Unit 5 Revealing Nature 科考观察说明文（含学习地图）（单元同步写作讲义）高中英语外研版选择性必修第一册

Unit 5 Revealing Nature｜科考观察说明文写作学习地图 主题 体裁 建议词数 核心任务 自然观察与科学探究 科考观察说明文 80词左右 记录观察过程与发现并总结规律 一、本讲义内容导航 模块 学什么 帮你解决什么问题 01 写作主题 明确对象、任务、重点与语气 知道写什么、写给谁 02 写作框架 引入、特征说明、成因或影响、总结 搭出完整说明结构 03 写作词汇 主题词汇与实用表达 积累可直接使用的表达 04 写作句型 定义、举例、列数据的说明句式 把说明对象写清楚、写准确 05 写作模板 标准版与提升版结构 快速组织完整说明短文 06 典例精练 结合真实情境练习方法 把方法落实到任务中 07 写作指导 审题、谋篇与表达方法 解决写什么、怎么写 08 参考范文 学习结构、语言与表达逻辑 借鉴完整成篇表达 09 拓展练习 不同情境下的迁移写作 形成独立写作能力 10 写作评价表 对照标准自查、修改、提升 发现问题并完成改进 二、本单元5个拓展练习练什么？ 练习主题 写作任务 重点训练 练习1｜坚持晨跑记录 人与自我-坚韧 观察安排/身体变化/数据结论；take detailed notes of 练习2｜校园鸟类观察 人与自然-动物 观察方法/鸟类发现/保护建议；a variety of/decline 练习3｜气象观测报告 人与自然-天气与气候 观测安排/数据规律/结论收获；generate a pattern 练习4｜野外地质考察 人与自然-自然地理 考察安排/过程发现/收获思考；sample/identify 练习5｜科学营实验探究 人与社会-科学家 实验安排/过程结果/志向升华；characteristic/data 三、系列训练亮点与学习路径 教材同步 结构完整 表达可用 练习分层 评价促改 紧扣单元主题与体裁 从审题到修改形成闭环 词汇句型模板可迁移 五类情境训练不重复 对照标准自查修改 学习路径 定任务 → 明信息 → 学描写 → 写成篇 → 完成练习 → 修改提升 Unit 5 Revealing Nature 科考观察说明文（单元同步写作讲义） 一、写作主题 单元主题：自然观察与科学探究 应用文体裁：科考观察说明文 写作任务：为英语学习小组撰写观察记录或考察报告，呈现观察发现并总结规律。 本讲义重点训练： 1. 按时间或逻辑顺序呈现观察过程。 2. 用数据与事实描述观察发现。 3. 用过去完成时叙述观察前的变化。 4. 把单元词汇自然迁移到写作中。 二、写作框架 部分 内容要点 开头（1—2句） 交代观察对象、时间与目的。 主体（3—4句） 按顺序记录观察过程与发现，用数据说明变化，可用 decline, link 等表达。 结尾（1—2句） 总结观察结论，提出思考或建议。 三、写作词汇 核心单词 英文表达 中文释义 写作用途 sample n. 样本 描述采集的观察样本 evolve v. 进化，演变 描述生物的演变过程 evolution n. 进化 概括演变规律 ancestor n. 祖先 追溯物种来源 characteristic n. 特征 描述观察对象的特征 decline n./v. 减少，下降 描述数量变化 detect v. 发现，察觉 描述观察发现 link n./v. 联系 说明现象之间的关联 generate v. 产生 描述产生的现象或数据 suspect v. 推测，怀疑 表达科学推测 主题短语 英文表达 中文释义 写作用途 be native to 原产于 说明物种来源 answer the call 响应号召 描述参与科考活动 a variety of 各种各样的 概括观察对象种类 take notes of 记录 描述观察方法 based on 根据 引出观察结论 核心词汇写作运用 词汇填空（用所给短语的适当形式填空） 1. The researchers collected many _______(sample) before the storm came. 2. Giant tortoises are _______(be native to) the Galapagos Islands. 3. The number of visiting birds showed a sharp _______(decline) last winter. 4. Scientists _______(suspect) that the two events are closely linked. 5. The study _______(generate) a lot of useful data for our project. 参考答案： 1. 【答案】samples 【解析】many 后接可数名词复数，sample 的复数为 samples。 2. 【答案】native to 【解析】be native to 表示“原产于”，are 后接形容词短语。 3. 【答案】decline 【解析】a sharp 后接名词，decline 表示“下降”。 4. 【答案】suspect 【解析】主语 scientists 为复数，一般现在时用动词原形 suspect。 5. 【答案】generated 【解析】研究已发生，generate 用过去式 generated。 句子翻译（将下列句子翻译成英文） 1. 到上周为止，种子已经发芽了。（past perfect） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 雨停之前，鸟儿已经飞走了。（past perfect） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我们到达时，地质学家已经采集了二十份样本。（past perfect） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我发现叶子变黄了，因为已经很多天没下雨了。（past perfect） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 这是我见过的最惊人的变化。（the best... I have ever seen） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. 【答案】By last week, the seeds had already come out. 【解析】by + 过去时间提示过去完成时 had come out，表示“过去的过去”。 2. 【答案】The birds had flown away before the rain stopped. 【解析】before 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时 had flown away。 3. 【答案】When we arrived, the geologist had collected twenty samples. 【解析】arrived 为过去时，采集样本发生在到达之前，用 had collected。 4. 【答案】I found the leaves had turned yellow because it hadn't rained for many days. 【解析】叶子变黄和没下雨都发生在 find 之前，均用过去完成时。 5. 【答案】It is the most surprising change that I have ever seen. 【解析】the + 最高级 + 名词 + that I have ever seen 为固定表达，用现在完成时。 四、写作句型 开头句 1. From March 1st to 30th, I kept a close eye on the growth of _______(对象). 3月1日至30日，我密切观察了_______的生长变化。 2. Last month, our group carried out an observation of _______(对象) on campus. 上个月，我们小组在校园里对_______进行了一次观察。 3. In order to learn more about _______(对象)，we started a month-long observation. 为了更多地了解_______，我们开展了一次为期一个月的观察。 中间句 1. Every day I took notes of its height, the number of leaves and other changes. 我每天记录它的高度、叶片数量和其他变化。 2. By the end of the first week, the seeds had sprouted and tiny green leaves had appeared. 到第一周末，种子已经发芽，小小的绿叶已经长出。 3. To my surprise, the plants grew nearly two centimetres taller within a single day. 令我惊讶的是，植物一天之内就长高了近两厘米。 4. According to my records, the number of the birds showed a sharp decline in cold days. 根据我的记录，寒冷日子里鸟类的数量明显减少。 结尾句 1. Based on my observation, _______(结论). 根据我的观察，_______。 2. The observation teaches me that nature is full of secrets waiting to be discovered. 这次观察让我懂得，大自然充满等待发现的秘密。 3. In a word, patient recording and careful thinking are the keys to good observation. 总之，耐心记录和细心思考是做好观察的关键。 五、写作模板 模板1：简洁标准版 _______(文章标题) From _______(时间)，I kept a close eye on _______(对象). Every day I took notes of _______(记录内容). By the end of the first week, _______(早期发现). Later, I noticed that _______(主要发现). Based on my observation, _______(结论). 模板2：分层高分版 _______(文章标题) Last month, our group carried out an observation of _______(对象) in order to _______(目的). Every day, we took notes of _______(记录内容) and collected _______(样本或数据). By the end of the first week, _______(早期发现). To our surprise, _______(突出发现). According to our records, _______(数据规律)，which suggests that _______(初步推测). Based on our observation, we conclude that _______(结论). This experience teaches us that patient recording is the key to good science. 六、典例精练 假定你是李华，你校科学社团正在征集自然观察记录。请你写一篇英文短文，记录你观察绿豆发芽的过程与发现。内容包括： 1. 观察的时间与方法； 2. 观察到的变化与数据； 3. 你的结论与感受。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Watching Beans Sprout ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作指导 第一步 审题谋篇 项目 内容 体裁 科考观察说明文（观察记录） 对象 英语学习小组成员 写作目的 记录绿豆发芽的过程并总结生长规律 主题 自然观察与科学探究 时态 观察过程用过去时，先发生的变化用过去完成时，结论用一般现在时 人称 第一人称 语气 客观、准确、有科学味 布局 标题居中；开头交代观察安排；主体写变化与数据；结尾总结规律 第二步 要点拆解与表达 中文要点 英文表达 句式说明 我每天测量并记录。 I measured and recorded the changes every day. 一般过去时叙述观察方法。 到第三天，种子已经发芽。 By the third day, the seeds had sprouted. by + 过去时间用过去完成时。 数据显示生长很快。 The data showed fast growth. show + 名词概括数据发现。 第三步 句式升级 原句 升级句 仿写句 说明 The seeds began to grow. The seeds had begun to sprout by the second day. The buds had begun to open by Friday. 用过去完成时体现先后。 The plant grew very fast. The seedling grew at an amazing speed. The bamboo grew at an amazing speed after the rain. 用 at an amazing speed 概括速度。 I wrote down the changes. I took detailed notes of every change. I took detailed notes of the bird numbers. 用 take notes of 更书面。 第四步 同义替换 基础表达 升级表达 使用场景 began to sprout had begun to sprout 强调先于过去某时 grew very fast at an amazing speed 概括生长速度 wrote down took detailed notes of 概括记录方法 the change was big a surprising change 评价发现 so I think based on my records 引出结论 参考范文 基础版范文 Watching Beans Sprout From March 1st to 10th, I watched some bean seeds sprout at home. I put the seeds on wet paper and kept them warm. Every day, I measured them and took notes of the changes. On the second day, the seeds got bigger. By the third day, they had sprouted, and small white roots came out. Two days later, green leaves appeared. By the tenth day, the seedlings were about ten centimetres tall. The observation shows that beans grow fast in warm and wet places. 提高版范文 Watching Beans Sprout From March 1st to 10th, I carried out a home observation of bean seeds, keeping them on wet paper at a steady room temperature. Every day, I took detailed notes of their height and colour changes. By the third day, the seeds had begun to sprout， with tiny white roots pushing out. On the fifth day, green leaves unfolded, and by the tenth day the seedlings stood about ten centimetres tall, growing at an amazing speed. Based on my records， beans sprout fastest when they stay warm and wet. This surprising change taught me that patience is the first step of science. 七、拓展练习 练习1：坚持晨跑记录（人与自我-坚韧） 你校英文报“科学视角”栏目正在征集自我观察记录。请你写一篇短文，记录你一个月晨跑锻炼中身体状态的变化与发现。内容包括： 1. 观察的时间与方法； 2. 身体状态的变化； 3. 你的结论与感悟。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 A Month of Morning Runs ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路 本文属于观察记录，写作对象是英语学习小组成员，写作目的在于记录锻炼中的身体变化并总结规律。开头交代观察安排；主体按时间顺序呈现变化；结尾以数据支撑结论。可使用 decline, detect 等表达，并用过去完成时叙述观察前的状态。 基础版范文 A Month of Morning Runs Last month, I did morning running every day and recorded my body changes. On the first day, I could only run one kilometre and felt very tired. In the first week, my legs often hurt, and I slept badly. By the end of the second week, my body had got used to the exercise, and I could run three kilometres. By the end of the month, I could run five kilometres without stopping, and I felt full of energy in class. The records show that practice makes progress. 词汇升级 基础表达 升级表达 升级作用 I recorded my body changes I took detailed notes of my body changes 概括记录方法更书面 felt very tired my energy was at its lowest point 概括状态更客观 my body had got used to the exercise my body had adapted to the training 用词更科学 I could run farther my running distance showed a steady rise 用数据表述变化 practice makes progress my records detect a clear link between effort and results 用单元词点明规律 提高版范文 A Month of Morning Runs Last month, I challenged myself to run every morning and took detailed notes of my body changes. On day one, one kilometre left me breathless, and my energy was at its lowest point. During the first week, my legs often ached. By the end of the second week, however, my body had adapted to the training， and my running distance showed a steady rise. By day thirty, I could cover five kilometres without stopping. My records detect a clear link between effort and results： steady practice truly rebuilds both body and mind. 练习2：校园鸟类观察与保护建议（人与自然-动物） 你校英文报“科学视角”栏目正在征集自然观察记录。请你写一篇短文，记录校园鸟类观察的发现并提出保护建议。内容包括： 1. 观察的时间与方法； 2. 鸟类活动的发现； 3. 保护建议。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Birds on Our Campus ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路 本文属于观察记录，写作对象是英语学习小组成员，写作目的在于记录鸟类活动并唤起保护意识。开头交代观察安排；主体呈现发现与数据；结尾提出建议。可使用 decline, a variety of 等表达，并用过去完成时叙述观察前的变化。 基础版范文 Birds on Our Campus Last month, our group watched the birds on campus every afternoon. We took notes of the number and kinds of birds we saw. In the first week, we recorded about ten kinds of birds near the lake. But in the third week, the number showed a sharp decline. We found that some students scared the birds away, and a construction site made much noise. By the end of the month, most birds had left the noisy areas. We suggest that the school set up signs to tell students to protect the birds. 词汇升级 基础表达 升级表达 升级作用 We took notes of the number keeping detailed records of 概括记录更书面 ten kinds of birds a variety of birds 用单元短语概括种类 a sharp decline a worrying decline 评价变化更醒目 most birds had left the noisy areas most birds had flown to quieter corners 描述更具体 set up signs to tell students to protect the birds put up signs calling on everyone to protect the birds 表述更简洁 提高版范文 Birds on Our Campus Last month, our group carried out a daily observation of campus birds, keeping detailed records of their numbers and activities. In the first week, we spotted a variety of birds near the lake, from magpies to sparrows. However, in the third week, the number showed a worrying decline. We suspected the noise from a construction site, and our records proved it: most birds had flown to quieter corners by the end of the month. Based on our findings, we suggest that the school put up signs calling on everyone to protect the birds and their quiet home. 练习3：一个月气象观测报告（人与自然-天气与气候） 你校英文报“科学视角”栏目正在征集自然观察记录。请你写一篇短文，整理一个月的气象观测数据并撰写观察报告。内容包括： 1. 观测的时间与方法； 2. 数据整理与天气规律； 3. 你的结论。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 One Month of Weather Watch ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路 本文属于观察报告，写作对象是英语学习小组成员，写作目的在于呈现天气规律并学习科学记录方法。开头交代观测安排；主体呈现数据规律；结尾总结方法收获。可使用 generate, based on 等表达，并用过去完成时叙述观测前的准备。 基础版范文 One Month of Weather Watch Last month, our group recorded the weather every day at seven in the morning. We noted the temperature, the wind and the sky conditions in a chart. In the first ten days, it was sunny and warm. Then it rained for eight days, and the temperature fell by six degrees. By the end of the month, the weather had turned dry and cool again. Our records show that the rain always came with strong south winds. The observation helps us understand how the weather changes. 词汇升级 基础表达 升级表达 升级作用 recorded the weather kept a daily weather log 概括记录方法更专业 noted the temperature noted the temperature and other data 概括内容更全面 the temperature fell the temperature showed a sharp decline 用单元词表述变化 Our records show that Our data generate a clear pattern 用单元词点明数据价值 understand how the weather changes find the hidden link between wind and rain 用单元词提升结论 提高版范文 One Month of Weather Watch Last month, our group kept a daily weather log， and noted the temperature and other data at seven every morning. During the first ten days, it stayed sunny and warm. Then came eight rainy days, during which the temperature showed a sharp decline of six degrees. By the end of the month, the weather had turned dry and cool again. Comparing the charts, we found that every rainfall followed strong south winds — our data generate a clear pattern. Based on this link, we can now find the hidden link between wind and rain and make simple forecasts, which is the best reward of patient watching. 练习4：野外地质考察（人与自然-自然地理） 你校英文报“科学视角”栏目正在征集考察报告。请你写一篇短文，介绍一次野外地质考察的发现与收获。内容包括： 1. 考察的时间与地点； 2. 考察过程与发现； 3. 收获与思考。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 A Day on the Rocky Hill ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路 本文属于考察报告，写作对象是英语学习小组成员，写作目的在于呈现考察过程并阐释科学意义。开头交代考察安排；主体按顺序写过程与发现；结尾总结收获。可使用 sample, geologist 等表达，并用过去完成时叙述考察前的准备。 基础版范文 A Day on the Rocky Hill Last Saturday, our science club went to Green Hill for a field study. Before we set off, we had prepared maps, hammers and bags for samples. A geologist came with us and taught us how to tell different rocks. We walked along the valley and collected rock samples in groups. I found a stone with strange lines, and the geologist said it had formed in the sea millions of years ago. By noon, we had collected fifteen samples in all. The trip taught us that every rock tells a story of the earth. 词汇升级 基础表达 升级表达 升级作用 we had prepared maps we had prepared all the necessary tools 概括准备更全面 taught us how to tell different rocks showed us how to identify different rocks 用词更专业 collected rock samples collect and label rock samples 描述方法更严谨 it had formed in the sea it had formed on an ancient seabed 表述更准确 every rock tells a story of the earth every rock carries a link to the earth's past 用单元词升华意义 提高版范文 A Day on the Rocky Hill Last Saturday, our science club went to Green Hill for a field study. Before setting off, we had prepared all the necessary tools， from maps to sample bags. With a geologist guiding us, we learned along the way, and the geologist showed us how to identify different rocks and how to collect and label rock samples in groups. My favourite find was a stone with fine lines — the geologist explained that it had formed on an ancient seabed millions of years ago. The trip taught us that every rock carries a link to the earth's past， waiting for patient eyes to read. 练习5：科学营实验探究（人与社会-科学家） 你校英文报“科学视角”栏目正在征集探究报告。请你写一篇短文，记录一次青少年科学营的实验探究经历。内容包括： 1. 实验的时间与主题； 2. 实验过程与结果； 3. 你的收获与志向。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Three Days in the Science Camp ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路 本文属于探究报告，写作对象是英语学习小组成员，写作目的在于记录探究过程并表达科学志趣。开头交代实验安排；主体呈现过程与结果；结尾升华志向。可使用 generate, characteristic 等表达，并用过去完成时叙述实验前的准备。 基础版范文 Three Days in the Science Camp During the holiday, I took part in a science camp and studied how plants grow in different lights. Before the experiment, our team had prepared three boxes of bean seedlings. We put them in sunlight, weak light and darkness. Every day, we measured the seedlings and wrote down the data. Three days later, the seedlings in sunlight grew strongest, while those in darkness turned yellow and thin. The experiment generated a lot of interesting data. It makes me want to be a scientist and study nature. 词汇升级 基础表达 升级表达 升级作用 our team had prepared three boxes our team had prepared three groups of seedlings 表述更科学 wrote down the data took detailed notes of the data 概括记录更书面 grew strongest showed the best growth 用数据表述更客观 generated a lot of interesting data generated valuable data for our conclusion 用单元词点明数据作用 want to be a scientist strengthens my dream of becoming a scientist 表达志向更有力 提高版范文 Three Days in the Science Camp During the holiday, I joined a science camp to study how light affects plant growth. Our team had prepared three groups of bean seedlings， placing them in sunlight, weak light and darkness. Every day we measured them and took detailed notes of the data. Three days later, the seedlings in sunlight showed the best growth， while those in darkness turned yellow and thin. The experiment generated valuable data for our conclusion： light is the engine of growth. This experience strengthens my dream of becoming a scientist and reading more secrets of nature. 八、写作评价表 评价维度 分值 自评 同伴评 评价说明 结构 Structure 3分 ____ / 3 ____ / 3 三段结构清楚，文章标题居中，开头、主体、结尾安排合理。 内容 Content 6分 ____ / 6 ____ / 6 观察过程完整，数据呈现具体，结论提炼有据。 语言 Language 4分 ____ / 4 ____ / 4 能使用本单元核心词汇和目标句式，表达准确连贯。 书写 Handwriting 2分 ____ / 2 ____ / 2 书写清楚，拼写、大小写和标点规范。 总分 Total 15分 ____ / 15 ____ / 15 综合评价：结构、内容、语言、书写整体表现。 自我反思与改进 我最需要改进的一项：□结构 □内容 □语言 □书写 具体改进计划：________________________ 评分参考 满分 15 分；13—15 优秀；10—12 达标；7—9 需修改；6 分及以下建议重写。 3 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 3 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Revealing Nature｜科考观察说明文写作学习地图 主题 体裁 建议词数 核心任务 自然观察与科学探究 科考观察说明文 80词左右 记录观察过程与发现并总结规律 一、本讲义内容导航 模块 学什么 帮你解决什么问题 01 写作主题 明确对象、任务、重点与语气 知道写什么、写给谁 02 写作框架 引入、特征说明、成因或影响、总结 搭出完整说明结构 03 写作词汇 主题词汇与实用表达 积累可直接使用的表达 04 写作句型 定义、举例、列数据的说明句式 把说明对象写清楚、写准确 05 写作模板 标准版与提升版结构 快速组织完整说明短文 06 典例精练 结合真实情境练习方法 把方法落实到任务中 07 写作指导 审题、谋篇与表达方法 解决写什么、怎么写 08 参考范文 学习结构、语言与表达逻辑 借鉴完整成篇表达 09 拓展练习 不同情境下的迁移写作 形成独立写作能力 10 写作评价表 对照标准自查、修改、提升 发现问题并完成改进 二、本单元5个拓展练习练什么？ 练习主题 写作任务 重点训练 练习1｜坚持晨跑记录 人与自我-坚韧 观察安排/身体变化/数据结论；take detailed notes of 练习2｜校园鸟类观察 人与自然-动物 观察方法/鸟类发现/保护建议；a variety of/decline 练习3｜气象观测报告 人与自然-天气与气候 观测安排/数据规律/结论收获；generate a pattern 练习4｜野外地质考察 人与自然-自然地理 考察安排/过程发现/收获思考；sample/identify 练习5｜科学营实验探究 人与社会-科学家 实验安排/过程结果/志向升华；characteristic/data 三、系列训练亮点与学习路径 教材同步 结构完整 表达可用 练习分层 评价促改 紧扣单元主题与体裁 从审题到修改形成闭环 词汇句型模板可迁移 五类情境训练不重复 对照标准自查修改 学习路径 定任务 → 明信息 → 学描写 → 写成篇 → 完成练习 → 修改提升 Unit 5 Revealing Nature 科考观察说明文（单元同步写作讲义） 一、写作主题 单元主题：自然观察与科学探究 应用文体裁：科考观察说明文 写作任务：为英语学习小组撰写观察记录或考察报告，呈现观察发现并总结规律。 本讲义重点训练： 1. 按时间或逻辑顺序呈现观察过程。 2. 用数据与事实描述观察发现。 3. 用过去完成时叙述观察前的变化。 4. 把单元词汇自然迁移到写作中。 二、写作框架 部分 内容要点 开头（1—2句） 交代观察对象、时间与目的。 主体（3—4句） 按顺序记录观察过程与发现，用数据说明变化，可用 decline, link 等表达。 结尾（1—2句） 总结观察结论，提出思考或建议。 三、写作词汇 核心单词 英文表达 中文释义 写作用途 sample n. 样本 描述采集的观察样本 evolve v. 进化，演变 描述生物的演变过程 evolution n. 进化 概括演变规律 ancestor n. 祖先 追溯物种来源 characteristic n. 特征 描述观察对象的特征 decline n./v. 减少，下降 描述数量变化 detect v. 发现，察觉 描述观察发现 link n./v. 联系 说明现象之间的关联 generate v. 产生 描述产生的现象或数据 suspect v. 推测，怀疑 表达科学推测 主题短语 英文表达 中文释义 写作用途 be native to 原产于 说明物种来源 answer the call 响应号召 描述参与科考活动 a variety of 各种各样的 概括观察对象种类 take notes of 记录 描述观察方法 based on 根据 引出观察结论 核心词汇写作运用 词汇填空（用所给短语的适当形式填空） 1. The researchers collected many _______(sample) before the storm came. 2. Giant tortoises are _______(be native to) the Galapagos Islands. 3. The number of visiting birds showed a sharp _______(decline) last winter. 4. Scientists _______(suspect) that the two events are closely linked. 5. The study _______(generate) a lot of useful data for our project. 句子翻译（将下列句子翻译成英文） 1. 到上周为止，种子已经发芽了。（past perfect） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 雨停之前，鸟儿已经飞走了。（past perfect） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我们到达时，地质学家已经采集了二十份样本。（past perfect） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我发现叶子变黄了，因为已经很多天没下雨了。（past perfect） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 这是我见过的最惊人的变化。（the best... I have ever seen） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、写作句型 开头句 1. From March 1st to 30th, I kept a close eye on the growth of _______(对象). 3月1日至30日，我密切观察了_______的生长变化。 2. Last month, our group carried out an observation of _______(对象) on campus. 上个月，我们小组在校园里对_______进行了一次观察。 3. In order to learn more about _______(对象)，we started a month-long observation. 为了更多地了解_______，我们开展了一次为期一个月的观察。 中间句 1. Every day I took notes of its height, the number of leaves and other changes. 我每天记录它的高度、叶片数量和其他变化。 2. By the end of the first week, the seeds had sprouted and tiny green leaves had appeared. 到第一周末，种子已经发芽，小小的绿叶已经长出。 3. To my surprise, the plants grew nearly two centimetres taller within a single day. 令我惊讶的是，植物一天之内就长高了近两厘米。 4. According to my records, the number of the birds showed a sharp decline in cold days. 根据我的记录，寒冷日子里鸟类的数量明显减少。 结尾句 1. Based on my observation, _______(结论). 根据我的观察，_______。 2. The observation teaches me that nature is full of secrets waiting to be discovered. 这次观察让我懂得，大自然充满等待发现的秘密。 3. In a word, patient recording and careful thinking are the keys to good observation. 总之，耐心记录和细心思考是做好观察的关键。 五、写作模板 模板1：简洁标准版 _______(文章标题) From _______(时间)，I kept a close eye on _______(对象). Every day I took notes of _______(记录内容). By the end of the first week, _______(早期发现). Later, I noticed that _______(主要发现). Based on my observation, _______(结论). 模板2：分层高分版 _______(文章标题) Last month, our group carried out an observation of _______(对象) in order to _______(目的). Every day, we took notes of _______(记录内容) and collected _______(样本或数据). By the end of the first week, _______(早期发现). To our surprise, _______(突出发现). According to our records, _______(数据规律)，which suggests that _______(初步推测). Based on our observation, we conclude that _______(结论). This experience teaches us that patient recording is the key to good science. 六、典例精练 假定你是李华，你校科学社团正在征集自然观察记录。请你写一篇英文短文，记录你观察绿豆发芽的过程与发现。内容包括： 1. 观察的时间与方法； 2. 观察到的变化与数据； 3. 你的结论与感受。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Watching Beans Sprout ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 七、拓展练习 练习1：坚持晨跑记录（人与自我-坚韧） 你校英文报“科学视角”栏目正在征集自我观察记录。请你写一篇短文，记录你一个月晨跑锻炼中身体状态的变化与发现。内容包括： 1. 观察的时间与方法； 2. 身体状态的变化； 3. 你的结论与感悟。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 A Month of Morning Runs ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 练习2：校园鸟类观察与保护建议（人与自然-动物） 你校英文报“科学视角”栏目正在征集自然观察记录。请你写一篇短文，记录校园鸟类观察的发现并提出保护建议。内容包括： 1. 观察的时间与方法； 2. 鸟类活动的发现； 3. 保护建议。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Birds on Our Campus ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 练习3：一个月气象观测报告（人与自然-天气与气候） 你校英文报“科学视角”栏目正在征集自然观察记录。请你写一篇短文，整理一个月的气象观测数据并撰写观察报告。内容包括： 1. 观测的时间与方法； 2. 数据整理与天气规律； 3. 你的结论。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 One Month of Weather Watch ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 练习4：野外地质考察（人与自然-自然地理） 你校英文报“科学视角”栏目正在征集考察报告。请你写一篇短文，介绍一次野外地质考察的发现与收获。内容包括： 1. 考察的时间与地点； 2. 考察过程与发现； 3. 收获与思考。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 A Day on the Rocky Hill ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 练习5：科学营实验探究（人与社会-科学家） 你校英文报“科学视角”栏目正在征集探究报告。请你写一篇短文，记录一次青少年科学营的实验探究经历。内容包括： 1. 实验的时间与主题； 2. 实验过程与结果； 3. 你的收获与志向。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Three Days in the Science Camp ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 八、写作评价表 评价维度 分值 自评 同伴评 评价说明 结构 Structure 3分 ____ / 3 ____ / 3 三段结构清楚，文章标题居中，开头、主体、结尾安排合理。 内容 Content 6分 ____ / 6 ____ / 6 观察过程完整，数据呈现具体，结论提炼有据。 语言 Language 4分 ____ / 4 ____ / 4 能使用本单元核心词汇和目标句式，表达准确连贯。 书写 Handwriting 2分 ____ / 2 ____ / 2 书写清楚，拼写、大小写和标点规范。 总分 Total 15分 ____ / 15 ____ / 15 综合评价：结构、内容、语言、书写整体表现。 自我反思与改进 我最需要改进的一项：□结构 □内容 □语言 □书写 具体改进计划：________________________ 评分参考 满分 15 分；13—15 优秀；10—12 达标；7—9 需修改；6 分及以下建议重写。 3 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 3 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $