Unit2核心知识背诵清单2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

外研版（2024）八年级英语上册 · 新教材 Unit 2 Getting along 核心知识背诵清单 与人相处 · 四关背记闯关手册 【使用说明】本清单按四关设计：第一关词汇 → 第二关短语 → 第三关句型 → 第四关语法。每关背完打钩，最后过“易错警示”。早读读两遍、睡前默一遍、考前只翻易错表。 ◎ 单元名片 项目 内容 本单元话题 人际交往 Getting along（友谊、家庭相处、解决矛盾） 交际功能 谈论朋友、描述矛盾、道歉与原谅、提出建议 核心语法 现在完成时（for / since）+ 频度表达 高频考点 for + 段时间 / since + 时间点、延续性动词、与一般过去时区别 课文语篇 Friends forever、A misunderstanding、Getting along with family 第一关 词汇背记（核心词 · 词形转换 · 拓展） （一）Starting out / Understanding ideas 核心词汇 音标 词性 释义 搭配 / 例句 /frendʃɪp/ n. 友谊 true friendship 真正的友谊 /ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ n. 误解 clear up a misunderstanding 消除误解 /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ v. 道歉 apologize to sb. 向某人道歉 /fɔː(r)/ prep. 为了；长达 for 3 years 长达三年 /sɪns/ prep./conj. 自从 since 2020 自从2020年 /ˈkwaɪətlɪ/ adv. 安静地 read quietly 安静读 /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的 be disappointed 失望 /ˈnɜːvəs/ adj. 紧张的 be nervous 紧张 /ˈʌndəstænd/ v. 理解 understand each other 互相理解 /ʃeə/ v. 分享 share with 分享 /trʌst/ v. 信任 trust each other 互相信任 /səˈpɔːt/ v. 支持 support each other 互相支持 /keə/ v. 关心 care about 关心 /fɔːɡet/ v. 忘记 forget to do 忘记做 /rɪˈmembə/ v. 记得 remember to do 记得做 /həʊp/ v. 希望 hope to do 希望做 （二）Developing ideas / Presenting ideas 拓展词汇 音标 词性 释义 搭配 / 例句 /lɪvd/ v. live 的过去分词 have lived 住过 /wɒkt/ v. walk 的过去分词 have walked 走过 /steɪd/ v. stay 的过去分词 have stayed 待过 /ˈwɒkt/ v. work 的过去分词 have worked 工作过 /ˈstʌdid/ v. study 的过去分词 have studied 学过 /ˈnɒtɪst/ v. notice 的过去分词 have noticed 注意到 /ˈɒpənd/ v. open 的过去分词 have opened 打开过 /ˈkləʊzd/ v. close 的过去分词 have closed 关过 /bɔːt/ v. buy 的过去分词 have bought 买过 /brɔːt/ v. bring 的过去分词 have brought 带来过 /tɔːt/ v. teach 的过去分词 have taught 教过 /θɔːt/ v. think 的过去分词 have thought 想过 /bʌt/ conj. 但是 but 但是 /bɪˈkɒz/ conj. 因为 because 因为 /ɔː/ conj. 或者 or 或者 /ənd/ conj. 和 and 和 （三）词形转换（写作高频） 原词 词性 词义 派生 / 复数 / 时态 understand v. 理解 understanding n. 理解 disappoint v. 使失望 disappointed adj. 失望的 nervous adj. 紧张的 nervously adv. 紧张地 friend n. 朋友 friendly adj. 友好的；friendship n. 友谊 happy adj. 开心的 happiness n. 幸福；unhappy 不开心 sad adj. 伤心的 sadness n. 悲伤 care v. 关心 careful adj. 仔细的 hope v. 希望 hopeful adj. 有希望的 help v. 帮助 helpful adj. 乐于助人的 use v. 使用 useful adj. 有用的 wonder v. 想知道 wonderful adj. 精彩的 interest n. 兴趣 interested adj. 感兴趣的 第二关 短语背记（必背短语 + 易混辨析） 英文短语 中文释义 get along (with) （与……）相处 get on well with 与……相处融洽 apologize to sb. 向某人道歉 say sorry to 向……道歉 clear up 澄清；整理 be angry with 对……生气 be disappointed at 对……失望 be nervous about 对……紧张 share...with... 和……分享…… trust each other 互相信任 support each other 互相支持 care about 关心；在乎 fight with 与……吵架/打架 make up 和好；编造 for + 段时间 长达…… 易混辨析（考试高频） 短语 / 词 用法说明 for / since for + 段时间（for 3 years）；since + 时间点（since 2020） have been in / have gone to have been in 待了多久；have gone to 去了未回 borrow / keep borrow 瞬间动词不与段时间连用；keep 延续：I have kept the book for 2 weeks. buy / have buy 瞬间；have 延续：I have had the bike for 2 years. join / be in join 瞬间；be in 延续：He has been in the club for a year. die / be dead die 瞬间；be dead 延续：His dog has been dead for 2 months. 第三关 句型背记（交际问答 + 金句） （一）交际句型 场景 问答 / 句子 问相处： — How do you get along with your friends? — Very well. 问认识多久： — How long have you known each other? — For 3 years. 问矛盾： — What's wrong? — We had a fight. 道歉： — I'm sorry. — That's OK. 提建议： — What should I do? — You should talk to her. 问感觉： — How do you feel? — I feel disappointed. 问朋友： — Who is your best friend? — Lily. 问信任： — Do you trust him? — Yes, of course. （二）金句背诵 英文金句 中文释义 How long have you known each other? 你们认识多久了？ We have been friends since 2020. 我们从 2020 年就是朋友了。 Friends should trust and support each other. 朋友应该互相信任和支持。 I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里住了 5 年。 Don't be angry. Let's talk. 别生气，我们谈谈。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 We should share our feelings. 我们应该分享感受。 Apologize, and you will make up. 道个歉，你们就和好了。 第四关 语法过关（核心语法 + 重点句式） ◎ 语法一：for 与 since 用法： 现在完成时中 for + 段时间；since + 时间点/从句。 要点 结构 例句 for + 段时间 for 3 years / for 2 months / for a long time I have studied here for 3 years. since + 时间点 since 2020 / since last month / since 8 o'clock I have lived here since 2020. since + 从句 since + 一般过去时从句 I have known him since I was a child. 提问 How long...? How long have you been here? 口诀 / 铁律：口诀：for 加段时间，since 加时间点；从句要用过去时，提问就用 How long。 ◎ 语法二：瞬间动词与延续性动词 用法： 瞬间动词不能与 for/since 段时间连用，要换成延续性动词。 要点 结构 例句 buy → have 买 → 拥有 I have had the bike for 2 years. borrow → keep 借 → 保留 I have kept the book for a week. join → be in/be a member of 加入 → 是成员 He has been in the club for a year. die → be dead 死 → 去世状态 His dog has been dead for 2 months. leave → be away 离开 → 离开状态 He has been away for 3 days. come/go → be 来/去 → 在 She has been here since 8. 口诀 / 铁律：口诀：瞬间动词不跟段，换延续再用 for/since；buy-have borrow-keep, join-be in 记心间。 ◎ 语法三：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 用法： 现在完成时强调对现在影响；一般过去时只说过去动作。 要点 结构 例句 现在完成时 不与明确过去时间连用 I have seen the film. 一般过去时 与明确过去时间连用 I saw the film yesterday. 时间标志 现在完成：for/since/already/yet/ever 过去：yesterday/last/...ago 口诀 / 铁律：口诀：现完不跟过去时，过去时间一出现，一般过去就出场。 ◎ 易错警示 错误写法 正确写法 I have bought the bike for 2 years. I have had the bike for 2 years. He has joined the club for a year. He has been in the club for a year. His dog has died for 2 months. His dog has been dead for 2 months. I have lived here since 3 years. I have lived here for 3 years. / since 2023. He has left for 3 days. He has been away for 3 days. I have seen him yesterday. I saw him yesterday. How long have you bought the book? How long have you had the book? I have borrowed the book for a week. I have kept the book for a week. We are friends since 2020. We have been friends since 2020. He has gone to Beijing for a week. He has been in Beijing for a week. Don't angry with me. Don't be angry with me. He apologized me. He apologized to me. 考点提示 for/since 区别、瞬间动词换延续动词（buy-have/borrow-keep/join-be in/die-be dead）、How long 提问、现在完成时与一般过去时区别是本单元高频考点。 附录一 · 三遍背记自查表 关次 / 内容 第1遍 第2遍 第3遍 单元名片（话题/语法/考点） 第一关 词汇（Section A + B） 词形转换 12 组 第二关 短语 15 条 易混辨析 6 组 第三关 交际问答 8 组 金句 8 句 第四关 语法（含口诀） 易错警示 12 条 附录二 · 给老师的话 本清单按四关设计，覆盖 Unit 全部核心考点：词汇（音标+搭配）、词形转换、高频短语及易混辨析、交际句型与金句、核心语法（配口诀）和易错对照。 课堂用法： ① 早读 10 分钟：齐读词汇表 + 金句； ② 课中 5 分钟：每讲完一关，互问互答再打钩； ③ 睡前 10 分钟：对着“易混辨析”和“易错警示”过一遍； ④ 考前 5 分钟：只翻“易错警示”和“金句”两页。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $