专题3.1.2 动词的时态和语态（高考回眸 + 命题解密 + 误区警示 + 实战通关）2027届高考英语一轮复习【语法攻坚突破·讲练闭环升级】

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“动词的时态和语态”专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了一般将来时、现在完成时等八大时态及被动语态核心考点，通过2021-2026年高考真题分析明确“时态辨析”占55%、“语态转换”占30%的高频考向，归纳单句语法填空、语法填空综合训练等典型题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题溯源+考点突破+素养提升”策略，如结合2022浙江高考真题解析“现在完成时与一般过去时时间标志词区分法”，通过“主动表被动九种情况”归纳培养学生思维品质，设置“书面表达时态误区警示”提升语言能力。教师可依托分层训练题组精准教学，学生通过实战通关熟练答题技巧，高效冲刺高考。

专题3.1.2 动词的时态和语态 2027届高考英语一轮复习 【语法攻坚突破•讲练闭环升级】 目录 contents 1. 回眸2021-2026年高考真题 考向 1 动词的基本时态 考向 2 动词的主动、被动语态 2. 命题解密 动词的时态和语态的形式 谓语动词的五种基本形式 动词时态的核心考点 3. 书面表达中动词误区警示 4. 实战通关 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(动词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 3.一般将来时考点分析 (1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用 will/shall + 动词原形(shall用于第一人称，will用于各人称)，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week, in the future 等。 The students will have a discussion about reducing screen time during class. She will call you back as soon as she gets home, no matter how late it is! (2)表示趋向行为的动词如 come, go, start, begin, leave 等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。 My boss is leaving for New York tomorrow to sign the contract. (3)一般将来时的其他表达方式 be going to do, be to do, be about to do 的用法及区别 ①be going to do 在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自然现象。 Let’s hurry up! We are going to watch a movie at 7 PM, and I don’t want to miss the beginning. ②be to do 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。 The new policy is to be implemented at the beginning of next year. The volunteers are to go to the disaster zone once the roads are cleared. ③be about to do 表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。 The movie is about to start, so please turn off your phones. 注意：be going to do 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/ will do 表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to do 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而 will do则能，表意愿。 If she studies hard this semester, she will pass the final exam easily. If she studies hard this semester, she is going to pass the final exam easily. [√ ] [×] 4.现在进行时考点分析 (1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划；go, come等表示位置移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always, often 等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或表达某种感情色彩。 Look, the baby is just taking her first steps all by herself. More and more young people are choosing to work remotely these days. The CEO is giving a keynote speech at the annual meeting tomorrow morning. The team is starting their journey to the mountain base early tomorrow. My younger brother is constantly leaving his dirty socks on the floor. (2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。 ①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, (dis)agree, mean, need, doubt, prefer, realize, appreciate, recognize, remember, suppose, understand, astonish, deny, impress, please, satisfy等。 ②表示存在状态的动词：be, appear, concern, consist, contain, depend, deserve, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to等。 ③表示行为结果的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。 ④表示感官的动词：see (看见), hear (听见), feel (感觉出), taste (尝出), smell (闻到), notice (注意), observe (观察), look (看起来)等。 5.过去进行时态考点分析 1) 过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或时间段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 What were you reading when I called you last night? 2) 过去进行时的固定句型 The staff were busily preparing the report when the boss suddenly appeared. The kids were swimming in the pool while their parents were sunbathing nearby. The bell rang while the teacher was explaining the lesson. 请比较 He said that he watched TV series last night. (过去时间 last night，用一般过去时) He said that he was watching TV series at nine last night. (过去时间 last night+点时间 at nine，用过去进行时) 6.现在完成时考点分析 (1)现在完成时除可以和 for, since 引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last (past) few years (months, weeks...), in recent years, so far, up to now 等。 (2)下列句型中常用现在完成时。 It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since 从句 This (That/It) is the first (second...) time that + 主语 + 现在完成时 (3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。 I’ll return your money lent last year as soon as I have received my salary. As soon as I have done my housework, I will go out with my friends. Once you have registered for the course, your name will be added to the list. The bus driver said to the passengers, “Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.” 7.过去完成时考点分析 (1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。 ①在 by, by the end of, by the time, until, before, since 后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。 By the time I arrived at the party, most of the guests had already gone home. She couldn’t submit her report on time because her computer had suddenly broken down. ②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / expected 等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped / planned ... + to have done。 She had just arrived at the hotel when she realized she had lost her passport. ③“时间名词 +before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。 They didn’t watch the new superhero film because they had already read the spoilers online. She finished her master’s degree in 2018, and then started her own business. ④在 hardly / scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner 置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。 The officer had hardly entered the building when he heard a strange noise. = Hardly had the officer entered the building when he heard a strange noise. (2)在 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After we (had) bought all the gifts, we realized we had no money left for ourselves. He bought the expensive watch before he compared the prices online. 8. 过去将来时考点分析 过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。 My aunt would cook all the meals from scratch because there were no ready-made foods in the past. 9. 注意几组时态的区别 (1)一般过去时与现在完成时： ①时间上有差异：凡含有过去时间的，如 ago, last year, just now, the other day 等均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。 ②结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。 (2)过去完成时与一般过去时： 过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式，则只用一般过去时即可，不需要用过去完成时。 动词被动语态的核心考点 动词的被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语中也用 “get / become +过去分词”表示。 被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。 1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 (1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。 My teacher gave me a dictionary as an encouragement for my English study. → A dictionary was given to me (by my teacher) as an encouragement for my English study. → I was given a dictionary (by my teacher) as an encouragement for my English study. (2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加 to(位置不变)。 The strict teacher made the students rewrite the entire essay three times. → The students were made to rewrite the entire essay three times (by the strict teacher). (3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。 The injured athlete was made to be operated on twice in one month. The authorities announced that the accident would be looked into by an independent team. (4)情态动词，be going to, be to, be sure to, have to 等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。 The university should invite experienced entrepreneurs to share their stories next month. → Experienced entrepreneurs should be invited to share their stories next month (by the university). (5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式： ①谓语动词用被动语态，后跟动词不定式。 ②用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。 Some researchers claim that a new vaccine could eliminate the disease within a decade. → A new vaccine is claimed to eliminate the disease within a decade (by some researchers). → It is claimed that a new vaccine could eliminate the disease within a decade (by some researchers). Anyone knows that smoking is harmful to both the smoker and those around them. → Smoking is known to be harmful to both the smoker and those around them. → It is known that smoking is harmful to both the smoker and those around them. 类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped / thought that... 2.不能用被动语态的几种情况 (1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into等。 (2)表示状态的谓语动词及系动词，如：last, hold, contain, fit, cost, appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 等。 (3)表示归属的动词，如：have, own, belong to等。 (4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate 等。 (5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 (6)定语是同源宾语(如：die/death, dream/dream, live/life等)、不定式，动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。 3. 主动表被动的九种情况总结 1.连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。如： The sunset looks absolutely beautiful tonight. 今晚的日落看起来美极了。 The new policy appears to be very popular among the public. 这项新政策在公众中显得非常受欢迎。 2.当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： The drawer won’t close because something is stuck inside. 这个抽屉关不上，因为里面有东西卡住了。 My computer won’t work after the sudden power outage. 突然断电之后，我的电脑就是没法用了。 3.有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如: This new smartphone sells well in Asian markets. 这款新智能手机在亚洲市场卖得很好。 His voice trembled, his eyes filled with tears, when he spoke about his late father. 当他谈起已故的父亲时，声音颤抖，眼中含泪。 Through many years, their marriage worked out better than anyone expected. 经过这么多年，他们的婚姻比任何人预期的都要幸福。 The school bus turned off into the narrow lane behind the supermarket. 校车拐进了超市后面那条狭窄的小巷。 4. 不定式to blame, to let 用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。如： The government is to blame for the rising unemployment rate. 政府该为不断上升的失业率负责。 The office building is to let, but several rooms have already been reserved by some companies. 这栋办公楼招租，但已有几间被几家公司预订了。 5.某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如： The antique table was too heavy to carry downstairs. 那张古董桌子太重了，搬不到楼下。 Light rainfall is infinitely more pleasant to listen to than city traffic noises. 听雨声比听城市交通噪音要愉快得多。 A starry night sky is always interesting to look at, especially in the countryside. 星空总是很有趣，尤其是在乡村。 注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。 6.不定式用于某些动词(如：have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如： Would you have time to review my presentation slides before tomorrow’s meeting? 你会有时间在明天会议之前帮我审阅一下演示文稿吗？ Don’t leave the library books to return until the last day—you might forget them. 别把图书馆的书留到最后一天才去还——你可能会忘记。 The teacher picked up some new software to use at the technology fair. 老师在科技展上弄到了一些新软件使用。 注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较: Do you have something to take to your son? 你有东西要带给你的儿子吗？(指自己带) Do you have something to be taken to your son?你有东西要带给你的儿子吗？(指请人带) 7.在too ... to do sth和…enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式to do为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。如: The whole situation is too complicated to explain in a few words—I’ll tell you later in detail. 整个情况太复杂了，几句话解释不清——我之后再详细告诉你。 My son is now old enough to make his own decisions about his future career. 我儿子现在年龄够大，能对自己的未来职业做出决定了。 8. be worth 后的动名词要用主动表被动。如： The documentary about wildlife is well worth watching for its breathtaking scenes. 这部关于野生动物的纪录片因其令人屏息的画面而非常值得观看。 The latest smartphone isn’t well worth buying — just keep using your current one. 这款最新智能手机不太值得买——还是继续用你现在这部吧。 注：与worth相似的worthy却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of)，要用被动式表示被动含义： His dedication is worthy to be recognized / of being recognized by the entire company. 他的奉献精神值得全公司认可。 9.在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。如： The school’s computer system needs updating due to the increasing number of users. 学校的电脑系统因用户数量不断增加而需要升级。 The worn-out tires want replacing before we drive on the highway. 那几条磨损严重的轮胎需要在我们上高速之前更换。 These young interns require supervising until they become familiar with the whole process. 这些年轻的实习生需要监督，直到他们熟悉整个流程。 注：该结构中的动名词改用不定式，则要用被动式表被动。如： The laboratory equipment needs to be cleaned due to frequent use this semester. 实验室设备因这学期频繁使用而需要被清洗。 These damaged computers require to be repaired before they can be reused in the office. 这些损坏的电脑需要被修理，之后才能重新在办公室使用。 The torn curtain wants to be mended before the guests arrive tonight. 那条撕破的窗帘需要在今晚客人到达之前被修补好。 4.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况： be seated 坐着； be hidden 躲藏； be lost 迷路； be drunk 喝醉； be dressed 穿着 be finished 完成 be stationed 驻扎 be surprised 感到惊讶 be excited 感到兴奋 be married (to) 结婚 be gone 离开/消失 be armed (with) 武装/携带 5.被动语态与系表结构的区别 此处的系表结构指“连系动词 +用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别: 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。 The house was sold by the owner without using a realtor (中介). (被动语态) The concept of sustainable living is well sold to younger generations. (系表结构) 3.书面表达中谓语动词误区警示 1.中式英语比比皆是 I very like reading novels in my spare time, and I also read some magazines every week. I like reading novels in my spare time and I also read some magazines every week. (习惯性动词用一般现在时) I have no idea I am supposed to do what to improve my spoken English. I have no idea what I am supposed to do to improve my spoken English. (误) (正) (误) (正) 2.句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语 Many low-lying houses flooded during the heavy rainfall. Many low-lying houses were flooded during the heavy rainfall. Today, the large quantity of people speak English may be in China. Today, the large quantity of people who speak English may be in China. Today, the large quantity of people speaking English may be in China. There are many volunteers help clean up the park on weekends. There are many volunteers helping clean up the park on weekends. There are many volunteers who help clean up the park on weekends. (误) (正) (误) (正) (正) (误) (正) (正) 3.动词的时态、语态及系动词 be的乱用 They have been working to solve the issue, but it’s not fixed yet. They are working to solve the issue, but it’s not fixed yet. He wrote a poem about his hometown and sends it to his grandmother. He wrote a poem about his hometown and sent it to his grandmother. I was used to believe that hard work alone could guarantee success. I used to believe that hard work alone could guarantee success. Our city took place the 2020 Winter Olympics last October. The annual sports meeting was taken place in our city last October. The annual sports meeting took place in our city last October. (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (误) (正) 4.实战通关 题组一 动词时态实战通关 单句语法填空(原创) 1. As the wind grew stronger, the dead leaves ______ (fall) to the ground like golden rain. 【解析】fell 考查动词时态。句意：随着风越来越大，枯叶像金色的雨一样落在地上。根据从句As the wind grew stronger中的时态，此空应该保持一致。 2. The way people communicate ______ (change) greatly since the invention of smartphones. 【解析】has changed 考查动词时态。句意：自智能手机发明以来，人们沟通的方式发生了巨大变化。根据句中的时间状语since the invention of smartphones来看，这里应该用完成时。另外，句子主语是单数形式。 3. My grandparents ______ (live) in this peaceful village since they retired. 【解析】have been living / have lived 考查动词时态。句意：我的祖父母自退休以来一直住在这个宁静的村庄里。根据句中的时间状语since they retired来看，这里应该用完成时。另外，句子主语是My grandparents，为复数形式。也可用 have lived，但强调持续进行时用 have been living 更生动. 4. The spy freezes — the silent alarm ______ (ring) in the security room, and footsteps are approaching. 【解析】is ringing 考查动词时态。句意：间谍僵住了——安保室的无声警报已触发，脚步声正在逼近。根据句意，这里表示“警报响起”，根据后半部分的are approaching来看，这里用现在进行时以保持前后时态一致。 5. This community center ______ (provide) various fitness classes for senior citizens every morning. 【解析】provides 句意：这个社区中心每天早上为老年人提供各种健身课程。根据句子中的时间状语every morning，应该用一般现在时，说明经常性的动作。 6. When the earthquake struck, the villagers ______ (learn) from previous disasters to evacuate immediately—a decision that saved countless lives. 【解析】had learned 句意：地震发生时，村民们从过去的灾难中吸取教训，立即撤离。根据句意来看，“吸取教训”这个动作发生在从句动作struck之前，属于“过去的过去”，应该用过去完成时had learned。 7. The student ______ (attend) the after-school tutoring class every Saturday since the beginning of this term. 【解析】has attended 句意：自从这学期开始以来，那位学生每周六参加课后辅导班。根据句中的时间状语来看since the beginning of this term，这里应该用完成时。另外句子主语是一个单数名词，故填has attended。 8. If this policy passes, it ______ take years for the economy to recover from the initial shock. 【解析】will take 句意：如果这项政策通过，经济将需要数年时间从最初的冲击中恢复。根据句意来看，这里符合“主将从现”的用法，即从句用现在时表将来，主句中应该用一般将来时。 9. The old man ______ (walk) his dog along the river when he noticed something strange in the water. 【解析】was walking 句意：那位老人正在河边遛狗，这时他注意到水里有些奇怪的东西。根据句子意思和从句中的过去时态来判断，这里应该用过去进行时，表示“当时正在...”。 10.The rescue workers ______ (fly) to the flooded area tomorrow morning, bringing enough food and water to help the homeless families. 【解析】are flying 句意：救援人员将于明天早上飞往洪灾地区，带去足够的食物和水来帮助无家可归的家庭。根据句中时间状语来看，这里应该表将来，而是一个表示位置转移的动词，一般用进行时态表示将来的动作。另外句子主语是复数形式。故填are flying。 题组二 动词被动语态实战通关 单句语法填空(原创) 1. The classic novel _______ (adapt) into a popular TV series, which makes the story accessible to a wider audience. 【解析】has been adapted 句意：这部经典小说已被改编成热门电视剧，这使得故事能被更广泛的观众所接受。根据句意及句中时间状语来看，这里应该用完成时。另外句子主语是表物的名词，应该用被动，表示“被改编成...”。 2. The widespread extinction of rare species is largely ______ (blame) for the ecological imbalance we are facing today. 【解析】to blame 句意：稀有物种的大规模灭绝，在很大程度上应为我们今天面临的生态失衡负责。blame这个词很特殊，在用不定式做表语时，经常用主动式表达被动意义。故填to blame。 3. If wildlife reserves _____ (not keep) free from human interference, many endangered species will face extinction within decades. 【解析】are not kept 句意：如果野生动物保护区不能保持不受人类干扰，许多濒危物种将在几十年内面临灭绝。根据句意来看，这里符合“主将从现”的用法，即从句用现在时表将来，主句中用一般将来时。此空前的主语是表物的复数名词，应该考虑用被动。故填are not kept。 4. Nowadays, facial recognition technology _____ (develop) for use in public security, but its privacy issues remain controversial. 【解析】is being developed 句意：当今，面部识别技术正被开发用于公共安全领域，但其隐私问题仍存在争议。根据句意来看，这里表示“(先进AI模型)正在开发”，另外句子主语是表物的名词，应用被动形式。故填is being developed。 5. The ancient temple _____ (restore) to its original glory, attracting thousands of tourists every month. 【解析】has been restored 句意：这座古寺已被修复如初，每月吸引成千上万的游客。强调“修复好了”，这个结果导致了现在的游客量。根据句意来看，这里用现在时表示“完成”的状态。用现在完成时则强调“完成”的动作。 6. The classroom blackboard _____ (cover) with colorful drawings when we entered for the art festival. 【解析】was covered 句意：当我们为艺术节进入教室时，黑板已经被彩色画作覆盖了。根据句意及句子中的时间状语来看，此空应用一般过去时，表示当时的情形。另外句子主语是表物的名词，应用被动形式。故填was covered。 7. The new airport _____ (equip) with advanced navigation systems by the time it was officially inaugurated. 【解析】had been equipped 句意：新机场在正式启用时，已经配备了先进的导航系统。根据句意及句子中的时间状语by the time...来看，这里用过去完成时表示“(设计已经)完成”。此动作和inaugurate有先后关系，表示过去的过去。 8. All application forms must _____ (submit) before the deadline, or they will not be considered. 【解析】be submitted 句意：所有申请表必须在截止日期前提交，否则将不予受理。此空用在情态动词之后，应该用动词原形。另外句子主语是表物的名词，应该用被动。故填be submitted。 9. The crops _____ (spray) with pesticide when the farmers noticed the approaching storm. 【解析】were being sprayed 句意：庄稼正被喷洒着农药，这时农民们注意到了正在逼近的暴风雨。根据句意及句子中的时间状语从句来看，这里用过去进行时，表示“农民们注意到”。另外句子主语是crops，表物，应该用被动。故填were being sprayed。 10. The Amazon rainforest _____ (know) as the “lungs of the earth” because it produces a large amount of oxygen. 【解析】is known 句意：亚马逊雨林被称为“地球之肺”，因为它产生大量的氧气。本句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。另外句子主语是表物的名词，应用被动。故填is known。 题组三 综合集训 I.语法填空:基础训练(动词专练)原创 1. has lasted 2. have been submerged 3. was rising 4. were awakened 5. had continued 6. are being organized 7. are treating 8. will not stop 9. be strengthened 10. is believed The Devastation of the Plum Rain Floods The plum rain season, which  1 (last) for over three weeks, has brought continuous downpours to southern China. Rivers have been swollen beyond warning levels, and many low-lying areas  2 submerged. Thousands of residents have been evacuated to safer grounds by local authorities. Last Tuesday, the floodwater  3 (rise) rapidly when rescue teams arrived. Houses were being destroyed by raging currents, and cars were being swept away. During that night, villagers  4 (awaken) by sirens and were guided to shelters. The heavy rain  5 continued for days before the disaster struck, but few had expected such an outburst. At present, more rescue efforts  6 (organize). Temporary homes are being set up, and food and medicine are being delivered. Soldiers are reinforcing riverbanks while medical teams  7 (treat) the injured. According to the forecast, the rain  8 (not stop) until this weekend. Flood prevention measures must 9 (strengthen), and more resources should be allocated. The government has promised that damaged facilities will be rebuilt soon. Warnings have been issued repeatedly over the past few days. It  10 (believe) that with joint efforts, the crisis will eventually be overcome. 【导语】本文是一篇关于中国南方梅雨季节引发洪灾的新闻报道类短文。文章先介绍梅雨季已持续三周、河流泛滥、居民被疏散的现状；接着回忆上周二洪水暴发时的紧急场景；然后描述目前正在进行的救援工作（搭建帐篷、运送物资、加固堤岸）；最后对未来天气和灾后重建进行展望，强调只要共同努力，危机终将克服。 1. has lasted 考查现在完成时主动语态。句意：梅雨季节已经持续了三个多星期，给中国南方带来了持续的倾盆大雨。句中 for over three weeks 是典型的“时间段”标志，表示动作从三周前开始一直持续到现在，且可能继续下去，故用现在完成时。which 指代 the plum rain season（单数），助动词用 has。故填has lasted。 2. have been submerged 考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：河流已经暴涨超过警戒水位，许多低洼地区已经被淹没。areas 是复数，与 submerge 构成被动关系（地区被淹没）；同时前句 have been swollen 使用现在完成时，此处并列结构保持一致，且强调洪水对地区造成的“目前的影响”，故填 have been submerged。 3. was rising 考查过去进行时主动语态。句意：上周二，当救援队到达时，洪水正在迅速上涨。句中出现 when rescue teams arrived（过去时间点），表示在那个时间点洪水“正在上涨”，强调动作正在进行且尚未结束，故用过去进行时 was rising。主语为单数不可数名词，用 was。故填was rising。 4. were awakened 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：那天晚上，村民们被警报声惊醒，并被引导到避难所。villagers 与 awaken 构成被动关系（村民被惊醒）；时间状语 During that night 指过去的某个具体夜晚，动作已经完成，故用一般过去时被动 were awakened（复数主语）。故填were awakened。 5. had continued 考查过去完成时主动语态。句意： 在灾难袭来之前，大雨已经持续了好几天，但很少有人预料到如此灾难性的爆发。before the disaster struck 表示“在灾难发生之前”这一过去时间参照点，大雨“已经持续”了数天，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故填had continued。 6. are being organized 考查现在进行时被动语态。句意：目前，更多的救援工作正在被组织起来。At present（目前）是现在进行时的标志。efforts 与 organize 构成被动关系（工作被组织），且强调“现阶段正在进行的动作”。故填are being organized。 7. are treating 考查现在进行时主动语态。句意：士兵们正在加固河堤，而医疗队正在治疗伤员。while 连接并列结构，前句 are reinforcing 用现在进行时，此处保持一致。medical teams 是复数，与 treat 构成主动关系（医疗队治疗伤员），强调“目前正在进行的动作”。故填are treating。 8. will not stop 考查一般将来时主动语态。句意：根据预报，降雨要到本周末才会停止。until this weekend（直到本周末）指向未来时间。not...until... 结构表示“直到……才……”，谓语动词用将来时，故填 will not stop。 9. be strengthened 考查情态动词 + 被动语态。句意：防洪措施必须得到加强，更多资源应该被分配。must 后接动词原形，measures 与 strengthen 构成被动关系（措施被加强），故填 must be strengthened。 10. is believed 考查一般现在时被动语态（固定句型）。句意：人们相信，通过共同努力，这场危机最终将被克服。It is believed that... 是固定句型，表示“人们相信/普遍认为……”，类似结构还有 It is said / reported / thought that...。believe 用一般现在时被动 is believed，描述客观事实。故填is believed。 题组三 综合集训 II.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2022浙江1月) Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _________________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others _____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and _________ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, ________ (rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ______________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak __________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of _____ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the _________ (invite). That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ___________ (continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding.”, she says, “a really positive change.” that/who is viewed / has been viewed are changing roughly have promised whether/if the invitation to continue 【导语】本文探讨了学术界为应对气候变化而减少航空旅行的新趋势。随着全球气候危机加剧，越来越多像Cobb这样的学者开始重新评估频繁乘飞机参加学术会议的惯例。文章详细描述了这些科学家如何通过三种方式推动变革：质疑传统学术交流模式；要求会议提供远程参与选项；个人承诺减少飞行。通过具体数据（如Cobb去年减少75%飞行）和个人案例，文章展现了学术界应对气候变化的实际行动及其成效，同时也反映了传统学术交流模式正在经历的转型。 1. that/who 考查关系代词，引导定语从句。句意：Kim Cobb属于那些因气候变化而减少航空旅行的少数但不断增加的学者群体。先行词academics指人，可用who或that引导。从句使用现在进行时are cutting back表示持续进行的动作；注意主谓一致：academics为复数，故用are。 2. is viewed / has been viewed 考查被动语态。句意：科学家们通常认为乘飞机参加各种学术活动对交流很重要。一般现在时被动is viewed，表示普遍认知状态。现在完成时被动has been viewed：强调该观念从过去持续至今。学术写作中更倾向使用现在完成时以示严谨。 3. are 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：但Cobb和其他学者现在正在质疑这一观念。主语Cobb and others为复数，使用现在进行时表示当前正在发生的态度转变，与前半句的一般现在时形成对比，突出变化。 4. changing 考查现在分词表伴随。句意：推动会议提供更多远程参与机会，并改变个人行为。与pushing并列，同为现在分词作伴随状语。逻辑主语与主句主语一致（Cobb and others），体现两个同时进行的动作。可扩展为完整从句：and they are changing... 5. roughly 考查副词，修饰数量。句意：例如在一个叫"No Fly Climate Sci"的网站上，大约200名学者...。修饰数字必须用副词形式。 6. have promised 考查现在完成时。句意：其中许多气候科学家自两年前该行动开始时就承诺尽可能少乘飞机。强调从过去（两年前）持续到现在的状态，since引导的时间状语决定时态选择。 7. whether/if 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：Cobb开始询问邀请她的会议组织者是否能够远程参与。whether更正式，强调选择关系，if更口语化。在介词后或与or not连用时必须用whether。此处两者皆可，但学术语境倾向whether。 8. the 考查定冠词，表特指。句意：在大约四分之三的情况下。特指“她提出请求的那些时间”。不用冠词时表示泛指（如three quarters of time指时间的四分之三。 9. invitation 考查名词作宾语。句意：当得到否定答复时，她就婉拒邀请。动词invite的名词形式：注意拼写，双写t+ation。 10. to continue 考查不定式作宾语。句意：她计划继续这种做法。plan to do为固定搭配， 比较：consider doing, avoid doing等接动名词。体现未来意图，可扩展为从句：she plans that she will continue...。 Ⅱ.增分写作训练 有些老师说:“在写作中，主动不如被动好”，即被动句比主动句表达更准确更生动。在读后续写中，对话较多，用主动更合适，当然具体情况具体对待，不可能千篇一律。请利用被动语态升级以下句式。 1. We will exhibit all the art works on the third floor of the Gallery Center. All the art works will be exhibited on the third floor of the Gallery Center. 2. We expect you to arrive at the concert on time before 8:30 o’clock. You are expected to arrive at the concert on time before 8:30 o’clock. 3.We have selected the teaching plans from 20 pieces handed in by the teachers in the whole school. The teaching plans have been selected from 20 pieces handed in by the teachers in the whole school. Thank you $