in all shapes and sizes, but two of the most consistent cloud bands are formed by Earth’s large - scale airflow patterns. One band, near the equator, stretches around the planet like a belt. It forms as trade winds (信风) of the Northern and Southern hemispheres meet, forcing moist air upward to cool and turn into clouds. Another band occurs in the midlatitudes (中纬度), where jet streams bring stormy weather around the planet.(云有各种形状和大小，但有两个最稳定的云带是由地球的大规模气流模式形成的。一个云带靠近赤道，像一条带子一样环绕着地球。它是由南北半球的信风相遇形成的，迫使潮湿的空气上升冷却并变成云。另一个云带出现在中纬度地区，那里的急流带来全球性的暴风雨天气)” 可知，该段主要讨论了两个全球云带及其形成过程。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“But the result, published in Climate Dynamics, was pieced together from many different satellites, each with its own features and errors, which made the researchers unsure whether the small trends they detected were real.(但发表在《气候动力学》上的这一结果是由许多不同的卫星拼凑而成的，每颗卫星都有其自身的特点和误差，这使得研究人员不确定他们检测到的小趋势是否真实)” 可知，由于数据来自多种有不同特点和误差的卫星，所以这些数据拼凑起来，其可靠性存疑。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “The same models that predict a narrowing of the equatorial storm belt also suggest climate change will cause air over the eastern Pacific Ocean to warm faster than the west, weakening an important branch of the large-scale circulation. But for the past few decades, the eastern Pacific has actually been cooling, strengthening these winds instead.(预测赤道风暴带变窄的相同模型也表明，气候变化将导致东太平洋上空的空气比西太平洋上空的空气升温更快，从而削弱大规模环流的一个重要分支。但在过去几十年里，东太平洋实际上一直在降温，反而加强了这些风)” 可知，东太平洋的冷却与气候模型预测的东太平洋空气升温更快相矛盾。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“For more than 20 years, NASA instruments in space have tracked a growing imbalance in Earth’s solar energy budget, with more energy entering than leaving the planet. Much of that imbalance can be pinned on humanity’s emissions of greenhouse gases, which trap heat in the atmosphere. But explaining the rest has been a challenge.(20 多年来，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的太空仪器一直在追踪地球太阳能收支中日益加剧的不平衡，进入地球的能量多于离开地球的能量。这种不平衡在很大程度上可归因于人类排放的温室气体，这些气体在大气中捕获热量。但解释其余部分一直是个挑战)” 可知，地球存在太阳能收支不平衡问题，且已知部分原因，还有待解释的部分，为下文引出新原因做铺垫。根据第二段“But Tselioudis and his team now explain the gap with data from a long - lived satellite, finding the world’s reflective cloud cover has shrunk, boosting global warming. Climate scientists need to figure out the causes of these cloud changes and whether the trend will accelerate warming in the future.(但 Tselioudis 和他的团队现在用一颗长期运行的卫星数据解释了这一差距，发现全球反射性云层覆盖面积缩小，加剧了全球变暖。气候科学家需要弄清楚这些云层变化的原因，以及这种趋势未来是否会加速变暖)” 可知，明确指出 Tselioudis 团队发现云层覆盖缩小这一可能导致地球能量不平衡的新因素。所以文章先提出地球太阳能收支不平衡存在待解释部分，接着阐述 Tselioudis 团队发现云层覆盖变化这一新因素，下文围绕此展开相关讨论，所以作者写作目的是介绍地球能量不平衡的新可能原因。故选D 。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖北武汉中学·期中）Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei said last week that artificial intelligence could wipe out half of all entry-level white-collar jobs within five years, making the unemployment rate as high as 20%. Is that true? Humans have experienced several technological disruptions (扰乱) before, and now we have adapted to meet them. AI won’t be any different. There was a time when the elevators in hotels and office buildings were staffed by human operators. Then in the 1930s, elevator companies began installing “robot elevators” with automatic controls, and eventually elevator operators completely disappeared, with no tide of unemployment. Some people see AI as a job killer. However, research shows that broad adoption of AI could boost the country’s productivity growth by 1.5% per year, resulting in higher salaries, higher profits and more savings. Those people do not realize that the savings from increased productivity is recycled back into the economy. This creates new demand and in turn creates more jobs. Some are entirely new, such as “content creator assistant,” and others are existing jobs that are higher in demand because people have more money to spend — for example, personal trainers. Further, there is a great deal of work that only humans can do. Self-driving school buses will still need an adult to watch the kids. As for police, AI robots won’t be arresting criminals anytime soon. It’s a similar story for CEOs, fashion models and flight attendants. Most occupations involve working with other people, with things or with ideas that are too complex for AI to handle alone. Let’s imagine that Mr. Amodei’s forecast turns out to be accurate. Entry-level white-collar jobs account for less than 15% of the U. S. labor force. Wiping out half of them in five years would mean roughly 2.6 million jobs lost per year. That sounds like a lot, but the fact is that about 20 million U. S. workers are laid off every year. In other words, the supposed AI job loss, even if it occurred, would be the equivalent of only about six weeks of normal labor-market disturbance. 1.Why is “elevator operators” mentioned? A. To justify a job. B. To illustrate a point. C. To introduce a topic. D. To make a prediction. 2.What do people viewing AI as a job killer fail to understand? A. Jobs lost will be lost forever. B. Some jobs will never disappear. C. Application of AI creates jobs. D. Jobs involving AI are in demand. 3.What does the last paragraph focus on? A. What effects AI has on the U. S. labor-market. B. What makes Mr. Amodei make the prediction. C. Why Mr. Amodei’s forecast makes little sense. D. Why we should take AI development seriously. 4.What does the author mainly argue for? A. It’s time to get ready for AI’s arrival. B. Humans have adapted to AI advances. C. Some jobs are not suitable for AI to do. D. AI is not responsible for unemployment. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。主要讲述人工智能对就业的影响，作者通过历史技术革新案例、经济学分析和工作特性，反驳AI会导致大规模失业的担忧，作者认为AI不会导致大量失业，因历史技术变革未引发失业潮，且AI可提升生产力、创造新需求及人类专属工作。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Humans have experienced several technological disruptions (扰乱) before, and now we have adapted to meet them. AI won’t be any different. There was a time when the elevators in hotels and office buildings were staffed by human operators. Then in the 1930s, elevator companies began installing “robot elevators” with automatic controls, and eventually elevator operators completely disappeared, with no tide of unemployment.(人类此前经历过多次技术变革，如今我们也已适应并应对了这些变革。人工智能也不例外。曾经有段时间，酒店和办公楼里的电梯都是由人工操作员来操控的。到了20世纪30年代，电梯公司开始安装配备自动控制系统的‘机器人电梯’，最终电梯操作员完全消失不见了，而且也没有出现大规模的失业潮)”可知，提到“电梯操作员”是为了阐明一个观点，技术革新虽取代旧工作但未引发失业，以此支撑AI不会导致失业的核心观点。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Those people do not realize that the savings from increased productivity is recycled back into the economy. This creates new demand and in turn creates more jobs.(这些人没有意识到，由于生产效率的提高所节省下来的资金会重新投入经济之中。这会带来新的需求，进而创造更多的就业机会)”可知，那些将人工智能视为会取代工作岗位的人没有理解到人工智能的应用会创造新的工作岗位。故选C。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Let’s imagine that Mr. Amodei’s forecast turns out to be accurate. Entry-level white-collar jobs account for less than 15% of the U. S. labor force. Wiping out half of them in five years would mean roughly 2.6 million jobs lost per year. That sounds like a lot, but the fact is that about 20 million U. S. workers are laid off every year. In other words, the supposed AI job loss, even if it occurred, would be the equivalent of only about six weeks of normal labor-market disturbance.(假设阿莫迪先生的预测是准确的。美国的初级白领工作岗位仅占劳动力总数的不到15%。在五年内将其削减一半意味着每年将有大约260万个工作岗位消失。这听起来确实很多，但事实是，美国每年约有 2000 万工人失业。换句话说，即便所谓的‘人工智能导致的失业’情况真的发生了，那也只是相当于正常劳动力市场波动的约六周时间)”可知，最后一段的重点是为什么阿莫迪先生的预测毫无意义。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段中“Humans have experienced several technological disruptions (扰乱) before, and now we have adapted to meet them. AI won’t be any different.(人类之前经历过几次技术颠覆，现在我们已经适应了它们。AI不会有什么不同。)”、第三段中“Some people see AI as a job killer. However, research shows that broad adoption of AI could boost the country’s productivity growth by 1.5% per year, resulting in higher salaries, higher profits and more savings. (有些人将人工智能视为工作杀手。然而，研究表明，广泛采用人工智能可以使该国的生产率每年增长1.5%，从而带来更高的工资、更高的利润和更多的储蓄。)”以及第四段中“Further, there is a great deal of work that only humans can do. (此外，有很多工作只有人类才能做。)”可知，作者认为人类能够适应AI进步，AI的应用反而可能创造新工作机会，且有些工作AI无法替代，由此可知，作者主要论证AI不是失业的责任源头，并非造成失业的原因。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·湖北来凤县第一中学·期中）With an AI tool, researchers study penguin (企鹅) photos taken by tourists and scientists to track (追踪) Adélie penguins in Antarctica. “Right now, everyone has a camera in their pocket, and the number of photos we could collect for studying will be out of our expectation,” says Thomas Brown, a scientist from an international research team. With guidance from an expert, the AI tool is able to get a handle on and draw out (提取) the penguin groups in photos. Compared with humans, the AI finds and marks Adélie penguins in these photos more quickly, taking only 5 to 10 seconds per image. The team created a 3D map of the Antarctica to know exactly where the photos were taken. By identifying the details in the tourist pictures, the researchers could place the photographer and the habitats of the Adélie penguin groups within the 3D map to get a bird’s eye view. This allows researchers to track how Adélie penguin groups change in location and population size over time. Such tracking is important because it can tell the climate changes. That is what researchers want to learn about. Similarly, the AI tool can also use historical photos to track natural signs such as glacier (冰川) changes that develop very slowly and may only be obvious by looking across many years. Opinions about AI tools are different among researchers. Some worry that using tourist photos for research may encourage more people to visit Antarctica, which might lead to more tourist activities and could destroy the ecosystem in the end. However, for Thomas, he believes studying tourist photos with the AI tool could be useful, especially as many penguin groups have not been noticed by the research community. “Since Antarctica is hard to study twenty-four-seven,” says Thomas, “this method is helpful for keeping an eye on penguin groups that might only get studied once in a while.” 1.Why do the research team use an AI tool in their study? A. To collect the photos from tourists. B. To track the number of Adélie penguins. C. To identify the 3D map of Antarctica. D. To study the photos taken by tourists. 2.What does the underlined part “get a handle on” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. understand B. advance C. explore D. revise 3.What do researchers want to know by tracking Adélie penguins? A. Glacier sizes. B. Climate changes. C. Geographical marks. D. Penguin numbers. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Tourist Photos: The Key to Antarctic Research B. 3D Maps: A New Way to Locate Antarctic Penguins C. Adélie Penguins: Signs of Climate Change in Antarctica D. AI Tools: Tracing Adélie Penguin Groups in Antarctica 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用人工智能工具分析游客和科学家拍摄的企鹅照片，以追踪南极洲阿德利企鹅的位置和数量变化，从而研究气候变化的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“With an AI tool, researchers study penguin (企鹅) photos taken by tourists and scientists to track (追踪) Adélie penguins in Antarctica.(研究人员使用一种人工智能工具，研究游客和科学家拍摄的企鹅照片，以追踪南极洲的阿德利企鹅)”可知，研究团队使用人工智能工具是为了研究游客拍摄的照片。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“With guidance from an expert, the AI tool is able to get a handle on and draw out (提取) the penguin groups in photos.(在专家的指导下，人工智能工具能够get a handle on并提取照片中的企鹅群)”和“Compared with humans, the AI finds and marks Adélie penguins in these photos more quickly, taking only 5 to 10 seconds per image.(与人类相比，人工智能在这些照片中发现并标记阿德利企鹅的速度更快，每张照片只需5到10秒)”可知，人工智能工具能够识别并提取照片中的企鹅群，所以get a handle on意为“理解，明白”，与A项“understand”意思一致。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“This allows researchers to track how Adélie penguin groups change in location and population size over time. Such tracking is important because it can tell the climate changes.(这使研究人员能够追踪阿德利企鹅群体随时间变化的位置和种群规模。这种追踪很重要，因为它可以揭示气候变化)”可知，研究人员通过追踪阿德利企鹅想要了解气候变化。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“With an AI tool, researchers study penguin (企鹅) photos taken by tourists and scientists to track (追踪) Adélie penguins in Antarctica.(研究人员使用一种人工智能工具，研究游客和科学家拍摄的企鹅照片，以追踪南极洲的阿德利企鹅)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员利用人工智能工具追踪南极洲阿德利企鹅群体，D项“AI Tools: Tracing Adélie Penguin Groups in Antarctica(人工智能工具：追踪南极洲阿德利企鹅群体)”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 主题语境02 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·湖北十堰郧阳中学·期中）Scientists have recorded plant species for centuries to help us understand and protect them. But according to new research, many have never actually been photographed (拍照) in their natural environment, and that’s a problem. An Australian team surveyed 33 important online collections of plant photographs to check the photographic record of Australian plant species. The findings showed that out of 21,077 native Australian plant species, almost 20 percent of them remain without photographs that can prove their identity (身份) details. Thomas Mesaglio, the lead author of the study, said, “It is surprising to see how many plant species have just line drawings, paintings, or even no media at all.” Being unable to use detailed photos can have real effects. Many plant species that are difficult to tell apart in the wild may die out if scientists can’t properly recognize them with the help of photos. “We thought every plant species had simply been photographed by someone, somewhere, throughout history. But it turns out this isn’t the case,” said Will Cornwell, another author of the study. Photographs can help with scientists’ work by keeping characteristics (特征) like flower color that can get lost over time. They can also show additional features. But just as some animals catch less interest than others, some plants are facing the same situation. The most well-photographed plant groups are usually some trees that can be noticed more easily. They usually have special characteristics, such as colorful flowers. Because digital photography is so convenient now, anyone can help make a meaningful difference to science by using the camera in their pocket. By using online tools like iNaturalist, the public can have their pictures identified (识别) by experts and share the information, which will be used in research and protection. “We’ve recognized nearly 10 percent of those previously unphotographed species thanks to members of the public sharing their photographs online and experts who’ve kindly identified them,” said Mr. Mesaglio. “There could be many more in personal collections just waiting to be shared. People can get much more excited about plants with photographs.” 1.What did the survey find out regarding Australian plant species? A. A rich source for artistic creation. B. A shortage of supporting photos. C. A focus on online viewing. D. A sudden fall in numbers. 2.What is stressed (强调) about plant photography in paragraph 3? A. It is challenging in faraway areas. B. It is mainly done by professionals. C. It often goes unnoticed by scientists. D. It influences the survival of plant species. 3.What does the author want to show by mentioning some animals in paragraph 4? A. Colorful wildlife is far more valuable. B. Some plants are as eye-catching as animals. C. Plants with common features get little attention. D. Animal photography receives wider recognition. 4.Which of the following is encouraged by the author? A. Using digital tools to support plant protection. B. Taking part in fieldwork to discover new species. C. Protecting unique plants from being photographed. D. Sharing valuable plant pictures with local museums. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家对澳大利亚植物物种的摄影记录进行的一项调查，发现近20%的本土植物物种缺乏能够证明其身份细节的照片，强调了摄影对植物物种生存的重要性，并鼓励公众利用数字工具参与植物保护工作。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The findings showed that out of 21,077 native Australian plant species, almost 20 percent of them remain without photographs that can prove their identity (身份) details. (调查结果显示，在21,077种澳大利亚本土植物中，近20%的植物仍然没有可以证明其身份细节的照片)”可知，调查发现澳大利亚植物物种缺乏用于证明其身份的支持性照片。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Being unable to use detailed photos can have real effects. Many plant species that are difficult to tell apart in the wild may die out if scientists can’t properly recognize them with the help of photos. (无法使用细节丰富的照片可能会产生实际影响。许多在野外难以区分的植物物种，如果科学家无法借助照片准确识别它们，可能会灭绝)”可知，第三段强调了植物摄影影响植物物种的生存，因为缺乏照片会导致科学家无法准确识别物种，可能使其灭绝。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“But just as some animals catch less interest than others, some plants are facing the same situation. The most well-photographed plant groups are usually some trees that can be noticed more easily. They usually have special characteristics, such as colorful flowers. (但就像有些动物不太引人关注一样，有些植物也面临着同样的情况。被拍摄得最多的植物群通常是一些更容易被注意到的树木。它们通常具有特殊的特征，比如色彩艳丽的花朵)”可推知，作者提及动物是为了类比说明具有普通特征的植物很少受到关注，就像有些动物不如其他动物受关注一样，普通植物也难以获得拍摄机会。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Because digital photography is so convenient now, anyone can help make a meaningful difference to science by using the camera in their pocket. By using online tools like iNaturalist, the public can have their pictures identified (识别) by experts and share the information, which will be used in research and protection. (由于如今数码摄影十分便捷，任何人都可以通过使用口袋里的相机为科学做出有意义的贡献。借助像iNaturalist这样的在线工具，公众可以让专家对自己拍摄的照片进行识别，并分享相关信息，这些信息将被用于研究和保护工作)”以及最后一段中Mr. Mesaglio所说的“We’ve recognized nearly 10 percent of those previously unphotographed species thanks to members of the public sharing their photographs online and experts who’ve kindly identified them (多亏了公众在网上分享他们拍摄的照片，以及热心帮忙辨认这些照片的专家们，我们已经确认了那些之前从未被拍摄过的物种中的近10%)”可知，作者鼓励使用数字工具来支持植物保护。故选A项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. C　4. D 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. B　4. C Passage 2 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. B Passage 3 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. D 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. C Passage 2 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. D 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. D 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. D 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. A 主题语境05 人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A 主题语境06 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B Passage 2 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A Passage 3 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. D　4. C 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D Passage 2 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. D Passage 3 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. B　4. D 主题语境02 人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·湖北部分学校·期中）John has been a devoted hockey (冰球) enthusiast. In the past around two decades back, John, a part of the local junior league team, The Rapid, was an influential ice hockey competitor in his hometown, even with a considerable group of admirers. However, a knee injury in his teenage years ended his hopes of a career on the ice. Years passed, and John grew into a successful businessman, but his love for hockey never disappeared. One day, he stumbled upon an opportunity to review his childhood passion. The Rapid was organizing a charity (慈善) game to raise money for the town’s youth sports program. John reached out to the team’s manager, Mr Smith, with a special request. He wanted to suit up and play as the goaltender (守门员) for one period of the game, just for the fun of it and to encourage the younger players. Mr Smith was delighted and quickly arranged for John to join the team for the day. The news that John would take part in the game spread like wildfire in the town, and the stadium was packed with excited supporters. On the big day, John put on his old, a bit worn but still cherished hockey equipment (装备). He stepped onto the ice, feeling a rush of emotions that he hadn’t felt in decades. The crowd burst into cheers as he faced the first shot, and with each save, the energy grew. After the game, John surprised everyone by donating his game-worn equipment and a generous check to the local youth sports program. “I may not have been able to become a professional,” he said, “but I’m happy to give back and help these kids chase their dreams.” People were deeply moved by John’s selflessness in supporting the next generation. It was a reminder that even when our own dreams seem out of reach, we can still make a difference to the lives of others. 1.What ended John’s career as a hockey player? A. Growing old. B. His business success. C. His knee condition. D. Not being interested. 2.Why did John want to play in the charity game? A. To show off his skill. B. To inspire the youth. C. To win his honor back. D. To make more money. 3.What did John do after the game? A. He decided to give up hockey ever since. B. He said sorry for not being professional. C. He asked to check up his own equipment. D. He gave away his equipment and money. 4.Which of the following can best describe John? A. Warm-hearted and helpful. B. Creative but mean. C. Hard-working and honest. D. Kind but impatient. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·湖北鄂东南联考·期中）According to the UN, some 62m tonnes (百万公吨) of e-waste were produced in 2022. Only 22% is recycled. Most of the rest ends up in landfills, where in 2024 recoverable raw materials worth $63bn (十亿) went to waste. That figure is expected to grow to more than $80bn by 2030. Moreover, getting those materials out of the rubbish is also a challenge. A new generation of robots powered by artificial-intelligence (AI) models, however, looks to be up to the job. José Saenz and his team at the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation in Magdeburg, are developing a robotic system that can be used in a general recycling centre. The first thing the team’s robot does is identify any product it is offered. A camera photographs the item and compares the photo with pictures of different PCs. The robot also scans any labels and product codes to check whether service instructions or other disassembly (拆卸) tips are available online. Once the identification is complete, the AI system then determines which parts are worth removing, either in the form of raw materials or as complete parts to be used again. Analysis done, the AI creates a disassembly order to operate the robot’s arms. These are equipped with a selection of tools, such as drills, grippers and screwdrivers, to remove and sort items. So far, the team has got each stage in the disassembly process working in separate machines. They are now linking these together into a single robotic device (设备) able to complete the whole process. Once taking PCs apart has been mastered, the team will train robots to treat other products. The learning process will take time. Dr Saenz thinks it could be five years until they develop a commercial disassembly robot that could usefully work at a recycling centre taking apart anything from PCs to white goods and televisions. 1.What does the author try to show by listing the figures in paragraph 1? A. The severity of e-waste. B. The expectation of treating e-waste. C. The danger of recovering e-waste. D. The application of e-waste. 2.Why does the robot scan labels and product codes? A. To take photos of the product. B. To sort raw materials and parts. C. To find online disassembly help. D. To create a disassembly order. 3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The tools equipped on the robot’s arms. B. The purpose of developing the recycling robot. C. The working steps of the AI-powered recycling robot. D. The effectiveness of recycling different electronic products. 4.What is the team doing now with the disassembly process? A. Selling commercial disassembly robots. B. Using separate machines for each stage. C. Training robots to take apart white goods. D. Connecting stage machines into one device. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖北来凤县第一中学·期中）It’s common knowledge that we use taste and smell to eat, but other senses are also included. For example, hearing a cook praising fish and chips can make us think it’s the best fast food. In fact, every sense matters for full enjoyment of a meal, and sight is especially important—it affects our food choices and even how much we eat. Just imagine: what if we eat with our eyes closed? Would we enjoy food the same way? For years, some restaurants have offered meals eaten with eyes closed, a special experience to “reconnect with food.” Without sight, people notice more about their food. Those who try it say the taste of many meals becomes stronger. Sight also connects closely with other senses during eating. Even without seeing a lemon, thinking about it makes our mouths water—a natural reaction (反应) to its acid flavor. Similarly, smelling a neighbor’s BBQ makes us long for it, even if we can’t see it. A German study shows eating with eyes closed may make us think we’re eating more. Students who ate ice cream with eyes closed stopped eating sooner than those who could see. This might be because, without seeing the food, we can’t judge the amount and focus only on what we’ve eaten, making us feel full faster. To test this, you can give it a try! 1.What does the author imply in the first paragraph? A. Cooks’ praise improves fish and chips’ actual taste. B. Only sight affects people’s food choices and intake. C. Senses beyond taste and smell affect eating experience. D. Fish and chips is the tastiest fast food cooks recommend. 2.What does the example of “thinking about a lemon” suggest? A. Lemons are popular mouth-watering fruit. B. People’s thirst for food is mainly caused by the sense of sight. C. The sense of taste is more sensitive to acidic foods like lemons. D. Our brain can link the memory of food’s sight to physical reactions. 3.Who may probably want to try eating with eyes closed? A. Ice-cream lovers. B. Ladies in need of losing weight. C. Cooks looking for more stories to tell. D. Store workers hoping to sell more food. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A. To advise people to try eating with eyes closed to control food intake. B. To prove that all senses are equally necessary for people to enjoy meals. C. To discuss how various senses, especially sight, affect people’s eating experiences. D. To explain why some restaurants provide the experience of eating with eyes closed. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖北襄阳第四中学·期中）A recent study from the University of California San Diego reveals that young children between the ages of 3 and 5 can improve their musical abilities, especially in understanding musical pitches (音高), when learning Mandarin, compared to those who speak English. This research challenges the idea that our mental abilities are entirely separate from each other. It suggests that the skills children learn in one area can influence their learning in another. This raises questions about how our mental abilities relate to each other. The study involved two experiments with similar groups of Mandarin and English learners, totaling 180 children. They were tested on tasks related to pitch (high or low notes) and timbre (音色) (the quality of sound). Both groups performed similarly on the task related to timbre. However, Mandarin speakers performed better than English speakers on tasks related to pitch. Mandarin is a tonal language, which means the tone (音调) used when saying a word can change its meaning, not just add emphasis. For example, the Mandarin word “ma” can mean “mother,” “horse,” “hemp (麻),” or “scold,” depending on how it’s spoken. This focus on pitch helps young Mandarin speakers understand musical pitches better. Since both language and music involve changes in pitch, the study aimed to find out if understanding pitch in language is different from understanding it in music. The results suggest that experience with understanding musical pitches can also help in understanding language pitches, and vice versa (反之亦然). While learning Mandarin might offer an advantage due to its tonal nature, it’s important to note that the study doesn’t suggest replacing music lessons with language lessons or the other way around. Learning another language has many benefits, and music education remains important for musical skills. In summary, this is an extremely valuable research, highlighting the connections between cognitive (认知的) skills and emphasizing the value of exposing children to different languages and providing them with musical education for their overall development. 1.What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To offer the research result to be discussed. B. To introduce the concept of musical pitches. C. To present the University of California San Diego. D. To share a fact about children’s language development. 2.What is the challenged idea according to paragraph 2? A. The benefits of musical education. B. The difficulty of learning Mandarin. C. The separation of children’s skills. D. The importance of speaking English. 3.What is the advantage of learning Mandarin according to the study? A. Making music lessons no longer needed. B. Telling high and low musical notes apart better. C. Telling the difference in sound quality more easily. D. Improving children’s ability to learn other languages. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards this study? A. Critical B. Supportive C. Doubtful. D. Unclear Passage 3 （25-26高一上·湖北鄂东南联考·期中）When you’re tired out, the idea of pushing yourself to work out can feel impossible. But a casual walk or stretching exercise might not seem out of reach. A new fitness trend has renamed these super low-intensity (强度) forms of movement as “zone zero” exercise. As the name suggests, zone zero training is meant to be so easy that it feels almost effortless, and it generally refers to any activity in which your heart rate stays below half of its maximum capacity. “It’s a new term for an old concept,” which is that any amount of physical activity is good for you, said Dr. Julia, a sports medicine physician. Many people can benefit from a no-stress approach, she added, especially if they’re used to “no pain, no gain” fitness messaging that suggests the only workout worth doing is one that feels like work. Less active people may benefit more from zone zero. If you spend most of your time sitting, even adding a modest amount of movement to your day can help to improve key measures of health like circulation, blood pressure and blood sugar, said Dr. Eli Friedman, who directs the sports cardiology (心脏病学) program. “The people who go from doing nothing to something get the most bang for the buck,” Dr. Friedman said. Over time, he added, moving gradually more and at gradually higher intensities can improve your balance and muscle strength. Zone zero shouldn’t replace more intense exercise. If you regularly exercise at middle or high intensities, zone zero training can be a useful complement to your fitness routine-but it’s not a substitute (替代). But on rest days, it can be a worthwhile form of active rest or recovery, which can help relieve muscle pain. Don’t overcomplicate it. Giving the activities of everyday life a seemingly formal name may motivate some people-especially those who have felt frightened by or excluded from more intense fitness spaces. But the key point is to increase your daily movement in whatever way feels manageable and sustainable. 1.What is a key feature of zone zero exercise according to the text? A. It causes slight muscle pain. B. It requires high muscle strength. C. It replaces middle-intensity exercise. D. It keeps the heart rate under half of the highest. 2.What does the underlined phrase “get the most bang for the buck” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Waste the most time. B. Gain the most benefits. C. Spend the most money. D. Face the most difficulties. 3.What is the author most likely to discuss next? A. Athletes’ promotion of zone zero. B. History of low-intensity exercise. C. Daily examples of zone zero exercise. D. Data of zone zero vs intense exercise. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. No Pain, No Gain: Outdated Fitness messaging. B. Active Rest: The Best Way to Relieve Muscle Pain. C. Zone Zero Exercise: A Substitute to Intense Exercise. D. Zone Zero Exercise: An Easy-to-do Way to Improve Health. 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖北部分学校·期中）A recent study drawing on 28 years of data has proved the old saying: There’s no such thing as a free lunch. In the study, scientists found that dolphin mothers that interact (互动) with boaters have nearly twice as many babies as female dolphins that stay away. But those babies are nine times more likely to die before reaching adulthood. The number one cause of their death in Sarasota Bay is associated with sport fishing. That high death rate poses a problem for the population as a whole. In the United States, feeding dolphins is illegal under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, but it still happens often. Even though we might not mean to, with just our presence, we’re conditioning animals to be around humans more. That closeness increases a dolphin’s risk of being struck by a boat, trapped in a fishing line, or caught by a fishing hook. Dolphins are smart and social animals and their begging has motivations. Getting fish from people instead of hunting could allow female dolphins to save time and energy that they can instead put toward reproduction. It makes sense that the dolphins eating up bait (诱饵), getting fish from a fisher’s line, and approaching boats for food can have more babies. However, studies of other species around the world, such as green sea turtles in the Bahamas, show that animals that become dependent on human handouts stop hunting for food. This is true of Sarasota Bay’s dolphins, and it’s a preference that they pass on. Dolphins from one family have been approaching boats for four generations. That behavior is even more dangerous for the youngsters — little dolphins can be killed by boats or fishing equipment as they try to stay close to their moms. For these dolphin mothers, losing multiple babies one by one likely causes emotional distress. Over time, this stress on female dolphins and the deaths of so many babies could cause population numbers to fall. We can’t stop the dolphins from interacting with humans. But we can teach people to enjoy wild animals from a safe distance. And for dolphins’ own good, stop giving them food. 1.What can we learn about female dolphins interacting with humans from the text? A. They bear more baby dolphins. B. They suffer more from sport fishing. C. They have been studied for 28 years. D. They help increase dolphin’s population. 2.Why do dolphins interact with people? A. To make sense of their life. B. To keep the unique relation with humans. C. To reduce their reproduction. D. To save time and energy. 3.What suggestion does the author make to us? A. Stop sport fishing. B. Stop feeding dolphins. C. Stop hunting dolphins for food. D. Stop dolphins from interacting with humans. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A. Dolphins’ population. B. Enjoy wild animals closer. C. Keep a safe distance from dolphins. D. Dolphins’ interaction with boaters. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖北鄂东南联考·期中）After Centuries of Decline, Hope on the Islands Human exploitation (过度利用) of the Galapagos giant tortoise led to a sharp decrease in all species, three of which became extinct. Decades of conservation efforts, such as captive breeding (人工饲养) and control of invasive animals (入侵动物), changed the population fall-off. 1.How many tortoise species became extinct due to human exploitation? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 2.What does the left-hand graph mainly show? A. The diverse types of Galapagos giant tortoises. B. The discovery time of the Galapagos archipelago. C. The declining number of Galapagos giant tortoises. D. The conservation efforts for Galapagos giant tortoises. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards the conservation efforts? A. Doubtful. B. Negative. C. Unclear. D. Positive. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）In the old libraries of Dunhuang’s Mogao Caves, a 21-year-old computer student named Zhang Wei found something amazing. While studying 50,000 ancient papers scanned (扫描) into computers since 2020, she noticed that 30% had strange marks no one could read. These marks came from old languages once used along the Silk Road. This led her to create “SilkRoad AI” — a computer program that mixes language studies with smart machines to understand forgotten writing. Zhang’s success came from studying stone markers in Xi’an. These stones had the same message in Chinese and two other ancient languages. Her program looked at how the marks were drawn and what they might mean. After months of work, the AI guessed 82% of the unknown marks correctly by matching them to known sounds. But some experts voiced different opinions. Professor Li from Beijing University said, “Computers can’t understand the hidden stories in old writings.” In 2023, Zhang’s team tested their AI at an international history meeting. They used it to read a 1,200-year-old medical book from an ancient kingdom. The computer translated plant names and found 17 types still used in traditional medicine. When scientists checked these findings against modern plant records, they were proved correct. The test helped Zhang get UNESCO’s support to protect disappearing local languages. Now working with the British Museum on ancient Indian writings, Zhang’s AI has helped experts understand 4,000-year-old business records. Her newest idea uses phone cameras — when visitors point their phones at damaged paintings in the Mogao Caves, they can see repaired pictures with computer-translated explanations. “We’re not just solving word puzzles,” Zhang says. “We’re helping people from different times and places talk to each other again.” 1.What led Zhang Wei to create “SilkRoad AI”? A. A program about the Silk Road. B. Her interest in computer science. C. Strange marks on ancient papers. D. Amazing libraries of Mogao Caves. 2.What was Professor Li’s attitude towards Zhang Wei’s methods? A. Doubtful. B. Uninterested. C. Unclear. D. Positive. 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. A study on traditional medicine. B. An international history meeting. C. The effectiveness of SilkRoad AI. D. The protection of local languages. 4.What can we learn from Zhang’s words in the last paragraph? A. Her newest idea is creative. B. Her work easily solves word puzzles. C. Her AI helps understand business records. D. Her program connects the past and present. 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·湖北部分高中联考·期中）Chinese painting, or Guohua, is a centuries-old art form that weaves together ink, brushstrokes (笔触), and deep philosophical insights. Rooted in ancient traditions, it focuses on “Xie Yi” and “Yi Jing”. Its goal is to capture the essence of a subject rather than its physical appearance, inviting viewers to engage with the artist’s inner world. The tools of Chinese painting are as symbolic as the art itself. Xuan paper, known for its absorbency, and ink sticks rubbed on ink stones produce varying tones of black. Brushes, crafted from animal hair, allow artists to create strokes ranging from bold and forceful to whisper-thin. These materials, alongside mineral pigments (颜料) like lapis lazuli (for blue) and cinnabar (for red), form the “Four Treasures of the Study”, reflecting the harmony between nature and human creativity. Styles in Chinese painting are divided into two main types: Gongbi and Xieyi. Gongbi, or detailed painting, requires great care, using fine lines and bright colors to show royal scenes or birds and flowers. Xieyi, or freehand painting, focuses on natural expression and emotion, often seen in landscapes that use ink washes to create misty mountains or flowing rivers. Subjects in Chinese painting mirror cultural values. Landscapes dominate, symbolizing humanity’s connection to nature and Taoist principles of harmony. Bird-and-flower paintings use symbols like plum blossoms and bamboo to convey moral virtues. Figure painting, from Tang Dynasty court portraits to Zhang Zeduan’s Along the River During the Qingming Festival, captures historical narratives and daily life. In the 20th century, artists like Qi Baishi changed traditional styles by mixing ink painting with Western ideas. He painted shrimp with smooth, lively brushstrokes that make them look alive. Wu Guanzhong tried new ways to paint landscapes with ink, while today’s artists even mix Chinese calligraphy with computer art. However, Chinese painting still acts as a bridge connecting old and new — like a poetic picture that shows the heart of Chinese culture in every brushstroke. 1.What is the main function of Xuan paper in Chinese painting according to the passage? A. It is the only symbol of Chinese painting. B. It is used to store ink sticks and ink stones. C. It helps to create bold and forceful brush marks. D. Its water-absorbing ability enables the creation of different black shades. 2.What distinguishes Xieyi painting from Gongbi? A. Focus on details painting. B. Emphasis on emotional expression. C. Inclusion of historical figures. D. Use of fine lines and bright colors. 3.Why does the author mention Qi Baishi and Wu Guanzhong? A. To compare them with ancient painters. B. To explain the decline of ink painting. C. To show how traditions develop. D. To criticize modern art trends. 4.What is the central theme of the passage? A. Exploring Chinese painting’s cultural and philosophical roots. B. Comparing artistic tools in Chinese and Western painting. C. Debating the significance of ink versus color. D. Introducing famous masters of Chinese painting. 主题语境03 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高一上·湖北荆州沙市中学·期中）When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed an exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed more work to advance her own career. But instead of anxiety, she called her friend. “I congratulated her and told her she inspired me,” she says. She was surprised when it changed her attitude, so she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn. Finding pleasure in another person’s good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude, a term that describes the joy we feel when someone else succeeds, even if it isn’t directly connected with us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College in Pennsylvania. It makes relationships “closer and more enjoyable”. Sharing in someone else’s joy can also improve life satisfaction and resilience(适应力) and help people cooperate during a disagreement. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. Sometimes, your loss might last, making freudenfreude feel out of reach. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. And factors such as mental health and overall wellbeing(幸福) can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile and there are ways to encourage the feeling. Instead of an automatic response, freudenfreude is often an active process. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and her colleagues developed a programme called FreudenfreudeEnhancement Training (FET). They found that depressed people who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which built up their relationships and improved their mood. Jean Grae, an artist, supports friends in this mindset. When someone gets a new opportunity or reaches a milestone, she makes sure to celebrate. Grae says she’s especially moved when anyone considered ‘other’ succeeds. “It’s truly inspirational,” she says, “because it lifts us all up and makes us shine.” 1.What do we know about Eugenie George? A. She took pride in passing her exam. B. She shared her success with her friend. C. She was pleased with her friend’s success. D. She was annoyed at her failure in an exam. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about freudenfreude? A. Its great benefits. B. Its disadvantages. C. Reasons for its absence. D. Ways of improving it. 3.Why is Freudenfreude Enhancement Training (FET) held? A. To test the effect of freudenfreude. B. To help people apply freudenfreude. C. To get people to know freudenfreude. D. To show the advantages of freudenfreude. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. How to experience freudenfreude? B. Let’s share what leads to freudenfreude. C. Freudenfreude: View others’ success as our own. D. A win-win: Freudenfreude brings our own pleasure. 主题语境04 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·湖北荆州中学·期中）A recent video made the rounds to thousands of users for its argument: “Why you MUST throw away your AirPods.” In it, the user argued that wireless earbuds (无线耳机) “sit inside your head and cook your brain” because of the radiation (辐射) they give off. Similar videos have been found across different social media platforms, warning that wireless earbuds can cause cancer, memory loss, tiredness and other health problems. A few social platforms have removed these videos, stating they spread medical misinformation. But is there any truth to these warnings? Are you risking your health for the convenience of wireless headphones, or are you increasing your risk for brain cancer? “This is a very common worry and a question that I hear often from my patients: They want to know if their phones or earbuds caused their brain cancer,” says Dr Naveed Wagle, a neuro-oncologist. “The short answer is it’s probably not the only cause,” Dr Wagle says, “but we don’t have enough information yet to say for sure or to know if it’s a cause.” While wireless technology has been there since the late 1990s, wireless earbuds have only come on the scene in the past few years. This short period means that there’s a lot of scientists who still just don’t know about the long-term health influences, especially for people who use them for hours every day. Here’s what the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) says about wireless earbuds and your health: “At present, no scientific evidence (证据) suggests a connection between wireless earbuds and cancer or other illnesses. Those suggesting the possible risks of using wireless earbuds agree that more and longer-term studies should explore whether there is a better basis for wireless earbuds safety standards than the one being used.” 1.Why are the videos removed from social platforms? A. Because they may give off radiation. B. Because they contain unreal messages. C. Because they may cause health problems. D. Because they draw little attention of users. 2.How does Dr. Wagle feel about the problem of wireless earbuds? A. Incorrect. B. Impossible. C. Uncertain. D. Disappointed. 3.What is the purpose of paragraph 4? A. Introduce a topic. B. Give an example. C. Present a reason. D. Provide a solution. 4.What does FCC mean about wireless earbuds use? A. We need further research on its safety. B. It has the perfect safety standards now. C. It will not be connected with any illness. D. There is no need to worry about its risks. 主题语境05 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·湖北利川第一中学·期中）You have two basic types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Things you see or hear first enter your short-term memory. Very little of this information passes on into your long-term memory. Does this mean you have a bad memory? Not at all. Your short-term memory has a certain job. Its job is to store information for a few seconds only. Your short-term memory is at work when you look up a phone number, call the number, and then forget it. You remembered the number just long enough to use it. Then it disappeared from your memory. That’s really a good thing. Imagine if your memory held every number, every face, and every word you ever knew! However, some information is important to remember for a longer time. Then it must pass from short-term to long-term memory. Sometimes we tell ourselves to remember something. We might also practice it: “OK, don’t forget: 555-1212, 555-1212.” Usually, we don’t even think about it. Our brain makes the decision for us. It decides to store the information or let it go. The brain seems to make the decision by asking two questions: Does the information affect our emotions? That is, does it make us happy, sad, excited, or upset? Does the information concern something we already know, so our brain can store it with something already there? An answer of “Yes” means that the new information enters long-term memory. That means the brain creates new connections among brain cells. Information disappears when connections among brain cells become weak. They get weak if time passes and the connections are not used. That’s why it is good to read your lecture notes soon after the class. To keep the memory of something strong, think of it often. For example, look at those lecture notes the next day. Look at them the day after that, too. Every time you think about something, the connections in the brain get stronger. Then it is easier to remember the information when you need it. 1.When is your short-term memory at work? A. You look up an important phone number and repeat it again and again. B. You read English words every morning. C. What you’ve learned is reviewed after class. D. The impression of a stranger soon disappears after you meet with him/ her. 2.What information enters long-term memory according to the passage? A. Information concerning something unfamiliar. B. Information affecting our emotions. C. Information creating brain cells. D. Information reaching you first. 3.How can we keep the long-term memory of lecture notes strong? A. By remembering them for a long time for only once. B. By looking at them after months. C. By referring to them regularly. D. By putting them away after class. 4.Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A popular magazine. B. A science fiction. C. A news story. D. A book review. 主题语境06 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖北襄阳第一中学·期中）Eating a plant-based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a recent study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts. The findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition are rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart disease over time. “Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD (心血管疾病),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement. While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level, smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements. “Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)... related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng said. Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the study’s conclusion. “Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement. “The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet, e. g., vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email. “One thing that has become clear over the past decade is that we should not be looking at single foods or nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein. 1.What can we learn from the new study led by Feng? A. It followed a young UK person for 13 years. B. Its findings came as no surprise to other people. C. It overturned the conclusion of previous studies. D. Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people. 2.What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect? A. It was totally made up by some researchers. B. It still held true despite some different findings. C. It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle. D. It was a misconception caused by differences in people. 3.What does the underlined phrase “take exception to” in Paragraph 6 mean? A. Voice objections to. B. Add details to. C. Show respect for. D. Take notice of. 4.What did Lichtenstein think of the study? A. It was groundbreaking. B. It was one-sided. C. It would cause confusion. D. It needed more evidence. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖北部分省级示范高中·期中）For many students, staying awake all night to study is common practice. According to Medical News Today, around 20 percent of students pull all-nighters at least once a month, and about 35 percent stay up past three in the morning once or more weekly. That being said, staying up all night to study is one of the worst things students can do for their grades. In October of 2022, two MIT professors found a relationship between sleep and test scores: the less students slept during the semester, the worse their scores. So, why is it that sleep is so important for test scores? In the last 20 years, scientists have found that sleep impacts more than just students’ ability to perform well; it improves their ability to learn, memorize, retain (保存), recall, and use their new knowledge to solve problems creatively, which contributes to better test scores. When learning facts and information, most of what we learn is temporarily stored in a region of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体). Some scientists believe that, like most storage centers, the hippocampus has limited storage capacity. This means, if the hippocampus is full, and we try to learn more information, we won’t be able to. In one study, a group of 44 participants underwent two sessions of learning, once at noon and again at 6:00 PM. Half of the group was allowed to nap (小睡) between sessions, while the other half took part in standard activities. The researchers found that the group that napped between learning sessions learned just as easily at 6:00 PM as they did at noon. The group that didn’t nap, however, experienced a significant decrease in learning ability. It’s no surprise that the MIT study previously mentioned revealed no improvement in scores for those who only guarantee good sleep the night before a big test. In fact, the MIT researchers concluded that if students want to see an improvement in their test scores, they have to guarantee good sleep during the entire learning process. 1.What did the two MIT professors find in 2022? A. Most students were lacking in sleep. B. Students were under too much pressure. C. Good sleep improved students’ memory. D. Insufficient sleep worsened students’ grades. 2.According to some scientists, what will happen if our hippocampus fills up? A. We’ll forget things easily. B. We’ll fail to learn new things. C. We’ll get ready to think creatively. D. We’ll activate other parts of our brain. 3.What may the MIT researchers advise students to do to improve their test scores? A. Study late before a test. B. Sleep as much as you can. C. Form good sleep habits. D. Focus on study during the daytime. 4.How does the author try to prove his point? A. By offering research results. B. By providing experts’ views. C. By analyzing some theories. D. By sharing some experiences. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·湖北荆州中学·期中）At 102 years old, American doctor Howard Tucker holds a Guinness World Record as the oldest practicing doctor. Although he stopped seeing patients at 100, his life remains full of purpose, showing that passion (热情) is the best medicine against aging. Dr. Tucker believes “retirement (退休) is the enemy of a long life.” He thinks having a reason to wake up each morning is important. Even after the hospital where he worked closed in 2022, he hasn’t completely ruled out returning to medical work. Today, he teaches future doctors and works on medico-legal cases, a job made possible by a law degree he earned at 67. For Dr. Tucker, a long life isn’t just about good genes (基因) from his parents, who lived to 84 and 96, but more of his healthy lifestyle including following a simple diet, often missing lunch to have a clear head, exercising daily, walking at least four kilometers, and staying away from smoking while drinking a little alcohol. Dr. Tucker also says it’s important to keep the brain active. “If you retire from work, you should at least do something as a hobby,” he told Today. “You need something interesting for the brain daily.” Science backs him up. Research shows that ongoing learning, social connections, and a sense of purpose are all helpful for a healthy and long life. Experiencing a fall in his late 80s that ended his skiing days with a broken neck, Tucker hasn’t lost his passion for life, always finding new ways to stay active instead. As he approaches his 103rd birthday, Dr. Tucker isn’t worried about death but focuses on living fully. For a man who has spent his life helping treat others, Dr. Howard Tucker’s greatest lesson is how to truly live. 1.How did Dr. Tucker fight against “the enemy of a long life”? A. He earned a law degree at 67. B. He worked as a medical instructor. C. He woke up early each morning. D. He returned to the hospital in 2022. 2.What plays a greater role in Dr. Tucker’s long life? A. A healthy way of daily life. B. A clear and scientific mind. C. As many hobbies as possible. D. Good genes from his family. 3.What happened to Dr. Tucker in his late 80s? A. He needed a passion for life. B. He started to learn how to ski. C. He retired from medical practice. D. He remained active after an accident. 4.Which of the following best describes Dr. Tucker? A. Strict and curious. B. Careful and adventurous. C. Positive and purposeful. D. Grateful and responsible. 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖北武汉中学·期中）For more than 20 years, NASA instruments in space have tracked a growing imbalance in Earth’s solar energy budget, with more energy entering than leaving the planet. Much of that imbalance can be pinned on humanity’s emissions of greenhouse gases, which trap heat in the atmosphere. But explaining the rest has been a challenge. “Nobody can get a number that’s even close,” says George Tselioudis, a climate scientist at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies. But Tselioudis and his team now explain the gap with data from a long-lived satellite, finding the world’s reflective cloud cover has shrunk, boosting global warming. Climate scientists need to figure out the causes of these cloud changes and whether the trend will accelerate warming in the future. Clouds come in all shapes and sizes, but two of the most consistent cloud bands are formed by Earth’s large-scale airflow patterns. One band, near the equator, stretches around the planet like a belt. It forms as trade winds (信风) of the Northern and Southern hemispheres meet, forcing moist air upward to cool and turn into clouds. Another band occurs in the midlatitudes (中纬度), where jet streams bring stormy weather around the planet. In August 2024, Tselioudis and his coauthors reported that over the 35 years covered by weather satellite imagery, the equatorial (赤道的) cloud bands had narrowed, while the tracks of midlatitude storms had shifted toward the poles, limiting the region in which they can form and shrinking their coverage. But the result, published in Climate Dynamics, was pieced together from many different satellites, each with its own features and errors, which made the researchers unsure whether the small trends they detected were real. The same models that predict a narrowing of the equatorial storm belt also suggest climate change will cause air over the eastern Pacific Ocean to warm faster than the west, weakening an important branch of the large-scale circulation. But for the past few decades, the eastern Pacific has actually been cooling, strengthening these winds instead. Other observations, meanwhile, suggest the rest of the circulation is weakening. The confusion makes it hard to know whether the cloud bands will continue to shrink as the world warms. 1.What does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss? A. Two global cloud bands and their formation processes. B. How different latitudes affect cloud shapes and sizes. C. The connection between weather and cloud formations. D. The role of earth’s atmosphere in creating cloud patterns. 2.What does “pieced together” in Paragraph 4 convey? A. The equatorial cloud seemed isolated. B. The research data may lack reliability. C. The research originated from joint efforts. D. The observation used advanced techniques. 3.Which phenomenon contradicts climate models’ predictions? A. The expansion of the cloud bands. B. The strengthening of trade winds. C. The cooling of the eastern Pacific. D. The weakening of the circulation. 4.What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A. To explain how greenhouse gases influence global warming. B. To show the importance of satellite imagery in climate research. C. To present the potential impact of global solar energy imbalance. D. To introduce a new possible reason for Earth’s energy imbalance. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖北武汉中学·期中）Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei said last week that artificial intelligence could wipe out half of all entry-level white-collar jobs within five years, making the unemployment rate as high as 20%. Is that true? Humans have experienced several technological disruptions (扰乱) before, and now we have adapted to meet them. AI won’t be any different. There was a time when the elevators in hotels and office buildings were staffed by human operators. Then in the 1930s, elevator companies began installing “robot elevators” with automatic controls, and eventually elevator operators completely disappeared, with no tide of unemployment. Some people see AI as a job killer. However, research shows that broad adoption of AI could boost the country’s productivity growth by 1.5% per year, resulting in higher salaries, higher profits and more savings. Those people do not realize that the savings from increased productivity is recycled back into the economy. This creates new demand and in turn creates more jobs. Some are entirely new, such as “content creator assistant,” and others are existing jobs that are higher in demand because people have more money to spend — for example, personal trainers. Further, there is a great deal of work that only humans can do. Self-driving school buses will still need an adult to watch the kids. As for police, AI robots won’t be arresting criminals anytime soon. It’s a similar story for CEOs, fashion models and flight attendants. Most occupations involve working with other people, with things or with ideas that are too complex for AI to handle alone. Let’s imagine that Mr. Amodei’s forecast turns out to be accurate. Entry-level white-collar jobs account for less than 15% of the U. S. labor force. Wiping out half of them in five years would mean roughly 2.6 million jobs lost per year. That sounds like a lot, but the fact is that about 20 million U. S. workers are laid off every year. In other words, the supposed AI job loss, even if it occurred, would be the equivalent of only about six weeks of normal labor-market disturbance. 1.Why is “elevator operators” mentioned? A. To justify a job. B. To illustrate a point. C. To introduce a topic. D. To make a prediction. 2.What do people viewing AI as a job killer fail to understand? A. Jobs lost will be lost forever. B. Some jobs will never disappear. C. Application of AI creates jobs. D. Jobs involving AI are in demand. 3.What does the last paragraph focus on? A. What effects AI has on the U. S. labor-market. B. What makes Mr. Amodei make the prediction. C. Why Mr. Amodei’s forecast makes little sense. D. Why we should take AI development seriously. 4.What does the author mainly argue for? A. It’s time to get ready for AI’s arrival. B. Humans have adapted to AI advances. C. Some jobs are not suitable for AI to do. D. AI is not responsible for unemployment. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·湖北来凤县第一中学·期中）With an AI tool, researchers study penguin (企鹅) photos taken by tourists and scientists to track (追踪) Adélie penguins in Antarctica. “Right now, everyone has a camera in their pocket, and the number of photos we could collect for studying will be out of our expectation,” says Thomas Brown, a scientist from an international research team. With guidance from an expert, the AI tool is able to get a handle on and draw out (提取) the penguin groups in photos. Compared with humans, the AI finds and marks Adélie penguins in these photos more quickly, taking only 5 to 10 seconds per image. The team created a 3D map of the Antarctica to know exactly where the photos were taken. By identifying the details in the tourist pictures, the researchers could place the photographer and the habitats of the Adélie penguin groups within the 3D map to get a bird’s eye view. This allows researchers to track how Adélie penguin groups change in location and population size over time. Such tracking is important because it can tell the climate changes. That is what researchers want to learn about. Similarly, the AI tool can also use historical photos to track natural signs such as glacier (冰川) changes that develop very slowly and may only be obvious by looking across many years. Opinions about AI tools are different among researchers. Some worry that using tourist photos for research may encourage more people to visit Antarctica, which might lead to more tourist activities and could destroy the ecosystem in the end. However, for Thomas, he believes studying tourist photos with the AI tool could be useful, especially as many penguin groups have not been noticed by the research community. “Since Antarctica is hard to study twenty-four-seven,” says Thomas, “this method is helpful for keeping an eye on penguin groups that might only get studied once in a while.” 1.Why do the research team use an AI tool in their study? A. To collect the photos from tourists. B. To track the number of Adélie penguins. C. To identify the 3D map of Antarctica. D. To study the photos taken by tourists. 2.What does the underlined part “get a handle on” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. understand B. advance C. explore D. revise 3.What do researchers want to know by tracking Adélie penguins? A. Glacier sizes. B. Climate changes. C. Geographical marks. D. Penguin numbers. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Tourist Photos: The Key to Antarctic Research B. 3D Maps: A New Way to Locate Antarctic Penguins C. Adélie Penguins: Signs of Climate Change in Antarctica D. AI Tools: Tracing Adélie Penguin Groups in Antarctica 主题语境02 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·湖北十堰郧阳中学·期中）Scientists have recorded plant species for centuries to help us understand and protect them. But according to new research, many have never actually been photographed (拍照) in their natural environment, and that’s a problem. An Australian team surveyed 33 important online collections of plant photographs to check the photographic record of Australian plant species. The findings showed that out of 21,077 native Australian plant species, almost 20 percent of them remain without photographs that can prove their identity (身份) details. Thomas Mesaglio, the lead author of the study, said, “It is surprising to see how many plant species have just line drawings, paintings, or even no media at all.” Being unable to use detailed photos can have real effects. Many plant species that are difficult to tell apart in the wild may die out if scientists can’t properly recognize them with the help of photos. “We thought every plant species had simply been photographed by someone, somewhere, throughout history. But it turns out this isn’t the case,” said Will Cornwell, another author of the study. Photographs can help with scientists’ work by keeping characteristics (特征) like flower color that can get lost over time. They can also show additional features. But just as some animals catch less interest than others, some plants are facing the same situation. The most well-photographed plant groups are usually some trees that can be noticed more easily. They usually have special characteristics, such as colorful flowers. Because digital photography is so convenient now, anyone can help make a meaningful difference to science by using the camera in their pocket. By using online tools like iNaturalist, the public can have their pictures identified (识别) by experts and share the information, which will be used in research and protection. “We’ve recognized nearly 10 percent of those previously unphotographed species thanks to members of the public sharing their photographs online and experts who’ve kindly identified them,” said Mr. Mesaglio. “There could be many more in personal collections just waiting to be shared. People can get much more excited about plants with photographs.” 1.What did the survey find out regarding Australian plant species? A. A rich source for artistic creation. B. A shortage of supporting photos. C. A focus on online viewing. D. A sudden fall in numbers. 2.What is stressed (强调) about plant photography in paragraph 3? A. It is challenging in faraway areas. B. It is mainly done by professionals. C. It often goes unnoticed by scientists. D. It influences the survival of plant species. 3.What does the author want to show by mentioning some animals in paragraph 4? A. Colorful wildlife is far more valuable. B. Some plants are as eye-catching as animals. C. Plants with common features get little attention. D. Animal photography receives wider recognition. 4.Which of the following is encouraged by the author? A. Using digital tools to support plant protection. B. Taking part in fieldwork to discover new species. C. Protecting unique plants from being photographed. D. Sharing valuable plant pictures with local museums. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $