专题3.2.1 非谓语动词之-ing分词（高考回眸 + 命题解密 + 误区警示 + 实战通关）2027届高考英语一轮复习【语法攻坚突破·讲练闭环升级】

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“非谓语动词之-ing分词”专题，覆盖作宾语或补足语、主语或表语、定语、状语及固定搭配五大考向，依据高考评价体系分析2021-2026年真题考点权重，归纳单句语法填空等常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题精讲+考点精析+实战突破”策略，如结合2026年全国I卷“heading”题解析-ing作宾语规则，通过“书面表达误区警示”培养学生思维品质，“实战通关”模块提升语言运用能力，助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此实现精准复习指导。

专题3.2.1 非谓语动词之-ing分词 2027届高考英语一轮复习 【语法攻坚突破•讲练闭环升级】 目录 contents 1. 回眸2021-2026年高考真题 2. 命题解密 3. 书面表达中-ing分词误区警示 4. 实战通关 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(-ing分词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 考向1　-ing分词作宾语或补足语 考向2　作主语或表语 考向3　作定语 考向4　作状语 考向5　固定搭配 非谓语动词 -ing分词形式及句法功能 非谓语动词 -ing分词的核心考点 考向1　-ing分词作宾语或补足语 单句语法填空 1. (2026·全国高考英语I卷) Before      (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly      (cheaper) than those found in supermarkets. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在回家之前，他们把购物袋装满了当地农民的新鲜水果和蔬菜，这些比超市里的便宜得多。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处位于介词Before之后，应用动名词作宾语，所以用动名词形式。故填heading。 heading 2. (2026·全国高考英语II卷) At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still      (be) early at 8:00 a.m. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：课程结束时，尽管早上8点时间还早，我却感到十分清醒。分析句子结构可知，despite为介词，其后需接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，应用动名词形式。这里的结构是：despite + it (逻辑主语) + being early，相当于 “尽管时间还早”。故填being。 being 1.回眸高考真题 3. (2026年1月高考英语浙江卷) I remember  (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over  (the) uneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得坐在超市的手推车里，被人推着，在凹凸不平的停车场地面上就像坐过山车一样。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，且I与push“推”之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被动形式，作宾语。故填being pushed。 being pushed 4. (2025年高考英语浙江1月卷) “I really want to make this work for ___ (people’s) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean __________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意，表示“意味着……”，用固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填returning。 returning 5. (2023·全国高考英语I卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _________ (want) more next time. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：不论我在哪里买，一个蒸笼总是不够，但两个似乎又太贪心，所以每次我都想吃更多，但总是不够。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词。故填wanting。 wanting 6. (2023·全国高考英语II卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们与大量国际游客以及来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查这些大熊猫，这些大熊猫是租借自中国的。分析句子可知，此处用来修饰后面的名词Chinese zookeepers，visit和Chinese zookeepers是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此应用-ing主动形式。故填visiting。 visiting 7. (2021·全国高考英语甲卷) After _________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间观察城墙上的所有防御装备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在一段历史之上更好的呢！前面的“After”是介词，介词后面用动词-ing形式做宾语。故填spending。 spending 8. (2021·全国乙卷) • Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽量减少参观这个地方的影响。所给的词是动词且位于介词of后，故用动词-ing形式做宾语。故填visiting。 visiting 考向2　作主语或表语 单句语法填空 1.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）     (What) deserves more concern is that          (avoid) carbohydrates for a long time may damage physical and mental health. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：更值得留意的是，长期规避碳水化合物可能会损害身心健康。句子谓语是may damage，空处需要动名词作主语，用avoiding。 2.（2026·湖北黄冈·三模）Her ________ (dye) wool with plant leaves was a delicate art that absorbed almost every waking moment of her life. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她用植物叶片染羊毛是一门精巧的技艺，这几乎占据了她醒着的所有时间。此处在句中作主语，描述经常性动作，使用动名词形式dyeing。 avoiding dyeing 3.（2026高三下·湖北襄阳·专题练习）         (read) this book feels like a journey through hearts and landscapes. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：阅读这本书，就像一场穿越心灵与山水的旅程。空处为非谓语动词作主语，应用动名词形式，且其后有自己的宾语this book，应用主动形式。此空在句首，首字母应大写。故填Reading。 Reading 4.（25-26高三下·广东汕头·开学考试）Reinterpreting tradition through modern art, integrating classical ideas into current society, and        (turn) cultural wisdom into practical solutions are key to keeping these traditions alive and relevant. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过现代艺术重新诠释传统，将古典理念融入当代社会，将文化智慧转化为实际解决方案，这些是让这些传统得以延续并保持其相关性的关键所在。此处作句子的主语，用动名词形式。故填turning。 turning 5.（2026·湖北荆州·模拟预测）The essence of “Becoming Chinese” is __________ (adopt) lifestyle habits rooted in traditional Chinese wisdom and reflecting a deeper, more participatory engagement with Chinese culture, unlike past crazes for foreign symbols. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“成为中国人”这一现象的本质，是采取根植于中国传统智慧的生活方式，并反映出与中国文化更深层、更具参与性的互动，这与过去追逐外国符号的风潮不同。系动词 is 后面接表语，说明主语“是什么”或“内容是什么”。与后面的 reflecting 保持并列，空格处应填与其并列的动名词形式 adopting，共同作表语。故填adopting。 adopting 6.（2026·山东济南·模拟预测）One highlight of the event was launching an innovative design competition by the Quanzhou government, and its aim was ____________ (promote) the city’s rich cultural heritage and local arts. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该活动的亮点之一是启动由泉州市政府主办的创新设计竞赛，其目标是推广该市丰富的文化遗产和地方艺术。此空在系动词 was 后面接表语，用来说明主语 its aim（它的目标）是什么内容。与前半句保持平行结构was launching ......。另外，此处谈的是“目标”的一般内容，且与前半句的动名词 launching并列，用动名词更合适。故填promoting。 promoting 1. (2023年高考英语北京卷)She called for action      (to address) the struggles of people around the world      (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 facing 考向3　作定语 单句语法填空 2. (2022·新高考全国II卷) When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _______ (fall) child.  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到一个小孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，亨利跑了100米，跳过1.2米高的栅栏，张开双臂接住了掉落的孩子。句中已经出现了谓语动词，所以此处用非谓语形式；中心词child与fall之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式做定语。故用falling。 falling 3. (2021·全国I卷) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然它是你上山途中唯一的非自然之物，但它依然为整个冒险增添了亮点，并提供了一个可以坐下来休息你酸痛双腿的地方。此处需要用过去分词作定语，修饰legs，表示“疼痛的腿”，ache和legs是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填aching。 aching 4.（25-26高三下·湖北孝感·月考）Spending school holidays watching Chinese martial arts films          (feature) legends like Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan, he found an accidental encounter with the exotic culture that ignited a life-changing interest. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在学校假期时，他观看了李小龙、成龙等传奇人物主演的中国武术电影，这次与异域文化的偶然邂逅，点燃了一股改变人生的浓厚兴趣。空处修饰名词films，且films与动词feature “由……主演”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词featuring作后置定语。故填featuring。 featuring 5.（湖北华师一附中2025-2026高三下）During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, having been exposed to Western art, Chinese painters started to evolve new styles           (combine) traditional techniques with Western impressionism and perspective. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在19世纪和20世纪，受西方艺术影响，中国画家开始发展新风格，将传统技法与西方印象派和透视法相结合。空处为非谓语动词形式担当后置定语；被修饰词“new styles”和动词“combine”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填combining。 combining 6.（25-26高三上·广东广州·期末）The unmanned patrol vehicles, with 360-degree cameras and precision sensors, connect to the city’s video system to create an integrated           (monitor) network. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无人巡逻车配备360度摄像头和精密传感器，与城市视频系统相连，形成一个一体化监控网络。动名词作定语修饰名词。monitoring network（监控网络）中，动名词表示功能用途。故填monitoring。 monitoring 考向4　作状语 单句语法填空 1.(2025年高考英语北京卷)When ___________ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填travel(l)ing。 2. (2024年高考英语北京卷)Just then, some kids ran at him, _________ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 travel(l)ing knocking 3. (2024新课标全国II卷) _________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ___ (and) see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 Recalling 4. (2023·高考英语全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, ___________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的寓言这样开头：“从前，在美国中部有一个小镇，那里的一切生灵似乎都与周遭环境和谐共存，享受着安宁的生活。”——这句开篇借用了许多古老寓言中耳熟能详的措辞。句中已有谓语动词begins，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 borrowing 5. (2023·高考英语全国乙卷) ______________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句中时间状语来判断，应用完成时形式。另外，这里是非谓语做状语，表示主语的另一个动作，但这个动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用-ing完成式。故填having visited。 Having visited 6. (2022·高考英语全国I卷) _________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 Covering 7. (2021·高考英语全国II卷) I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _________ (think) it is food.  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构可知，所填的词用做状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。故填thinking。 thinking 1. (2026年1月高考英语浙江卷) She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes  (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, ___ (excitement) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，就像它是一艘太空火箭的倒计时，兴奋和紧张一直持续到最后一刻：哔！本句已有谓语动词would dance，此处为独立主格结构，our eyes与watch之间为主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填watching。 考向5　固定搭配 单句语法填空 watching 2. (2023·高考英语全国乙卷) As a photographer, I have spent the last two years __________ (record) everything I discovered. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个摄影师，我花了两年的时间记录我发现的一切。这里考查固定搭配spend ... (in) doing...。故填recording。 recording 3.（2026·湖南长沙·二模）It is worth ________ (note) that this exhibition not only presents delicate crafts but also functions      (as) a bridge connecting Eastern and Western cultures. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：值得注意的是，这次展览不仅展示了精美的手工艺品，还起到了连接东西方文化的桥梁作用。此空考查be worth doing…，为固定搭配，意为“值得做”。故填noting。 4.（2026·江苏南通·模拟预测）In the North China Plain, where wheat is a major crop, farmers have been busy ___________ (prepare) the soil, carefully tested and certified by local agricultural stations, ___ (for) a good harvest. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在华北平原，小麦是主要的农作物，农民们一直忙于整理土壤——这些土壤经过当地农业站的仔细检测和认证——为丰收做准备。考查固定搭配：be busy (in) doing something “忙于做某事”。故填preparing。 noting preparing 5.（25-26高三下·广东茂名·月考）For example, when you are “blowing water”, you are not blowing air bubbles into the liquid for fun; it merely means           (have) a small talk. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，当你在“吹水”时，你并不是在往液体里吹气泡玩；它仅仅意味着闲聊几句。mean + doing是固定搭配，表示“意味着做某事”。mean后面也可以接to do，但意为“打算做（表示意图）”。这里是在解释某个词语的含义，不是表达说话人的意图。故填 having。 having 6.（25-26高三下·广东茂名·月考）The former fishing village has seen the rapid development of commerce and trade, with Cantonese and English          (take) root as the two official languages. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座昔日的渔村见证了商贸的飞速发展，粤语和英语也扎根成为两大官方语言。此处是with复合结构，Cantonese and English和take之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词，作宾语补足语。故填taking。 taking 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 动名词 一般式 完成式 分词 现在 一般式 完成式 过去 一般式 2. 考点精析 to do to be done to be doing × to have done to have been done doing being done having done having been done doing being done having done having been done done(vi.)表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ × × × × × × 非谓语动词：-ing分词的核心考点 1. 非谓语动词作主语 1)-ing分词做主语时，应该判断为动名词。动名词是由动词变化而来，所以动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。例如： Keeping a positive attitude plays a vital role in overcoming difficulties. 保持积极心态在克服困难中起着至关重要的作用。 Spending too much time on smartphones does great harm to our study efficiency. 在智能手机上花太多时间对我们的学习效率有很大危害。 2)动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用“It is…”和 “There is…”两种句式来表示。例如: It is no use / good worrying about the past; what really matters is what we can do now. (动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语) 为过去担忧没用；真正重要的是我们现在能做什么。 There is no denying that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems we face. (该句是倒装句，动名词短语是主语) 不可否认，环境污染已经成为我们面临的最严重的问题之一。 3)动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如: Reading extensively every day helps broaden our horizons. (抽象) However, to pass the coming exam requires extra effort and careful planning. (具体) 4)在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列情况中不能互换：当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如 ： Loving is being happy. = To love is to be happy. 爱即是幸福。 Sharing is caring. = To share is to care. 分享即是关心。 Reading is enriching the mind. = To read is to enrich the mind. 阅读即丰富心灵。 5)动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替: It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 2. 非谓语动词--动名词做宾语 (1)动词admit, appreciate, avoid, consider (考虑), delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest等后要接动名词作宾语。 Faced with this problem, I strongly suggest turning to your teachers for professional advice. Imagine standing on the stage and receiving the applause of thousands of people — that’s what keeps me going. It’s high time that we admitted destroying our natural resources too recklessly. As a freshman, I really appreciate being offered such a valuable internship opportunity. Even the most advanced countries cannot escape being affected by climate change. (2)动词短语can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote...to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), have fun等后要接动名词作宾语。 Many students have difficulty (in) concentrating on their studies due to smartphone addiction. The news that we are looking forward to going on a spring outing excites everyone. Although I didn’t feel like talking to anyone, I forced myself to attend the party. Never give up chasing your dreams, for every effort you make today will pay off tomorrow. After transferring to a new school, she had a hard time fitting in with her classmates. We went camping last weekend, and we had great fun singing around the campfire. 注意：动词后面只能接动名词做宾语的顺口溜：建议完成多练习(suggest, advise, finish, practice)，避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, delay)，承认喜欢和原谅(admit, enjoy, like, love, forgive, excuse, pardon)，允许想象需欣赏(allow, imagine, appreciate)，反对逃脱与冒险( mind, escape, risk)，考虑抵制要继续( consider, resist, keep)，厌倦拖延别放弃(be tired of, put off, give up)，期望坚持定成功(look forward to, insist on, stick to, succeed in)。 Having finished polishing his application essay, he submitted it to the admission office with great confidence. 在润色完申请文书后，他满怀信心地提交给了招生办公室。 Would you mind giving me some advice on how to improve my English? 你介意就如何提高英语给我一些建议吗？ Only after I started doing volunteer work did I truly enjoy helping those in need. 只有在开始做志愿者工作之后，我才真正享受帮助有需要的人。 If you stick to practicing spoken English every day, your oral English will be greatly improved. 如果你坚持每天练习英语口语，你的口语会大大提升。 (3)with＋宾语＋ -ing分词(宾补) 表示某个动作正在进行或某个状态正在持续。如: With the sun setting in the west, we ended our journey and headed home. 随着太阳西沉，我们结束了旅程，踏上了归途。 The old house, with its roof leaking and walls cracking, looked as if it would collapse at any moment. 那座老房子屋顶漏水、墙壁开裂，看起来随时会倒塌。 The morning was peaceful, with birds singing and flowers blooming in the garden. 早晨很宁静，鸟儿在歌唱，花儿在花园里盛开。 正如进行时态有时可以表示将来意义一样，有时“现在分词”也可表示将来意义。如: With the final exam approaching, all the students are busy reviewing. 随着期末考试临近，所有学生都在忙于复习。 With the new semester starting next week, I have already made a detailed study plan. 新学期下周就要开始，我已经制定了详细的学习计划。 She sat by the window, with her mother coming home from work soon, and a warm smile spread across her face. 她坐在窗边，妈妈就快下班回家了，温暖的微笑在她脸上荡漾开来。 (4)介词后要接动名词作宾语，如：what about, how about, be fond of, be good at等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth. = as soon as引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。 On his arrival of / On arriving at the airport, the president was greeted by cheering crowds. 总统一抵达机场就受到人群欢呼迎接。 注意： ①表示一种倾向或习惯，多接动名词作宾语；表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式作宾语。 In our spare time, we enjoy hiking in the mountains. 在业余时间，我们喜欢去山里徒步。 ②want, require, need表“需要”讲，主语为表物的名词时，后用不定式，要用其被动形式；用动名词，用其主动形式(表被动意义)。 Your composition requires improving in several aspects. Your composition requires to be improved in several aspects. 3. 非谓语动词--现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语可表示 时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随、让步 等逻辑关系，通常位于句首或句尾，用逗号隔开。①一般式doing：表示动作和谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。②完成式having done：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子主语是主动关系。③被动式having been done：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。 (1) 表示时间（相当于时间状语从句） Arriving at the station, he found the train had already left. (=When he arrived at the station, ...) 一到车站，他就发现火车已经开走了。 Remembering his grandmother’s advice, he decided to be more patient. (=When he remembered his grandmother’s advice...) 想起祖母的建议后，他决定更耐心一些。 (2) 表示原因（相当于原因状语从句） Being the only child in the family, she is used to being alone. (= Because she is the only child in the family, ...) 作为家里唯一的孩子，她习惯了一个人。 Not understanding the local dialect, I had difficulty communicating with the villagers. (= Because I didn’t understand the local dialect...) 因为不懂当地方言，我和村民们交流有困难。 (3) 表示条件（相当于条件状语从句） Using the right learning methods, you can improve your English efficiency dramatically. (If you use the right learning method, ......) 如果使用正确的学习方法，你可以大幅提高英语学习效率。 Taking public transport more often, we can reduce air pollution significantly. (If we take public transport more often......) 如果更频繁地乘坐公共交通，我们可以大幅减少空气污染。 (4) 表示伴随（无对应从句，需用并列结构） The old man strolled in the park, feeding the pigeons from time to time. 老人在公园里散步，不时喂着鸽子。 The athletes ran along the track, waving to the cheering crowd. 运动员们沿着跑道奔跑，向欢呼的人群挥手。 (5) 表示结果（自然产生的结果） The government has taken effective measures to protect the environment, reducing air pollution significantly. 政府采取了有效措施保护环境，大幅减少了空气污染。 She read extensively during her high school years, laying a solid foundation for her future studies. 她在高中期间广泛阅读，为未来的学习打下了坚实的基础。 (6) 表示让步（相当于让步状语从句） Knowing the danger, he still rushed into the burning house to save the child. (= Although he knew the danger...) 虽然知道危险，他还是冲进燃烧的房子去救孩子。 Having very little experience, he performed remarkably well in the interview. (= Though he had very little experience...) （虽然经验很少，他在面试中表现得非常出色。 特殊结构 1. 完成式（having done） 强调分词动作发生在主句之前： Having experienced many failures, he knew exactly how to handle the situation. 因为经历过多次失败，他确切地知道如何处理这种情况。 Not having prepared adequately for the interview, he felt extremely nervous. 因为没有充分准备面试，他感到非常紧张。 2. 被动式（being done/having been done） Being left alone in the dark room, the little girl felt extremely scared. 被独自留在黑暗的房间里时，小女孩感到非常害怕。 Having been abandoned by his parents, he learned to be independent at a very young age. 在被父母抛弃之后，他在很小的时候就学会了独立。 3. 否定形式（not + V-ing） Not taking immediate action, we may miss the best opportunity. 如果不立即采取行动，我们可能会错过最佳机会。 Not having received any reply from him, she decided to call again. 因为没有收到他的任何回复，她决定再打个电话。 4. 非谓语动词作定语 ①动名词作定语可用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能。如: reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 fishing pole 鱼杆 flying suit 飞行服 writing table 写字台 listening practice 听力训练 ②现在分词作定语主要是用来修饰正在进行的动作，说明被修饰名词的特征。现在分词主动形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行；单个的-ing分词放在修饰词的前面，-ing分词短语则放在修饰词的后面。现在分词被动形式(补语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作的被动和进行。 There are various conservation projects underway, with a wide range of initiatives taking place across the country. 目前有各种保护项目正在进行中，（同时）全国各地有广泛的倡议活动在开展。 That was one of the most controversial theories being debated in the conference. 那是会议上正在被讨论的最具争议的理论之一。 现在分词作定语，多表主动和进行的含义。有别于过去分词，表被动含义。请体会下两句： The renowned singer entered, following some media reporters. 那位著名歌手跟着一些媒体记者进来了。（歌手在记者之前） The renowned singer entered, followed by some media reporters.那位著名歌手被一些媒体记者跟着进来了。（歌手在记者之后） 又如： Her encouraging smile was the only thing that kept me going at that moment. (encouraging 修饰smile，表示“令人鼓舞的微笑”) Anyone knowing effective ways to improve English is welcome to share their experience. (knowing effective ways修饰Anyone，表示“知道有效方法的任何人”） His inspiring talk on environmental protection motivated many students to take action. (inspiring 修饰talk，表示“鼓舞人心的演讲”） 5. 非谓语动词-ing分词作表语 -ing分词作表语（即现在分词作表语）用于说明主语的性质、特征或状态，通常与系动词（如 be, seem, become, remain 等）连用。 【注意区分】 现在分词作表语（描述主语的内在特性） 进行时态（强调正在进行的动作） (1)表示主语的性质或特征 结构：主语 + be动词 + -ing分词 + [补充说明] The news is shocking to the people present.（这消息令到场的人们震惊。） → shocking 描述“news” 的本质属性。 Her explanation was confusing to those who lack professional knowledge.（她的解释对于那些缺乏专业知识的人来说，听起来令人困惑。） → confusing 说明解释的特点。 The situation remains worrying to the management committee.（整个局势对于管理层委员会来说，是令人担忧的。） → worrying 强调持续的状态。 2. 表示职业、功能或主要内容 结构：主语（任务/职责） + be动词 + -ing分词短语 My main responsibility is coordinating schedules for the entire team. (我的主要职责是为整个团队协调日程安排。) → coordinating 说明主要职责。 The best way to master a language is immersing yourself in its culture. (掌握一门语言的最佳方式就是让自己沉浸在其文化中。) → immersing 描述最佳方式。 3. 情感类分词（修饰事物） 规则：-ing分词修饰物，-ed分词修饰人 The instructions are confusing. （这些说明令人困惑。） → 说明本身写得不清不楚，令人困惑。 I’m confused by his sudden change of attitude.（我被他突然的态度转变搞糊涂了。） → 我的困惑是外界刺激（his change）造成的，用过去分词。 4.现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。 The long journey was quite tiring.（这段长途旅行相当令人疲惫。） The children were very tired after the whole day’s hike.（孩子们在整天的远足后非常疲惫。） 注：be + -ing 还可能是进行时态，如： The construction workers are building a new bridge. (建筑工人们正在修建一座新桥。) 现在分词（修饰物） 过去分词（修饰人） 【规则】-ing分词修饰物，-ed分词修饰人 The results are disappointing.(结果令人失望。) I’m disappointed. (我感到失望。) The speech was inspiring.(演讲鼓舞人心。) They felt inspired. (他们受到鼓舞。) 特殊结构与高级用法 1. What/It + be动词 + -ing分词 What’s really worrying is losing customers to our competitors.（真正令人担忧的是把客户流失给我们的竞争对手。） It’s frightening to realize how much personal data we leak online every day.（意识到我们每天在网上泄露多少个人数据，是件很可怕的事。） 2. 双重现在分词（强调持续状态） The most annoying part is being interrupted every five minutes while you’re focused.（最烦人的是当你正专注时，每隔五分钟就被打断一次。） 3. 与不定式作表语的区别 -ing分词作表语 不定式作表语 强调习惯性、持续性的活动： Her hobby is painting. 她爱好绘画。 强调具体、一次性的目标： Her goal is to paint a portrait. 她的目标是画一幅肖像。 3.书面表达中动词-ing形式误区警示 1. 缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识 The boy lay on the beach, with his feet washing by the waves. The boy lay on the beach, with his feet washed by the waves. (误) (正) Her suggestion is worth considering. Her suggestion is worth being considered. Her suggestion is worthy of being considered. It’s worthwhile being considered her suggestion. It’s worthwhile considering her suggestion. (正) (正) (正) (误) (误) My car’s engine requires to check by a professional mechanic after making that strange noise on the highway. My car’s engine requires checking by a professional mechanic after making that strange noise on the highway. My car’s engine requires to be checked by a professional mechanic after making that strange noise on the highway. 2. 缺少搭配意识 You should stop to interrupt me when I try to explain my point of view. You should stop interrupting me when I try to explain my point of view. (误) (正) (误) (正) (正) 3. 缺少前后主语一致意识 Before entering the meeting room, it is necessary to turn off your phone or set it to silent mode. Before entering the meeting room, you need to turn off your phone or set it to silent mode. Before you enter the meeting room, you need to turn off your phone or set it to silent mode. (误) (正) (正) 4. 缺少结构意识 Circumstances permit, they’ll launch a new product next September. Circumstances permitting, they’ll launch a new product next September. If circumstances permit, we’ll launch a new product next September. Having not been taught the basics, she struggled with advanced math. Not having been taught the basics, she struggled with advanced math. As she hasn’t been taught the basics, she struggled with advanced math. (误) (误) (正) (正) (正) (正) 4. 实战通关 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. With only five minutes _______ (remain) before the bell rang, she quickly went over her answers one last time. 【解析】remaining 考查 “with+复合宾语”结构。句意：离铃声响只剩五分钟，她迅速最后检查了一遍答案。five minutes与 remain 之间是逻辑上的主动关系。应该用现在分词。故填remaining。 2. With the deadline approaching rapidly, the manager is seriously considering _______ (extend) the working hours for the whole team. 【解析】extending 考查动名词。句意：随着截止日期越来越近，整个团队都在加班完成项目。consider后面可以接两种形式，consider + sb. to do / to be ...和consider + doing ...。这里考查第二种用法。故填extending。 3. The environmental damage caused by the oil spill is far from _______ (repair), even though the company has spent millions on cleanup efforts. 【解析】being repaired 考查动名词做介词宾语。句意：石油泄漏造成的环境破坏远未被修复，尽管该公司已在清理工作上花费了数百万美元。介词 from 后应用动词的-ing 形式，且 repair 与 damage 之间存在着被动关系，故填being repaired。 4. Despite the rainy weather, the tourists still had a great time _______ (explore) the narrow streets of the old town and tasting local delicacies at every corner. 【解析】exploring 考查动名词做介词宾语。句意：尽管下着雨，游客们仍然在探索老城狭窄街道、在每个角落品尝当地美食时玩得很开心。have a (good/great) time (in) doing ... 意为“在......玩得很高兴”。因此应用动名词形式，也可以根据后面的-ing 形式来判断。故填exploring。 5. The professor emphasized the students’ _______ (review) the material before the exam. 【解析】reviewing 考查动名词复合结构做宾语。句意：教授强调学生在考前复习资料的重要性。很明显答语在结构上缺少宾语。-ing与前面的the students’构成动名词复合结构，在此处用作宾语。故填reviewing。 6. She truly appreciated _______ (give) the freedom to design her own research project from scratch. 【解析】being given 考查动名词做宾语。句意：她真的很感激被给予从零开始设计自己研究项目的自由。appreciate, enjoy, finish, avoid等动词后常用动词的-ing 形式充当宾语。故填being given。 7. _______ (work) as a teacher for over twenty years, Mr. Wang knew exactly how to deal with difficult students. 【解析】Having worked 考查现在分词充当原因状语。句意：当了二十多年老师后，王老师完全知道怎么对付难搞的学生。work这一动作发生在主句动作之前,且动作发出者为主句的主语Mr. Wang，和是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填Having worked。 8. _______ (built) on a tight budget means the construction team has to find cost-effective materials without compromising quality. 【解析】Being built 考查非谓语动词充当谓语。句意：通过透明的合作，两家公司之间正在建立信任。此空用-ing分词的被动形式表示正在进行的被动动作，build与trust存在被动关系，应该用现在分词被动形式。故填Being built。 9. The manager stood in front of the whiteboard, _______ (explain) the new project plan to the whole team. 【解析】explaining 考查现在分词做伴随状语。句意：经理站在白板前，向整个团队解释新的项目计划。此空和前面的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，应该用现在分词。故填explaining。 10. The earthquake struck the coastal city at midnight, _______ (destroy) thousands of houses and leaving millions of people homeless. 【解析】destroying 考查现在分词做结果状语。句意：地震在午夜袭击了这座沿海城市，摧毁了数千栋房屋，导致数百万人无家可归。此空用现在分词做结果状语，相当于一个状语从句so that it destroyed ...。故填destroying。 II.语法填空原创(非谓语动词专练) The 2026 FIFA World Cup final ended in a 1-0 victory for Spain over Argentina at MetLife Stadium. A second-half strike from teenage star Lamine Yamal secured Spain’s second world title, 1 (leave) Argentine fans in shock. The game began cautiously, with both teams 2 (test) each other. Argentina, entering as favorites, controlled possession but struggled to create clear chances against Spain’s disciplined defense. 3 (play) with remarkable maturity, the Spanish backline, marshaled by Aymeric Laporte, neutralized Lionel Messi effectively. The Argentine captain, closely watched throughout, found himself 4 (isolate). The decisive moment came in the 73rd minute. Yamal, 5 (bring) down near the touchline, recovered to collect a pass from Pedri, cut inside, and fired an unstoppable shot into the top corner, 6 (beat) Emiliano Martínez. “We believed we could win,” said Yamal, named the tournament’s best young player. “This is a dream achieved.” Argentina pushed forward 7 (find) an equalizer, but Spain’s defense, inspired by goalkeeper Unai Simón, held firm. Coach Luis de la Fuente said: “Our plan was 8 (stay) compact and counter-attack.” The final, watched by over 1.5 billion people, showcased Spain’s tactical brilliance. New facilities built across the host nations provided a world-class stage. 9 (disappoint) but respectful, Messi congratulated Spain. “They deserved 10 (lift) the trophy,” he admitted. As Spanish captain Álvaro Morata raised the cup, the world applauded a final remembered for its tension and the rise of a new star. 1. leaving 2. testing 3. Playing 4. isolated 5. brought 6. beating 7. to find 8. to stay 9. Disappointed 10. to lift 【导语】本文是一篇体育新闻报道，讲述了2026年FIFA世界杯决赛中，西班牙队凭借小将亚马尔在下半场的进球，以1-0战胜阿根廷队夺得冠军的赛况。 1. leaving 考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：下半场， teenage 球星亚马尔的一记进球为西班牙锁定了第二个世界冠军，这让阿根廷球迷陷入震惊。空格前是完整主句(进球锁定冠军)，空格后是宾语(Argentine fans in shock)。此处需要非谓语动词作自然而然的结果，用现在分词 leaving。 2. testing 考查现在分词作宾语补足语(with 复合结构)。句意：比赛开局双方都很谨慎，互相试探。考查 with + 宾语 + 宾补 结构。逻辑主语 both teams 与 test 之间是主动关系(球队试探对方)，用现在分词 testing。 3. Playing 考查现在分词作状语(表原因/方式)。句意：西班牙后防线以非凡的成熟度应战，在拉波尔特的指挥下有效限制了梅西。逻辑主语 the Spanish backline 与 Play 之间是主动关系(后防线自己“踢/发挥”)，用现在分词 Playing。注意首字母大写(在句首)。这里作方式状语，修饰整个谓语。 4. isolated 考查过去分词作宾语补足语(find + 宾语 + 宾补)。句意：阿根廷队长(梅西)整场被严密盯防，发现自己被孤立了。考查 find oneself + 过去分词 结构，表示“发现自己处于某种被动状态”。himself 与 isolate 之间是被动关系(他被孤立)，用过去分词 isolated。 5. brought 考查过去分词作状语(表时间/原因，含被动)。句意：亚马尔在边线附近被撞倒后，起身接应佩德里的传球，内切射门得分。逻辑主语 Yamal 与 bring down(撞倒)之间是被动关系(他被撞倒)，用过去分词 brought。相当于时间状语从句 After he was brought down...。 6. beating 考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：他内切射出一记势不可挡的球，攻破了马丁内斯的十指关。逻辑主语 the shot(或理解为 Yamal)与 beat(击败/攻破)之间是主动关系(球击穿了门将)，用现在分词 beating。这里作伴随/结果状语，补充说明射门的效果。 7. to find 考查不定式作目的状语。句意：阿根廷队前压试图寻找扳平比分的机会。push forward(前压)的目的是 to find an equalizer。不定式表目的，逻辑通顺。现在分词不能作目的状语(需用 in order to/so as to)，故填 to find。 8. to stay 考查不定式作表语(说明计划/内容)。句意：主教练德拉富恩特说：“我们的计划是保持紧凑阵型并进行反击。”主语是 plan，表语用不定式 to stay，说明计划的具体内容(保持阵型紧凑)。这是“主语 + be + to do”表计划/安排的常见结构。 9. Disappointed 考查过去分词(形容词化)作状语，表让步/伴随。句意：梅西虽然失望但很有风度，祝贺了西班牙队。逻辑主语 Messi 与 disappoint 之间是被动/感受关系(人感到失望)，用过去分词 Disappointed。相当于让步状语从句 Although he was disappointed...。注意首字母大写(句首)，且与 respectful 并列。 10. to lift 考查不定式作宾语(deserve to do)。句意：梅西承认：“他们配得上举起奖杯。”动词 deserve 后必须接不定式，构成 deserve to do sth.，表示“值得做某事/配得上做某事”。lift the trophy 即“举起奖杯”。不能接动名词，故填 to lift。 III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2020年6月浙江高考）Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ____, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on _______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. Farming produced more food per person ______ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food ____________ (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __________ (change) lives. By about 6000 BC, people _______________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the ________ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _________ (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with _____ rise of science, changes began. New methods _______ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age. in what than was needed to change had discovered seasons making the meant 【导语】这篇文章讲述了人类从公元前10,000年左右开始发展农业，逐步摆脱依赖狩猎和采集的生活方式，转向种植作物和驯养动物的过程。农业提高了粮食产量，促进了人口增长，同时也推动了技术进步。文章还提到，随着科学的发展，农业方式不断革新，尤其是近现代机械化和化肥的使用彻底改变了传统农业模式。 1. in 考查介词固定短语搭配。句意: 人类首次尝试通过农业控制他们所生活的世界。control the world they lived in是固定搭配，表示“他们生活的世界”。介词 in 不可省略，因为“live in the world”是完整结构，定语从句中关系代词 that/which 被省略，但介词需保留。 2. what 考查宾语从句引导词。句意: 他们开始减少对野外狩猎或采集的依赖，更多依靠自己饲养的动物和种植的作物。此处为 depend less on + “宾语从句” 结构，从句中缺少引导词，且同时在句中做主语。what = the things that，相当于“可被狩猎或采集的东西”，引导名词性从句作介词 on 的宾语。 3. than 考查比较级结构。句意: 农业比狩猎和采集能生产更多人均食物。固定搭配 more ... than，表示“比……更多”。比较对象：Farming produced more food than hunting and gathering. 4. was needed 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意: 随着更多孩子出生，需要更多食物。主语 more food 与动词 need 是被动关系(食物被需要)。时间背景为过去（上下文时态一致），故用一般过去时的被动语态 was needed。 5. to change 考查不定式作定语。句意: 农业让人类首次体验到技术改变生活的力量。不定式 to change 修饰名词 power，表示“改变生活的力量”。类似结构：the ability to solve problems (解决问题的能力)。 6. had discovered 考查过去完成时。句意: 到公元前6000年左右，人们已经发现了最适合种植的作物和驯养的动物。时间状语 By about 6000 BC (“到……为止”)提示动作发生在“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时 had discovered。 7. seasons 考查名词复数。句意: 后来，他们学会了顺应季节劳作。根据语境逻辑，农业需适应多个季节(春耕、秋收等)，故用复数 seasons。 8. making 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意: 在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水灌溉农田。分词短语 making use of... 与主句动作learned to work 同时发生，作伴随状语。并列结构：planting at the right time and making use of floods... 9. the 考查定冠词表特指。句意: 随着科学的兴起，变化开始发生。the rise of science 特指“科学的兴起”，需加定冠词 the。 10. meant 考查一般过去时。句意: 新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。全文时态为过去时(如 were able, had discovered)，根据时态一致原则，此处描述过去事实，用一般过去时 meant。 $