Unit 3 Getting along with others 词汇词形变化背诵单及巩固练习-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版必修第一册

必修一Unit3词汇词形变化背诵单及巩固练习 一．重点词汇词形变化 1. horror n. 震惊，恐惧 → horrifying adj. 令人震惊的 → horrified adj. 感到震惊的 → horrifyingly adv. 可怕地 2. recover vi. 恢复健康　vt. 全额收回 → recovery n. 康复；收回 3. loss n. 丧失；亏损 → lose vt. 失去；丢失 → lost adj. 丢失的，迷路的 4. judge vt. & vi. 评价；判断　n. 法官 → judgement (judgment) n. 判断力；审判 5. apologize vi. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 → apologetic adj. 道歉的，愧疚的 6. behave vi. 表现；表现得体 → behaviour n. 行为，举止，态度 7. ignore vt. 忽视，对……不予理会 → ignorance n. 无知 → ignorant adj. 无知的 8. explode vi. 爆发；爆炸　vt. 使爆炸 → explosion n. 突然爆发；爆炸 9. generous adj. 慷慨的 → generosity n. 慷慨，大方 10. respect vt. & n. 尊敬 → respectful adj. 表示敬意的，尊敬的 → respective adj. 各自的 11. efficient adj. 效率高的 → efficiency n. 效率 12. reflection n. 沉思；反射 → reflect vt. 反映　vi. 沉思 13. benefit n. 益处　vt. 使受益　vi. 得益于 → beneficial adj. 有裨益的 14. comfort vt. 宽慰　n. 舒服 → comfortable adj. 舒适的 → uncomfortable adj. 使人不舒服的 → comfortably adv. 舒服地 15. failure n. 失败；故障 → fail vi. 失败 16. recognize vt. 承认；认出 → recognition n. 承认；认出 17. crowd n. 人群　vt. 挤满 → crowded adj. 拥挤的 18. company n. 陪伴；公司 → accompany vt. 陪伴 → companion n. 伴侣 19. admire vt. 钦佩 → admiration n. 钦佩 → admirable adj. 可钦佩的 二．巩固练习 1. ______ (judge) from what he said at the meeting, the manager is not at all satisfied with the recent sales figures, and stricter measures will be taken soon. 2. The smooth surface of the lake ______ (reflection) the beautiful mountains in the distance, forming a picture-like scene that attracted countless photographers. 3. Seated ______ (comfort) in the soft armchair by the fire, the old man began to tell us stories about his adventurous youth in the army. 4. The film was so ______ (horror) that many children covered their eyes with their hands and dared not watch the frightening scenes at all. 5. After months of careful treatment and the nurses' patient company, the old man eventually made a full ______ (recover) and returned home. 6. Much to our disappointment, the ambitious plan ______ (failure) mainly because of a lack of funds and experienced staff. 7. The local farmers ______ (benefit) a lot from the new policy that encourages them to grow organic vegetables. 8. The referee's ______ (judge) was final, and none of the players dared to argue with him, though several of them clearly disagreed. 9. Realizing that his rude words had hurt his best friend deeply, Tom wrote a long letter, in which he was truly ______ (apologize) for what he had said. 10. It was the old lady's ______ (generous) that moved everyone present to tears; she donated almost all her savings to the village school. 11. After the heated discussion, the two sides returned to their ______ (respect) offices to reconsider the proposal carefully. 12. With modern machines introduced, the ______ (efficient) of the factory has been greatly improved, so the workers no longer need to work overtime. 13. Since he ______ (loss) his job last month, he has been trying every possible means to support his big family. 14. The great scientist's outstanding contributions to the research of agriculture have won him worldwide ______ (recognize). 15. The subway was so ______ (crowd) during the rush hour that I could hardly find a place to put my feet, let alone sit down. 16. Not until his father promised to ______ (company) him to the amusement park did the little boy stop crying. 17. Many city children are completely ______ (ignore) of how hard farming is, simply because they have never set foot in the countryside. 18. The ______ (explode) of the gas tank was so powerful that all the windows within a mile were shattered into pieces. 19. We all looked at the young firefighter with ______ (admire), for he had risked his own life to save the trapped child. 20. The young man's courage in jumping into the cold river to save the drowning girl is truly ______ (admire). 21. Although the new apartment is spacious, the hard sofa makes guests feel rather ______ (comfort) when they sit on it. 22. His complete ______ (ignore) of the safety rules led directly to the serious accident that happened last Friday. 23. Taking exercise regularly is ______ (benefit) to both your physical and mental health, which has been proved by many scientific studies. 24. Parents should set a good example to their children, because children tend to copy the ______ (behave) of the adults around them. 25. The young musician was unfairly ______ (judge) by his old-fashioned appearance at first, but his outstanding talent soon silenced all the doubts. 26. The ______ (horror) expression on her face clearly suggested that she had never expected such a terrible thing to happen to her family. 答案详解 1. Judging　考查固定结构。judging from/by... “从……来判断”，为习惯用语，作独立成分；judge→judging。and 连接并列句。 2. reflected　考查动词。句中缺谓语，由 formed 可知用一般过去时；reflection→reflect“反射，映出”。forming... 为现在分词短语作结果状语，that 引导定语从句。 3. comfortably　考查副词。修饰过去分词 Seated 作状语；comfort→comfortably“舒服地”。Seated... 为过去分词短语作原因状语。 4. horrifying　考查 -ing 形容词。so...that 结构；修饰事物（the film）用 -ing 形式“令人恐惧的”；horror→horrifying。that 引导结果状语从句。 5. recovery　考查名词。不定冠词 a 后接名词；recover→recovery“康复”。make a full recovery“完全康复”，固定短语。 6. failed　考查动词。句中缺谓语，由 much to our disappointment 及语境可知用一般过去时；failure→fail“失败”。because of 后接名词短语作原因。 7. have benefited　考查动词时态，根据句意用现在完成时，have benefited a lot from...“从……中受益匪浅”。 8. judgement　考查名词。名词所有格 the referee's 后接名词作主语中心词；judge→judgement“判决，判罚”。though 引导让步状语从句。 9. apologetic　考查形容词。be 动词后接形容词作表语；apologize→apologetic“道歉的，愧疚的”。Realizing... 为现在分词短语作原因状语；in which 引导定语从句。 10. generosity　考查名词。名词所有格 the old lady's 后接名词；generous→generosity“慷慨”。本句为强调句型 It was...that...，强调主语。 11. respective　考查形容词。修饰名词 offices 作定语；respect→respective“各自的”，注意与 respectful“尊敬的”相区别。 12. efficiency　考查名词。定冠词 the 后接名词作句子主语；efficient→efficiency“效率”。With modern machines introduced 为 with 复合结构；so 引导结果状语从句。 13. lost　考查动词。Since 引导时间状语从句，从句中缺谓语，用一般过去时；loss→lose“失去”。主句 has been trying 为现在完成进行时。 14. recognition　考查名词。形容词 worldwide 后接名词作宾语；recognize→recognition“认可，承认”。win sb sth“为某人赢得……”，双宾语结构。 15. crowded　考查形容词。be 动词后接形容词作表语；crowd→crowded“拥挤的”。so...that 引导结果状语从句；let alone“更不用说”。 16. accompany　考查动词。promise to do sth 后接动词原形；company→accompany“陪伴”。Not until 位于句首，主句用部分倒装 did the little boy stop crying。 17. ignorant　考查形容词。be ignorant of“不知道，不了解”，固定短语；ignore→ignorant。because 引导原因状语从句。 18. explosion　考查名词。定冠词 the 后接名词作句子主语；explode→explosion“爆炸”。so...that 引导结果状语从句。 19. admiration　考查名词。介词 with 后接名词；admire→admiration“钦佩”。look at...with admiration”钦佩地看着……”；for 引导原因状语从句。 20. admirable　考查形容词。is 后接形容词作表语；admire→admirable“可钦佩的”。in jumping into... 为介词短语作后置定语。 21. uncomfortable　考查形容词。feel 后接形容词作表语；由语境“硬沙发”可知用否定意义形容词；comfort→uncomfortable“不舒服的”。although 引导让步状语从句。 22. ignorance　考查名词。形容词 complete 后接名词作句子主语；ignore→ignorance“无知”。lead to“导致”；that 引导定语从句。 23. beneficial　考查形容词。be beneficial to“对……有益”，固定短语；benefit→beneficial。Taking exercise regularly 为动名词短语作主语；which 引导非限制性定语从句。 24. behaviour　考查名词。定冠词 the 后接名词作 copy 的宾语；behave→behaviour“行为，举止”。because 引导原因状语从句；tend to do“倾向于做……”。 25. judged　考查动词的被动语态。主语 The young musician 与 judge 之间为被动关系，was 后接过去分词构成一般过去时的被动语态；judge→judged“评判”。but 连接并列句。 26. horrified　考查 -ed 形容词。修饰人的表情用 -ed 形式“（人感到）震惊的”；horror→horrified。that 引导宾语从句，suggest 在此意为“表明”。 句子翻译 1. 从他在会上的发言来判断，经理对近期的销售数据一点也不满意，不久将采取更严格的措施。 2. 平静的湖面映出了远处美丽的群山，构成一幅如画的景色，吸引了无数摄影师。 3. 舒舒服服地坐在炉火旁的软扶手椅上，老人开始给我们讲述他年轻时在部队的冒险经历。 4. 这部电影太恐怖了，许多孩子用手捂住了眼睛，根本不敢看那些吓人的场景。 5. 经过几个月的精心治疗和护士们的悉心陪伴，老人终于完全康复，回到了家中。 6. 令我们非常失望的是，这个雄心勃勃的计划主要由于缺乏资金和有经验的员工而失败了。 7. 当地农民从鼓励他们种植有机蔬菜的新政策中受益匪浅。 8. 裁判的判罚是最终决定，没有一个球员敢和他争辩，尽管他们中有些人显然不同意。 9. 意识到自己的粗话深深伤害了最好的朋友，汤姆写了一封长信，在信中他为自己所说的话真诚地表达了歉意。 10. 正是这位老太太的慷慨让在场的每个人都感动得流下了眼泪；她把几乎所有的积蓄都捐给了乡村学校。 11. 激烈的讨论结束后，双方回到各自的办公室，认真重新考虑这项提案。 12. 随着现代化机器的引进，工厂的效率大大提高，工人们不再需要加班。 13. 自从上个月失去工作以来，他一直在想尽一切办法养活他的大家庭。 14. 这位伟大的科学家对农业研究的杰出贡献为他赢得了全世界的认可。 15. 高峰期的地铁太拥挤了，我几乎找不到地方放脚，更别说坐下了。 16. 直到父亲答应陪他去游乐园，小男孩才停止哭泣。 17. 许多城里孩子完全不知道种地有多辛苦，只是因为他们从未踏足过乡村。 18. 油罐的爆炸威力极大，一英里内的所有窗户都被震得粉碎。 19. 我们都满怀钦佩地看着那位年轻的消防员，因为他冒着生命危险救出了被困的孩子。 20. 这个年轻人跳进冰冷的河里救溺水女孩的勇气实在令人钦佩。 21. 虽然新公寓很宽敞，但硬邦邦的沙发让客人们坐上去没多久就感到很不舒服。 22. 他对安全规则的全然无知直接导致了上周五发生的严重事故。 23. 经常锻炼对身心健康都有益，这一点已被许多科学研究证实。 24. 父母应该给孩子树立好榜样，因为孩子往往会模仿身边成年人的行为。 25. 这位年轻的音乐家起初因老派的外表受到不公正的评价，但他出色的才华很快消除了所有的质疑。 26. 她脸上惊恐的表情清楚地表明，她从未想到这样可怕的事情会发生在她的家人身上。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $