专题1 阅读理解-【名师带你过关】2027年英语高中总复习专题复习

近三年新课标全国卷全方位分析表 试卷 类别 试卷 年份 篇目 文体类型 主　题 考　点 主题语境 主题内容 细节理解题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 词义猜测题 新课标Ⅰ卷 2025 A 应用文 人与自然 交通碳排放与新能源 3 B 记叙文 人与社会 通过师生互动探讨教育本质 1 2 1 C 议论文 人与社会 城市规划的可持续性 1 2 1 D 说明文 人与自然 微塑料污染及应对方法 1 3 2024 A 应用文 人与社会 生物栖息地修复志愿者招聘 3 B 记叙文 人与社会 运用整体医学治疗动物 2 1 1 C 说明文 人与自我 纸质阅读与数字阅读的差异 2 1 1 D 说明文 人与自然 生物样本数据可用性的研究 2 2 2023 A 应用文 人与社会 自行车租赁服务 3 B 记叙文 人与自然 用生态箱净化污水 2 2 C 说明文 人与自我 数字时代的极简主义生活方式 3 1 D 说明文 人与社会 “群体智慧”效应 1 2 1 新课标Ⅱ卷 2025 A 应用文 人与自然 英国值得一游的四个小镇 3 B 记叙文 人与社会 医院教师的特殊教育经历 2 1 1 C 说明文 人与自然 室内植物与身心健康的科学关联 2 1 1 D 说明文 人与自然 食物边角料的可持续转化实践 1 2 1 2024 A 应用文 人与自然 秋季徒步活动介绍 3 B 说明文 人与社会 阅读小亭自助服务项目 3 1 C 说明文 人与自然 室内菜园系统的优势 2 1 1 D 说明文 人与社会 关于应对AI挑战的一本图书介绍 2 1 1 2023 A 应用文 人与自然 黄石国家公园护林员项目介绍 3 B 记叙文 人与自我 学校菜园项目 2 1 1 C 说明文 人与社会 书籍介绍 1 2 1 D 说明文 人与自然 接触大自然对健康的益处 2 2 综览上表可以看出,近三年高考英语阅读理解在题材上紧跟时代步伐,始终围绕着“人与自然、人与社会、人与自我”的主题,话题新颖且与时俱进,既拓宽学生国际视野,又培养学生中国情怀;题型稳定但对思维能力要求高(如:2025年全国卷新课标Ⅰ卷,推理判断题共7道,部分判断题需要考生全面把握文章内容,理清逻辑关系才能作答);语言难度持续攀升,对词汇量与长难句分析能力要求更高。因此,考生备考时应广泛涉猎各类题材文章,强化词汇积累(尤其是派生词、熟词僻义),提升长难句分析能力,有针对性地训练细节理解、推理判断等题型,以应对不断变化的考情。 英语阅读理解第二轮复习的核心目标是 “从‘会做’到‘做对’,从‘做对’到‘稳定得分’”。相较于第一轮的全面覆盖,第二轮需聚焦薄弱环节,通过精细化复盘和针对性训练,固化解题逻辑,提升对陷阱选项的敏感度。以下是具体策略: 题型一细节理解题 细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中最基础、最常见的一类题型。它主要考查考生在文章中直接定位并准确理解特定信息的能力,通常占阅读理解题量的50%以上。这类题型核心考查考生 “从文本中精准定位、提取、比对具体信息” 的能力,要求答案严格对应原文细节,不依赖主观推测或过度引申。细节理解题常见的提问方式有: According to the passage/article... (根据文章……) Which of the following is (NOT) true? (下列哪项是正确/错误的?) What/When/Where/Who/Why/How... (针对具体细节提问) The author says... (作者说……) The reason for... is that... (……的原因是……) ...is because of... (……是因为……) 2025·新课标II卷阅读A篇(节选) Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you􀆳ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It􀆳s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.   21.Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta?  A.In the Ludlow Castle. B.In the Foodie Center of England. C.In the Hereford Cathedral. D.In the Black and White House Museum. 【语篇概述】 这篇阅读理解主要介绍了四个值得一游的英国小镇,其中一个是赫里福德镇(Hereford),一个有着悠久历史的集市城镇。 【技法运用】 1.题干定位关键词:where;original copy of the Magna Carta 2.读原文找对应点:The Hereford Cathedral;It􀆳s also home to an ancient library;original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there 3.对比选项定答案:此题为直接信息题,答案一目了然,可知Hereford Cathedral 是保存《大宪章》原始副本的地点之一。故选C。 　　张冠李戴:将A做的事、说的话放到B身上。 偷换概念:选项与原文内容部分相似,但核心名词、动词或程度词被偷偷修改。 正反颠倒:选项的意思与原文完全相反。 无中生有:选项内容在原文中完全未提及,但看起来很有道理。 绝对化用词:选项中出现all、 never、 always、 must、 every等绝对化词汇,而原文是相对性表述(如often、 sometimes、 likely),要特别警惕。 A (2025·北京高考节选) Join us for TransForm, the interactive summer camp that helps you teens find your passion by participating in various activities and connecting with others. Experience TransForm TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands⁃on workshops, and off⁃site experiences. However, if you are unsure what track you want, you still get to explore any workshop you want as part of our Explore Workshops. Besides, your parents will also be able to participate in workshops selected just for them to learn about cutting⁃edge science. Schedule of Programming 17 July Time　　　　　　Activities 14:00—15:00　　　Lead to Change Kick⁃off 15:00—16:30　　　Programme Showcase 16:30—18:00　　　Track Workshops 18 July Time　　　　　　Activities 9:30—11:00　　　　 Career Fireside Chats 13:00—14:15　　　 Youth Panel 14:15—16:20　　　 Track Keynotes 19 July Time　　　　　　　　Activities 8:00—12:00　　　 Off⁃site Experiences 13:00—15:00　　　 Gallery Viewing 15:15—16:45　　　 Adult Workshops 20 July Time　　　　　　　　 Activities 9:00—11:15　　　　 Explore Workshops 13:30—16:00　　　　 Keynote Speech 16:15—17:00　　　　 Celebration 　　Programming Tracks ·Agricultural Science: Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture ·Community Booster: Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real⁃world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities ·Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well⁃being, and lead healthy lifestyles ·Science Lab: Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics 1. TransForm allows the teens to　　　. (　　)  A. select workshops for their parents B. prepare track topics for the camp C. design programme activities D. attend hands⁃on sessions 2. According to the schedule, which activity can the teens participate in? (　　) A. Keynote Speech on 17 July. B. Youth Panel on 18 July. C. Celebration on 19 July. D. Programme Showcase on 20 July. B (2024·石家庄高三教学质量检测节选) The UK has a rich literary heritage, with cities packed with bookshops, literary landmarks and comfortable cafes. If you love books, try one of these city breaks. York Earning a remarkable “bookspiration” score of 9.4/10,York has claimed the title of the best UK city for book lovers. Having the highest number of reading spots per 100,000 people among all cities analysed, literary lovers will find themselves spoiled for choice in this city. Home to 20 libraries and 33 highly⁃rated bookshops, this serves as a significant literary resource for a city of its population size. Books inspired by York include: The Secret Garden, Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre Bath Bath comes second, receiving a final “bookspiration” score of 8.1/10. Beyond its plentiful quiet reading spots, more than seven libraries and 16 bookshops per 100,000 people,the city also offers sufficient green spaces, perfect for eager readers to dive into their favourite books. It􀆳s a dream destination for those with a preference for Jane Austen􀆳s works. It􀆳s also host to the annual Jane Austen Festival in September, featuring many immersive(沉浸式的)Regency⁃themed experiences. Books inspired by Bath include: Northanger Abbey, Persuasion, Vathek Belfast In third place is Belfast, scoring a respectable 7.3/10.The Northern Irish city has 18 libraries and 55 charming bookshops to choose from. Serving as the backdrop of inspiration for CS Lewis􀆳s The Chronicles of Narnia, Belfast also has a bookish culture as it plays host to an annual book festival drawing in the nation􀆳s biggest bookworms. Books inspired by Belfast include: Eureka Street, Mystery Man, The Star Factory Bristol Bristol with a score of 6.8/10 secures fourth place to be a literary lover􀆳s paradise. Thanks to its treasure of bookshops from independent to second⁃hand, over 17 bookshops per 100,000 people, the lively South West city makes an incredible destination for book⁃shopping. Books inspired by Bristol include: Shadow Dance, Birdcage Walk, Keep Him Close 3.Which city is the source of the inspiration for Wuthering Heights? (　　) A. York.　　　　　B. Bath. C. Belfast.　　　　 D. Bristol. 4.What can you do during Jane Austen Festival? (　　) A. Rate bookstores of the city. B. Attend theme⁃based activities. C. Dive into CS Lewis􀆳s books. D. Take a South West city tour. 2025·新课标I卷阅读C篇(节选) While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there􀆳s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.  28.What phenomenon does the author point out in Paragraph 1?  A.Cars often get stuck on the road. B.Traffic accidents occur frequently. C.People walk less and drive more. D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 【语篇概述】 这篇文章探讨了现代城市交通中的矛盾现象:尽管道路安全设施有所改善,但行人(尤其是儿童)的步行活动显著减少。许多家长因担心交通风险而选择驾车接送孩子上学,导致步行出行率下降,间接加剧了道路拥堵问题。 【技法运用】 所谓间接信息题,就是一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息,要求考生在理解的基础上,对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。 1.定位题干关键词:What phenomenon;in Paragraph 1。 2.读原文找对应点:transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility;too much traffic on the roads;so they pack them into the car。 3.对比选项定答案:通过对原文找到的对应点的信息加工,即“化繁为简的概括”。因此,答案选C。 选项A、B明显为干扰项,文中虽然有too much traffic on the roads,但没有任何accidents、get stuck相关信息的文字描述。D选项更是属于无中生有。 　　原文重现:直接把原文的句子拿来当选项。这通常是细节题的答案,但却是推断题的典型陷阱。 无中生有:选项内容在原文中完全找不到依据,属于主观臆断或常识判断(但可能常识是对的,文章没提就是错)。 过度推断:推理得太过火,超出了原文支持的范围。 偷换概念:使用了原文的一些词汇,但扭曲了逻辑关系或核心意思。 绝对化:使用always、 never、 must、 all、 none等绝对化词汇,往往不是正确选项。 A (2025·上海崇明高三二模节选) Travelling by rail holds a romantic and old⁃fashioned appeal that can􀆳t be matched by flying or driving. By taking the slow route, you get to experience and interact with an area in a completely different way. THE ROYAL SCOTSMAN Highlights: Possibly the most expensive train journey in the world. You􀆳ll be treated like a member of the monarchy (王室). Superb cuisine, fine wines and carriages (火车客车厢) that look like rooms at Balmoral Castle await those willing to part with a minimum of ￡2350 per person for a two⁃night trip. 1.Ella, who􀆳d like to experience first⁃rate service and taste excellent food on the train, is most likely to choose 　　　　. (　　)  A.The Rocky Mountaineer B.Eastern and Oriental Express C.The Ghan D.The Royal Scotsman B (2024·石家庄高三教学质量检测节选) That gentle attendant might have said something like, Excuse me? Or Pardon? But I could not even register (表达出) that he was speaking to me. I, in Paris for the very first time, was apparently deaf to even the cues (提示) of vocal tone and facial expression. Though I knew that my French was not good, it was then that I realized just being able to count to 15 and say“Jem􀆳appelle Kyla”was not going to work. I had tried very hard to learn some French before I went on my long weekend. Despite all the available resources, I􀆳d really had no intention of studying French in a meaningful way until I was in Paris. But as soon as I􀆳d made up my mind, I ran into a roadblock. As a teenager, I􀆳d learned Spanish almost passively, never receiving less than an A.Meanwhile, I􀆳d taken Russian for a year, and learning a new alphabet and its grammar had given me an almost unshakable sense of confidence. So why, when trying to take up French, a language closest to English, could I not even remember how to use the most ordinary verb, être? When, months after my trip, I still hadn􀆳t gotten much further, I started to wonder...am I bad at this? And though I was only in my 30s, was my lack of facility a result of aging? Yet alongside my frustration (沮丧), a surprising feeling emerged. Not discouragement—but delight in my failure. At 32, having lived in the same city for over ten years, having finished school and started a career, having achieved many of the milestones of young adulthood, it had been so long since I􀆳d been an absolute beginner that being bad at something actually felt refreshing. What so many people experience when they travel is the realization of how big the world is and how much more of it there is than you could have imagined. That􀆳s what I gained—an expanded sense of belief, not limited by what I had already seen; a humble belief in the power of what I didn􀆳t yet know. 2.What prevented the author understanding the attendant? (　　) A.The attendant􀆳s accent. B.The author􀆳s disability. C.The author􀆳s poor French. D.The attendant􀆳s low tone. 3.What did the author gain from the travel experience in Paris? (　　) A.An increased ability to speak French. B.A desire to go abroad for further study. C.A sense of openness to unknown world. D.A feeling of accomplishment in career. 2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A篇(节选) Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats, and children bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75 Each additional day 8.00 6.00 　　Guided City Tours The 2.5⁃hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 22.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?  　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.15.75. B.19.50. C.22.75. D.29.50. 【语篇概述】 荷兰阿姆斯特丹的MacBike公司通过提供多样化的自行车租赁服务和城市导览游,推广自行车作为经济、可持续且有趣的城市探索方式。 【技法运用】 1.题干定位关键词:How much;for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears;for two days 2.读原文找对应点:Hand Brake,Three Gears; Each additional day 8.00 　　3.对比选项定答案:此题为数字计算题,14.75+8=22.75。故选C。 有考生忽略了Each additional day 这一栏而误选D。租赁每增加一天,不是14.75×2,而是8欧元。 　　偷换概念/张冠李戴:把A的价格说成是B的,把成人的价格说成是儿童的。 信息干扰:文中给出多个时间点的多个价格,但题目只问其中一种情况。 　　数字再现陷阱:正确计算所需的所有数字都出现在文中,但其中一个数字只是被提及,并非计算所需。 单位不一致:比如,文中说“$70”,选项中是“￥70”;文中说“per hour”,选项中是“for 3 hours”。 近似数或范围:问题可能是“about how much...”或“which of the following is the closest to...”,答案可能是一个估算值。 A (2024·湖北黄冈高三上学期期中节选) Rookery Bay Festival of Birds January 1⁃31 Join Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and partners in January for the 2023 Festival of Birds. All month long, festival participants can enjoy expert speaker presentations and virtual live adventures online. This 19th annual event is hybrid, so you can join Rookery Bay Research Reserve from wherever you are! A festival pass is required and it includes free admission to the Environmental Learning Center all month long! Virtual lectures •Brown Pelican Biology by Rochelle Streker(1/6,2:00—2:45 pm) •Audubon Florida􀆳s Rooftop Nesting Program by Rebekah Snyder(1/7,2:00—2:45 pm) •Birds Need Natural Climate Solutions by Renee Wilson(1/13,2:00—2:45 pm) •The Race to Save Seabirds Around the Globe by Adam DiNuovo(1/19,2:00—2:45 pm) •Birding Coast to Coast:The Life of a Big Year Birder by David McQuade(1/27,5:30—7:00 pm) Live from the Field(1/11,1/19 and 1/26,11:00—11:45 am).Join Rookery Bay Research Reserve staff behind the scenes to observe how species and habitats in the Reserve are monitored and conserved for future generations. Included with your Festival of Birds pass⁃$50 •Children􀆳s Book Author Signing •Bird Banding Demonstration •Eco⁃Tours: boat tours at Rookery Bay Research Reserve •Access to 24 trips to Area Hotspots (additional fees may apply):Big Cypress Nature Preserve, Bunche Beach Preserve, Clam Pass Park, Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary, Donna Fiala Eagle Lakes Community Park, Harns Marsh, Rookery Bay Research Reserve, and Tigertail Beach. Notice: If you purchase your festival pass and use your unique festival code to register, you will receive a 10% discount. 1.How much should you pay if you register with your festival code? (　　) 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.$40. B.$45. C.$50. D.$55. B (2025·浙江诸暨高三一模节选) Best Washington, D.C.Museums Washington, D.C.has wonderful museums that appeal to virtually any visitor􀆳s interest. From large publicly funded institutions to small historic homes, get ready to learn a great deal and find some welcome surprises and bonus. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History There is something for everyone at this world⁃famous museum. It houses so many artifacts(手工艺品)that you can􀆳t possibly see them all in one visit. The dinosaur exhibits are fascinating and great for kids. Then there􀆳s amazing scenery in the IMAX films. Visiting Tip: If you are visiting with kids, be sure to have a shot at hands⁃on activities. Mount Vernon Estate and Gardens Located outside of the city, the home of George Washington is often missed. The estate is the most scenic tourist attraction in the Washington, D.C. area. The historic residence is restored and decorated as it was when Washington lived there. The museum and education center features 25 state⁃of⁃the⁃art galleries and theaters that tell the story of Washington􀆳s life. Visiting Tip: Visit the Mansion first as it is usually the most crowded. U.S.Holocaust Memorial Museum The museum is a memorial to the millions of Jews who died during the Nazi regime in Germany during World War II. The exhibits tell the horrific story of genocide and teach the dangers of hatred and prejudice. Visiting this museum is an emotional experience. The permanent exhibits are not recommended for children under 11. Visiting Tip: Timed passes are distributed for the same day on a first come, first served basis. International Spy Museum Kids love looking at spy devices and cameras at International Spy Museum, not to mention the interactive spy missions you can try out here. Visiting Tip: Tickets for the museum start at $22.95 for adults, $16.95 for seniors, and $14.95 for children ages 7 to 11, and children under 6 are free. 2.How much should a couple with their pre⁃school kid pay for the Spy Museum tickets? (　　) A.$33.90. B.$37.90. C.$45.90. D.$48.85. 题型二主旨大意题 　　高考阅读理解的主旨大意题考查考生理解文章整体内容、把握作者写作意图、概括文章中心思想的宏观能力,主要有“段落大意”“文章主旨”“最佳标题”三个考点。主旨大意题的解题关键是找到正确的主题句或文章的写作主题,即作者围绕什么主题,表达了什么核心观点或描述了什么主要内容。 不同的文体(说明文、议论文、记叙文),其主旨的呈现方式也略有不同: ①说明文:解释事物、现象或原理,主旨大都出现在首段; ②议论文:表达观点并论证。主旨出现在首段/尾段的观点句(如“I think...”“In conclusion...”)或转折词后的内容(部分文章会先铺垫细节,最后总结主旨); ③记叙文:讲述故事(含人物、事件)。主旨一般为结尾的感悟句或事件的结果。 因此,阅读和解题时须结合不同文体,确定查找主旨或段落大意的线索和解题的方法。 2025·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇(节选) When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn􀆳t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant⁃rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant⁃rich workplaces.” If you􀆳re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don􀆳t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn􀆳t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 31.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Time to Replace Houseplants B.Plants Boost Your Mood C.Tips on Choosing Houseplants D.Plants Brighten Your Home 【语篇概述】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究,说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响,同时指出近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 【技法运用】 这是一道标题归纳题。 第一段:以Detrinidad的成功为例,引出室内植物行业的兴起话题;第二、三段:表明Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率;第四段:鼓励人们尝试种植植物。 核心词plants、improve、mood及其相关的信息词贯穿全文,答案B最能概括文章主旨,即文章的标题。 　　以偏概全:用细节、例子或段落大意代替全文主旨。 笼统宽泛:范围过大,缺乏针对性。 无中生有:选项中的关键词或观点在文章中没有依据。 断章取义:扭曲作者观点或事实,可能混入个别文章中的词来迷惑考生。 情感错位:与作者的整体态度不符。 A (2024·安徽省“江南十校”联考节选) Power often boosts an employee􀆳s creativity because being powerful liberates the individual from restriction. However, new research shows that employees who are not in positions of power can become more creative when given time to “warm up” to a task by engaging in the creative task more than once. “This is important because when people with more power are able to express their creative ideas more than those with less power which leads to rich⁃get⁃richer dynamics that strengthen these power imbalances,” said Brian Lucas, assistant professor in Cornell University. “Understanding ways to boost the creativity of lower⁃power workers can help them find the right way to deal with this low power disadvantage,” Lucas said. Lucas and his colleagues conducted two studies to reach their conclusion. In the first study, they divided the creative idea generation session into two rounds consisting of a one⁃minute “warm up” followed by a second round in which the participants could take as long as they wanted. Participants were randomly assigned to a high⁃power condition or a low⁃power condition, and feelings of power were generated with a role manipulation(操纵)where participants were given a leadership role and control over resources (high power) or an employee role with no control over resources (low power). The study found that high⁃power individuals were more creative than low⁃power individuals in the warm⁃up round. There was no difference, though, in creativity in the second round. In the second study, the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number of rounds from two sessions to five, taking as long as they like to complete the task. Similar to the first study, the study found that high⁃power individuals were more creative than low⁃power individuals in the first round. But the creativity of low⁃power individuals caught up to the creativity of the high⁃power individuals after the first round. The low⁃power warm⁃up effect suggests a simple intervention that empowers all employees to tap their creative potential and overcomes power imbalances in the workplace: when pursuing creative work, let employees warm up first,” Lucas said. 1.Which of the following is the best title for the text? (　　) A.Power Tends to Encourage Creative Ideas B.Changing Tasks Boosts All the Employees􀆳 Creativity C.Warm⁃up Time Corrects Creativity Power Imbalances D.Low⁃power Individuals Outperform the High⁃power Ones B (2025·安徽省名校联考) Some great apes (猿) realize when a human partner doesn􀆳t know something and are capable of communicating information to him to change his behavior, a new study shows. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University studying a species of apes, bonobos, found that they would point to where treats were hidden if they saw their human partner didn􀆳t know where they were. Working with three male bonobos, study co⁃author Luke Townrow would sit across a table from one of the animals as another person placed a treat under one of three cups. In some cases, Townrow would be allowed to see which cup the treat was under, and the bonobo would wait for him to pass it the food. At other times, he would not be able to see where the treat was, and the bonobo would point to the right cup to help him find the food. The seemingly simple experiment demonstrated for the first time that apes will communicate unknown information in the name of teamwork. Chris Krupenye, another co⁃author, said that the study “is one of the clearest pieces of evidence that a non⁃human primate (灵长类动物) understands when someone else is ignorant.” This ability to discover gaps in others􀆳 knowledge is known as theory of mind. “As humans, we have theory of mind,” Krupenye said. “It􀆳s a key feature of human psychology,” he added, explaining that it allows us to cooperate with each other and teach people things that we understand they do not know. Theory of mind has previously been considered unique to humans, but the study shows that bonobos share this capability. “The evidence we have is a good indication that they do have theory of mind,” said Krupenye. The team plans to explore the bonobos􀆳 motivations for sharing information and the way that they think about other individuals􀆳 minds. “What we􀆳ve shown here is that apes will communicate with a partner to change their behavior,” Townrow said, “but a key open question for further research is whether apes are also pointing to change their partner􀆳s mental state or their beliefs.” 2.What can be the best title for the text? (　　) A.Apes Can Recognize Ignorance in Humans B.Bonobos Have Mastered Teamwork in the Wild C.Primates Can Be Taught to Read Human Minds D.Apes Prove Themselves to Be Better Partners C (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low⁃income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo􀆳s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts􀆳 classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands⁃on experiments such as soil testing, flower⁃and⁃seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they􀆳re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program􀆳s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo􀆳s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 3.What can be a suitable title for the text? (　　) A.Rescuing School Gardens B.Experiencing Country Life C.Growing Vegetable Lovers D.Changing Local Landscape 2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇(节选) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer􀆳s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro⁃Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.   BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it􀆳s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre⁃seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it􀆳s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there􀆳s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single⁃use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 31.What does the text mainly talk about? A.BMF􀆳s major strengths. B.BMF􀆳s general management. C.BMF􀆳s global influence. D.BMF􀆳s technical standards. 【语篇概述】 本文是一篇说明文。针对传统食物运输耗时长、距离远的问题,文章介绍了一种创新解决方案——巴比伦微型农场(BMF)。 【技法运用】 1.仔细阅读首段,定位 “主题句” : 首段引出BMF的核心优势[Babylon Micro⁃Farm (BMF) shortens it even more缩短运输距离]。 2.快速浏览后续段落,分析文章结构是“总—分”: 后续几段从“技术、环保、员工行为”几个维度展开,认证BMF优势。 3.甄别选项定答案(排除“干扰项”): 选项B太片面,只涵盖“管理模式”的细节,非全文核心;选项 D(技术标准):技术细节是优势的一部分,非主旨;选项C属于无关信息,文章未提及 BMF 的国际推广或影响。只有选项 A(主要优势)精准概括文章大意。 　　范围过宽:选项内容超出了文章讨论的范围。 范围过窄:选项只是文章某个细节,不能概括全文。 表述绝对:使用过于绝对化的词语(如never、 always、 all、 completely),往往不是正确选项。 偷换概念:选项中的关键词与文章主题看似相关,实则偏离。 A I always looked forward to Thanksgiving, it was never just for my immediate family my parents invited whoever else was left in the neighborhood. All stragglers(掉队者) were welcome. My mom made the big American Thanksgiving meal, though her prized side was a rutabaga(a large round yellow vegetable) dish that I only remember my dad eating, and not always willingly. In November 2012, I wasn􀆳t going to make it to our home in Pass Christian, Miss. I had just been released from the hospital after spending 30 days in isolation(隔离)following a bone marrow transplant(骨髓移植). My only goal was to make it to 100 days post⁃transplant—my survival depended on it. During my journey to rebuild my immune system, my doctors required me to be home in New York with limited outside contact(接触). Hand wash and face masks were handed out to all visitors, and hugs were not allowed. In early November, I got a call from my sisters, who live down South. They were planning on bringing a small group to come and stay with me for Thanksgiving. At first I was hesitant. Disease had taken away my health and my holiday spirit. Without an appetite(食欲) and my hair, I couldn􀆳t imagine gathering around the table in a festive sweater. This would also be the first holiday without my mother, who passed away a week before my transplant. I felt a pressure to be joyful, and all I felt was sick. I was mourning my health, and I was mourning Momma. Thanksgiving Day came; the doorbell rang; in stormed my family. I felt instant relief—they were warm, joyful and, above all, understanding. They didn􀆳t expect me to play host or carry the conversation. They simply wanted me to know that they were there for me. Sitting at the dinner table, I was struck with a feeling something Momma used to say after my father died. I was feeling happy sorrow. Thanksgiving didn􀆳t have to be sad, it just had to be different. At least for a while. So, just remember: this too shall pass, but now would be good. 1.What is the text mainly about? (　　) A.After disaster, try a simpler holiday celebration. B.Care for yourself before looking after everyone else. C.If misfortune changes your traditions, build new ones. D.Remember lost loved ones while enjoying those you have B (2024·江苏南通二模节选) The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down.Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate(导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source. According to Dr Samuel Fabian, study co⁃author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved into tilting(倾斜) their backs to wherever is the brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects were trapped by their evolution. Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it. But if it􀆳s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground. Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night􀆳s feeding. There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects? For we􀆳re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said. 2.What is the text mainly about? (　　) A.Why insects lose their ability to fly at night. B.Why artificial light and evolution trap insects. C.How artificial light impacts insect populations. D.How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight. C (2024·江西省八校高三第一次联考节选) Whether it is the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring. But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives, and we need to start learning how to deal with them in healthy ways, says friendship coach Danielle Bayard Jackson. The most significant thing we need to do, says Jackson, is normalize the fact that sometimes friendships do end and that can actually be healthy. However, we haven􀆳t been taught to carry this expectation into our friend relationships. “We􀆳re not looking at our friends through a lens (透镜) of ‘Gosh, I hope this works out’, but we will do that with a romantic partner for sure,” says Jackson.“With a partner, we wonder if they􀆳re going to be the one. But with friends, we assume they􀆳re the one from the minute we establish that we like each other.” And because we don􀆳t view the loss of a friendship as a normal occurrence, it feels like a personal failing when it happens and something we should be ashamed of. Or, as Jackson puts it,“If friendship is supposed to be easy and yours ended, what did you do wrong?” But that is not the case. Friendships, like any relationship, sometimes are not meant to be and even if they are, maintaining them takes real work. Kristen Newton has been interested in this work for years and founded HEART Convos, which aims to help people who feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind of open and honest communication that keeps a friendship healthy. “I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance of our social connections and friendship. Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they don􀆳t work out, and we experience that hurt and disappointment,” she says. 3.What is the text mainly about? (　　) A.How to regain a friendship that has ended. B.The loss of a friendship is a normal occurrence. C.Why friendship breaks up over the course of our lives. D.Many relationships have fallen away during the pandemic. 2022·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D篇(节选) Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground⁃breaking five⁃year study shows that diet⁃related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world􀆳s languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn􀆳t have to do as much work and so didn􀆳t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter⁃gatherer people today.  This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. 34.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A.Supporting evidence for the research results. B.Potential application of the research findings. C.A further explanation of the research methods. D.A reasonable doubt about the research process. 【语篇概述】 一项历时五年的突破性研究发现,人类饮食变化导致的咬合结构改变(从上下列前齿对齐变为上齿覆盖下齿的过咬合结构)使得发音方式发生变化,从而产生了如今全球半数语言中存在的唇齿音(如“f”和“v”)。 【技法运用】 本题为段落大意题,答案选A。 1.定位段落核心:抓主题句“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that...”。 2.关注逻辑词:第五段的 “also confirmed” 提示其作用是补充证据,而非提出新方法或质疑。  3.排除干扰项:选项B为过度联想,段落内容陈述的是客观事实,不可加入自己的主观推测;选项C为张冠李戴,第五段谈论的不是methods,而是分析后的结果;选项D属无中生有,第五段没有涉及任何doubt。 　　以偏概全:选项只提到了段落中的某个细节、例子,而不是整体观点。 范围过大:选项内容超出了段落讨论的范围,过于空泛。 无中生有:选项中的信息在段落中根本没有出现。 表述绝对:使用always、never、all、none等绝对化词汇,而原文是相对委婉的表述。 反向干扰:与段落表达的意思完全相反。 情感错误:作者的态度是客观的,选项却是批判的或赞扬的,反之亦然。 A (2024·安徽省名校模考节选) When I was a kid, a sycamore (枫树) grew in front of my home. At the age of 10,I was just tall enough to reach its lowest branch and lift myself into its embrace. Sometimes two or three of my friends would join me in the sycamore, or in the maple down the street, or Mrs.DiMarco􀆳s old peach tree, some of whose stout horizontal branches allowed us to sit shoulder to shoulder, eating sweet fruit. In my small town there are some kinds of trees, their branches spreading wide, open for business. But I have not yet seen a climber. Perhaps computer games have replaced tree climbing, or maybe the activity went the way of monkey bars, which came to be viewed as too risky and have largely disappeared from playgrounds. It is a sad loss. I have always believed that, since low⁃hanging branches provide no benefit to the tree, they must be meant for the child. Robert Frost understood this when he wrote: When I see baches (桦树) bend to left and right, Across the lines of straighter darker trees, I like to think some boy has been swinging them. My only disagreement with Frost is his inference that tree climbing is a gender⁃specific task. Both boys and girls make a joyful climb. The campus of the university where I teach has all sorts of trees. During a recent walk, I found myself bending under the branch of an immense spruce (云杉).I grabbed the thing, and a moment later was sitting on a branch. Then the memories came flooding back. The old sycamore, the friends,and finally, the reluctance to return to earth when the parental call to supper came. I was so lost in my thoughts that I didn􀆳t hear the student calling to me from below. He asked what I was doing. I didn􀆳t waste time on explanations. “Come on up,” I said, “The air is fine.” But he only laughed and waved me off.He didn􀆳t know what he was missing. 1.What is the second paragraph mainly about? (　　) A.Why kids don􀆳t climb trees. B.Why monkey bars are dangerous. C.Why there is no business under trees. D.Why kids are addicted to computer games. B (2023·全国乙卷D篇节选) If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity􀆳s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can􀆳t. The clearest example of this between literate and non⁃literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook􀆳s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain􀆳s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non⁃literate societies such as these, all our first⁃hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 2.What is the first paragraph mainly about? (　　) A.How past events should be presented. B.What humanity is concerned about. C.Whether facts speak louder than words. D.Why written language is reliable. C (2020·新课标Ⅰ卷节选) The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they􀆳re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We􀆳re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano􀆳s team found that they could create a faint light for three⁃and⁃a⁃half hours. The light, about one⁃thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self⁃powered street lamps. In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one⁃off treatment that would last the plant􀆳s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 3.What is the first paragraph mainly about? (　　) A.A new study of different plants. B.A big fall in crime rates. C.Employees from various workplaces. D.Benefits from green plants. 题型三推理判断题 　　推理判断题是高考英语阅读理解的核心题型(占比约 20%~30%),与细节理解题的 “直接提取”不同,它要求考生根据文章中的已知信息(事实、细节、作者态度等)进行逻辑分析、推导和判断,从而得出文章中没有明确陈述但隐含的结论,核心考查“逻辑思维与深层理解能力”,需避免主观臆断或过度解读。 2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D篇(节选) On March 7 (1907) the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren􀆳t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won􀆳t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people􀆳s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people􀆳s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow⁃up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? This happened some of the time, but it wasn􀆳t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision⁃making are enormous. 13.Navajas􀆳 study found that the average accuracy could increase even if 　　　　.  A.the crowds were relatively small B.there were occasional underestimates C.individuals did not communicate D.estimates were not fully independent 【语篇概述】 这是一篇说明文。文章以1907年弗朗西斯·高尔顿提出的“群体智慧”效应开篇,指出当大量个体的独立估计被平均时,其错误会相互抵消,从而产生准确的结果,但前提是估计必须独立且错误不相关。 【技法运用】 第一步:精准定位题干关键词(the average accuracy,could increase): 查找原文对应点(第三段)→when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals。  第二步,基于原文做逻辑推测: 从上面画线词可以分析出:如果允许小组成员进行讨论( were allowed to have a discussion),那么评估就不是完全独立的了(not fully independent )。 第三步,排除干扰项: 选项A混淆了small的概念,原文是divided into small;选项B属无中生有,occasional underestimates 没有内容涉及;选项C与原文矛盾,原文为four discussion groups of five,正是在小组内进行沟通,并非个体间没有沟通。因此,选项D是正确答案。 　　原文直接信息:明明白白写出来的,不需要推断的。这是张冠李戴,把细节题答案放在推断题里。 过度推断:推理步骤过多,远远超出了原文支持的范围。 常识判断:选项本身正确,但原文并未提供相关依据。 无中生有:原文完全没提到。 绝对化表述:使用always、never、all、none、must等绝对词汇,通常都是错误的。 A (2025·广东深圳高三月考节选) Perhaps no one knows the power of imagination better than Chinese writer Liu Cixin. Until four years ago, Liu worked full⁃time as a computer engineer at a power plant in Shanxi province. He only wrote science fiction in his spare time. But it was during this time that Liu􀆳s imagination took flight. He did what he might never have the chance to do in real life—wander in space, fight with aliens, and visit planets light⁃years away. But even with such a powerful imagination, Liu, 55, probably hadn􀆳t expected that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award, science fiction􀆳s highest prize, in 2015. Perhaps neither did he think that former US president Barack Obama would read his novel The Three⁃Body Problem, nor that on Nov 9 in Washington DC, he would win the 2018 Arthur C.Clarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society. It􀆳s the first time a Chinese writer has ever won the award. In his acceptance speech, Liu said that he owed his imagination to Arthur C.Clarke (1917—2008), a famous UK sci⁃fi author. He said that reading Clarke􀆳s 1968 classic novel 2001: A Space Odyssey in the early 1980s had a great effect on him. “My mind opened up like never before. I felt like a narrow river finally seeing the sea,” Liu said. “That night, in my eyes, the starry sky was completely different from the past. For the first time in my life, I was awed (充满敬畏的) by the mystery of the universe.” But no matter how far away Liu􀆳s imagination takes him, somehow his novels always stay rational (理性的). In The Three⁃Body Problem, for example, Liu tells a tale of aliens invading Earth. But unlike other alien stories, Liu talks more about relationships between civilizations, rules of survival, and the meanings of life. And in The Wandering Earth, Liu looks ahead to the day when our solar system comes to an end and humans have to look for a new place to live. However, all his visions and solutions are based on “hard science”. Liu􀆳s works aren􀆳t simply daydreams. 1.What can be inferred about Liu Cixin􀆳s professional background as a computer engineer and his sci⁃fi writing? (　　) A.His engineering job provided technical knowledge that grounded his sci⁃fi in “hard science”. B.His work at the power plant directly inspired the plots of The Three⁃Body Problem and The Wandering Earth. C.He quit his job immediately after winning the Hugo Award to focus full⁃time on writing. D.His engineering skills made him more critical of traditional sci⁃fi􀆳s lack of scientific rigor. 2.The passage mentions that Liu Cixin “stayed rational” in his novels despite his vast imagination. Which of the following best explains the significance of this balance? (　　) A.It distinguishes his works from other sci⁃fi that prioritize emotional storytelling over logic. B.It allows his speculative ideas (e.g., alien invasions, solar system collapse) to explore deeper themes like civilization survival. C.It reflects his belief that imagination without scientific basis is unworthy of being called “sci⁃fi”. D.It makes his novels more accessible to readers unfamiliar with complex scientific concepts. 3.Why does the author highlight that Liu Cixin was the “first Asian” to win the Hugo Award and the first Chinese writer to win the Arthur C.Clarke Award? (　　) A.To emphasize the global recognition of Chinese sci⁃fi􀆳s growing influence. B.To criticize Western⁃dominated literary awards for overlooking Asian authors previously. C.To suggest that Liu􀆳s success was due to his unique cultural perspective as a Chinese writer. D.To imply that these awards are less prestigious than others he might have won. B (2025·广州部分中学高三模考节选) Tilapia (罗非鱼) skin is rich in collagen (胶原蛋白), a protein that helps build and repair tissues. Because of this, tilapia skin has become popular in medicine. Researchers have used it for various treatments, including helping burn victims and fixing problems related to the stomach and heart. Inspired by colleagues in other medical fields, Mirza Melo, an eye doctor for animals in Brazil, decided to try using tilapia skin to treat eye problems in dogs. She focused on eye problems like corneal ulcers and perforations, which are common in dogs with short noses. “These dogs have eyes sticking out from their faces,” she says. “So they get injured often.” Normally, doctors treat these eye injuries by placing a piece of horse placenta (胎盘) over the damaged area to help it recover. But in 2019, Melo tried using tilapia skin instead. She successfully treated a Shih Tzu (a species of dog) with a severe eye injury. Brazil􀆳s Burn Support Institute and the Federal University of Ceará, which started the Tilapia Skin Project to treat burns, supported her work. With their help, Melo developed a special membrane (膜) called the acellular dermal matrix (ADM), made from pure collagen taken from tilapia skin. Collagen is known to help cells grow and repair tissues. Tilapia skin has a high and consistent quality of collagen throughout the fish􀆳s life, while the quality of horse placental collagen can vary depending on the horse􀆳s age and weight. So far, Melo has treated over 400 dogs using tilapia skin. The dogs showed no pain or infection after surgery and healed quickly with minimal scarring. Melo is now planning to use this technique on cats and is even discussing how to adapt it for treating human eyes, which are very sensitive and difficult to treat. 4.What can we infer about horse placental collagen? (　　) A.It is only related to horses􀆳 weight. B.It is easier to obtain than tilapia collagen. C.It is not affected by horses􀆳 type and weight. D.It is not always available at any stage of horses􀆳 growth. 2020·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇(节选) In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible: the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway (晃动). The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided. The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean (赞歌) to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles (航天飞机) Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr.Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore. Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them. “Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr.Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.  30.What does Dr.Petroski think of engineering failures?  A.They are inevitable. B.They are a sign of progress. C.They should be avoided. D.They are caused by designers􀆳 mistakes. 【语篇概述】 本篇是说明文,通过1987年金门大桥50周年庆典期间因人群超载导致桥面压平晃动的惊险事件,引出亨利·佩特罗斯基博士的著作《原谅设计:理解失败》的核心观点。作者最终指出,失败而非成功才是推动工程进步的关键。 【技法运用】 本题考查的是“观点态度”题,解题技法如下。 1.定位题干关键词(Dr. Petroski,think of,engineering failures):找到原文里相关区间,即最后一段的“‘Success is success but that is all that it is,’ Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.”。  2.抓取“态度标志词” :brings improvement 3.排除干扰选项,找出正确答案:选项A属无中生有;选项C 与他的观点不符,他更强调从失败中学习;选项D 过于片面,文中提到工程失败的原因还有材料质量、设计的过度应用等多种因素。因此,选项B为正确选项。 　　与原文态度词矛盾(原文是“肯定、支持”,选项为“否定、反对”)。 过度绝对(如completely approve,但原文仅为partly reasonable)。 “中立误区”:若原文有明确评价词(如useful),则neutral(中立)为错误选项。 “情感混淆”:混淆“作者态度”与“文中人物态度”。 A (2024·河南省九师联盟高三质量检测节选) Think of a typical college physics course: notetaking, homework struggles and studying for difficult exams. Now imagine access to a tutor (导师) who answers questions at any hour, never tires and never judges. Might you learn more? The AI⁃supported tutor is surprisingly more effective. That􀆳s the unexpected conclusion from a Harvard study examining learning outcomes for students in a large physics course. … “We went into the study curious about whether our AI tutor could be as effective as in⁃person instructors,” Kestin said. “I certainly didn􀆳t expect students to find the AI⁃powered lesson more engaging. But that􀆳s exactly what happened: Not only did the AI tutor seem to help students learn more materials, the students also self⁃reported more engagement when working with AI.” … 1.What did Kestin most probably think of their findings? (　　) 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Valueless. B.Doubtful. C.Confusing. D.Surprising. B (2025·广州部分中学高三模考节选) If you􀆳ve noticed you􀆳re getting less while your bill almost stays the same, it􀆳s not just you. “Shrinkflation”—reducing a product􀆳s size or quantity while keeping its price stable—is showing up in shops around the world. As the global economy struggles with inflation (通货膨胀), rising material costs and higher human cost, consumers are bearing the increasing production prices. “Consumers are more likely to notice how their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amount of product lost when sizes decrease,” says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educator at Impact Pricing. As a result, companies use shrinkflation to make consumers “less painful”. Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem doesn􀆳t end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way. “Shoppers don􀆳t have a choice. They have to adapt themselves to the changes,” adds Stiving. There are rare exceptions, but companies generally take the opportunity to get more profits. For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do something to maintain their profits. Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence. Some grocers are using stickers to remind shoppers of shrinkflation, but still, it􀆳s a tough hit to the bottom line—especially because the price of products generally doesn􀆳t fall as inflation does. Consumers may need to examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don􀆳t fall into the trap of that super size on the shelf. 2.What is the author􀆳s attitude to the shrinkflation in Paragraph 4? (　　) A.Favorable. B.Objective. C.Dismissive. D.Unclear. 2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇(节选) “I am not crazy,” says Dr.William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he􀆳ll have the last laugh. He􀆳s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法), and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle⁃relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. … Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That􀆳s my job.”  27.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?  A.To prove Farber􀆳s point. B.To emphasize its importance. C.To praise veterinarians. D.To advocate animal protection. 【语篇概述】 本篇是说明文。文章介绍了威廉·法伯博士(Dr. William Farber)作为美国一名采用“整体疗法”的兽医,如何将针灸等替代疗法与传统西方兽医学结合。 【技法运用】 该题考查的是“写作意图”题,解题技法如下。 1.定位题干关键词(the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association),找到原文里相关区间,即最后一段的“membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700”。 2.分析 “细节与上下文” 的最常用的逻辑关系: 细节的上一句“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time and if the past is any indication, he may be right” 引出观点,然后引用美国整体兽医协会的会员增长数据“membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700”是为了证明 Farber 的观点,属于“观点+数据支撑” 的写作逻辑。目的是用事实支持 Farber 的论断,增强说服力。 3.排除干扰选项: 选项B 项“强调协会重要性” 并非重点,重点是数据对观点的支持;选项C 项“赞扬兽医”及选项D 项“倡导动物保护”均与上下文无逻辑关系。因此,选项A为正确选项。 　　写作意图题的正确选项一定与全文主旨或段落核心相关,干扰项通常有以下特征,可直接排除: 仅描述 “细节本身”,未体现 “细节的作用”; 混淆“内容核心”与“写作目的”:这类选项仅概括“本文讲了什么”(主旨),而非“作者为什么写”(意图); 过度延伸:这类选项是基于文本内容进行“主观推测”。 A Urban Community Gardens: Growing More Than Plants In many busy cities around the world, empty lots and abandoned spaces are being transformed into something unexpected: community gardens. These small, shared green areas are popping up in neighborhoods from New York to Tokyo, and their impact goes far beyond growing vegetables. For residents, community gardens offer a chance to connect with nature—and with each other. Maria Lopez, who lives in a crowded apartment building in Chicago, says, “I used to spend weekends watching TV alone. Now I􀆳m outside every Saturday morning, planting tomatoes with my neighbors. We􀆳ve become like a family.” Studies back up this feeling: a 2023 research by the Urban Planning Institute found that people who join community gardens report a 30% increase in feelings of belonging to their neighborhood. Community gardens also help fight two big city problems: food waste and air pollution. Most store⁃bought vegetables travel hundreds of miles to reach plates, creating carbon emissions. But in community gardens, food is picked fresh and eaten the same day—no long trips needed. Additionally, the plants absorb harmful gases like carbon dioxide, making the air cleaner for everyone nearby. Of course, starting a community garden isn􀆳t easy. Many groups struggle to get permission to use empty land, and finding people to care for the garden regularly can be hard. Yet these challenges don􀆳t stop people. “Every time I see a kid pick their first carrot here, I know it􀆳s worth it,” says Mike Chen, a volunteer gardener in Los Angeles. As cities grow busier and more crowded, community gardens show a simple truth: small, shared efforts can make big changes for the better. They aren􀆳t just about growing food—they􀆳re about growing stronger, healthier communities. 1.What is the author􀆳s purpose of writing the passage? (　　) A.To introduce the history of community gardens. B.To encourage people to start community gardens. C.To discuss the problems of community gardens. D.To explain the importance of community gardens. B (2020·新课标Ⅱ卷节选) I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time. As I grew older and became a writer, I􀆳d often bring my laptop to the library and write for hours. I􀆳d also borrow countless books for research. The library was a place of peace and organization, with its endless rows of books offering the wisdom of the ages. But today, libraries are changing. They are no longer just about books. They have become community hubs where people can learn new skills, use 3D printers, edit videos, and even practice speaking a new language. They are places where the homeless can find shelter and students can access the internet to do their homework. This is why I view libraries as essential. They are the one place where everyone, regardless of their social or economic status, can have free access to information, technology, and, of course, stories. In a world that is increasingly digital and divided by inequality, libraries level the playing field. They are a symbol of hope and a promise that everyone has the opportunity to learn and improve their lives. 2.What is the author􀆳s purpose in writing the text? (　　) A.To remember the good old days in libraries. B.To discuss the challenges that libraries are facing. C.To explain why libraries are important to society. D.To compare libraries of the past with those of today. 2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D篇(节选) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI⁃powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution.  In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades􀆳 professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super⁃smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow⁃AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell􀆳s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction⁃level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.  32.What is the text probably taken from? A.A science fiction novel. B.A technology report. C.A book review. D.A research paper. 【语篇概述】 这是一篇说明文。Catriona Campbell的新书是一本为应对人工智能(AI)革命带来的挑战而编写的实用指南。作者凭借其二十多年的专业经验,从商业人士而非学者的实用角度出发,将复杂的技术内容转化为通俗易懂的语言,使这本书既易于理解又信息丰富。 【技法运用】 1.①“定位特征”: 首段 “this is where AI by Design...comes in” 引出书籍;末段 “if you only read one book on the subject, this is it” 为典型推荐语,属于书评结尾的常见表达方式。 ②“匹配类型”: 书评(Book Review)的核心特征是围绕某本书展开,首段常提及 “book title, author”,内容含 “book􀆳s main idea, strengths/weaknesses, author􀆳s writing style”,结尾可能有 “recommendation(推荐语)”,因此可判断,选项C是符合书评(Book Review)特征的。 2.排除干扰项: 选项A 项“科幻小说” 与文中 “practical roadmap(实用指南)”的定位不符;选项B 项 “技术报告” 缺乏数据或实验支撑;选项D 项 “研究论文” 须包含方法论和学术引用,文中未体现。 　　以偏概全:文章中提到了一点科学知识,但主旨是它的应用或社会影响,选项却设置了“科学杂志”。应判断主旨,而非细节。 文体混淆:一篇语言非常客观的景点介绍,可能被误认为是新闻报道。但要看其写作目的:是纯粹传递信息(新闻),还是鼓励你去参观(旅游指南)? 常识性误导:命题者设置“无文本证据但符合常识”的选项,诱导考生脱离文本,仅凭常识判断。 A What does a woman􀆳s handbag have in common with a bomb⁃sniffing dog? At first glance, not much. But both can be trained to perform tasks that are beyond their natural abilities. In the case of the handbag, it􀆳s about design and function. For the dog, it􀆳s about training and instinct. The handbag in question is the “Smart Bag”, a prototype designed by a team of engineers and fashion designers. It looks like a typical high⁃end handbag, but it􀆳s equipped with technology that allows it to recognize its owner􀆳s voice and respond to commands. It can also sense when it has been left behind and will send a message to the owner􀆳s phone. The Smart Bag is an example of how artificial intelligence (AI) is being integrated into everyday objects. Similarly, bomb⁃sniffing dogs are a powerful tool in security. These dogs are trained to detect explosives with an accuracy that machines struggle to match. Their natural sense of smell is incredibly sensitive, and through training, they learn to identify specific scents associated with dangerous materials. The partnership between human and dog is built on trust and repetition. Both the Smart Bag and the bomb⁃sniffing dog represent the blending of natural abilities with technological or trained enhancements. They show how innovation can come from combining different fields—engineering and fashion, or biology and security—to create something truly functional and intelligent. 1.What is the text probably taken from? (　　) A.A research paper on animal training. B.An advertisement for a new product. C.A popular science magazine. D.A security company􀆳s report. B (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷节选) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists􀆳 representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect, wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st⁃century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery⁃powered e⁃reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off⁃line” activity. 2.Where is the text most probably taken from?(　　) A.An introduction to a book. B.An essay on the art of writing. C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern painting. 题型四意义猜测题 　　意义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解的高频题型(占比约 10%~15%),核心考查考生 “结合上下文语境,推断陌生信息含义” 的能力,涉及对生词、短语、句子或代词指代对象的理解,重点检验 “语境分析与逻辑关联能力”,而非单纯考查词汇量。此类题型常见于说明文或议论文,考生需结合上下文而非字面意思作答。 2024·全国甲卷阅读B篇(节选) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you􀆳re able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother􀆳s attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That􀆳s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don􀆳t usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that􀆳s been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it􀆳s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!  3.Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in Paragraph 3? A.Perform appropriately. B.Move faster. C.Act strangely. D.Do better. 【语篇概述】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了猫如何通过多种方式(特别是声音和嗅觉)表达需求、感知环境以及与人类互动。 【技法运用】 本题考查的是词义猜测题。解题方法如下: 1.应用“反义/对比”线索:可知but 后的this behavior指的是衔物(fetching)习惯; 2.标记其前后 3~4句的语境(but之前提及狗以其令人印象深刻的衔物习惯而闻名),结合下文(猫会随机找一些东西来带给主人)可推出猫在这种衔物行为方面更胜一筹。故选D。 　　警惕“熟词生义”:很多词义猜测题考查的是常见单词的生僻含义或在特定语境下的引申义。不要看到认识的词就立刻代入最常见的意思。 词根词缀辅助:在利用上下文主线的基础上,可以借助词根、前缀、后缀来辅助验证猜测。 排除法:如果选项中有明显不符合上下文主题、感情色彩(褒义/贬义)或常识的答案,可以先排除掉,提高正确率。 答案代入:一定要把最终选择的答案放回原句通读一遍,确保上下文意通顺。这是避免失误的最后一道关卡。 A (2025·广东深圳月考题节选) A pilot program in North County is teaching students about nutrition and where their food comes from. The five⁃week Farm to School program is a partnership between Escondido Union School District and the Farm to Institution Center. It encourages elementary school children to try vegetables they may not have tried before. “I think that understanding just the roots of where our food comes from and how it gets to our table is meaningful,” said Jeremy Lyche, principal of Bernardo Elementary School. “You saw the kids􀆳 excitement today. They love it.” The students in Paul Erickson􀆳s class have been in the program for over a month. “We􀆳ve been doing multiple lessons where we􀆳re learning about and teaching about local farms in our community, as well as some healthier choices like produce(农产品), just getting students to join in farming.” Erickson said. Once a week for the past five weeks, Alexis Anderson from the Farm to Institution Center has been coming by to teach these kids more about farming and what it takes to get fresh produce to their tables. Wednesday was the students􀆳 last session in the program. She said the main takeaway for the kids is learning where their food comes from. “Eat and support local food because it not only benefits their community economically, but also benefits their health and just education overall of knowing what􀆳s available,” Anderson said. After Wednesday􀆳s lesson, the students went to the school garden for a game of bingo to identify the things they􀆳ve learned. One of the goals of the school garden is for the students to try new things. For Escondido Union School District, the ultimate goal for the school garden is for the produce to end up in the cafeteria for the children to eat. But there are some health regulations the district still needs to overcome before that can happen. 1.What does the underlined word “takeaway” probably mean in Paragraph 4? (　　) 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Focus. B.Gain. C.Challenge. D.Inspiration. B For those who are too young to know what a video tape is, the video rental store was a place where you could borrow movies for a night or two. It was a big deal in the 1980s and 1990s. Families would go together to browse the shelves, looking for the perfect film to watch. The most famous of these stores was Blockbuster, which had thousands of locations around the world. However, the rise of the internet and digital streaming services like Netflix meant that the video rental business model became obsolete. Why would anyone drive to a store to rent a heavy plastic box when they could instantly stream any movie they wanted to their television or phone? One by one, video rental stores closed down. Even the giant Blockbuster went bankrupt in 2010, closing all its company⁃owned stores. Yet, against all odds, a few independent video rental stores have managed to survive. They have done so not by fighting technology, but by embracing it and finding a new role in their communities. For example, they might have a strong social media presence to connect with customers, or they might specialize in hard⁃to⁃find foreign films and classics that aren􀆳t available on mainstream streaming platforms. More importantly, they offer something that algorithms (算法) cannot: human connection and expert advice. The owners are usually film enthusiasts who love to talk about movies and make recommendations. For their customers, going to the video store is a social experience, a chance to interact with people who share their passion. In this way, these stores have become cultural community centers rather than simple retail outlets. 2.What does the underlined word “obsolete” in Paragraph 2 mean? (　　) A.Popular. B.Outdated. C.Competitive. D.Complicated. C In an age where smartphones dominate our attention, a unique project is bringing back the joy of short⁃form reading in public spaces. The idea is simple: provide people with a brief escape through literature during their daily commute. In the San Francisco Bay Area, BART has set up kiosks at train stations. Riders can choose a 1⁃minute, 3⁃minute, or 5⁃minute story, and the kiosk prints a receipt⁃like short story for them. This initiative, called “Short Edition,” aims to make literature accessible and offer a digital detox, encouraging people to look up from their screens. The concept, which originated in France, has been a remarkable success. People are not only taking the stories for themselves but also sharing them with friends and family. The stories are curated from a global writing community, offering a wide variety of genres to suit different tastes. Similar projects have emerged worldwide. In London, short stories are displayed on digital screens in the Underground. In major cities across China, some metro lines have introduced “library carriages” where passengers can scan QR codes to read poems and short stories on their phones, blending the traditional with the modern. Experts say these projects fulfill a deep human need for storytelling and connection. “It􀆳s about reclaiming those lost moments of downtime,” says one sociologist. “Instead of scrolling through endless social media feeds, you can lose yourself in a complete narrative. It enriches the commute and, by extension, the community.” 3.What does the underlined word “kiosks” mean? (　　) A.Train tickets. B.Small machines/booths. C.Short stories. D.Fare gates. 2020·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C篇(节选) In the mid⁃1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24⁃year⁃old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.  9.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.Developing a serious mental disease. B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 【语篇概述】 这篇文章是一篇记叙文,讲述了美国作家Tom Bissell在20世纪90年代作为英语志愿者赴乌兹别克斯坦任教,因身心受挫七个月后离开。几年后,他重返该国调查咸海消失事件,却意外展开了一场揭示中亚帝国遗殇的深度旅程。 【技法运用】 代词that常用来指代上文提到的事情,因此推断此处that指代第一段的内容,再根据“Hence this book, Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia”可知,这本书出现了,因此可以判断“that”指代第一段提到的“to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea”, Mr Bissell的本意是写一篇文章,结果却写成了一本书。故选D。 　　望文生义:选项直接给出词句的表面含义,但在上下文中完全说不通。 忽略指代:遇到 it/they/this 等代词,未明确指代对象,导致句义理解偏差。 脱离逻辑:如转折词 but 后的句子,不联系前文的对立观点,误解作者态度。 过度解读:若选项含义超出上下文支撑,即使逻辑通顺也需排除。 A The phrase “to sleep on it” is well known to most English speakers. It means to give yourself time to think about a decision before making it. But does it really work? Science now offers some answers. In a study published in the journal Current Biology, researchers taught participants a complex card game. After learning the rules, some participants were told to sleep on the decision about which strategy to use, while others had to decide immediately. The results showed that those who slept on it made better decisions and achieved higher scores in the game. Why does this happen? According to the study, during sleep, our brains process information and consolidate memories. This “offline” processing allows us to separate important information from the less important, and to integrate new knowledge with what we already know. In other words, sleeping on a decision helps you see the big picture and focus on the key aspects, rather than getting stuck on minor details.  So, the next time you have a tough choice to make, don􀆳t stress about it. Just sleep on it. Your brain might just do the thinking for you. 1.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? (　　) A.Sleep helps people remember every detail. B.Sleep makes people forget unimportant things. C.Sleep enables people to focus on the main points. D.Sleep prevents people from making quick decisions. B With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), education has entered a new era of “intelligent learning”. AI⁃powered tools have become increasingly popular in classrooms and self⁃study scenarios. These tools can analyze students􀆳 learning data in real time, identify their weak points in subjects like English grammar or math problem⁃solving, and generate personalized learning plans tailored to individual needs. For example, an AI English learning app can track how long a student spends on each reading task, mark the types of questions they frequently get wrong, and recommend targeted articles and exercises to improve their skills. However, technology is never a replacement for human connection.The most effective education is still a two⁃way street where teachers guide, encourage, and inspire students beyond what algorithms can achieve. A recent survey among 500 high school students and 200 teachers across the country shows that 85% of students believe that teachers􀆳 timely feedback and emotional support help them build more confidence in learning. Teachers, on the other hand, point out that AI can free them from heavy routine work such as grading homework, allowing them to focus more on face⁃to⁃face communication with students.  Experts suggest that the future of education lies in the balanced integration of AI and human teaching. AI serves as a powerful assistant to educators, providing data support and efficient tools, while teachers play a core role in shaping students􀆳 values, cultivating critical thinking, and fostering interpersonal skills. This combination not only improves learning efficiency but also ensures that education maintains its humanistic essence. As one education researcher put it, “AI can tell us what students don􀆳t know, but only teachers can tell them why they need to know it and how to apply it to life.” 2.What does the underlined sentence “The most effective education is still a two⁃way street”probably mean? (　　) A.Education should focus on both academic and practical skills. B.Effective education requires interaction between teachers and students. C.AI technology and traditional teaching methods need to work together. D.Students should learn from both online courses and offline activities. 在英语阅读理解中,长难句是制约阅读速度和理解精度的核心障碍。这类句子通常通过 “叠加修饰成分” “嵌套从句” “使用非谓语结构” 或 “特殊句式(倒装 / 省略)” 等方式,将多个信息点压缩在一个句子中,导致读者难以快速抓取核心语义。 要攻克长难句,关键在于“先拆结构,再合语义”——先剥离修饰成分,找到句子主干,再逐一分析修饰部分的逻辑关系,最终整合完整含义。 【典例示范1】 请拆解下列长难句并翻译句子。 What most people don􀆳t realize is that the stress we experience in daily life, if not properly managed, can have a negative impact on both our physical and mental health. 【技法运用】 1.找谓语: don􀆳t realize(主语从句谓语)、is(主句谓语)、experience(定语从句谓语)、managed(非谓语)、can have(表语从句谓语)→ 3 个分句(主语从句+主句+定语从句+插入语)。 2.划主干: · 主语从句(What most people don􀆳t realize)→ 大多数人没意识到的(事情); · 主句(is)→是; · 表语从句(that the stress can have a negative impact on both our physical and mental health)→压力会对我们的身心健康产生负面影响; · 主干:大多数人没意识到的是,压力会对我们的身心健康产生负面影响。 3.析修饰: · 定语从句 “we experience in daily life”→ 修饰 “the stress”(我们日常生活中经历的压力); · 插入语 “if not properly managed”→ 补充说明 “stress”(如果没有得到妥善管理)。 翻译:大多数人没意识到的是,如果日常生活中经历的压力没有得到妥善管理,就会对我们的身心健康产生负面影响。 【典例示范2】 The study conducted by Harvard University researchers on the relationship between sleep quality and work efficiency shows that people who sleep 7-8 hours a day are more productive than those who sleep less than 6 hours. 【技法运用】 1.找谓语: conducted(非谓语)、shows(主句谓语)、sleep(定语从句1谓语)、are(宾语从句谓语)、sleep(定语从句2谓语)→ 3 个分句(主句+宾语从句+两个定语从句)。 2.划主干: 主句(The study … shows that …)→ 这项研究表明……; 宾语从句(that people … are more productive than those …)→ 每天睡7~8小时的人比睡眠不足6小时的人效率更高; 3.析修饰: 过去分词短语 “conducted by Harvard University researchers”→ 修饰 “study”(由哈佛大学研究人员开展的研究); 介词短语 “on the relationship between sleep quality and work efficiency”→ 修饰 “study”(关于睡眠质量与工作效率关系的研究); 定语从句 “who sleep 7-8 hours a day”→ 修饰 “people”(每天睡7~8小时的人); 定语从句 “who sleep less than 6 hours”→ 修饰 “those”(睡眠不足6小时的人); 翻译:哈佛大学研究人员开展的关于睡眠质量与工作效率关系的研究表明,每天睡7~8小时的人比睡眠不足6小时的人工作效率更高。 近三年新课标全国卷全方位分析表 试卷 类别 试卷 年份 语篇 类型 主题 设空位置 主题语境 主题内容 标题 段首 段中 段尾 新课标Ⅰ卷 2025 记叙文 人与社会 热爱事业的咖啡馆员工 4 1 2024 说明文 人与自我 纸质词典的独特价值 1 4 2023 说明文 人与自我 自我宽恕 4 1 新课标Ⅱ卷 2025 说明文 人与社会 家庭参与志愿活动的意外益处 1 3 1 2024 说明文 人与社会 过度旅游现象 1 3 1 2023 说明文 人与自我 开始艺术之旅的好建议 1 3 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题一　阅读理解 题型一　细节理解题 直接信息题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了青少年互动夏令营TransForm的相关信息,包括活动体验、日程安排以及课程方向等内容。 1.D　细节理解题(直接信息题)。根据 “Experience TransForm” 部分,TransForm 通过 “主题演讲、实践工作坊和实地体验” 让参与者专注所选方向。由此可知,其允许青少年参加实践课程,故选D。 2.B　细节理解题(直接信息题)。根据“Schedule of Programming”中的安排,18 July的活动安排里有“13:00—14:15 Youth Panel(13:00—14:15 青少年小组讨论)”,所以青少年可以在18日参加青少年小组讨论活动。故选B。 B 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了英国四个适合文学爱好者的城市(约克、巴斯、贝尔法斯特和布里斯托),每个城市都拥有丰富的书店、图书馆和文学地标。 3.A　细节理解题(直接信息题)。York 部分明确提到 “受约克启发的书籍包括《呼啸山庄》”。可见《呼啸山庄》的灵感来自约克,故选A。 4.B　细节理解题(直接信息题)。Bath 部分指出 “每年 9 月举办简·奥斯汀节,提供摄政主题沉浸式体验”。说明节日期间可参加主题活动,故选B。 间接信息题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四条很棒的铁路旅行路线。 1.D　细节理解题(间接信息题)。The Royal Scotsman 部分提到 “提供绝佳美食、美酒,车厢如城堡房间,两晚之旅每人至少 2350 英镑”。Ella 想体验一流服务和美食,该列车最符合需求,故选D。 B 【语篇概述】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者法国旅行发生的事情和感受。 2.C　细节理解题(间接信息题)。第一段提到 “作者首次到巴黎,法语仅能数到 15、说名字,连语气和表情提示都不懂”。可推断作者因法语差,没理解服务员的意思,故选C。 3.C　细节理解题(间接信息题)。最后一段作者提到 “获得了不受已知事物限制的扩展的信念,相信未知的力量”,可进一步概括为 “开放感”,即作者从旅行中获得对未知的开放感,故选C。 数字计算题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了一个有关鸟类保护的节日及其相关活动。 1.B　数字计算题。观鸟节门票50美元,用专属代码注册可享10%折扣。计算得 50×(1-10%)=45美元,故选B。 B 【语篇概述】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了华盛顿特区最著名的博物馆。 2.C　数字计算题。间谍博物馆成人票22.95美元,6岁以下儿童免费。一对夫妇(2 张成人票)需 22.95×2=45.90 美元,故选C。 题型二　主旨大意题 标题归纳题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出,权力通常能提升员工的创造力,因为它能让人摆脱束缚。但新研究表明,缺乏权力的员工通过多次尝试“热身”后,创造力也能显著提升,从而弥补权力失衡带来的差距。 1.C　主旨大意题。文章核心是新研究发现——“无权力员工经多次‘热身’,创造力可提升,弥补权力差距”。结构为 “总(研究结论)—分(研究原因、过程)—总(研究意义)”。选项 C 包含 “权力、热身时间、创造力” 关键词,概括全文核心,最适合做标题。 B 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明,某些类人猿能够识别人类伙伴是否知晓某件事,并会通过指向隐藏食物的位置等方式主动传递信息,以改变对方的行为。 2.A　主旨大意题。第一段点明 “新研究显示,部分类人猿能识别人类伙伴的无知,并通过传递信息改变其行为”,全文围绕此展开。选项 A 概括核心,最适合做标题。 C 【语篇概述】 这篇文章主要介绍了由教师Abby Jaramillo创立的“Urban Sprouts”学校菜园项目。该项目在四所低收入学校开展,旨在通过让学生参与翻土、除草、收割等园艺活动,帮助他们培养科学技能、增强环保意识并养成健康的生活习惯。 3.C　主旨大意题。文章介绍 “Urban Sprouts 项目让低收入学校学生参与园艺,培养技能、环保意识和健康习惯,学生从不爱蔬菜变得爱吃、会种”。选项 C “越来越多的蔬菜爱好者” 贴合内容,适合做标题。 文章大意题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中回忆了自己 2012 年生病后无法回家过感恩节,之后姐妹们打电话要求与其一起过节,当时因为生病毫无过节心情的作者,最终还是接受了亲人的好心安排。亲人的团聚让作者如沐春风,也有了新的感悟。 1.C　主旨大意题。全文核心是:传统可以被改变,新的支持与过节方式依然可以带来慰藉,可知C项所述概括了文章主旨。 B 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于昆虫夜晚趋光的新发现:昆虫夜晚趋光并非被吸引,而是因为靠近人造光源时被困住了。 2.B　主旨大意题。全文核心是 “昆虫夜晚趋光并非被吸引,而是人造光源与自身进化(向最亮处飞)共同导致其被困”。选项 B 概括这一原因,符合主旨。 C 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了友谊结束(friendship breakup)的普遍性及其带来的心理冲击,并强调应以更健康的态度看待这一问题。 3.B　主旨大意题。第一段提 “友谊结束的多种情况及心理冲击”,第二段点明 “友谊结束在人生中很常见”,全文围绕此展开,可知选项 B 概括主旨。 段落大意题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过回忆童年时爬树的快乐经历,对比当下孩子们不再爬树的现象,表达了对这种童年乐趣消失的惋惜之情。 1.A　段落大意题。第二段提到 “镇上有适合爬的树,但没看到爬树的人”,并推测原因是 “被电脑游戏取代” 或 “爬树被视为有风险”。可见段落核心是 “孩子们不再爬树及可能的原因”,故选A。 B 【语篇概述】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性,并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事,以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。 2.A　段落大意题。第一段指出 “讲述世界历史不能仅靠文本(多数地区无文本),有文字社会也会用物件记录”。核心是 “如何呈现世界历史”,故选A。 C 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了麻省理工学院的工程师正在开发植物的新功能,包括取代路灯的发光植物。 3.D　段落大意题。第一段用 “城市绿化好的地区犯罪率低”“有植物的工作场所生产力高” 两个实例,说明 “绿植带来积极影响”。核心是 “绿植的好处”,故选D。 题型三　推理判断题 细节推断题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了中国科幻作家刘慈欣的成就、创作灵感来源以及其作品的特点,展现了他在科幻文学领域的影响力。 1.A　细节推断题。刘慈欣曾是发电厂计算机工程师,且其作品构想基于 “硬科学”。可推断工程师工作为他提供了技术知识,支撑作品的 “硬科学” 基础,故选A。 2.B　细节推断题。刘慈欣的小说(如《三体》《流浪地球》)虽有 “外星人入侵”“太阳系终结” 等想象,但始终保持理性,且基于 “硬科学”。这种 “理性与想象的平衡” 让他能探讨文明关系、生存规则等深层主题,故选B。 3.A　细节推断题。刘慈欣是首位获雨果奖的亚洲人、首位获阿瑟·C·克拉克奖的中国作家,且作品被奥巴马阅读。可推断作者强调这些是为了突出 “中国科幻的全球影响力获国际认可”,故选A。 B 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了巴西的一位动物眼科医生Mirza Melo受到其他医学领域同事的启发,尝试使用罗非鱼皮来治疗狗的眼部问题,并详细介绍了罗非鱼皮中的胶原蛋白在治疗中的应用及其优势。 4.D　细节推断题。罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白质量稳定,而马胎盘胶原蛋白质量受马的年龄、体重影响。可推断 “马胎盘胶原蛋白质量不稳定,难以稳定获取符合要求的”,故选D。 观点态度题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍哈佛大学的一项研究,探讨了人工智能导师在物理课程教学中的效果和优势,同时也指出了潜在的注意事项。 1.D　推理判断题。Kestin 提到 “没想到学生觉得 AI 授课更吸引人”,且 AI 不仅帮学生学更多内容,还提升参与度。可见他对 “AI 导师效果超出预期” 感到惊讶,故选D。 B 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种经济学现象——缩水式通货膨胀及其原因和影响。 2.B　观点态度题。作者既指出 “缩水式通胀对公司的必要性(维持利润、保持价格竞争力)”,也提到 “消费者会觉得被欺骗,失去信任”。态度客观,既讲好处也讲问题,故选B。 写作意图题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,围绕 “城市社区花园” 展开:首先介绍社区花园在全球城市的兴起现状;接着从 “居民社交联结”(增强邻里归属感)、“解决城市问题”(减少食物运输碳排放、净化空气)两个维度分析其价值。 1.D　写作意图题。A 选项 “介绍社区花园的历史”,原文未提及 “历史”,排除;B 选项 “鼓励人们创办社区花园”,原文仅客观分析价值,无 “行动号召”,属于过度延伸,排除;C 选项 “讨论社区花园的问题”,原文仅在第四段简要提及挑战,并非核心内容,属于细节聚焦,排除;D 选项 “解释社区花园的重要性”,与全文 “分析价值、强调意义” 的逻辑一致,符合写作意图。 B 【语篇概述】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章以作者与图书馆的深厚情感为线索,回顾了童年阅读、图书馆工作及写作生涯中图书馆的陪伴作用。作者强调图书馆在消除数字鸿沟和社会不平等中的核心价值,将其定位为“希望与机会的象征”。 2.C　写作意图题。全文强调 “图书馆免费提供信息、技术,消除数字鸿沟和社会不平等,是希望与机会的象征”,结尾强调其对社会平等的必要性。核心是 “强调图书馆的社会价值”,故选C。 文章出处题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对比智能手袋(Smart Bag)和嗅探犬的功能,探讨了自然能力与人工增强的结合。 1.C　文章出处题。排除法:A(动物训练论文)无实验数据;B(新产品广告)无促销信息;D(安全公司报告)无技术细节。文章探讨 “自然能力与人工增强的结合”,语言通俗,符合科普杂志定位,故选C。 B 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章节选自一本名为《阅读艺术:给爱书人的艺术》的书籍介绍。该书通过全球博物馆收藏的近300件艺术作品,探讨了书籍和阅读在艺术中的表现形式,并强调了在不同时代和文化中与书籍相关的人类共同体验。 2.A　文章出处题开篇点明书籍名称《阅读艺术:给爱书人的艺术》,后续介绍 “书中收录近 300 件艺术作品,探讨书籍在艺术中的表现”。语言为说明推广风格,核心是 “介绍一本书”,故选A。 题型四　意义猜测题 词义猜测题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了北县一个试点项目“农村到学校”,该项目旨在让学生了解营养和食物的来源。 1.B　词义猜测题。Alexis 每周来教孩子农业知识和新鲜农产品的来源,周三是最后一节课。可推知 “takeaway” 指孩子的 “收获”,与 “gain(收益)” 意思相近,故选B。 B 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了影碟租赁店的兴衰与转型。 2.B　词义猜测题。画线词 “obsolete” 所在句提到 “互联网和数字流媒体兴起”,后文反问 “能在线看电影,为何还去租碟”。可见影碟租赁模式已 “过时、无用”,“obsolete” 即此意,故选B。 C 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项在全球多个城市兴起的项目,旨在利用通勤时间推广文学阅读。 3.B　词义猜测题。根据上下文,“kiosks”设置在火车站,乘客可以选择故事并获取打印输出,可推断 “kiosks” 是 “小亭子、自助机器”,故选B。 句义猜测题 实战演练 A 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过科学实验验证了英语习语“to sleep on it”(暂缓决定)的实际效果。研究发现,在复杂决策中,延迟一晚再作选择的人比立即决定者表现更优。 1.C　句意猜测题。画线句前有 “In other words”,说明是对前文的解释。前文提到 “睡眠能帮人区分重要与不重要信息”,画线句则进一步说明 “睡眠帮你看大局、关注关键,不纠结细枝末节”,与前文含义一致,故选C。 B 【语篇概述】本文聚焦AI与教育的融合,先介绍AI学习工具在个性化学习、薄弱点分析等方面的优势;再强调技术无法替代人际联结,师生双向互动是有效教育的关键;最后指出教育的未来在于AI与人类教学的平衡融合——AI提供数据支持,教师主导价值观塑造与思维培养,兼顾效率与人文本质。 2.B　句意猜测题。结合画线句前 “technology is never a replacement for human connection” 及后 “where teachers guide, encourage, and inspire students beyond what algorithms can achieve” 可知,“two⁃way street” 在此处指教育需要师生之间的双向互动,B 选项正确。A 选项 “学术与实用技能”、C 选项 “AI 与传统教学结合”、D 选项 “线上线下学习” 均未紧扣 “人际互动” 的核心语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $