高考英语阅读理解C篇 科普说明文 （五） 2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语科普说明文阅读，通过4个前沿话题（深海探测等）的16道题，系统提炼细节定位、推理判断等解题方法，强化语言理解与思维品质，构建“问题-技术-优缺-前景”的科普文逻辑框架。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |深海原位探测|4题|细节题定位原文关键句，推理题依据转折词（However）|以“传统方法局限-新技术优势-现存问题-未来应用”为逻辑链| |植物根系网络|4题|主旨题抓高频核心词（mycorrhizal networks），词义题结合上下文|按“网络功能-生态影响-农业应用”展开，体现事物两面性| |海水可降解塑料|4题|推理题关注限定词（hardly/completely），细节题比对选项与原文|遵循“污染问题-材料特性-应用前景-改进方向”的说明顺序| |昆虫蛋白食物|4题|标题题概括全文核心对象（insect protein），推理题分析心理阻力|围绕“传统养殖问题-昆虫蛋白优势-推广障碍-定位补充”的逻辑展开|

高考英语阅读理解C篇（科普说明文） 话题：深海矿物原位探测 话题：植物根系地下通讯网络 话题：可降解海水环境塑料 话题：昆虫蛋白可持续食物 Passage 1 话题：深海原位矿物探测技术 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The deep ocean stores abundant mineral resources, yet collecting reliable samples has long been a tough task for researchers. Traditional deep‑sea research requires bringing rock samples back to surface laboratories for analysis. During the long rising journey, temperature and pressure change sharply, which may alter the chemical features of minerals and lead to inaccurate test results. To solve the problem, scientists have developed in‑situ mineral detecting devices working thousands of meters below sea level. Fixed on remotely operated underwater vehicles, these detection instruments can finish chemical analysis directly on the seabed without taking rocks up to the surface. Sensors scan mineral components and send real‑time data back to research ships above. Researchers no longer need to worry about chemical changes caused by dramatic environmental shifts in the course of sample transportation. The new equipment greatly improves data reliability for deep‑sea geology studies. However, it still faces practical limits. The complex undersea environment causes frequent instrument failures. Besides, each deep‑sea mission costs huge amounts of money, so test times are strictly limited. It cannot replace sample collection completely, for some detailed research still needs physical rock material. Scientists hold that in‑situ detection will become a vital tool for future deep‑sea exploration. It works best when combined with traditional sampling methods, rather than serving as a single solution for all geological research. 1. What is the main shortcoming of traditional deep‑sea mineral‑sampling methods? A. It cannot collect any rock samples from the seabed. B. Changing pressure and temperature may change minerals’ chemical properties. C. It sends real‑time data without bringing rocks to the surface. D. Its operation requires no expensive deep‑sea vehicles. 2. What advantage does the in‑situ detecting device have? A. It analyzes minerals directly on the ocean floor. B. It can totally avoid equipment breakdown under the sea. C. It cuts the cost of each deep‑sea mission to a low level. D. It provides all detailed data without real rock samples. 3. What can we infer about in‑situ mineral detecting devices? A. It will take the place of traditional sampling totally soon. B. It can work well without matching underwater vehicles. C. It should be used together with traditional sampling for better results. D. It can carry out unlimited deep‑sea tests with little cost. 4. What does the underlined word “in‑situ” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. on‑site B. off‑site C. long‑distance D. high‑speed Passage 2 话题：植物地下根系通讯网络 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Above ground, plants compete for sunlight. Beneath the soil, complex communication goes on among plant roots, linked by thin fungal threads. Known as mycorrhizal networks, these underground structures connect different individual plants, even those belonging to different species. They form an invisible information and resource‑sharing system underneath forests and grasslands. Through fungal threads, plants can pass water, mineral nutrition and warning signals to one another. When one plant suffers insect attacks, it can send chemical warnings through the network. Neighbouring plants will then produce defensive chemical substances ahead of time to resist incoming pests. Young weak seedlings can also receive nutrition from tall mature trees via the same underground links. This underground network contributes a lot to the stability of plant communities. Even so, the system is not always beneficial. Some invasive plant species take advantage of the fungal threads, stealing nutrition from local native plants and suppressing their growth. Heavy chemical fertilizer used in farmland may also damage these fragile underground connection structures. Researchers are studying how to make good use of mycorrhizal networks in agriculture. Instead of removing all fungi blindly, proper farm management may protect such networks, reduce pesticide dependence and help farm crops grow better. 1. What function can mycorrhizal networks perform among plants? A. Blocking all sunlight for plants underground. B. Transferring nutrition and chemical warning signals. C. Speeding up the removal of invasive plant species. D. Producing large amounts of chemical fertilizer directly. 2. What will neighbouring plants do after receiving warning signals? A. They will stop growing completely underground. B. They will absorb all nutrition from mature trees. C. They will create defensive chemicals against pests. D. They will release poisonous gas to kill all insects. 3. What can we infer about mycorrhizal networks? A. They bring only positive influences to all plant species. B. Farm chemical fertilizers may do harm to underground fungal links. C. Invasive plants refuse to make use of these fungal threads. D. Farmers have totally abandoned pesticides because of the networks. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Invisible underground communication system among plants B. Different methods of removing harmful farmland pests C. Major causes for the disappearance of forest plants D. How farm fertilizers improve crop production Passage 3 话题：海水可降解新型塑料 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Ordinary plastic products can remain unchanged in ocean water for hundreds of years, causing serious marine‑pollution problems. Most present‑day degradable plastics are designed to break down under high‑temperature compost conditions. Once thrown into cold seawater, they hardly decompose, failing to solve ocean plastic pollution. Facing this situation, scientists have developed new kinds of seawater‑degradable plastic materials. The new material adopts special plant‑derived polymer structures. When exposed to seawater, salt ions and marine microbes will gradually break its chemical chains into harmless small molecules. Finally it dissolves completely without leaving poisonous microplastic waste particles. It keeps stable and firm during normal use, and only begins decomposition after long‑time contact with seawater environment. The material shows bright prospects for ocean‑related industries. Fishing nets, offshore equipment parts and coastal disposable goods may greatly reduce marine pollution risk. However, plenty of challenges remain. Its present production cost is much higher than common plastic. Besides, its decomposition speed is greatly influenced by seawater temperature and salt concentration. Cold deep seawater will slow down its breaking‑down process obviously. Researchers are trying to adjust material structures and lower manufacturing costs. They point out that seawater‑degradable plastic is not a perfect cure‑all solution. Reducing over‑use of plastic products should still be people’s first choice for marine environmental protection. 1. Why cannot most existing degradable plastics solve ocean plastic pollution? A. They produce more microplastics than ordinary plastics. B. They hardly break down in cold seawater conditions. C. They become poisonous immediately after touching seawater. D. Their production consumes huge amounts of ocean water. 2. What feature belongs to seawater‑degradable plastic? A. It stays stable in use and decomposes in seawater. B. It dissolves instantly once it meets seawater. C. It is totally made from ocean‑collected mineral resources. D. It can resist decomposition under any marine microbes. 3. What can we infer about seawater‑degradable plastic? A. Its price is lower than traditional plastic for mass production. B. Low‑temperature deep seawater may slow its decomposition. C. It can completely settle all present‑day marine pollution. D. It has been widely used in every coastal industry. 4. What does the underlined word “prospects” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. bad results B. future possibilities C. hidden risks D. strict standards Passage 4 话题：昆虫蛋白作为可持续食物来源 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Growing global population puts increasing pressure on traditional livestock farming. Cattle and sheep breeding occupies large land areas and produces considerable greenhouse‑gas emissions. Insect protein has drawn wide attention as one promising sustainable food resource for human beings. Certain edible insects contain high‑level protein, vitamins and mineral elements. Raising insects requires far less land, water and feed compared with raising cattle. Insect farming also releases much fewer greenhouse gases. Many parts of the world already have a long history of eating insects. Still, psychological resistance becomes one big barrier in many modern societies. Lots of consumers feel uncomfortable about the idea of eating insects directly. Food producers work out a practical solution: processing insects into powder. Insect protein powder can be added into bread, biscuits and energy bars. Consumers receive nutrition brought by insects without seeing insect bodies. Even so, public acceptance remains limited. Relevant food safety rules also need further perfecting before large‑scale market promotion. Experts state that insect protein will not replace pork or beef in the near future. Instead, it serves as an important supplementary food source. Balanced diet still depends on diverse food systems combining traditional farming and new food resources. 1. What is one disadvantage of traditional livestock farming? A. It consumes little land and water resources. B. It releases a great deal of greenhouse gases. C. It provides no high‑quality protein for humans. D. It fits perfectly for fast‑growing global population. 2. Why do food producers turn insects into protein powder? A. To lower the protein content of food products. B. To help consumers accept insect‑based nutrition more easily. C. To completely remove all vitamins inside insects. D. To make insects look like real meat in appearance. 3. What can we infer about insect protein from the text? A. It will totally take the place of beef and pork very soon. B. Food safety regulations for it are already fully completed. C. Mental unwillingness stops some people from eating insects. D. Insect farming creates more gas pollution than cattle raising. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Insect protein: a promising sustainable food resource B. Traditional ways of raising cattle and sheep worldwide C. Reasons for global rapid growth of human population D. Various methods to improve daily public eating habits 参考答案与详细解析 Passage 1 答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 1. B 细节理解。定位第一段temperature and pressure change sharply, which may alter the chemical features of minerals，温度压力剧变会改变矿物化学性质，造成检测不准。 A：无法从海底获取岩石样本，与原文矛盾； C：无需取岩石就传回实时数据，这是新设备的特点； D：不需要昂贵深海设备，文中无依据。 2. A 细节理解。定位第二段these detecting instruments can finish chemical analysis directly on the seabed，原位探测设备直接在海底完成矿物分析。 B：完全避免海底仪器故障，原文仪器故障频发； C：把深海任务成本降到很低，原文耗资巨大； D：不需要实体岩石就能拿到全部详细数据，表述绝对。 3. C 推理判断。定位末段It works best when combined with traditional sampling methods，原位探测最好和传统取样相结合使用。 A：很快彻底取代传统取样，原文不能完全替代； B：无需水下运载设备就可工作，设备搭载在水下机器人； D：几乎无成本、可无限次测试，与原文相反。 4. A 词义猜测。in‑situ 意为“原位的、现场的”；on‑site现场的；B场外的；C远距离的；D高速的。B/C/D语义不符。 Passage 2 答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 1. B 细节理解。定位第二段plants can pass water, mineral nutrition and warning signals through the network，菌根网络传递营养与化学预警信号。 A：为地下植物遮挡阳光；C：清除入侵植物；D：直接生产化肥，均与原文不符。 2. C 细节理解。定位第二段Neighbouring plants will then produce defensive chemical substances ahead of time to resist incoming pests，邻近植物提前生成防御化学物质抵御害虫。 A：地下完全停止生长；B：掠夺成熟树木全部营养；D：释放毒气杀死全部昆虫，all属于绝对化错误。 3. B 推理判断。定位第三段Heavy chemical fertilizer used in farmland may also damage these fragile underground connection structures，农田化肥会破坏地下真菌网络。 A：只带来有利影响，原文入侵植物会利用网络掠夺养分； C：入侵物种不使用该网络，和原文相反； D：农民已经彻底放弃农药，文中无依据。 4. A 主旨标题。全文介绍植物地下看不见的根系真菌通讯网络。 B农田害虫治理方法；C森林植物消失的原因；D化肥增产，均偏离核心对象。 Passage 3 答案：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 1. B 细节理解。定位第一段Most present‑day degradable plastics…Once thrown into cold seawater, they hardly decompose，现有可降解塑料在冷海水中几乎无法降解。 A：产生更多微塑料，原文无对比； C：遇海水立刻产生毒性；D：生产消耗大量海水，均无依据。 2. A 细节理解。定位第二段It keeps stable and firm during normal use, and only begins decomposition after long‑time contact with seawater，新型海水可降解塑料使用时性能稳定，接触海水才开始降解。 B：遇海水瞬间溶解，原文需要长时间接触； C：原料全部取自海洋矿物；D：抵抗海洋微生物分解，与原文相反。 3. B 推理判断。定位第三段Cold deep seawater will slow down its breaking‑down process obviously，低温深海会减缓它的降解速度。 A：量产价格低于传统塑料，原文成本更高； C：彻底解决全部海洋污染，表述绝对； D：已经广泛应用于各个沿海产业，尚未大规模推广。 4. B 词义猜测。prospects此处表示“前景，未来可能性”；future possibilities未来可能性；A坏结果；C潜在风险；D严格标准。A/C/D不匹配语境。 Passage 4 答案：1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 1. B 细节理解。定位第一段Cattle and sheep breeding occupies large land areas and produces considerable greenhouse‑gas emissions，传统畜牧养殖会排放大量温室气体。 A：消耗少量水土资源，原文占用大量土地； C：不能提供优质蛋白，与事实矛盾； D：完美适配人口增长压力，是现存问题。 2. B 细节理解。定位第三段Consumers receive nutrition brought by insects without seeing insect bodies，加工成蛋白粉，消除消费者心理不适，更容易接受昆虫来源营养。 A：降低食品蛋白含量；C：去除昆虫全部维生素；D：伪装成肉类外观，文中均没有。 3. C 推理判断。定位第二段psychological resistance becomes one big barrier in many modern societies，心理抵触阻碍部分人食用昆虫食品。 A：很快完全替代牛羊肉，原文短期内不会； B：相关食品安全法规已经完备，法规仍待完善； D：昆虫养殖比养牛污染更大，与原文相反。 4. A 主旨标题。文章围绕昆虫蛋白这一可持续新型食物来源展开说明。 B传统牛羊养殖；C全球人口增长原因；D改善大众饮食习惯，均偏离文章中心。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $