专题4.1 定语从句（高考回眸 + 命题解密 + 误区警示 + 实战通关）-2027届高考英语一轮复习【语法攻坚突破·讲练闭环升级】

专题4.1 定语从句 2027届高考英语一轮复习 【语法攻坚突破•讲练闭环升级】 目录 contents 1. 回眸2021-2026年高考真题 2. 命题解密 3. 书面表达中定语从句误区警示 4. 实战通关 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(定语从句专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 考向1 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 考向2 “介词＋whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 考向3 关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 定语从句的句法功能及相关定义 定语从句的核心考点 1. 回眸高考真题 考向1 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 单句语法填空 1. (2026年全国I卷)    (Drawn) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands        serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：被街头小吃的香味吸引，人们排起长队，站在售卖热腾腾的饺子和热汤面的摊位前。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词stands，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that / which。 that / which 2. (2026年1月浙江首考)The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air --- a scream ___________ always ended in laughter. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：微波炉的警报声很大，但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音，仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句，先行词是a scream，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that / which。 that / which 4. (2024年全国新课标I卷) The Glasshouse stands __ (as) a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the __ (richness) of gardening in England. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：温室作为当代设计的一个伟大成就，将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，将植物从它们在亚洲的本土栖息地带到英国，从而阐明了英国园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 which / that 3. (2026年高考英语北京) So far, this model      (has produced) well-known universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society, which allows everybody      is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：迄今为止，这一模式已催生了众多知名大学，但如今社会的数字化正对其构成挑战，因为互联网连接的每个人都可以获取学习资源。空格后“is connected to the Internet”是修饰先行词everybody的定语从句，先行词everybody指代人，从句中缺少主语，因此填入作主语的关系代词who。 who 5. (2024年1月浙江高考英语)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ___________ will make them the most money. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构，它们会以能赚最多钱的方式定价商品。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在从句中作主语的关系代词。先行词为 way，故应填 that / which。 that / which 6. (2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life...... 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但北京虽然拥有众多古建筑，却也是一个欢迎现代生活快速发展的城市。此空修饰前面表示地点的名词，并同时在从句中做主语，只能用关系代词。故填that / which。 that / which 7. (2022·新高考全国I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处应用限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，并在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 that 8. (2021·新高考全国II卷) I decided that if I learned of a company ___________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。 which /that 考向2 “介词＋whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 单句语法填空 1. (2026年全国II卷)We move on to tai chi positions, of      there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们继续学习太极拳招式，安吉拉所教的流派中共有42个招式。分析句子结构并结合句意和设空处前的逗号可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tai chi positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语。先行词指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 which 2. (2020·全国I卷) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：由于月球本身会阻挡与探测器直接的无线电通信，中国首先必须将一颗卫星送入月球上空的轨道，使其能够向航天器发送信号，并能与地球通信。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是表示地点的spot，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，故填where。 where 3.（2026·江苏泰州·模拟预测）The story of Lei family started in the early days of the Qing Dynasty          Lei Fada and his relatives from Nanjing were ordered     (to rebuild) Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：雷氏家族的故事开始于清初，雷发达和他的亲戚从南京被命令重建紫禁城的太和宫。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the early days of the Qing Dynasty，关系副词when引导从句，在从句中作时间状语。故填when。 when 4.（2026·福建福州·模拟预测）It’s a seriously addictive flavour combination added to dishes like Chongqing hotpot and mapo tofu, and a big reason        Sichuan restaurants often rank as the most popular of many regional styles in China. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是一种经过精心调配的复合调味料组合，常用于诸如重庆火锅和麻婆豆腐等菜品中。这也是四川菜馆能在中国众多地方菜系中脱颖而出、成为最受欢迎的菜系的重要原因。定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，故用关系副词why。 why 5.（25-26高三下·广东茂名·月考）Hong Kong is home to over seven million people, over 88 percent of         speak Cantonese (粤语). 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：香港是700多万人的家园，其中超过88%的人说粤语。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 whom 6.（2026·江苏·一模）There are numerous traditional lifestyle customs in Chinese culture, among            sun-drying clothes occupies a special place. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国文化中有无数传统生活方式，其中晒衣服占据着特殊地位。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为customs，指物，且关系词位于介词among之后，作介词的宾语。故填which。 which 考向3 关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 单句语法填空 1. (2025年全国高考英语I卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese,     originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 which 2. (2025年全国高考英语II卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,           bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and      (central) heating doesn’t exist. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 where 3. (2025年高考英语浙江1月卷) Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 which 4. (2025年高考英语北京卷) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists      (left) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year,         accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 which 5. (2024年全国新课标II卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 who 6. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷)Yellowstone was the __ (largest) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 which 7. (2024年高考英语北京卷)Tinniswood, _____ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 who 8. (2023·新课标全国III卷) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ______ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一些人认为，生活在公元前551年至479年左右的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。空前有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。 who 9. (2023年高考英语北京卷)Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____ ____ thousands were attending a water conference. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 where 10. (2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅途中，因车祸失明八岁的曹圣康穿越了三个省份的40个城市和县。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Cao Shengkang，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填who。 who 2.考点精析 框架结构图 定语从句 关系词 定义 分类 that和which的区别 关系代词 关系副词 指代人 who whom whose that as 指代物 which whose that as when --- 时间 where--- 地点 why --- 原因 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 只用that的情况 只用which的情况 定语从句的句法功能及相关定义 1. 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 2. 位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。 The doctor who / that performed the first successful surgery was awarded a medal. Those who agree with the proposal raise your hands, please. The laws (that / which) the government passed will take effect next month. The new climate model, of which the details were just released, predicts worse outcomes. The museum, whose / of which collection is priceless, attracts visitors from around the world. The climate activists, of whom Greta Thunberg is the most famous, demand urgent action. Extreme weather is becoming more frequent, as researchers have predicted. 3. 先行词：被定语从句修饰词称为先行词。 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-, any-, every-, no-与-body, -thing的合成词或all, none, any, some, that, those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。 4. 关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as等。 关系副词：when, where, why等。 1. Is there anybody (that) you know who works for an environmental NGO? 2. Researchers discovered something (that) no one had ever recorded in the rainforest. 3. None of these glaciers, which once seemed permanent, will survive this century. 4. None who spread misinformation can be regarded as a reliable source. 5. Do you have any documentaries (that) you recommend on ocean conservation? 6. Any of the experts who reviewed the report agreed with its conclusions. 7. Those who generate the most waste should pay the highest recycling fees. 8. The emissions levels are higher than those (that) we saw in the 1990s. 定语从句的核心考点 1．确定关系词的步骤： (1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。 (2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。 (1)关系词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 We walked through a park which / that is famous for its autumn leaves. 我们穿过了一座以秋叶闻名的公园。 (2)关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many trails (that / which) hikers can follow in the mountains. (follow后面不能再加many trails / them) 山里有很多徒步者可以走的路线。 2. 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which： (1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the first climate report that accurately predicted Arctic ice loss. 这是第一份准确预测北极冰层损失的。 She was the last scientist that questioned the global warming data. 她是最后一个质疑全球变暖数据的科学家。 The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef that exists in the world. 大堡礁是世界上现存最大的珊瑚礁。 (2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, few等修饰时。 All the measurements that scientists recorded confirm the warming trend. 科学家记录的所有测量数据都证实了变暖趋势。 (3)先行词为all, much, little, none, few, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。 He is the very volunteer that carried the injured girl out of the water. 他正是把受伤女孩从水里抱出来的那位志愿者。 (4)先行词中既有人又有物时。 The teachers and the courses that challenged me made me stronger than ever. 挑战过我的那些老师和课程让我变得比以往更强大。 The director thanked the crew and the equipment that made the film possible. 导演感谢了让这部电影得以完成的剧组和设备。 (5)先行词在主句中作表语时。 He is the one that / who solved the problem in time of trouble. 他就是在困难时解决问题的那个人。 (6)关系代词在从句中做表语 She is no longer the confident speaker (that) she was in college. 她不再是大学时那个自信的演讲者了。 (7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 In which region that suffered the drought did crop yields recover fastest? 在遭受干旱的地区中，哪一个地区的作物产量恢复最快？ Who is the student that answered the most difficult question？ 回答出最难问题的那个学生是谁？ 3. 用which而不用that的情况： (1)在非限制性定语从句中。 The report was published online, which made it accessible to everyone. 这份报告在网上发布，这使每个人都能看到。 (2)当关系词前有介词时。 He published a groundbreaking theory, for which he received widespread recognition. 他发表了一项突破性理论，为此他获得了广泛认可。 (3)当先行词本身是that时。 Drinking water is that which is safe for human consumption. 饮用水就是适合人类安全饮用的那种水。 (4)关系词后有插入语时。 His proposal, which, I believe, is the most practical, deserves funding. 他的提案——我认为是最可行的——值得资助。 4. 关系词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。 (1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。 There were hundreds of firefighters who helped after the fire broke out. 火灾爆发后，有数百名消防员提供了帮助。 (2)先行词是anyone, those, someone, everyone, one等词时，关系词用who。 Everyone who witnessed the accident was asked to give a statement. 每个目击事故的人都被要求提供陈述。 (3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。 Who are the scientists that discovered the new species? 发现新物种的那些科学家是谁？ 5. whom在从句中只作宾语，有时可被who取代。 The company has employees (who / whom) remote work is essential for. 这家公司有必须远程办公的员工。 6. whose作关系词即指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 The police are searching for the drivers whose cars were involved in the accident. The company opened a factory whose products are exported worldwide. 7. 关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 (1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many (much)中，从句都用as引导。 This company produces such machines as can operate day and night. 这家公司生产能昼夜运转的那种机器。 注意： ①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如： These are such complex systems that experts still do not fully understand them. 这些系统如此复杂，以至于专家仍未完全理解它们。 ②the same...as...和the same...that...都可引导定语从句，前者表示“与……同样的(但不是同一个)”；后者表示“同一个，就是那个”。如： This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这同我昨天丢失的那支钢笔一样。(但不是同一支) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那支钢笔。(同一支) (2)先行词为整个主语或主句的一部分，非限制性定语从句用as或which引导。 区别： ①位置上：as从句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾：which 引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后。 ②意义上：as具有“正如，像”；而which常译为“这一点，这件事”。 For instance, as we all know, dogs recognize each other via smell. 例如，众所周知，狗狗通过嗅觉来识别彼此。 The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. 路面太滑，导致了多起事故。 As is known to all of us, a good learning environment is crucial if we want to study English well. 众所周知，如果我们想学好英语，一个好的学习环境是至关重要的。 ③which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系。 The food was too spicy, which made some guests uncomfortable. 食物太辣了，这让一些客人不舒服。 8. 关系副词when, where, why 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。 when指时间＝in/at/on/during which where指地点＝in/at/on which why指原因＝for which She will never forget the moment when (at which) she heard the news. 她永远不会忘记听到那个消息的那一刻。 He often talks about the town where (in which) he spent his childhood. 他经常谈起他度过童年的那个小镇。 The primary reason why (for which) the experiment failed was the contamination of samples. 实验失败的主要原因在于样本污染。 注意： ①在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+ which”结构不能代替关系副词。如： The Amazon rainforest, where biodiversity reaches its peak, is shrinking at an alarming rate. 亚马逊雨林——生物多样性最丰富的地区——正以惊人速度减少。 ②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。 The shouting that (which) they could not tolerate continued for hours. 他们无法容忍的叫喊持续了几个小时。 ③名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句。 The company launched a product, the design of which (that consumers praised) set a new trend. 该公司推出的产品——其设计（消费者称赞的）引领了新潮流。 The program enrolled 100 participants, all of whom completed the course. 该项目招收了100名参与者，全部完成了课程。 The samples were contaminated, none of which had been properly stored. 这些样本被污染了，没有一份被妥善保存。 According to this theory, the continents and ocean floors are parts of about 30 plates, the largest of which are shown. 根据这一理论，大陆和洋底是大约30个板块的组成部分，其中最大的板块已显示出来。 ④ that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，同时它又在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，此时只能用that或which，而不能用when, where, why。 The library that / which houses rare manuscripts, where scholars often pay a visit, will be renovated. 收藏珍稀手稿、学者常去的那座图书馆将进行翻修。 She found the ring (that / which) her mother left her, which had been in the family for years. 她找到了母亲留给她的那枚戒指，那枚戒指在家里传了很多年。 I cherish the moments (that/which) we shared, which made us laugh. 我珍惜我们共度的那些让我们欢笑的时刻。 ⑤ that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when, where, why和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，其修饰的先行词常为the way, the time, the day, the place等，在口语中that常被省略。 It’s quite easy to make quite small changes to the way (that / in which) you work. 对你的工作方式做出一些很小的改变是相当容易的。 The summer (that / when / in which) we traveled to Japan was extremely hot. 我们去日本旅行的那个夏天极其炎热。 9. 必须注意的问题： (1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的单、复数该如何判定。 The staff who are working overtime are exhausted. 那些正在加班的员工都筋疲力尽了。 She is one of the distinguished women who have changed history. 她是改变过历史的杰出女性之一。 She is the only employee here who works on weekends. 她是这里唯一周末上班的员工。 (2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。 ①定语从句中关系词所作从句成分，在从句中的功能； ②强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词； ③去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子成分完整，句子能够讲得通（成立）则是强调句，讲不通（不成立）则不是强调句。 It is the problem that / which we discussed at the meeting. (定语从句) It was on the beach that we spent the whole afternoon. (强调句) (3)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 ①定语从句的引导词称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。而且这个that还常可以用which来代替。而同位语从句的引导词叫作从属连词，that不充当任何成分，但一般不可省，也不能用which来代替。 The fact (that/which) they complained about was never resolved. 他们抱怨的事实从未解决。 (that/which在从句中作about的宾语 定语从句) The fact that the Earth revolves around the Sun is undeniable. 地球绕太阳转的事实是不可否认的。 (that只起连接作用 同位语从句) The news that appeared online last night has been deleted. 昨晚出现在网上的那条消息已经被删除了。 (that在从句中作shocked的主语 定语从句) I was thrilled at the news that our women volleyball team defeated the Japanese team. 听到我们女排击败日本队的消息，我激动不已。 (that只起连接作用 同位语从句) ②定语从句的先行词可以是人，也可以是具体事物或抽象概念。修饰其前面名词或代词(先行词)，说明其先行词性质特征的；而同位语从句进一步说明其前面名词(大多为抽象名词)的内容。 We expressed to them our wish that was quite different as theirs. 我们向他们表达了我们那个与他们相当不同的愿望。(定语从句) Word came that the company will launch a new product whose design has won an international award. 有消息说，该公司将推出一款新产品，其设计获得过国际大奖。(同位语从句) ③根据引导词来区别。如果引导从句的词为when, where或者why，而其前面的名词又分别表示时间、地点、原因等意义，则它们为关系副词，引导的是定语从句。例如： We all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe. 我们都期待着科学家们能够发现更多宇宙的秘密的那一天。 (定语从句) 而这些连接副词与前面的名词意义不相关时，这些词便是连接副词，引导同位语从句前面的名词往往也是idea, truth, news等。例如： The question how we can solve the problem needs further discussion. 我们如何解决这个问题还需要进一步讨论。(同位语从句) I have no idea whether they will accept our proposal or not. 我不知道他们是否会接受我们的提议。(同位语从句) (4)关系词在定语从句中省略的情况。 ①关系词作宾语，前无介词时； She didn’t say anything (that/which) I didn’t already know. 她说的没有什么是我不知道的。 Who is the boy (who/whom/that) the teacher criticised? 被老师批评的那个男生是谁？ ②关系词作表语。 The town is not the peaceful village (that) it was before the factory came. 这个镇子不再是工厂来之前那个宁静的村庄了。 (5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词一般用which, whom和whose＋名词引导从句。 The project in support of which many people donated money was later canceled. 许多人捐款支持的那个项目，后来被取消了。 The applicant on behalf of whom the agency submitted the form has been approved. 该机构代表其提交表格的那位申请人，已经获批了。 The novel, whose publication was delayed for years, became a bestseller. 那部出版被推迟多年的小说最终成了畅销书。 (6)几个特殊的定语从句句型： ①This is the only one of the proposals that addresses the real problem. 这是这些提案中唯一一个真正解决问题的。 (句中one为先行词) This is one of the proposals that address the real problem. 这是一个深入探讨该问题的提案。 (句中proposals为先行词) ②Is this document the one (that) he believed (that) the company had destroyed? 这份文件是他相信公司已经销毁的那份文件吗？ Is this the document (that / which) he believed (that) the company had destroyed? 这就是他相信公司已经销毁的那份文件吗？ ③He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance. 他把自己藏在一棵树上，从那里他可以看到远处的敌人。 ④I may work to 12 o’clock, in which case I’ll telephone you. 我可能工作到12点，那样的话我会打电话给你。 3.书面表达中定语从句误区警示 (一)定语从句意识缺失 1. 关系代词被普通代词取代 The survey collected 2,000 responses, most of them came from young people. The survey collected 2,000 responses, most of which came from young people. 2. 关系代词遗漏 The first company launched the product dominated the market. The first company that / which launched the product dominated the market. The best student submitted the paper received a special award. The best student who submitted the paper received a special award. 第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。 (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (正) (二)似是而非的定语从句 1. 有从无主式 My friend Mr. Alexander, who is always ready to direct the beginners. My friend, Mr. Alexander, is always ready to direct the beginners. My friend Mr. Alexander, who has 20-year industrial experience, is always ready to direct the beginners. 第一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。 (误) (正) (正) 2. 画蛇添足式 As Darwin famously argued, that species change over time through natural selection. As our experience teaches us, entering a new market which requires local partnerships. Last quarter we launched 5 new products, and some of which have already exceeded sales targets. 第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词的。所以应去掉that。 第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的which是多余的。 第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。 (误) (误) (误) 4. 实 战 通 关 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. The doctor _________ performed the surgery received international recognition. 【解析】who 考查关系代词。句意：执行那场手术的医生获得了国际认可。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，而且引导词在从句中作主语，指代doctor。故填who。 2. The professor _________ the university invited to give the opening lecture is a leading expert in artificial intelligence. 【解析】whom / who 考查关系代词。句意：大学邀请来做开幕讲座的那位教授是人工智能领域的顶尖专家。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，而且引导词作从句中 met 的宾语，正式文体中可替换为 who 或省略。故填whom / who。 3. The technology _________ the company developed over the past decade has completely transformed the way people communicate. 【解析】that / which 考查关系代词。句意：该公司在过去十年中开发的那项技术，彻底改变了人们的沟通方式。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，而且引导词在从句中作宾语，指代technology。故填that / which。 4. I was deeply impressed by the way _________ the young doctor explained the treatment options to the anxious family. 【解析】that 考查关系代词。句意：那位年轻医生向焦虑的家属解释治疗方案的方式给我留下了深刻印象。定语从句中，the way是先行词，引导词常用that, in which或省略。所以这里填 that 最合适。 5. The Mars Rover, _________ landed on the red planet in 2021, has been exploring the surface ever since. 【解析】which 考查关系代词。句意：火星车，于2021年登陆这颗红色星球，此后一直在探索其表面。此空引导非限制性定语从句，逗号隔开的从句是补充信息，删除后不影响主句完整性。此时必须用 which，不能用 that。which指代主句中的The Mars Rover (物)，在从句中作主语。 6. He often thinks back to the day _________ he left his hometown, carrying only a small suitcase and a dream of becoming a writer. 【解析】when 考查关系副词。句意：他常常回想起他离开家乡的那一天，只带着一个小手提箱和一个成为作家的梦想。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，用关系副词 when，从句中结构完整。当先行词是时间名词，且从句缺少时间状语时，用 when。when = on/in/at which，在从句中作时间状语。 7. The city _________ the Olympics will be held in 2032 is making great efforts to improve its public transportation. 【解析】where 考查关系副词。句意：2032年奥运会将举办的那座城市正在大力改善公共交通。根据句子结构来看，此空应用定语从句引导词，修饰表示地点名词the city (城市)。where是关系副词，相当于in which，在定语从句中作 地点状语。故填where。 8. The reason _________ she was chosen for the position is that she has rich experience and strong communication skills. 【解析】why 考查关系副词。句意：她被选中担任这个职位的原因是她有丰富的经验和很强的沟通能力。根据句子结构来看，此空应用定语从句引导词，修饰表示原因的名词the reason。此空应该用修饰表“原因”的引导词why。why = for which，修饰reason。故填why。 9. The scientist with _________ they shared their research data has published a groundbreaking paper. 【解析】whom 考查关系代词。句意：他们与之分享研究数据的那位科学家发表了一篇突破性的论文。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，空处需填关系代词。从句中share是vt.，通常与介词with搭配使用，即share ... with someone (与某人分享)。因此，关系代词需要与介词搭配。故填whom。 10. The theory in support of _________ they presented new evidence was controversial. 【解析】which 考查关系代词。句意：他们提供新证据支持的理论曾存在争议。根据句子结构来看，此空引导定语从句，空处需填关系代词。定语从句中结构完整，复杂介词 in support of 后必须接which，在从句中做状语，不可用that。故填which。 The 2026 Asian Games in Aichi-Nagoya The 20th Asian Games,  1  officially opened on September 19, 2026, are being held in Aichi-Nagoya, Japan. This is the third time  2  Japan has hosted the Asian Games, following Tokyo in 1958 and Hiroshima in 1994. The mascot,  3  name is Honohon, was inspired by Shachihoko, a mythical creature  4  serves as the guardian deity of Nagoya Castle. The mascot also incorporates the image of fire,  5  symbolizes the passion and determination of athletes  6  come from all over Asia to compete. The slogan of the Games,  7  reads “IMAGINE ONE ASIA,” emphasizes the unity and connection among Asian countries. One reason  8  the slogan was chosen is that it reflects the hope for a peaceful and united Asia. The opening ceremony,  9  over 280 Japanese athletes marched last, took place at Mizuho Park Athletic Stadium. More than 10,000 athletes are competing in 43 sports,  10  469 gold medals will be awarded. The Games will run until October 4,  11  the closing ceremony will be held. Ⅱ.语法填空(定语从句专练)原创 1. which 2. that 3. whose 4. that / which 5. which 6. who / that 7. which 8. why 9. where 10. where 11. when 【导语】本文是一篇关于2026年名古屋亚运会的英语文章，介绍了亚运会的举办时间、举办城市、吉祥物、口号、开幕式以及比赛项目等多个方面。 1. which  考查关系代词。句意：第20届亚运会于2026年9月19日正式开幕，目前正在日本爱知县名古屋举行。此空修饰先行词The 20th Asian Games，指物，且在从句中作主语，用which引导非限制性定语从句。 2. that  考查关系代词。句意：这是日本第三次举办亚运会，前两次分别是1958年东京和1994年广岛。此空修饰先行词the third time，先行词被序数词修饰，且在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句。 3. whose 考查关系代词。句意：吉祥物名叫Honohon，其灵感来源于Shachihoko。此空修饰先行词The mascot，表示所属关系，即“吉祥物的名字”，用whose引导非限制性定语从句。 4. that / which 考查关系代词。句意：Shachihoko是一种神话生物，它是名古屋城的守护神。此空修饰先行词a mythical creature，指物，且在从句中作主语，用that或which引导限制性定语从句。 5. which 考查关系代词。句意：吉祥物还融入了火的形象，火象征着来自亚洲各地参赛运动员的激情和决心。此空修饰先行词the image of fire，指物，且在从句中作主语，用which引导非限制性定语从句。 6. who / that 考查关系代词。句意：火象征着来自亚洲各地参赛运动员的激情和决心。此空修饰先行词athletes，指人，且在从句中作主语，用who或that引导限制性定语从句。 7. which 考查关系代词。句意：本届亚运会的口号是“IMAGINE ONE ASIA”，它强调了亚洲国家之间的团结与联系。此空修饰先行词The slogan of the Games，指物，且在从句中作主语，用which引导非限制性定语从句。 8. why 考查关系副词。句意：选择这个口号的原因之一是它反映了对和平与团结的亚洲的期望。此空修饰先行词reason，表示原因，且在从句中作原因状语，用why引导限制性定语从句。 9. where 考查关系副词。句意：开幕式在瑞穗公园田径体育场举行，超过280名日本运动员最后入场。此空修饰先行词The opening ceremony，表示地点，且在从句中作地点状语，用where引导非限制性定语从句。 10. where 考查关系副词。句意：超过1万名运动员参加43个项目的比赛，届时将颁发469枚金牌。此空修饰先行词43 sports，表示地点/领域，且在从句中作地点状语，用where引导非限制性定语从句。 11. when 考查关系副词。句意：本届亚运会将持续到10月4日，届时将举行闭幕式。此空修饰先行词October 4，表示时间，且在从句中作时间状语，用when引导非限制性定语从句。 III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2026年高考英语全国I卷)Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 56 (hold) on traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and 57 (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the folk custom of trading goods, which can be traced back to 58 Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication 59 (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily 60 (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items 61 what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are an occasion for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 62 (Draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands 63 serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before 64 (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly 65 (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 56. to be held  57. frequency   58. the   59. were   60. necessities   61. for   62. Drawn   63. that / which   64. heading   65. cheaper 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统民俗活动“大集”的起源、发展及现状。文章追溯了“大集”从汉代民间物物交换习俗演变而来的历史背景，描述了古代交通不便时期人们通过定期集市交换生活必需品的场景，并展现了当代大集作为商贸场所和社交娱乐空间的复合功能，以及周边居民赶集购物、品尝美食、交流互动的生动画面。 56. to be held 考查非谓语动词。句意：大集也常在中国传统节日如春节、中秋节以及其他地方节日举行。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，本句使用固定句型“It is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”，设空处应用动词不定式形式。them与hold之间为动宾关系，应用不定式的被动形式。故填to be held。 57. frequency 考查词类转换。句意：大集的确切日期和举办频率因地区而异。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处与dates并列作主语，应用名词形式frequency，表示“频率”时为不可数名词。故填frequency。 58. the 考查冠词。句意：大集由民间商品交易习俗演变而来，可追溯至汉代。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处后为Han Dynasty，属于专有名词，表示特定的朝代，其前通常需加定冠词the。故填the。 59. were 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当时交通和通信尚不发达，各家各户很难获得日常所需的物资。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词。结合后文谓语动词was可知，此处应用一般过去时。主语transportation and communication为两个并列名词，表示复数概念，谓语也应用复数形式。故填were。 60. necessities 考查名词复数。句意：当时交通和通信尚不发达，各家各户很难获得日常所需的物资。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处作动词obtain的宾语，应用名词形式。necessity表示“必需品”时为可数名词，且日常生活必需品不止一种，应用复数形式。故填necessities。 61. for  考查介词。句意：作为解决方案，人们在特定日期聚集到指定地点，交换他们多余的物品以换取所需之物。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，本题考查固定搭配trade sth. for sth.，意为“用某物交换某物”。故填for。 62. Drawn  考查非谓语动词。句意：被街头小吃的香味吸引，人们排起长队，站在售卖热腾腾的饺子和热汤面的摊位前。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，句子已有谓语动词line up，且设空处与主句之间无连词连接，应用非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语they和Draw之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Drawn。 63. that / which  考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：被街头小吃的香味吸引，人们排起长队，站在售卖热腾腾的饺子和热汤面的摊位前。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词stands，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 64. heading  考查非谓语动词。句意：在回家之前，他们把购物袋装满了当地农民的新鲜水果和蔬菜，这些比超市里的便宜得多。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处位于介词Before之后，应用动名词作宾语，所以用动名词形式。故填heading。 65. cheaper  考查形容词比较级。句意：在回家之前，他们把购物袋装满了当地农民的新鲜水果和蔬菜，这些比超市里的便宜得多。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处后有than，表示两者之间的比较，应用形容词的比较级形式。cheap的比较级为cheaper，且much可修饰比较级，表示“……得多”。故填cheaper。 $