专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，辽宁专用）九年级英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——发明创造 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳大东区·期中） Do you often send messages to your friends? Do you like using emojis (表情符号)? Emojis like smiley faces, hearts and thumbs-up (竖大拇指) make messages more fun. Which emoji is the most popular one? Let’s find out. The first emoji came out in 1999. A Japanese artist named Shigetaka Kurita created it. His first set had 176 simple emojis. But now we have more than 3,500 different emojis. Some emojis are much more popular than others. A company called Baidu Japan studied which emojis people use most in 16 countries, including Japan, the US, the UK and France during the first half of 2025. The company found something interesting. The crying face is the most popular emoji in 12 countries. People use it to show many feelings—not just when they are sad, but also when they are proud, happy or laughing. The top emojis are similar in most countries. Crying faces and laughing faces appear again and again. But hearts are special. In many countries, people use hearts to show love for family or friends. But in Japan, hearts are usually used for romantic (浪漫的) love. We may all use emojis, but we use them in different ways. So always think twice before you send one. 1．Where was the artist who created emojis from? A．Japan. B．The US. C．The UK. D．France. 2．How many emojis were there at the very beginning? A．1999. B．176. C．3500. D．2025. 3．The most popular emoji in 12 countries is ________. A． B． C． D． 4．Why do we need to think twice before sending an emoji? A．It’s used when we are sad and happy. B．It appears again and again specially. C．It may mean differently in different places. D．It shows love for both family and friends. Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连沙河口区·期中） Bright helpers, bright ideas Students at a middle school in Finland design special “Learning Boxes” for younger kids. Each box has picture books, math games, and DIY (Do It Yourself) guides. Last week, over 200 boxes were given to first-graders with encouraging secret notes like “You’re amazing!” from the designers. “I made letter cards myself!” cheered 7-year-old Ella, holding her new box. Teachers say that the boxes help little kids study alone after school. Seed (种子) library shines Some teenagers from a Canadian middle school have started a “Seed Library” to help grow plants. They collect seeds from gardens and put them into paper bags with planting advice. “Take seeds, grow them, and return new seeds later,” said the team leader Helen. Brian planted the sunflower seeds from the library. Now his garden is filled with yellow flowers. “I’ll save the seeds for others,” he smiled. Memory collectors A group of 13-year-olds in a school of Wuhan visited some aged people last week. They recorded old stories about local festivals, foods and traditions, and then turned them into picture books. They also set up a mini-museum with old photos and handmade works. With their teachers’ help, they developed an app called “Hometown Echoes”. It can turn Wuhan dialect (方言) into Putonghua. 1．What is the main purpose of the “Learning Boxes”? A．To help kids study after school. B．To raise money for the school. C．To teach writing secret notes. D．To provide toys for children. 2．What did Helen’s team do in the “Seed Library” project? A．They sold seeds and flowers. B．They taught people to make bags. C．They collected seeds and gave advice. D．They built a garden for the school. 3．What does the underlined word “They” refer to (指代) in Paragraph 3? A．A group of 13-year-olds. B．The old people. C．The sunflower seeds. D．The learning boxes. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．New teaching tools in schools. B．Students’ smart ideas. C．Ways of protecting traditional culture. D．Learning in a library. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁抚顺顺城区·期中） On October 21st, 2024, a robot dog became a star at Mount Taishan. It carried a heavy bag on its back as it climbed the mountain’s stone steps, along the way, it used a clear voice to remind tourists to throw trash into bins and protect the mountain’s natural environment. Many visitors stopped to take photos of this hard-working “little helper”, catching many visitors’ eyes. Robots are no longer just objects in labs or exhibitions—they are stepping into people’s daily lives. As early as the autumn of 2023, two robot dogs named X30 were put to use at Zhejiang University. They helped students carry heavy school bags, easily walked through crowded campuses, and smoothly climbed up and down the stairs (楼梯) of teaching buildings, saving students a lot of trouble. The robot dogs were named X30. They have been used in many areas. They can work in freezing weather conditions. They can also work in bright light, weak light and even complete darkness, with a reach of 10 km. In recent years, the rapid growth of China’s robotics industry (机器人产业) has led to the use of robots in different areas. For example, the humanoid robots (人形机器人) are increasingly used in many industries, such as cars, computers and communications. In the car factories, humanoid robots finish tasks done only by humans. With the development of science and technology, robot products will be deeply used in the real economy (经济) in China by 2027. They will play bigger roles in more areas, from daily life to industrial production. The robot industry will have a bright future. 1．What did the robot dog do on Mount Taishan? A．It carried a heavy bag and cooked food for visitors. B．It carried a heavy bag and helped clean Mount Taishan. C．It carried a heavy bag and sold cheap water to the visitors. D．It carried a heavy bag and reminded visitors to protect the environment. 2．What can the X30 robot dogs probably be used for according to Paragraph 3? A．Helping people cook meals. B．Producing things in the factories. C．Making video calls with the elderly. D．Searching for people in dark places. 3．In which industries are humanoid robots increasingly used according to the passage? ①Cars. ②Fishing. ③Computers. ④Communications. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A Good Helper for the Elderly B．Humanoid Robots’ Importance C．Robot Dogs and Their Advantages D．Robots’ Uses and Development in China 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳铁西区·期中） From red apples to yellow bananas and green watermelons, fruits come in many different colours. Why do different kinds of fruits have so many colours? Liu Wei, a scientist from China, explains that fruit colours actually come from their different pigments (色素). How many pigments appear depends on where they grow. Therefore, the environment plays an important role in fruit colours. To find out how the environment influences fruit colours, Chinese scientists studied more than 280 different fruit colours, including white, red, blue, purple and black. They found that red fruits prefer to grow in cooler places, while blue and purple fruits mostly grow in warmer places. Animals have also had an influence on the evolution of fruit colours. Animals eat fruits and later drop the seeds in other places. This helps the fruits spread and grow in different places. In order to catch animals’ attention, some fruits develop colours that are easy for them to see. However, animals see colours in a different way. Fruits need to develop colours that fit what animals can see. For example, birds can see red more easily than humans can. As a result, there are more red fruits in areas where birds live. Some monkeys are red-green colour-blind, so yellow fruits can be found in their habitats (栖息地), as they can easily see this colour. 1．What colour fruits prefer to grow in warmer places according to the text? A．White. B．Red. C．Purple. D．Black. 2．What does the underlined word “evolution” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Important protection and care. B．Simple copying and following. C．Slow change and development. D．Sudden loss and disappearance. 3．Why are yellow fruits common where colour-blind monkeys live? A．Because monkeys can see yellow easily. B．Because monkeys like yellow fruits best. C．Because yellow is a very pleasant colour. D．Because yellow fruits are good for monkeys. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Fruits are quite important for animal diets. B．Environment and animals shape fruit colors. C．Animals see colors differently from humans. D．Scientists have discovered many fruit colors. Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁葫芦岛龙港区·期中） Traditionally, we take the subway with our subway cards or by scanning QR codes (扫描二维码) on our smartphones. But now people traveling on the Beijing Daxing Airport subway have a new way to take a ride—they can scan their palms (手掌). To enjoy the service, people need to register (登记) their palm prints on machines in subway stations along the Daxing Airport subway line. Then they have to start the palm-scanning function (功能) on their smartphones. Once they do this, they can scan their palms at ticket gates to pass through. After they finish the travel, the payment service on their smartphones will pay the money for their ride. Many people welcome the new technology. They think it helps them to travel faster and more easily. They don’t have to take out their subway cards or smartphones when they want to pass through the ticket gates. And they no longer have to worry when they forget their subway cards or when their smartphones run out of battery. What’s more, the palm-scanning technology is very friendly to old people and those who have special needs. Those people may not use smartphones well. This technology makes it possible for them to take the subway without using smartphones. Besides Beijing, the palm-scanning technology is also in service in the subway stations of Shenzhen. And there are hopes that it can be used in more places like stores and restaurants in the future. 1．What’s the correct order to enjoy the palm-scanning service? ①register his palm prints ②scan his palm at the ticket gate ③start the palm-scanning function A．①②③ B．①③② C．③②① D．②①③ 2．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The uses of the palm-scanning technology. B．The rules of the palm-scanning technology. C．The history of the palm-scanning technology. D．The advantages of the palm-scanning technology. 3．What can we infer about the new way of taking the subway from the text? A．It’s only popular among young people. B．It’s more expensive than the traditional ways. C．It’s especially helpful for people without smartphones. D．It’s only widely used by the people who live in Beijing now. 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards this new technology? A．Nervous. B．Worried. C．Hopeful. D．Serious. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁盘锦兴隆台区·期中） Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let’s discover the science behind sunlight. Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical-melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals. However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in winter. People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time. The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above. For example, your body produces Vitamin D from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, “Why do we love sunshine?” 1．Which of the following can take the place of “are exposed to” in Paragraph 2? A．dream of B．care about C．stay in D．depend on 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．What can help people to keep in good spirits. B．Which chemical is thought to be more important. C．Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep. D．How light influences people through chemicals. 3．Which of the following is a suggestion according to the text? A．There are places where it gets dark for a long time in winter. B．People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine. C．The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day. D．People’s bodies produce something called Vitamin D from sunlight. 4．Why is the sentence “Why do we love sunshine?” written in the last paragraph? A．To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight. B．To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time. C．To expect readers to realize the importance of Vitamin D．To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air. 主题03 人与自我——健康生活 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳大东区·期中） Relaxing and creative hobbies like knitting (编织), gardening, bird-watching and drawing are sometimes called “grandma hobbies”. In the past, these activities were mostly done by older women. But today, people of all ages enjoy them—and not just for fun! These hobbies can actually benefit both our mind and body. Emma Palmer-Cooper, a psychologist (心理学家) from the UK, says that having small goals, like learning a new hobby or finishing a project, gives us a sense of purpose. When we reach those goals, we feel happy and proud. This helps improve our mental (精神的) health. Science backs this up. A study from Princeton University found that gardening brings people the same joy as eating at a restaurant or going for a walk. Another study from Kansas State University showed that gardening helps older adults feel better about themselves. Bird-watching is another great activity. A study found that seeing or hearing birds can improve our mood (心情), even if we’re feeling down. Drawing is also a fun and creative way to enhance our mental health. Research has shown that just 10 minutes of drawing a day can lift our mood. And if we keep doing it for a month, the effects are even stronger. These hobbies also keep our brain healthy. When we learn something new, like knitting, our brain becomes more active. This helps improve our memory and focus. Whether it’s gardening, drawing or watching birds, it could be your new favourite way to relax—and feel great 1．How is the present situation of hobbies like knitting and gardening introduced? A．By telling a story of grandmas. B．By listing numbers. C．By comparing with the past. D．By giving examples. 2．What does the writer tell us in the second and third paragraphs? A．The study of physical and mental health. B．The benefits of some hobbies to people. C．The importance of having a small goal. D．The joy of older adults’ everyday lives. 3．The underlined word “enhance” has the similar meaning with ________. A．push B．move C．repair D．improve 4．Which can be the best title of the text? A．Feel great by drawing and knitting B．Take a chance to learn something C．Let’s start watching birds to relax D．Why not try a “grandma hobby” Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁丹东东港市·期中） ①Do you often hear birdsong outside the window? How do you feel when you hear it? In fact, it is shown that birdsong can influence people’s life. ②Birdsong sounds especially nice in winter because it reminds people of spring. A study found that listening to birdsong for six minutes can help cut down people’s stress. It’s hard to feel sad when you hear birds singing or talking, as the energy in their songs makes people feel like walking in the garden. Different from music, which can sometimes make you produce strong feelings, birdsong can usually make you calm and peaceful. ③Another influence is that birdsong can help people improve focus (专注) . It can help people focus on their tasks and work faster. That’s because when people play birdsong in the background at work, it helps to build a “wall” to help them stay away from the unpleasant noise outside. In this way, birdsong can be a powerful tool to improve at work. ④Carrie Tom, a doctor in North Carolina, has also found that birdsong makes it easier to help people enter a deep sleep. Birdsong, as a kind of white noise, can slow down people’s heartbeats and breath. After listening to birdsong for a long time, a conditioned response (条件反射) is developed in their brains. So birdsong becomes a sign of entering sleep, which helps them fall asleep faster than before and improve their sleep quality (质量). ⑤Birdsong, a gift from nature, connects people with calmer, more natural settings and makes people feel happier and healthier. So, next time you hear a bird singing, spend a moment to enjoy its beautiful melody (旋律) and let it bring a little joy to your day! 1．According to Paragraph 2, birdsong may bring people ________. A．strong feelings B．less stress C．much energy D．more tasks 2．What does “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Focus. B．Work. C．Birdsong. D．Noise. 3．According to the text, birdsong is helpful to the people who ________. A．have problems sleeping B．live in the countryside C．like loud and electronic music D．can focus on tasks easily 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the text? A．To describe the sound of birdsong. B．To discuss the scientific studies on birdsong. C．To explain how birdsong improve people’s health. D．To encourage people to enjoy birdsong more often. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁葫芦岛·期中） In ancient China, people enjoyed many sports that were both fun and good for health. Many of these sports are still popular today. One famous sport was Cuju, an early form of football, which was first recorded 2,000 years ago. The game used a ball filled with feathers (羽毛) or hair. Players had to kick the ball without using their hands. Cuju wasn’t just for fun. It was also used for army training. Soldiers (士兵) played it to become stronger and work better as a team. Even emperors enjoyed watching Cuju matches! Archery (射箭) was another popular sport. It was not just a sport but also an important skill for soldiers. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, archery was part of education for a gentleman. Confucius, the great teacher, even included it in his “Six Arts” that every gentleman should master. Wushu, such as Tai chi, was also common. More than just fighting skills, it paid more attention to the balance (平衡) between body and mind. Through movies, wushu has become popular all over the world. It helps share Chinese culture with the world. These ancient sports show the spirit of Chinese culture. They remind us that staying active has always been an important part of life. 1．Which ancient sport did Confucius think was important? A．Cuju. B．Archery. C．Wushu. D．Tai chi. 2．The ancient soldiers played Cuju ________. A．for fun B．for education C．for training D．for the emperor’s prize 3．How do foreigners know about Wushu according to Paragraph 4? A．By watching films. B．By reading books. C．By visiting China. D．By learning Chinese. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．The ancient Chinese sports. B．A famous Chinese teacher. C．The spirit of Chinese culture. D．The training of Chinese army. 主题04 人与社会——传统文化 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁鞍山铁东区·期中） Every year in China, there is always a special time. During this time, all railway stations, bus stations and airports are very busy. Though some people work far away from their hometown, they still hurriedly go back to their hometown. They hope to get together with their parents and family members. During this time, Chinese people celebrate their most important festival—the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival. It is also the most important and enjoyable one. It marks the end of the previous year and the beginning of the new year. According to historical records, the Spring Festival has been in China for thousands of years. The Spring Festival starts from the first day in the lunar calendar, and is the most important holiday in China. Days before the Spring Festival, Chinese people are busy preparing for the New Year. They clean their houses, have their hair cut, and buy new clothes. In the evening before the Spring Festival, families get together and have a big meal. Jiaozi is the most popular. Children like the festival very much, because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes. They can also get lucky money from their parents. This money is for good luck. The Spring Festival lasts for about 15 days. People visit relatives and friends and say to each other “Happy New Year”. People enjoy the Spring Festival. During this time they can have a wonderful time and have a good rest. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By telling a story.    B．By asking a question.   C．By describing a fact.    D．By doing research. 2．What do the underlined words “the previous year” mean in the text? A．The last year. B．The next year. C．The year before the last year. D．The year after the next year. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The history of the Spring Festival. B．The development of the Spring Festival. C．Different opinions on the Spring Festival. D．The things people do in the Spring Festival. 4．What do we know about the Spring Festival? A．It usually lasts for a month. B．It has a history of one thousand years. C．It is the most important traditional Chinese festival. D．People are too busy and tired to have fun during the festival. Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁丹东凤城市·期中） You may think you cannot live through summer without electric fans. But in ancient China, hand fans were almost the only ones to help people keep cool. There are many types of hand fans with different uses. Chinese people started to use hand fans over two thousand years ago. The fans came in different shapes, such as round and square. They were also made of all kinds of materials. The ancient round fans have different shapes which are made according to their own preferences. Palm (棕榈) leaf fans were not expensive and not difficult to make even most people can have. Feather fans once could be used only by a few people who had wealth and had power. Sandalwood fans could send out a sweet smell that let people like them. Later, hand fans became far more than just something that could cool you down. They developed into artworks in which tuanshan (round fans) and zheshan (folded fans) were the most common. In the shape of a full moon, tuanshan were usually made of silk. They had beautiful birds and flowers on them. Women, especially those in the imperial palace, liked using them. Meanwhile, men, especially the poets, used zheshan. The poets liked them because zheshan was usually made of paper and they could paint and write poems on them. It was a way for them to demonstrate their ability in literature painting and handwriting. Almost anything can be painted on zheshan. A small fan can show its unique charm in the hand and has played an important role in Chinese traditional art for thousands of years. Today Chinese people still use these fans. Fans come in many shapes and materials including plastic, cloth and so on. According to different usage, we invent electric fans which can be carried around and are more convenient to use. 1．Why does the author mention electric fans at the start? A．To lead into the main subject. B．To explain how they work. C．To tell a story about them. D．To show they are better. 2．Which of the following fans was only used by rich people in ancient times? A．Palm leaf fans. B．Feather fans. C．Sandalwood fans. D．cloth fans. 3．What does the underlined word “demonstrate” mean? A．Bring out. B．Point out. C．Show off. D．Hold up. 4．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)? A．Tuanshan (round fans). B．Beautiful birds and flowers. C．Artworks. D．Women in the imperial palace. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁丹东振兴区·期中） We know many musical instruments (器械) well, such as pianos, violins, drums and so on. What about the erhu? The erhu is a traditional Chinese instrument. It is the most popular of the huqin family, and it has a long history. The modern erhu developed from the Xiqin, which was played by many ethnic minorities (少数民族) during the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, musicians began to use the erhu to perform different kinds of music, and it became quite a popular instrument. With the rise of some forms of folk art, the art of the erhu developed quickly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It became an important accompanying (伴奏) instrument in different folk music. At present, it is used in both traditional and modern music, such as in pop, rock and jazz. It has even become a solo (独奏) instrument. One of the most famous musical pieces played on the erhu is Erquan Yingyue. As the erhu was mainly played by common people and the playing skills were passed down orally, there are few written records about the erhu that can be found. To study the history and the development of the erhu, historians usually turn to ancient paintings. The earliest pictures of this instrument were found in Yulin Caves and Eastern Thousand Buddha Caves in Gansu Province, where five erhu pictures were discovered on murals (壁画). 1．When did the erhu become a popular instrument? A．In the Tang Dynasty. B．In the Song Dynasty. C．In the Ming Dynasty. D．In recent years. 2．To study the history of the erhu, historians usually ________. A．play the most famous erhu pieces B．listen to different kinds of folk music C．get help from ancient paintings D．read some books about ethnic minorities 3．You may read the passage in the ________ section of a newspaper. A．culture B．business C．health D．nature 4．The passage mainly talks about ________. A．the forms of folk music B．the history of the erhu C．the rise of different dynasties D．the development of Chinese instruments 主题05 人与社会——日常生活 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳沈北新区·期中） Nowadays, China’s tourism market is changing quietly. More and more tourists no longer stick to long and tiring trips to faraway places. Instead, they choose short trips near their homes now! This is because they want to experience local life, not rush through sightseeing. Experts see this as a fashion for slower, deeper travel experiences. Lin Keya from Urumqi, Xinjiang, spent a few days in a village nearby for the National Day holiday last year. It only took her two hours to drive there. In the morning, clear bird calls came through the window and woke her up. At night, bright moonlight covered the farmyard. With soft insect sounds from far away, she slept very well. “This natural place is like a pair of gentle hands. It eases the tiredness in my heart.” Another traveler, Ms. Peng, made a trip with her family from Guiyang to Leshan. Both cities are located in Southwest China. She said busy sightseeing tours only touch the surface—what truly attracts (吸引) people now is deep trips. “Spending less time on the road gave us more time to enjoy the place,” said Peng. This trend (趋势) is growing because China is developing its high-speed rail network. It now covers over 46,000 kilometers and connects over 96 percent of cities with more than 500,000 people, reported China Daily. High-speed trains give many travelers, especially elderly ones, relaxing trips, and they can easily enjoy the scenery along the way and the beauty of their destinations. 1．More Chinese travelers choose shorter trips close to home in order to ________. A．save money B．avoid traveling far C．enjoy local life deeply D．save time for long trips 2．How did Lin Keya feel about her trip to the village? A．Relaxed. B．Tired. C．Bored. D．Excited. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Ms. Peng lives in Guiyang, far away from Leshan. B．Most people like spending more time on busy sightseeing. C．The development of high-speed rail helps the trend of shorter trips grow. D．The more cities are connected with the railway, the fewer young travelers will be. 4．Why does the text mention Lin Keya and Ms. Peng? A．To show how people plan trips. B．To give examples of the travel trend. C．To talk about their favorite cities. D．To explain why high-speed rail is popular. Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连金普新区·阶段检测） Rules are everywhere! They tell us how to behave (行为). When we were kids, our parents told us to “be polite and honest”. At school, we should always “arrive on time” and “raise our hand to speak.” There are even rules for having fun—every sport has rules. But some rules develop over time and vary (变化) across countries, such as traffic rules. In 1868, the first traffic lights appeared in England. Later, in 1914, the first electric traffic lights were introduced in the United States. These developments helped establish (建立) traffic rules to manage the growing number of cars. By the early 20th century, driving rules became more common and widely followed. In most countries, such as China, Germany and Canada, people drive on the right-hand side of the road. In other countries, such as the UK, Australia and India, people drive on the left. However, the aim (目标) of traffic rules is the same everywhere: to keep people safe and the traffic moving. Can you imagine a world without rules? Surely it will be difficult and dangerous for everyone. To stay safe, we should follow the rules. 1．Rules are everywhere because _________. A．they arrive on time B．they tell us to be polite and honest C．they tell us how to behave D．they can do sports better 2．Why did traffic rules become more common in the early 20th century? A．Because parents asked children to follow traffic rules. B．Because electric traffic lights were invented in England. C．Because the number of cars was growing. D．Because more countries began to make traffic rules. 3．In which countries, people drive on the left-hand side? A．Germany and Canada. B．Australia and Germany. C．Canada and the UK. D．The UK and India. 4．What is the purpose of traffic rules around the world? A．To help more people buy cars. B．To be polite and honest. C．To keep people safe and traffic moving. D．To show the development of countries. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁本溪·期中） Chinese animated film Nobody《浪浪山小妖怪》 has become a dark horse sweeping the box office this summer. After 29 days, it had made over 1.4 billion yuan. Many people love it, giving it a high score of 8.6 out of 10 on Douban, a famous review website. The story follows a small pig monster who lives in a place called Langlang Mountain. He works hard for the Cave King, but doesn’t know how to please the king and makes him angry. After losing his job, he decides to leave the mountain and teams up with three other small and nameless monsters. Together, they pretend (假装) to be the famous group from Journey to the West and start a dangerous journey to grow and find their true selves. The film touches hearts because it shows the hardship (艰辛) of common people. The little monsters face big challenges and laugh at difficulties. Even though they are weak, they fight bravely. Many viewers (观众) say they see themselves in these characters, especially when they feel frustrated or stuck in hard situations. Nobody also stands out for its beautiful art style. Made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio, it uses traditional Chinese painting skills. The soft colors of ink-wash paintings and detailed brushwork create a special, dreamlike world. Scenes like foggy mountains or the fur on the monsters look very real and artistic. The movie shows respect for Chinese culture, too. For example, it references (参考) the classic 1986 TV show Journey to the West and ancient buildings from Shanxi Province. These small details make the story feel both old and new. Nobody is more than just a movie. It shows that Chinese stories can be told in fresh, exciting ways. As one viewer said, “The real hero is someone who keeps trying, even when things are tough.” This simple but powerful message makes Nobody a must-watch for everyone. 1．According to the text, how many small monsters are there in the film? A．Three. B．One. C．Two. D．Four. 2．What does the underlined word “frustrated” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．uncomfortable B．upset C．successful D．confident 3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the film’s success? A．Art style. B．Chinese culture. C．A high score. D．Characters like us. 4．What can we learn from Nobody? A．Only a strong person can be a hero. B．Giving up is the best choice. C．Keeping trying makes a real hero. D．Famous stories are always better. 主题06 人与社会——著名人物 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连中山区·期中） 1 British scientist Jane Goodall, known for her pioneering studies of chimpanzees (黑猩猩) passed away on Oct 1 at the age of 91. A post on the Jane Goodall Institute’s Instagram page said she died of natural causes while on a speaking tour in the US. 2 Born in England in 1934, Goodall had a natural love for wild animals and dreamed of working with them in Africa. In July 1960, aged 26, Goodall finally traveled to Tanzania and entered the little-known world of wild chimpanzees. Over the next 60 years, Goodall’s research changed how people understand human relationships with chimpanzees and introduced a new way to study wildlife. 3 Goodall’s research was pioneering because she lived closely with wild chimpanzee groups to learn about their social lives. She gave names to each chimp and formed close relationships with them, learning how similar they were to us. She saw that chimpanzees have complex (复杂的) social lives and different personalities (性格), such as being shy or outgoing. 4 Two of Goodall’s most important discoveries came in 1960. That year, she saw a group of chimpanzees eating red meat, challenging the old idea that chimps only ate plants. She also saw something even more surprising—a male (雄性的) chimpanzee making and using tools. This finding changed the long-held idea that humans are the only animals that use tools. Since then, scientists have found evidence (证据) of tool use in many parts of the animal world. 5 Besides her research, Goodall traveled the world to speak about the dangers facing chimpanzees and the environmental challenges facing Earth, encouraging people to take action for all living things and the planet we share.“The least I can do is speak out for those who cannot speak for themselves,” Goodall told National Geographic magazine. 1．Jane Goodall was ________ years old when she started her studying chimpanzees in Tanzania. A．91 B．60 C．26 D．18 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．How Jane Goodall’s pioneering research was done. B．Where Jane Goodall found wild chimpanzee groups. C．Why Jane Goodall loved wild animals from a young age. D．What Jane Goodall discovered about chimpanzees’ eating habits. 3．What important finding of Jane Goodall changed the idea that humans are the only tool-users? A．Chimpanzees have complex social lives. B．Chimpanzees sometimes eat red meat. C．Chimpanzees have different personalities. D．A male chimpanzee made and used tools. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Chimpanzees in Africa B．Giving nature a voice C．Better late than never D．Jane Goodall’s travels around the world Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁锦州凌海市·期中） Zhu Xi, a famous Chinese educator in ancient times, created the “step-by-step” learning method (方法). This method encourages learners to study step by step, starting with simple topics and then moving to more difficult ones. Zhu believed that fully learning one topic before moving to the next was key to success. For example, in math, students should first learn basic arithmetic (基本算术) before studying formulas. This method has clear advantages (优点). First, it helps build a strong base of knowledge. By paying attention to basic knowledge, learners can understand and accept new knowledge faster and better. Second, it teaches learners to be patient as they learn. Slow learning trains students to stay focused (专心的) and not to rush. However, the method also has disadvantages. Some learners might find it too slow, especially those who want to make faster progress. Also, strictly following a fixed learning order can sometimes make learners less creative. Zhu’s learning method works well in subjects where ideas build on each other, like math, language, and science. For example, in language learning, understanding grammar rules before reading long texts is necessary. However, teachers and students should change the learning method properly to meet their needs. If a student feels ready to move faster, he can do so. As Zhu Xi stressed, leaning should be like climbing a mountain-step by step, but with flexibility (灵活性). By mixing knowledge, practice, and a clear plan, Zhu’s learning method remains useful today. It reminds us that success often comes from continuous learning and practice. 1．What’s the key to success according to Zhu Xi? A．Learning as fast as possible. B．Focusing on difficult learning materials. C．Mastering one topic completely then move to the next. D．Learning basic arithmetic before studying formulas. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．The advantage of Zhu Xi’s method. B．The successful learner. C．The importance of basic knowledge. D．The “step-by-step” learning method. 3．Which of the following is a disadvantage of Zhu’s learning method? A．It teaches learners to be patient. B．Some learners may find it too slow. C．Learners can be more creative. D．It makes learners understand new knowledge faster. 4．“Step-by-step” learning method works well in ________ according to the text. ①history ②math ③English ④science A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ 主题07 人与社会——文学、文化、教育 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳浑南区·期中） Three talented ancient Chinese women Li Qingzhao, a famous Song dynasty poet, was known for her works showing her joyful early marriage and later loneliness after her husband’s death. She also expressed patriotism by praising heroes and criticizing weak rulers. Ban Zhao, the first woman historian in China, completed Han Shu and authored Nü Jie, a guide for women’s behavior. She was also skilled in writing poems. She was remembered as Cao Dagu for her knowledge and taught royalty. Xue Tao, a Tang Dynasty talent, invented colorful writing paper called Xue Tao jian. Xue was talented in poetry and music. Her poems expressed personal feelings and sympathy for soldiers. 1．What was the theme (主题) of Li Qingzhao’s poems after losing her husband? A．Beauty of wonderful nature. B．Feeling sorry for brave soldiers. C．Busy and happy life experiences. D．Loneliness and love for her lover. 2．What did Xue Tao create for writing poems? A．A new type of ink. B．Colorful writing paper. C．A musical instrument. D．A good writing brush. 3．What do the three women have in common? A．They all worked as royal teachers. B．They were all good at writing poems. C．They were famous as great historians. D．They were all born in the Song Dynasty. 4．In which section (版面) of a magazine may this text appear? A．Science. B．Fashion. C．Culture. D．Health. Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁本溪·期中） Li Fang is an engineer during the day, but in the evening, she becomes a student at a night school in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. She is trying new hobbies with her 4-year-old daughter, including art and jazz dance. She used to spend evenings watching her daughter play in the park. Now, she can experience new things together with her daughter at a night school. A growing number of Chinese people go to night schools. They can get colourful courses from dancing and sports to wine tasting. These courses usually cost hardly anything. They have become popular among young people who want to look for new skills, hobbies and friends. In the 1980s, many people studied at night schools for middle school courses. However, night schools disappeared because of the popularization (普及) of higher education. The latest fashion came to Shanghai last autumn, when more than 650,000 people competed for 10,000 places at the city’s night schools. Night schools have also rapidly appeared in other cities. Miss Wang in Wuhan thinks night schools are good places to make friends. “I used to spend much of my time alone. Since I went to night school, I have felt more connected with modern society. Besides, chatting to people with similar hobbies is a lot of fun,” she said. Young people strongly wish to improve themselves and make their cultural lives colourful. That has made night schools popular. 1．Before attending the night school, what did Li Fang usually do in the evening? A．She watched her daughter play. B．She experienced new hobbies. C．She tried new things. D．She learned jazz dance. 2．How much does it cost if young people go to night schools? A．A little. B．Much. C．Little or nothing. D．Too much. 3．What does Miss Wang think of night schools? A．They are good places to learn middle school courses. B．They are good places to spend time alone. C．They are good places to chat with interesting people. D．They are good places to connect with modern society. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Night schools will disappear because of higher education. B．Night schools will provide fewer courses for young people. C．Night schools will cost young people more money. D．Night schools will attract more young people. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁葫芦岛·期中） You learn new words every day. Have you ever wondered how the English language got so many words and different spellings? Or why do some words with the same spelling sound so different? There are only twenty-six letters in English, but the language has over a million words. Why is that? This is partly because those 26 letters create 44 sounds, and those 44 sounds have 256 different spelling choices! Most of English words are formed from old Latin roots (拉丁语词根). For example, the Latin root audio, meaning to hear, has created hundreds of English words. And many English words come from Greek, too. The Greek root graph, meaning to write or to draw, has given English many words like photograph and geography. Greek and Latin are not the only reason for the different words and spellings. English has “borrowed” words from many other languages. The pronunciations of these words are very similar to the original (原始的) ones. For example, chow mein from Chinese, confetti from Italian, and chauffeur from French. These are just a few examples of the “borrowed” words in English. Finding the source (来源) of words will help you to understand why sounds are spelled differently. As an example, the word ship and sugar both have sh sound, but they are spelled differently. It’s because ship came from the German word schiff and sugar was from Indian word carkara. Different sources make them have different spellings with the same sound. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic (主题) in Paragraph 1? A．By giving examples. B．By telling stories. C．By asking questions. D．By making conversations. 2．The underlined word chow mein may sound like ________ in Chinese. A．Chao mian B．Mi xian C．Hun dun D．Tang yuan 3．Which language do most English words come from? A．Greek. B．Latin. C．Italian. D．French. 4．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．There are 256 words in English. B．The Latin root audio means to write. C．All the English words are borrowed. D．The sources of ship and sugar are different. 主题01 人与社会——发明创造 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳铁西区·期中） ①Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only curious.” The greatest inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity (好奇). ②Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He tried to find out all about it. For example, he flew a kite during a storm. His curiosity led him to invent the lighting rod. This invention protects buildings from lighting. ③Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”! He lost his life while testing this invention. Although he failed, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People learnt from his example, and created safer ways to explore space. ④But curiosity is more than just doing dangerous things. It also drives people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? He spent years studying the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China’s first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues to influence scientists today. ⑤As Jacques Cousteau said, “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world. 1．Why is Albert Einstein’s saying mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To show that he was not proud. B．To introduce the topic of curiosity. C．To explain the reason for his success. D．To compare him with other scientists. 2．Whose invention is still used today according to the text? A．Wan Hu’s. B．Jacques Cousteau’s. C．Zhang Heng’s. D．Benjamin Franklin’s. 3．Which is the topic sentence of Paragraph 4? A．How did everything in the world move? B．Zhang Heng was curious about the world. C．Curiosity also drives people towards certain goals. D．Curiosity is more than just doing dangerous things. 4．How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph 1,②=Paragraph 2…) A． B． C． D． Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连中山区·期中） Getting it just right Pull-ups (引体向上) are one of the most common exercises. But they’re hard to do in the right way. Recently, three junior middle school students from Beijing made a monitor (监测器) to help people do pull-ups better. They won the first prize for their work in the 44th Beijing Youth Science Creation Competition in March. The three are from different schools in Beijing. Their shared interest in programming (编程) brought them together in a class at a science museum.“Each of us was good at different parts of programming, so we decided to take part in the competition as a team,” said 13-year-old Zhang Luotu, the team leader. “Many classmates were doing pull-ups in the wrong way without realizing they could get hurt,” said Zhang.“So we made this to help.” The monitor has two parts—two small sensors (传感器) and a pair of gloves. First, users put the sensors on their arms. While doing pull-ups, the sensors measure (测量) the electrical signals from each arm. The monitor then checks if the numbers match. If not, the gloves shine a red light. This can help people know they do pull-ups in the wrong way. “Pull-ups are a common PE test in many places, but we think they should be more than that,” Zhang said.“They are a great exercise and we should try to do them in the right way.” 1．What did the three students make to win the first prize in the competition? A．A monitor.     B．A web page. C．A robot. D．A PE exercise. 2．According to Zhang Luotu, why did they decide to work as a team? A．Because they all went to the same school. B．Because their teacher asked them to work together. C．Because they had the same interests in both study and life. D．Because each of them was good at different parts of programming. 3．What does the pull-up monitor do to show that people do pull-ups in the wrong way? A．It makes a loud sound. B．The gloves shine a red light. C．It stops working immediately. D．The sensors send messages to teachers. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Ways to do pull-ups correctly. B．The importance of pull-ups in PE tests. C．Three students’ invention that can help with pull-ups. D．The benefits of the science creation competitions for young people. Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁盘锦大洼区·期中） Early in the morning, everybody is in a hurry, but the roads are very busy. Can we take an air taxi to go from one place to another? The Chinese company EHang says that this may not be very far away. Its EH216-S is an electric aircraft (电动飞行器). In 2023, the aircraft had an official permit (官方许可证) to fly people without a pilot. EH216-S can carry two people. It can fly 130 kilometers every hour. This is much faster than taxis on the road. And it can take off from and land at any flat (平坦的) place, such as the top of a building or the square in a park. To make the passengers safe, new technologies are used in the aircraft. The aircraft has 16 propellers (螺旋桨). If some of them break, others can still work to make the aircraft fly safely. It can check its “health” by itself. For example, if a bird hits it, it will find out whether it should go on flying or land at a safe place near there. AI helps set a few routes before flying. If there is something happening on one route, the aircraft will choose another. Of course, the aircraft must go through full safety and technological tests before it can truly be used. And the government must make rules to better control the fast-growing industry (行业). 1．What is EH216-S? A．An electric aircraft. B．A car. C．A train. D．A ship. 2．How many people can EH216-S carry? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What can EH216-S do to keep passengers safe? A．It can fly faster than road taxis. B．It needs a pilot to control it. C．It can check its own “health” by itself. D．It can take off from the top of a building. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．A New Kind of Taxi on the Road B．The History of Electric Aircraft C．How to Solve Traffic Problems D．The Coming Air Taxi—EH216-S 主题02 人与社会——科普 Passage 1 （23-24九年级上·辽宁丹东振兴区·期末） Many people dream of traveling into outer space. However, spending too much time in space may cause health problems. That’s why astronauts shouldn’t spend more than six months on the International Space Station (ISS) at a time. Muscle (肌肉) and bone loss(骨质损失). In a weightless environment, astronauts don’t need to use their muscles to support themselves. So their muscles start shrinking (萎缩). To keep their muscles strong, astronauts need to exercise for about two hours each day on the ISS. Sleep disorder (紊乱). In space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle (循环) when they sleep. Also, they need to sleep in a sleeping bag that is fixed to a wall. It is uncomfortable. Now astronauts have individual (单独的) sleeping pods (睡眠舱) that help shut out some of the light. Still, studies have found that most astronauts only sleep about six hours each night, even though they should have eight and a half hours. Brain changes. Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during spaceflight. This can influence how the brain deals with how we see, stay balanced (平衡) and move around. That’s why some astronauts can’t control their movement and balance after returning to Earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights. But they still need to do more research. 1．When astronauts don’t use their muscles in space, _______. A．they should eat much meat B．their muscles start shrinking C．they need to exercise all day D．they can’t support themselves 2．Astronauts can’t sleep well mainly because of _______. A．the weight B．the temperature C．the light D．the air 3．An astronaut can’t control his movement because _______. A．his muscle shrinks B．he can’t sleep well C．he doesn’t have any research D．the position of his brain changes 4．How is the text organized?(①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2 ...) A． B． C． D． Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁锦州太和区·期中） P1  People often set many alarms to wake themselves up for fear of oversleeping. However, this can be bad for one’s health because it makes sleep quality poorer according to Brandon Peters, a doctor from Virginia Mason Franciscan Health in Seattle, the US. P2  A good sleep happens in cycles (周期), according to Medical News Today. Each cycle has four stages. During stage one, we go into a light sleep. Our body relaxes and our heartbeat (心跳) slows. As we fall deeper into sleep, stage two begins. Our eyes stop moving and our body temperature drops. Then comes the third stage which is the deepest sleep and also the hardest for people to wake up from. Last is the fourth stage, known as rapid eye movement sleep, or REM sleep. Our eyes move rapidly from side to side during this stage. At the same time, our breathing picks up and our heartbeat rises. P3  REM sleep is very important because most of our dreams take place during it. This allows our brain to process emotions (情绪，情感). REM sleep also helps the brain turn the new knowledge learned during the day into memories. “When we get enough REM sleep, it is easier to focus on studying the next day,” said the National Sleep Foundation of the US. P4  Since REM sleep mostly takes place in the last hours of a night’s sleep, it is a bad idea to disrupt it with alarms ringing one after another. “My general advice is that you set one alarm,” said Alicia Roth at the Cleveland Clinic in the US. She also suggested that people try alarms that use light, not sound, to wake up, according to CNN. 1．What’s the RIGHT order of the sleeping stages? a. A sleep in which people’s body temperature drops. b. A light sleep. c. REM sleep. d. The deepest sleep and also the hardest for people to wake up. A．b-a-d-c B．a-b-c-d C．b-d-c-a D．a-b-d-c 2．Which is Not true according to the text? A．Most of our dreams take place during REM sleep. B．A good sleep happens in cycles and each cycle has four stages. C．During stage three, our eyes stop moving and our body temperature drops. D．It is not good to disturb it with alarms ringing one after another during REM sleep. 3．How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph1, ②=Paragraph2, ...) A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “disrupt” mean in Chinese? A．提醒 B．扰乱 C．继续 D．记得 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁营口一中·期中） The Yarlung Zangbo River, China’s longest plateau (高原) river, is the most important waterway in Tibet. Starting from the Jima Yangzong Glacier on the Himalayas’ northern side, it runs through several Tibetan places. Then it heads south, finally flowing into the Indian Ocean. In China, it runs about 2,057 kilometers and holds lots of water. In Tibet, the river helps farmers grow crops and also creates a huge, deep canyon (峡谷) near Nyingchi City, which is known as the world’s deepest canyon. This area is home to many protected animals. On July 19, 2025, China started building a new hydroelectric project (水利工程) which will use the river’s fast-flowing water to make electricity. Workers will build five small dams connected by long tunnels (隧道) underground. These tunnels will carry water from high places to lower places, using the river’s natural drop of almost 2,200 meters to drive machines. With a cost of 1.2 trillion yuan, the project will take many years to complete. Once finished, it will produce enough electricity for millions of homes. And there are some key facts showing how people can use nature’s power without hurting the environment. Smart Design: Engineers make the water drop 2,200 meters over just 50 km to create strong power. Helping Nature: Special paths for fish will be built, and enough water will flow downstream to protect animals and plants. Better Lives: It brings jobs for 200,000 people and gives Tibet 20 billion yuan each year for schools, roads, and hospitals. 1．Which is the correct order of the Yarlung Zangbo River’s journey? ①Reaches the Indian Ocean. ②Goes across Tibetan areas. ③Turns south close to Nyingchi. ④Comes from Jima Yangzong Glacier. A．④→③→②→① B．①→④→②→③ C．④→②→③→① D．②→④→①→③ 2．How does the project make power? A．Build tunnels above ground. B．Water falls down to run machines. C．Connect machines to slow water. D．Dig tunnels to transport animals. 3．What can we know about the project’s design? A．It will harm the canyon’s depth. B．It focuses only on making electricity cheaply. C．It changes the river’s natural flow completely. D．It balances power needs and nature protection. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Start of the Yarlung Zangbo River. B．The World’s Deepest Canyon in Tibet. C．How to Protect the Environment in Tibet. D．A Green Hydroelectric Project on the Yarlung Zangbo River. 主题03 人与社会——传统文化 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁锦州凌海市·期中） Wufangzhai is a famous brand of zongzi and it has a long history in China. Started in 1921, Wufangzhai was once a small workshop in Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Now it has over 400 shops in many big cities across China. And it makes over 1.8 million zongzi each day during the Dragon Boat Festival. The meat zongzi is the most popular in Wufangzhai. It tastes good, but it’s not plain to make a meat zongzi. It needs 36 steps, from preparing materials, adding meat to the rice, weighing, to wrapping (包) it with leaves by hand. The excellent workers there can wrap seven zongzi in one minute. This May, Wufangzhai opened a museum to share its history and skills of zongzi making. Many parents took their kids there and they joined in its activities during the Dragon Boat Festival. Yao Xinguo is an expert of zongzi making. He showed visitors how to do it in the museum. “One hand should hold the leaves, and the other pushes them up,” said Yao patiently. The kids watched him carefully and then tried making zongzi by themselves. They felt excited after finishing it. Through the museum, Wufangzhai hopes more young people can learn about the traditional Chinese food and its culture. 1．Wufangzhai has a history of ________ years. A．over 400 B．over 300 C．over 200 D．over 100 2．The underlined word “plain” in paragraph 2 means “________”. A．patient B．difficult C．simple D．slow 3．What’s the RIGHT order of making a meat zongzi? ①wrap it with leaves ②prepare materials ③weigh the zongzi ④add meat to the rice A．③①④② B．④①③② C．②④③① D．②③④① 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Wufangzhai makes over 1.8 million zongzi every day. B．The museum is opened to share its skills of zongzi making. C．Yao Xinguo is the owner of Wufangzhai. D．The kids felt tired after finishing making zongzi by themselves. Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁盘锦大洼区·期中） Do you like collecting tea sets? How much do you know about tea sets? Do you know that they have changed a lot over time? In general, tea sets have become smaller and simpler after a lot of changes. There are few records of tea sets before the Tang Dynasty. In Cha Jing, a great book written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty, 43 kinds of tools used for making and drinking tea are mentioned. The tea sets in the Tang Dynasty were simple and functional (实用的) while the ones in the Song Dynasty were more beautiful. In the Song Dynasty, tea-tasting competitions enjoyed great popularity. The tea bottle used in the game often had a big belly (肚子), a long neck, and a curved (弧形的) mouth, which could control the water better when filling a cup. Cups made of black glaze (黑釉) were especially loved by people then. The color matched the tea better and the thickness of the cup could help keep the tea warm. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea sets became simple again, and those made of gold and silver disappeared (消失) bit by bit. To test the color of the tea, white tea sets were more popular. In the Qing Dynasty, purple clay tea sets made in Yixing, Jiangsu flourished and were loved widely. It is said that tea brewed (冲泡) in Yixing’s purple clay tea sets still tastes good after being kept in the teapot for one night even in hot summer. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By providing a fact. D．By giving a few examples. 2．What do we know about tea sets in the Song Dynasty? A．They were small and simple. B．They were invented for a game. C．The shape of the tea bottle helped control the water. D．Tea bottles made of black glaze were more popular. 3．When did purple clay tea sets become popular? A．In the Ming Dynasty. B．In the Qing Dynasty. C．In the Song Dynasty. D．In the Tang Dynasty. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The history of tea sets. B．A great book about tea. C．The importance of tea sets. D．Different dynasties in history. 主题04 人与社会——人际交往 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连瓦房店市·期中） We all hope for deep and lasting friendships with other people. Making friends, however, is as simple as it is difficult. Do you find it hard to make new friends? Here is some experts’ advice. Accept the awkwardness (尴尬). Heather Havrilesky is an agony aunt (答问专栏作者). “Many people think that everybody already has his friends,” she says. “This is a wrong idea. Nobody already has their friends.” It is uncomfortable to send the first message or hang out one-on-one for the first time. You have to accept that awkwardness. You can’t have friends without feeling awkward. Spend time on your hobbies. If you ask people how you can make new friends, many of them will tell you to try picking up a hobby. Havrilesky says that this truly works. “Do the things you like and you will naturally draw people to you,” she says, “You will meet people with the same hobbies.” You may start with your favorite hobby: If it doesn’t work out, remind yourself that you have many talents. You don’t have to be interested in just one thing.Care about your friends. If you want to have deep friendships, you have to take care of them: In her book The Art of Showing Up, Rachel Wilkerson Miller shares two tips on building friendships. First, take notes of your conversations with your friends. They will offer you points of connection later. Second, remember the names of people in your friends’ lives to show how much you care about them. 1．It’s natural to feel ________ when sending the first message to someone. A．proud B．awkward C．lost D．disappointed 2．What does the underlined word “draw” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Attract. B．Paint. C．Mention. D．Invite. 3．How can you show you care about your new friends? A．By developing a hobby. B．By taking photos for them. C．By sending them gifts. D．By taking notes of your conversations. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Benefits of making new friends. B．Advice on keeping close friendships. C．Ways to build long friendships. D．Challenges of meeting new people. Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁抚顺顺城区·期中） A reader wrote it to say that she was feeling lonely at break because her best friend wasn’t around. Here’s our advice to her and to all kids who feel lonely sometimes. It’s hard when a best friend isn’t around, maybe because she moved to a different school or a different class. You may feel lonely at break or lunchtime. You want to have new friends. But how do you make them? Maybe it seems like everybody else already has their friends. But remember, there’s always room for more friends. Start by looking around your classroom—think about which kids you’d like to play with at break. Look for chances to say hi to them, smile, and be friendly. Offer to share something or express your appreciation (欣赏) to them. Invite someone to play with you or say, “Do you want to sit here?” in the lunchroom. When you’re at break, walk over to kids you want to play with, be friendly, and say, “Hi, can I play, too?” or just join in. If you have trouble doing this or if you’re feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends. Teachers are usually pretty good at matching up friends. The best way to make friends is to be a friend. Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to help and pretty soon, you’ll have one, or two, or even more new friends. You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other, you can share something you didn’t have before she left. You can introduce her to your new friends! 1．Who is this text written for? A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Students. D．Visitors. 2．According to the writer, why do some kids feel lonely at break? A．Because they have trouble with their studies. B．Because they don’t have their best friends around. C．Because they need their parents to be with them. D．Because they are too young to look after themselves. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Sharing your ideas. B．Talking before many people. C．Studying better at school. D．Developing new friendships. 4．What’s the structure of this passage? ①= Paragraph 1… A． B． C． D． 主题05 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁葫芦岛兴城市·期中） Human activities are changing the surface (表面) and temperature of the planet. But new research shows they are also changing the sound of the Earth’s oceans. The change does harm to marine (海洋) life, so humans need to find ways to solve it. The ocean is not quiet. Instead, it is filled with all kinds of sounds, which are important in daily lives of marine animals. When a fish is hungry, sounds guide it to find small plants or other fish to eat. When danger like a big shark comes, sounds can warn animals to swim away quickly and stay safe. Besides, marine animals use sounds to talk to each other— mother whales, for example, use soft sounds to call their babies. However, human activities are now disrupting this balance by making the ocean noisy. The main sources include busy shipping traffic, fishing boats and other human activities. The noise pollution creates a serious problem: animals can hardly hear each other, and leave the noisiest area. Worse still, since 1970, the number of marine animals has dropped by about half. We often talk about threats (威胁) to the ocean like rubbish, climate change and overfishing(过度捕捞). But noise pollution is another big problem to solve. The good news is that it is easier to fix than other ocean threats. If we want to protect the ocean, we can try small things to make it quieter—like slowing down ships to reduce engine noise. This simple step will give marine animals a healthy and peaceful home. 1．What does the second paragraph talk about? A．The beauty of marine animals. B．The long history of marine animals. C．The development of marine life. D．The importance of sounds to marine life. 2．What does the word “disrupting” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．breaking B．accepting C．creating D．repeating 3．Which of the ocean threats mentioned in the passage is easier to deal with? A．Overfishing. B．Noise pollution. C．The rubbish. D．Climate change. 4．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To tell readers how marine animals find food. B．To introduce different kinds of marine threats. C．To show why marine animals disappeared quickly. D．To call on improving human activities affecting the ocean. Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁葫芦岛龙港区·期中） Do you know how everything in nature is connected? It’s like a big team where everyone has a job. Small changes can cause big problems. Here are some real-life stories about the balance of nature. Not many years ago, some farmers were worried because hawks (鹰) took many of their chickens, so the farmers killed many hawks. They no longer had to worry about their chickens. But then they had new worries. Mice ate the farmers’ food. How did this happen? Hawks ate not only chickens but also mice. They ate more mice than chickens. But the farmers did not know this. When they killed many hawks, they changed the balance of nature. Changing the balance is bad for nature. Sometimes when people move into a new place, they often cut down many plants. Some of these plants are food for animals. If the animals cannot find food to eat, they will die or have to leave the place. Here is another example. In a place of the United States, the giraffes there ate a kind of rose. The lions there ate the giraffes. The number of giraffes, lions and wild roses did not change much if people kept things as they were. But people killed many lions to protect the giraffes. Soon there were so many giraffes that they ate up all the roses. Then the giraffes began to eat leaves of young trees. These trees were important to people. So people thought of ways to protect trees. Now the giraffes had nothing to eat, and many of them died. This was another lesson from nature. Nature is like a huge family where everything depends on each other. We should take good care of nature and keep it balanced. If we do, everything in nature can live happily together! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving a fact. B．By giving an opinion. C．By asking a question D．By telling a life story. 2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The hawks. B．The mice. C．The chickens. D．The farmers. 3．What will happen when people cut down many plants in a new place? A．More new plants will grow quickly. B．Animals will have more space to live in. C．The balance of nature will become better. D．Animals may die or leave because of no food. 4．What does the writer most likely want readers to do after reading the passage? A．Protect all animals. B．Don’t change the balance of nature. C．Avoid living in areas with wild animals. D．Stop raising chickens or other farm animals. Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连金普新区·期中） Hawaii’s regular (规律的) sunshine, short rain showers and clean air come together to create some of the planet’s best conditions for viewing rainbows. Rainbows are seen so often here that a University of Hawaii professor calls the state the “rainbow capital of the world”. “Hawaii has maybe the best rainbows on the planet,” said Steven Businger, professor of atmospheric (大气的) sciences at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He has even created an app called RainbowChase to help people find rainbows in Hawaii. Rainbows form when drops of rain refract (折射) sunlight into different colors. The brighter the sun, the clearer the rainbow. Hawaii’s winds bring many small showers with enough blue sky between them for the sun to shine through. Conditions are best during the rainy season from October through April. Visitors should look for rainbows when it’s both sunny and raining at the same time. Rainbows will appear opposite the sun. They will seem larger and higher in the sky in the early morning and late afternoon, when the sun is lower on the horizon (地平线). Rainbows are popular symbols of island life. Pictures of them can be seen on buildings and buses, and even on vehicle license plates (车辆牌照). “They cause us to stand still (静止) and for a moment, forget about the past and the future,” Businger said. There are about 20 names for rainbows in the Hawaiian language, including different words for different kinds of rainbows. An expert (专家) said rainbows are considered a symbol of Kane, one of the four main gods in Hawaiian tradition. The closer you get to a rainbow, the more likely (可能的) you are to meet a supernatural force (力量) or a powerful person, he said. 1．Why does a professor call Hawaii the “rainbow capital of the world”? A．Because Hawaii has the most colors in its rainbows. B．Because rainbows are seen very often in Hawaii. C．Because Hawaii invented the word “rainbow”. D．Because Hawaii has the biggest rainbows. 2．What can we learn about rainbows from the passage? A．Rainbows don’t form when drops of rain refract sunlight into different colors. B．Visitors can hardly see rainbows during the rainy season. C．Rainbows will always appear when it’s both sunny and raining at the same time. D．Rainbows are popular symbols of island life and a symbol of Kane. 3．What can we infer (推断) from the underlined sentence? A．Rainbows are very important in Hawaiian culture. B．Hawaiians don’t like rainbows very much. C．The Hawaiian language has too many words. D．Hawaiians are afraid of rainbows. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．How to take good pictures of rainbows. B．The history of rainbow research in Hawaii. C．Why Hawaii is a great place for viewing rainbows. D．How to use the RainbowChase app. Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁锦州凌海市·期中） In today’s world, where over 4 billion people own a smartphone, charging (充电) our phones has become part of our daily routine—just like brushing our teeth or getting dressed in the morning. But over time, batteries (电池) stop working well, and a phone that used to last all day may suddenly need charging all the time. The problem lies in how we charge our phones. Most phone batteries today can be charged about 500 times and work well for 2—3 years. After that, they start holding less power. Unfortunately, most smartphones don’t have batteries that are easy to change. So when a battery starts failing, many people just buy a new phone, which creates waste. To help reduce this problem, the European Union passed a law requiring phone companies to make batteries easy to remove and change by 2027. But what can be done until then to keep your phone’s battery healthy? One common mistake is always charging your phone to 100%. This actually harms the battery and shortens its life. Instead, try to keep the battery between 20% and 80%. Letting a phone get too hot can also harm the battery. And using your phone while charging makes it heat up, which wears out the battery faster. If you’re charging your phone while you sleep, keep it on a hard, cool surface—not under a pillow or blanket—to stop it from overheating. Experts also say you shouldn’t use cheap chargers, because they may overheat your phone. It’s best to use the charger that comes with the phone. Small changes in how you charge your phone can make a big difference, helping your battery last longer, and reducing waste. 1．What will most people do when a phone battery starts failing? A．They just buy a new phone. B．They will repair the battery. C．They will change the battery. D．They will change their ways of charging phones. 2．________ is a good way to keep your phone’s battery healthy. A．Always charging the phone to one hundred percent B．Keeping the battery between twenty percent and eighty percent C．Using the phone while it’s charging D．Charging your phone while you sleep 3．Why do experts suggest that we shouldn’t use cheap chargers? A．Because it makes charging slower. B．Because it causes the phone to overheat. C．Because it blocks the phone signal. D．Because it may damage the screen. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Why Phone Batteries Are Easy to Fail? B．How to Use Your Phone Safely C．How to Make Smartphones Reduce Waste D．How to Make Your Phone Battery Last Longer Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁盘锦兴隆台区·期中） You can put a stamp on it, you can write an address on it and you can send it through the mail. No, it’s not a package (包裹). It’s the amazing coconut (椰子)! The coconut is different from most other fruits because every part of it is useful. People have been using coconuts in many different ways. Here are some of them. One exciting use of the coconut is as a kind of energy. Scientists are working on using coconuts for energy because they are cheap and clean. Coconut oil has already been made into fuel (燃料). It can power cars, trucks, ships and many more. Students at Baylor University find that coconut husks (外壳) can take in water very well. So mixing coconut husks with dry soil (土壤) helps the soil to hold onto more of the water. The students also find that coconut husks can take the place of plastic in some cases. If this is possible, it will help people use less plastic. The husk of the coconut is a perfect package. It protects the coconut from harm. That’s why some countries allow people to send the coconut without any packaging. Each year, tourists post about 3,000 of these “coconut postcards”. Coconuts grow naturally in over 80 countries of the world. They require only sun and proper rain. No special care is needed. Every year, more than 61 million tons of coconuts are produced. It is not surprising, then, that people want to find so many uses for the coconut. 1．Why is the coconut different from most other fruits? A．Because stamps can be put on it. B．Because every part of it is useful. C．Because people send it in a package. D．Because addresses can be written on it. 2．What does the underlined word “power” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Make room for. B．Add value to. C．Put weight on. D．Provide energy for. 3．In which part of a magazine can we read the text? A．Amazing Nature. B．History World. C．Sports News. D．Story Time. 4．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To advise people to protect coconuts. B．To ask people to grow more coconuts. C．To show the value and uses of coconuts. D．To introduce a fuel made from coconuts. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——发明创造 Passage 1 :1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C Passage 2:1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B Passage 3:1．D 2．D 3．C 4．D 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1:1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B Passage 2:1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C Passage 3:1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 主题03 人与自我——健康生活 Passage 1:1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D Passage 2:1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D Passage 3:1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 主题04 人与社会——传统文化 Passage 1:1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C Passage 2:1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A Passage 3:1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 主题05 人与社会——日常生活 Passage 1:1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 2:1．C 2．C 3．D 4．C Passage 3:1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 主题06 人与社会——著名人物 Passage 1:1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B Passage 2:1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 主题07 人与社会——文学、文化、教育 Passage 1:1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C Passage 2:1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D Passage 3:1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 主题01 人与社会——发明创造 Passage 1:1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A Passage 2:1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C Passage 3:1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 主题02 人与社会——科普 Passage 1:1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A Passage 2:1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B Passage 3:1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 主题03 人与社会——传统文化 Passage 1:1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B Passage 2:1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 主题04 人与社会——人际交往 Passage 1:1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C Passage 2:1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 主题05 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1:1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D Passage 2:1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B Passage 1:1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C Passage 2:1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D Passage 3 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——发明创造 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳大东区·期中） Do you often send messages to your friends? Do you like using emojis (表情符号)? Emojis like smiley faces, hearts and thumbs-up (竖大拇指) make messages more fun. Which emoji is the most popular one? Let’s find out. The first emoji came out in 1999. A Japanese artist named Shigetaka Kurita created it. His first set had 176 simple emojis. But now we have more than 3,500 different emojis. Some emojis are much more popular than others. A company called Baidu Japan studied which emojis people use most in 16 countries, including Japan, the US, the UK and France during the first half of 2025. The company found something interesting. The crying face is the most popular emoji in 12 countries. People use it to show many feelings—not just when they are sad, but also when they are proud, happy or laughing. The top emojis are similar in most countries. Crying faces and laughing faces appear again and again. But hearts are special. In many countries, people use hearts to show love for family or friends. But in Japan, hearts are usually used for romantic (浪漫的) love. We may all use emojis, but we use them in different ways. So always think twice before you send one. 1．Where was the artist who created emojis from? A．Japan. B．The US. C．The UK. D．France. 2．How many emojis were there at the very beginning? A．1999. B．176. C．3500. D．2025. 3．The most popular emoji in 12 countries is ________. A． B． C． D． 4．Why do we need to think twice before sending an emoji? A．It’s used when we are sad and happy. B．It appears again and again specially. C．It may mean differently in different places. D．It shows love for both family and friends. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了表情符号的起源、发展及使用情况，不同国家对其用法有差异，提醒人们发送时要三思。 1．细节理解题。根据“A Japanese artist named Shigetaka Kurita created it.”可知，创造表情符号的艺术家来自日本，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“His first set had 176 simple emojis.”可知，最初的表情符号有176个，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The crying face is the most popular emoji in 12 countries.”可知，12个国家最受欢迎的表情符号是哭脸，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“We may all use emojis, but we use them in different ways. So always think twice before you send one.”可知，表情符号在不同地方的含义可能不同，所以发送前要三思，故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连沙河口区·期中） Bright helpers, bright ideas Students at a middle school in Finland design special “Learning Boxes” for younger kids. Each box has picture books, math games, and DIY (Do It Yourself) guides. Last week, over 200 boxes were given to first-graders with encouraging secret notes like “You’re amazing!” from the designers. “I made letter cards myself!” cheered 7-year-old Ella, holding her new box. Teachers say that the boxes help little kids study alone after school. Seed (种子) library shines Some teenagers from a Canadian middle school have started a “Seed Library” to help grow plants. They collect seeds from gardens and put them into paper bags with planting advice. “Take seeds, grow them, and return new seeds later,” said the team leader Helen. Brian planted the sunflower seeds from the library. Now his garden is filled with yellow flowers. “I’ll save the seeds for others,” he smiled. Memory collectors A group of 13-year-olds in a school of Wuhan visited some aged people last week. They recorded old stories about local festivals, foods and traditions, and then turned them into picture books. They also set up a mini-museum with old photos and handmade works. With their teachers’ help, they developed an app called “Hometown Echoes”. It can turn Wuhan dialect (方言) into Putonghua. 1．What is the main purpose of the “Learning Boxes”? A．To help kids study after school. B．To raise money for the school. C．To teach writing secret notes. D．To provide toys for children. 2．What did Helen’s team do in the “Seed Library” project? A．They sold seeds and flowers. B．They taught people to make bags. C．They collected seeds and gave advice. D．They built a garden for the school. 3．What does the underlined word “They” refer to (指代) in Paragraph 3? A．A group of 13-year-olds. B．The old people. C．The sunflower seeds. D．The learning boxes. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．New teaching tools in schools. B．Students’ smart ideas. C．Ways of protecting traditional culture. D．Learning in a library. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同地区学生们的创意项目，包括芬兰学生设计的“学习盒”、加拿大学生创办的“种子图书馆”，以及武汉学生开展的传统文化记录活动。 1．细节理解题。根据“Teachers say that the boxes help little kids study alone after school.”可知，“学习盒”的主要目的是帮助孩子放学后自主学习。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“They collect seeds from gardens and put them into paper bags with planting advice.”可知，海伦的团队收集种子并提供种植建议。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“A group of 13-year-olds in a school of Wuhan visited some aged people last week. They recorded old stories...”可知，“They”指代的是武汉学校里的13岁学生群体。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍芬兰、加拿大、武汉学生的创意项目，主要讲的是学生们的巧妙想法。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁抚顺顺城区·期中） On October 21st, 2024, a robot dog became a star at Mount Taishan. It carried a heavy bag on its back as it climbed the mountain’s stone steps, along the way, it used a clear voice to remind tourists to throw trash into bins and protect the mountain’s natural environment. Many visitors stopped to take photos of this hard-working “little helper”, catching many visitors’ eyes. Robots are no longer just objects in labs or exhibitions—they are stepping into people’s daily lives. As early as the autumn of 2023, two robot dogs named X30 were put to use at Zhejiang University. They helped students carry heavy school bags, easily walked through crowded campuses, and smoothly climbed up and down the stairs (楼梯) of teaching buildings, saving students a lot of trouble. The robot dogs were named X30. They have been used in many areas. They can work in freezing weather conditions. They can also work in bright light, weak light and even complete darkness, with a reach of 10 km. In recent years, the rapid growth of China’s robotics industry (机器人产业) has led to the use of robots in different areas. For example, the humanoid robots (人形机器人) are increasingly used in many industries, such as cars, computers and communications. In the car factories, humanoid robots finish tasks done only by humans. With the development of science and technology, robot products will be deeply used in the real economy (经济) in China by 2027. They will play bigger roles in more areas, from daily life to industrial production. The robot industry will have a bright future. 1．What did the robot dog do on Mount Taishan? A．It carried a heavy bag and cooked food for visitors. B．It carried a heavy bag and helped clean Mount Taishan. C．It carried a heavy bag and sold cheap water to the visitors. D．It carried a heavy bag and reminded visitors to protect the environment. 2．What can the X30 robot dogs probably be used for according to Paragraph 3? A．Helping people cook meals. B．Producing things in the factories. C．Making video calls with the elderly. D．Searching for people in dark places. 3．In which industries are humanoid robots increasingly used according to the passage? ①Cars. ②Fishing. ③Computers. ④Communications. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A Good Helper for the Elderly B．Humanoid Robots’ Importance C．Robot Dogs and Their Advantages D．Robots’ Uses and Development in China 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了机器人狗在泰山的表现、X30机器人狗的用途、人形机器人的应用领域以及中国机器人产业的快速发展和未来前景。 1．细节理解题。根据“On October 21st, 2024, a robot dog became a star at Mount Taishan. It carried a heavy bag on its back as it climbed the mountain’s stone steps, along the way, it used a clear voice to remind tourists to throw trash into bins and protect the mountain’s natural environment.”可知，机器人狗在泰山背着一个沉重的包，并提醒游客保护环境。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“The robot dogs were named X30. They have been used in many areas. They can work in freezing weather conditions. They can also work in bright light, weak light and even complete darkness, with a reach of 10 km.”可知，名为 X30 的机器狗已应用于多个领域，具备适应严寒、强光、弱光乃至完全黑暗等复杂环境的能力，作业范围可达10公里，所以可推测该款机器狗能用于在黑暗地方搜寻人。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“For example, the humanoid robots (人形机器人) are increasingly used in many industries, such as cars, computers and communications.”可知，人形机器人越来越多地应用于汽车、计算机和通信行业。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了机器人在中国的使用情况以及机器人产业的发展。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳铁西区·期中） From red apples to yellow bananas and green watermelons, fruits come in many different colours. Why do different kinds of fruits have so many colours? Liu Wei, a scientist from China, explains that fruit colours actually come from their different pigments (色素). How many pigments appear depends on where they grow. Therefore, the environment plays an important role in fruit colours. To find out how the environment influences fruit colours, Chinese scientists studied more than 280 different fruit colours, including white, red, blue, purple and black. They found that red fruits prefer to grow in cooler places, while blue and purple fruits mostly grow in warmer places. Animals have also had an influence on the evolution of fruit colours. Animals eat fruits and later drop the seeds in other places. This helps the fruits spread and grow in different places. In order to catch animals’ attention, some fruits develop colours that are easy for them to see. However, animals see colours in a different way. Fruits need to develop colours that fit what animals can see. For example, birds can see red more easily than humans can. As a result, there are more red fruits in areas where birds live. Some monkeys are red-green colour-blind, so yellow fruits can be found in their habitats (栖息地), as they can easily see this colour. 1．What colour fruits prefer to grow in warmer places according to the text? A．White. B．Red. C．Purple. D．Black. 2．What does the underlined word “evolution” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Important protection and care. B．Simple copying and following. C．Slow change and development. D．Sudden loss and disappearance. 3．Why are yellow fruits common where colour-blind monkeys live? A．Because monkeys can see yellow easily. B．Because monkeys like yellow fruits best. C．Because yellow is a very pleasant colour. D．Because yellow fruits are good for monkeys. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Fruits are quite important for animal diets. B．Environment and animals shape fruit colors. C．Animals see colors differently from humans. D．Scientists have discovered many fruit colors. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了水果颜色的成因，科学家发现水果颜色受生长环境影响，且动物对水果颜色的进化也有影响，表明了环境和动物在塑造水果颜色方面的重要作用。 1．细节理解题。根据“They found that red fruits prefer to grow in cooler places, while blue and purple fruits mostly grow in warmer places.”可知，蓝色和紫色的水果大多生长在温暖的地方。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Animals have also had an influence on the evolution of fruit colours.”以及后文提到动物吃水果并传播种子，水果为吸引动物注意而进化出不同颜色，可推测“evolution”意思是“进化”，即缓慢的变化和发展。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Some monkeys are red-green colour-blind, so yellow fruits can be found in their habitats (栖息地), as they can easily see this colour.”可知，因为色盲猴子能很容易看到黄色，所以在它们栖息地常见黄色水果。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文先指出水果颜色受生长环境影响，接着说明动物对水果颜色进化有影响，整体围绕环境和动物如何塑造水果颜色展开。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁葫芦岛龙港区·期中） Traditionally, we take the subway with our subway cards or by scanning QR codes (扫描二维码) on our smartphones. But now people traveling on the Beijing Daxing Airport subway have a new way to take a ride—they can scan their palms (手掌). To enjoy the service, people need to register (登记) their palm prints on machines in subway stations along the Daxing Airport subway line. Then they have to start the palm-scanning function (功能) on their smartphones. Once they do this, they can scan their palms at ticket gates to pass through. After they finish the travel, the payment service on their smartphones will pay the money for their ride. Many people welcome the new technology. They think it helps them to travel faster and more easily. They don’t have to take out their subway cards or smartphones when they want to pass through the ticket gates. And they no longer have to worry when they forget their subway cards or when their smartphones run out of battery. What’s more, the palm-scanning technology is very friendly to old people and those who have special needs. Those people may not use smartphones well. This technology makes it possible for them to take the subway without using smartphones. Besides Beijing, the palm-scanning technology is also in service in the subway stations of Shenzhen. And there are hopes that it can be used in more places like stores and restaurants in the future. 1．What’s the correct order to enjoy the palm-scanning service? ①register his palm prints ②scan his palm at the ticket gate ③start the palm-scanning function A．①②③ B．①③② C．③②① D．②①③ 2．What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The uses of the palm-scanning technology. B．The rules of the palm-scanning technology. C．The history of the palm-scanning technology. D．The advantages of the palm-scanning technology. 3．What can we infer about the new way of taking the subway from the text? A．It’s only popular among young people. B．It’s more expensive than the traditional ways. C．It’s especially helpful for people without smartphones. D．It’s only widely used by the people who live in Beijing now. 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards this new technology? A．Nervous. B．Worried. C．Hopeful. D．Serious. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了北京大兴机场地铁线推出的掌纹扫描乘车服务及其优势。 1．第二段介绍使用步骤为：“register their palm prints”（①）→“start the palm-scanning function”（③）→“scan their palms at ticket gates”（②），因此顺序为①③②。 2．第三段介绍了该技术的优势：“travel faster and more easily”、“no longer have to worry”、“friendly to old people and those who have special needs”，因此本段主要讲掌纹扫描技术的优势。 3．第三段指出该技术对“old people and those who have special needs”友好，无需手机即可乘坐地铁，因此对没有智能手机的人特别有帮助。 4．最后一段提到“there are hopes that it can be used in more places”，说明作者充满希望。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁盘锦兴隆台区·期中） Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let’s discover the science behind sunlight. Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical-melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals. However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in winter. People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time. The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above. For example, your body produces Vitamin D from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, “Why do we love sunshine?” 1．Which of the following can take the place of “are exposed to” in Paragraph 2? A．dream of B．care about C．stay in D．depend on 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．What can help people to keep in good spirits. B．Which chemical is thought to be more important. C．Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep. D．How light influences people through chemicals. 3．Which of the following is a suggestion according to the text? A．There are places where it gets dark for a long time in winter. B．People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine. C．The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day. D．People’s bodies produce something called Vitamin D from sunlight. 4．Why is the sentence “Why do we love sunshine?” written in the last paragraph? A．To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight. B．To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time. C．To expect readers to realize the importance of Vitamin D．To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了阳光对人体产生的化学物质（血清素和褪黑激素）的影响，阐述了阳光如何通过这些化学物质影响人的情绪、睡眠等，还提及了冬季长时间黑暗地区人们易患季节性情感障碍以及阳光对健康的其他作用，展现了阳光在人们生活中的多方面影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据“When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits.”可知，当你怎样阳光时，你的身体会产生更多的血清素，更高的血清素水平会让你精神愉快，结合常识可知，是接触阳光会产生血清素，“are exposed to”意思是“接触”，“stay in”有“待在……（里面）”可引申为“接触”，意思相近。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical - melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep.”可知，第二段主要讲了阳光让人体产生血清素，黑暗让人体产生褪黑激素，即光如何通过化学物质影响人们。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine.”可知，那些经常待在室内的人应该到外面去晒晒太阳，这是文中给出的建议。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, ‘Why do we love sunshine?’”可知，作者写“Why do we love sunshine?”这句话是为了鼓励读者更多地了解阳光。故选A。 主题03 人与自我——健康生活 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳大东区·期中） Relaxing and creative hobbies like knitting (编织), gardening, bird-watching and drawing are sometimes called “grandma hobbies”. In the past, these activities were mostly done by older women. But today, people of all ages enjoy them—and not just for fun! These hobbies can actually benefit both our mind and body. Emma Palmer-Cooper, a psychologist (心理学家) from the UK, says that having small goals, like learning a new hobby or finishing a project, gives us a sense of purpose. When we reach those goals, we feel happy and proud. This helps improve our mental (精神的) health. Science backs this up. A study from Princeton University found that gardening brings people the same joy as eating at a restaurant or going for a walk. Another study from Kansas State University showed that gardening helps older adults feel better about themselves. Bird-watching is another great activity. A study found that seeing or hearing birds can improve our mood (心情), even if we’re feeling down. Drawing is also a fun and creative way to enhance our mental health. Research has shown that just 10 minutes of drawing a day can lift our mood. And if we keep doing it for a month, the effects are even stronger. These hobbies also keep our brain healthy. When we learn something new, like knitting, our brain becomes more active. This helps improve our memory and focus. Whether it’s gardening, drawing or watching birds, it could be your new favourite way to relax—and feel great 1．How is the present situation of hobbies like knitting and gardening introduced? A．By telling a story of grandmas. B．By listing numbers. C．By comparing with the past. D．By giving examples. 2．What does the writer tell us in the second and third paragraphs? A．The study of physical and mental health. B．The benefits of some hobbies to people. C．The importance of having a small goal. D．The joy of older adults’ everyday lives. 3．The underlined word “enhance” has the similar meaning with ________. A．push B．move C．repair D．improve 4．Which can be the best title of the text? A．Feel great by drawing and knitting B．Take a chance to learn something C．Let’s start watching birds to relax D．Why not try a “grandma hobby” 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了“奶奶级爱好”（如编织、园艺等）如今受到各年龄段人群喜爱的现象，并说明这些爱好对身心的益处。 1．推理判断题。根据“In the past, these activities were mostly done by older women. But today, people of all ages enjoy them”可知，文章通过将过去和现在的情况对比，介绍了这类爱好的现状。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。第二段提到这类爱好能带来目标感、改善心理健康；第三段通过研究说明园艺、观鸟、绘画等爱好对情绪和大脑的益处，整体是在讲这些爱好对人的好处。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Research has shown that just 10 minutes of drawing a day can lift our mood”可知，绘画能改善心理健康，“enhance”与“improve（改善）”意思相近。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。文章围绕“奶奶级爱好”展开，介绍了其如今的流行情况及对身心的益处，号召人们尝试这类爱好。“Why not try a ‘grandma hobby’”最能概括主旨。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁丹东东港市·期中） ①Do you often hear birdsong outside the window? How do you feel when you hear it? In fact, it is shown that birdsong can influence people’s life. ②Birdsong sounds especially nice in winter because it reminds people of spring. A study found that listening to birdsong for six minutes can help cut down people’s stress. It’s hard to feel sad when you hear birds singing or talking, as the energy in their songs makes people feel like walking in the garden. Different from music, which can sometimes make you produce strong feelings, birdsong can usually make you calm and peaceful. ③Another influence is that birdsong can help people improve focus (专注) . It can help people focus on their tasks and work faster. That’s because when people play birdsong in the background at work, it helps to build a “wall” to help them stay away from the unpleasant noise outside. In this way, birdsong can be a powerful tool to improve at work. ④Carrie Tom, a doctor in North Carolina, has also found that birdsong makes it easier to help people enter a deep sleep. Birdsong, as a kind of white noise, can slow down people’s heartbeats and breath. After listening to birdsong for a long time, a conditioned response (条件反射) is developed in their brains. So birdsong becomes a sign of entering sleep, which helps them fall asleep faster than before and improve their sleep quality (质量). ⑤Birdsong, a gift from nature, connects people with calmer, more natural settings and makes people feel happier and healthier. So, next time you hear a bird singing, spend a moment to enjoy its beautiful melody (旋律) and let it bring a little joy to your day! 1．According to Paragraph 2, birdsong may bring people ________. A．strong feelings B．less stress C．much energy D．more tasks 2．What does “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Focus. B．Work. C．Birdsong. D．Noise. 3．According to the text, birdsong is helpful to the people who ________. A．have problems sleeping B．live in the countryside C．like loud and electronic music D．can focus on tasks easily 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the text? A．To describe the sound of birdsong. B．To discuss the scientific studies on birdsong. C．To explain how birdsong improve people’s health. D．To encourage people to enjoy birdsong more often. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了鸟鸣对人们生活的多方面影响，包括缓解压力、提升专注力、改善睡眠质量等，最后鼓励人们多享受鸟鸣带来的美好。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A study found that listening to birdsong for six minutes can help cut down people’s stress”可知，鸟鸣能帮助人们减少压力。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“when people play birdsong in the background at work, it helps to build a ‘wall’ to help them stay away from the unpleasant noise outside”可知，此处it指代的是前文提到的birdsong“鸟鸣”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“birdsong makes it easier to help people enter a deep sleep...improve their sleep quality”可知，鸟鸣对有睡眠问题的人有帮助。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So, next time you hear a bird singing, spend a moment to enjoy its beautiful melody and let it bring a little joy to your day!”可知，作者的主要目的是鼓励人们多花些时间享受鸟鸣。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁葫芦岛·期中） In ancient China, people enjoyed many sports that were both fun and good for health. Many of these sports are still popular today. One famous sport was Cuju, an early form of football, which was first recorded 2,000 years ago. The game used a ball filled with feathers (羽毛) or hair. Players had to kick the ball without using their hands. Cuju wasn’t just for fun. It was also used for army training. Soldiers (士兵) played it to become stronger and work better as a team. Even emperors enjoyed watching Cuju matches! Archery (射箭) was another popular sport. It was not just a sport but also an important skill for soldiers. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, archery was part of education for a gentleman. Confucius, the great teacher, even included it in his “Six Arts” that every gentleman should master. Wushu, such as Tai chi, was also common. More than just fighting skills, it paid more attention to the balance (平衡) between body and mind. Through movies, wushu has become popular all over the world. It helps share Chinese culture with the world. These ancient sports show the spirit of Chinese culture. They remind us that staying active has always been an important part of life. 1．Which ancient sport did Confucius think was important? A．Cuju. B．Archery. C．Wushu. D．Tai chi. 2．The ancient soldiers played Cuju ________. A．for fun B．for education C．for training D．for the emperor’s prize 3．How do foreigners know about Wushu according to Paragraph 4? A．By watching films. B．By reading books. C．By visiting China. D．By learning Chinese. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．The ancient Chinese sports. B．A famous Chinese teacher. C．The spirit of Chinese culture. D．The training of Chinese army. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国古代几种流行的体育运动（蹴鞠、射箭、武术）及其历史作用和文化意义。 1．第三段提到“Confucius, the great teacher, even included it in his ‘Six Arts’”，其中“it”指代前文“Archery”，说明孔子认为射箭重要。 2．第二段明确指出“It was also used for army training. Soldiers played it to become stronger and work better as a team.”，古代士兵踢蹴鞠是为了训练。 3．第四段提到“Through movies, wushu has become popular all over the world.”，说明外国人通过电影了解武术。 4．全文依次介绍蹴鞠、射箭、武术，并在末段总结“These ancient sports show the spirit of Chinese culture.”，因此文章主要讲述中国古代体育。 主题04 人与社会——传统文化 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁鞍山铁东区·期中） Every year in China, there is always a special time. During this time, all railway stations, bus stations and airports are very busy. Though some people work far away from their hometown, they still hurriedly go back to their hometown. They hope to get together with their parents and family members. During this time, Chinese people celebrate their most important festival—the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival. It is also the most important and enjoyable one. It marks the end of the previous year and the beginning of the new year. According to historical records, the Spring Festival has been in China for thousands of years. The Spring Festival starts from the first day in the lunar calendar, and is the most important holiday in China. Days before the Spring Festival, Chinese people are busy preparing for the New Year. They clean their houses, have their hair cut, and buy new clothes. In the evening before the Spring Festival, families get together and have a big meal. Jiaozi is the most popular. Children like the festival very much, because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes. They can also get lucky money from their parents. This money is for good luck. The Spring Festival lasts for about 15 days. People visit relatives and friends and say to each other “Happy New Year”. People enjoy the Spring Festival. During this time they can have a wonderful time and have a good rest. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic? A．By telling a story.    B．By asking a question.   C．By describing a fact.    D．By doing research. 2．What do the underlined words “the previous year” mean in the text? A．The last year. B．The next year. C．The year before the last year. D．The year after the next year. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The history of the Spring Festival. B．The development of the Spring Festival. C．Different opinions on the Spring Festival. D．The things people do in the Spring Festival. 4．What do we know about the Spring Festival? A．It usually lasts for a month. B．It has a history of one thousand years. C．It is the most important traditional Chinese festival. D．People are too busy and tired to have fun during the festival. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】主要讲述中国春节的重要性、历史以及春节期间人们的活动和习俗。 1．推理判断题。根据“Every year in China, there is always a special time. During this time, all railway stations, bus stations and airports are very busy…During this time, Chinese people celebrate their most important festival—the Spring Festival.” 可知，作者通过描述春运的事实引入春节话题。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“It marks the end of the previous year and the beginning of the new year.”可知，“the previous year”意为“上一年”，即“The last year”。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Children like the festival...get lucky money...People visit relatives and friends...”可知，该段主要讲春节期间人们做的事。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival. It is also the most important and enjoyable one.” 可知，春节是中国最重要的传统节日。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁丹东凤城市·期中） You may think you cannot live through summer without electric fans. But in ancient China, hand fans were almost the only ones to help people keep cool. There are many types of hand fans with different uses. Chinese people started to use hand fans over two thousand years ago. The fans came in different shapes, such as round and square. They were also made of all kinds of materials. The ancient round fans have different shapes which are made according to their own preferences. Palm (棕榈) leaf fans were not expensive and not difficult to make even most people can have. Feather fans once could be used only by a few people who had wealth and had power. Sandalwood fans could send out a sweet smell that let people like them. Later, hand fans became far more than just something that could cool you down. They developed into artworks in which tuanshan (round fans) and zheshan (folded fans) were the most common. In the shape of a full moon, tuanshan were usually made of silk. They had beautiful birds and flowers on them. Women, especially those in the imperial palace, liked using them. Meanwhile, men, especially the poets, used zheshan. The poets liked them because zheshan was usually made of paper and they could paint and write poems on them. It was a way for them to demonstrate their ability in literature painting and handwriting. Almost anything can be painted on zheshan. A small fan can show its unique charm in the hand and has played an important role in Chinese traditional art for thousands of years. Today Chinese people still use these fans. Fans come in many shapes and materials including plastic, cloth and so on. According to different usage, we invent electric fans which can be carried around and are more convenient to use. 1．Why does the author mention electric fans at the start? A．To lead into the main subject. B．To explain how they work. C．To tell a story about them. D．To show they are better. 2．Which of the following fans was only used by rich people in ancient times? A．Palm leaf fans. B．Feather fans. C．Sandalwood fans. D．cloth fans. 3．What does the underlined word “demonstrate” mean? A．Bring out. B．Point out. C．Show off. D．Hold up. 4．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)? A．Tuanshan (round fans). B．Beautiful birds and flowers. C．Artworks. D．Women in the imperial palace. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统手扇的悠久历史、丰富多样的形状与制作材料，详细探讨了团扇和折扇的文化内涵以及它们在古代男女日常生活和艺术表现中的重要作用。 1．根据第一段中的“You may think you cannot live through summer without electric fans. But in ancient China, hand fans were almost the only ones to help people keep cool.”可知，作者在开头首先提及现代人夏天离不开的电风扇，随后话锋一转引出中国古代的避暑工具手扇。这说明作者在开头提及电风扇是为了引入文章的中心主题。 2．根据第二段中的“Feather fans once could be used only by a few people who had wealth and had power.”可知，羽毛扇在古代曾经只能被少数拥有财富和权力的人使用，即只能被有钱人使用。 3．根据第四段中的“The poets liked them because zheshan was usually made of paper and they could paint and write poems on them. It was a way for them to demonstrate their ability in literature painting and handwriting.”并结合常识可知，诗人们喜欢在纸质折扇上写诗作画，这是他们用来向他人“展示、炫耀”自己在文学、绘画和书法方面才华的一种手段。由此推断，画线单词“demonstrate”意为“展示，炫耀”。 4．根据第三段中的“In the shape of a full moon, tuanshan were usually made of silk. They had beautiful birds and flowers on them. Women, especially those in the imperial palace, liked using them.”可知，本段主要围绕“tuanshan”的外形和材质展开，因此后文指代的妇女们喜欢使用的对象正是团扇。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁丹东振兴区·期中） We know many musical instruments (器械) well, such as pianos, violins, drums and so on. What about the erhu? The erhu is a traditional Chinese instrument. It is the most popular of the huqin family, and it has a long history. The modern erhu developed from the Xiqin, which was played by many ethnic minorities (少数民族) during the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, musicians began to use the erhu to perform different kinds of music, and it became quite a popular instrument. With the rise of some forms of folk art, the art of the erhu developed quickly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It became an important accompanying (伴奏) instrument in different folk music. At present, it is used in both traditional and modern music, such as in pop, rock and jazz. It has even become a solo (独奏) instrument. One of the most famous musical pieces played on the erhu is Erquan Yingyue. As the erhu was mainly played by common people and the playing skills were passed down orally, there are few written records about the erhu that can be found. To study the history and the development of the erhu, historians usually turn to ancient paintings. The earliest pictures of this instrument were found in Yulin Caves and Eastern Thousand Buddha Caves in Gansu Province, where five erhu pictures were discovered on murals (壁画). 1．When did the erhu become a popular instrument? A．In the Tang Dynasty. B．In the Song Dynasty. C．In the Ming Dynasty. D．In recent years. 2．To study the history of the erhu, historians usually ________. A．play the most famous erhu pieces B．listen to different kinds of folk music C．get help from ancient paintings D．read some books about ethnic minorities 3．You may read the passage in the ________ section of a newspaper. A．culture B．business C．health D．nature 4．The passage mainly talks about ________. A．the forms of folk music B．the history of the erhu C．the rise of different dynasties D．the development of Chinese instruments 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统乐器二胡的历史发展、应用场景，以及研究二胡历史的主要依据，展现了这一传统乐器的文化价值。 1．第二段明确指出“In the Song Dynasty, musicians began to use the erhu to perform different kinds of music, and it became quite a popular instrument”，这是原文中的直接信息，说明二胡在宋代成为流行乐器。 2．第三段直接提到“To study the history and the development of the erhu, historians usually turn to ancient paintings”，这是原文中的直接信息，说明历史学家研究二胡历史通常借助古画。 3．本文围绕中国传统乐器二胡的历史与文化展开，属于文化类内容，文中介绍了二胡的传统艺术价值与发展历程，因此最可能出现在报纸的“culture（文化）”板块。 4．文章从二胡的起源（“The modern erhu developed from the Xiqin”）、各朝代的发展（宋、明、清至今的演变），到现代应用（“used in both traditional and modern music”），核心围绕“the history of the erhu（二胡的历史）” 展开。 主题05 人与社会——日常生活 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳沈北新区·期中） Nowadays, China’s tourism market is changing quietly. More and more tourists no longer stick to long and tiring trips to faraway places. Instead, they choose short trips near their homes now! This is because they want to experience local life, not rush through sightseeing. Experts see this as a fashion for slower, deeper travel experiences. Lin Keya from Urumqi, Xinjiang, spent a few days in a village nearby for the National Day holiday last year. It only took her two hours to drive there. In the morning, clear bird calls came through the window and woke her up. At night, bright moonlight covered the farmyard. With soft insect sounds from far away, she slept very well. “This natural place is like a pair of gentle hands. It eases the tiredness in my heart.” Another traveler, Ms. Peng, made a trip with her family from Guiyang to Leshan. Both cities are located in Southwest China. She said busy sightseeing tours only touch the surface—what truly attracts (吸引) people now is deep trips. “Spending less time on the road gave us more time to enjoy the place,” said Peng. This trend (趋势) is growing because China is developing its high-speed rail network. It now covers over 46,000 kilometers and connects over 96 percent of cities with more than 500,000 people, reported China Daily. High-speed trains give many travelers, especially elderly ones, relaxing trips, and they can easily enjoy the scenery along the way and the beauty of their destinations. 1．More Chinese travelers choose shorter trips close to home in order to ________. A．save money B．avoid traveling far C．enjoy local life deeply D．save time for long trips 2．How did Lin Keya feel about her trip to the village? A．Relaxed. B．Tired. C．Bored. D．Excited. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Ms. Peng lives in Guiyang, far away from Leshan. B．Most people like spending more time on busy sightseeing. C．The development of high-speed rail helps the trend of shorter trips grow. D．The more cities are connected with the railway, the fewer young travelers will be. 4．Why does the text mention Lin Keya and Ms. Peng? A．To show how people plan trips. B．To give examples of the travel trend. C．To talk about their favorite cities. D．To explain why high-speed rail is popular. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了如今中国旅游市场悄然发生的改变，越来越多的游客不再执着于前往远方进行漫长而疲惫的旅行，而是选择在离家近的地方进行短途旅行，专家认为这是一种追求更慢、更深度的旅行体验的潮流，这种趋势的增长得益于中国高速铁路网络的发展。 1．细节理解题。根据“Instead, they choose short trips near their homes now! This is because they want to experience local life, not rush through sightseeing.”可知，越来越多的中国游客选择离家近的短途旅行是为了深入体验当地生活。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“In the morning, clear bird calls came through the window and woke her up. At night, bright moonlight covered the farmyard. With soft insect sounds from far away, she slept very well. ‘This natural place is like a pair of gentle hands. It eases the tiredness in my heart,’”可知，清晨，清脆的鸟鸣声透过窗户把她叫醒，晚上，明亮的月光洒满农家院落，伴随着远处传来的轻柔虫鸣声，她睡得很好，这个自然的地方就像一双温柔的手，能缓解她心中的疲惫，由此可推知，她觉得这次乡村之旅让她很放松。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“This trend (趋势) is growing because China is developing its high-speed rail network.”可知，中国高速铁路网络的发展促进了短途旅行趋势的增长。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Experts see this as a fashion for slower, deeper travel experiences. Lin Keya from Urumqi, Xinjiang, spent a few days in a village nearby for the National Day holiday last year…Another traveler, Ms. Peng, made a trip with her family from Guiyang to Leshan.”可知，文章第二段先提到专家认为现在更慢、更深度的旅行体验是一种潮流，接着举了Lin Keya国庆假期去附近村庄旅行和Ms. Peng带家人从贵阳到乐山旅行的例子，由此可推知，文章提到她们是为了举例说明这种旅行趋势。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连金普新区·阶段检测） Rules are everywhere! They tell us how to behave (行为). When we were kids, our parents told us to “be polite and honest”. At school, we should always “arrive on time” and “raise our hand to speak.” There are even rules for having fun—every sport has rules. But some rules develop over time and vary (变化) across countries, such as traffic rules. In 1868, the first traffic lights appeared in England. Later, in 1914, the first electric traffic lights were introduced in the United States. These developments helped establish (建立) traffic rules to manage the growing number of cars. By the early 20th century, driving rules became more common and widely followed. In most countries, such as China, Germany and Canada, people drive on the right-hand side of the road. In other countries, such as the UK, Australia and India, people drive on the left. However, the aim (目标) of traffic rules is the same everywhere: to keep people safe and the traffic moving. Can you imagine a world without rules? Surely it will be difficult and dangerous for everyone. To stay safe, we should follow the rules. 1．Rules are everywhere because _________. A．they arrive on time B．they tell us to be polite and honest C．they tell us how to behave D．they can do sports better 2．Why did traffic rules become more common in the early 20th century? A．Because parents asked children to follow traffic rules. B．Because electric traffic lights were invented in England. C．Because the number of cars was growing. D．Because more countries began to make traffic rules. 3．In which countries, people drive on the left-hand side? A．Germany and Canada. B．Australia and Germany. C．Canada and the UK. D．The UK and India. 4．What is the purpose of traffic rules around the world? A．To help more people buy cars. B．To be polite and honest. C．To keep people safe and traffic moving. D．To show the development of countries. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了规则无处不在，并特别讨论了交通规则的发展和变化，最后强调了规则的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“Rules are everywhere! They tell us how to behave (行为).”可知，规则告诉我们如何行为。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“These developments helped establish (建立) traffic rules to manage the growing number of cars.”可知，交通规则在20世纪初变得更加普遍是因为汽车的数量在增长。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“In other countries, such as the UK, Australia and India, people drive on the left.”可知，英国、澳大利亚和印度靠左行驶。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“However, the aim (目标) of traffic rules is the same everywhere: to keep people safe and the traffic moving.”可知，交通规则的目标全球一致：保障人们安全及交通畅通。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁本溪·期中） Chinese animated film Nobody《浪浪山小妖怪》 has become a dark horse sweeping the box office this summer. After 29 days, it had made over 1.4 billion yuan. Many people love it, giving it a high score of 8.6 out of 10 on Douban, a famous review website. The story follows a small pig monster who lives in a place called Langlang Mountain. He works hard for the Cave King, but doesn’t know how to please the king and makes him angry. After losing his job, he decides to leave the mountain and teams up with three other small and nameless monsters. Together, they pretend (假装) to be the famous group from Journey to the West and start a dangerous journey to grow and find their true selves. The film touches hearts because it shows the hardship (艰辛) of common people. The little monsters face big challenges and laugh at difficulties. Even though they are weak, they fight bravely. Many viewers (观众) say they see themselves in these characters, especially when they feel frustrated or stuck in hard situations. Nobody also stands out for its beautiful art style. Made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio, it uses traditional Chinese painting skills. The soft colors of ink-wash paintings and detailed brushwork create a special, dreamlike world. Scenes like foggy mountains or the fur on the monsters look very real and artistic. The movie shows respect for Chinese culture, too. For example, it references (参考) the classic 1986 TV show Journey to the West and ancient buildings from Shanxi Province. These small details make the story feel both old and new. Nobody is more than just a movie. It shows that Chinese stories can be told in fresh, exciting ways. As one viewer said, “The real hero is someone who keeps trying, even when things are tough.” This simple but powerful message makes Nobody a must-watch for everyone. 1．According to the text, how many small monsters are there in the film? A．Three. B．One. C．Two. D．Four. 2．What does the underlined word “frustrated” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．uncomfortable B．upset C．successful D．confident 3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the film’s success? A．Art style. B．Chinese culture. C．A high score. D．Characters like us. 4．What can we learn from Nobody? A．Only a strong person can be a hero. B．Giving up is the best choice. C．Keeping trying makes a real hero. D．Famous stories are always better. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国动画电影《浪浪山小妖怪》在今年夏天成为票房黑马的情况，包括其票房成绩、故事内容、触动人心之处、艺术风格、对中国文化的尊重以及所传达的信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“After losing his job, he decides to leave the mountain and teams up with three other small and nameless monsters.”可知，失去工作后，他决定离开大山，与另外三个无名的小怪物合作。所以，一共是四个小怪物。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“especially when they feel frustrated or stuck in hard situations”可知，尤其是当他们感到沮丧或陷入困境时。本句话中，“frustrated”与“stuck in hard situations”语义相近；“stuck in hard situations”表示“陷入困境”，结合常识，陷入困境的心情沮丧的，因此“frustrated”表示“沮丧的”，与upset同义。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Many people love it, giving it a high score of 8.6 out of 10 on Douban, a famous review website.”可知，许多人喜欢它，在著名的评论网站豆瓣上给了它8.6分的高分。高分是观众对电影的评价，并非电影成功的原因。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文且根据“The real hero is someone who keeps trying, even when things are tough.”可知，真正的英雄是不断尝试的人，即使事情很艰难。故选C。 主题06 人与社会——著名人物 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连中山区·期中） 1 British scientist Jane Goodall, known for her pioneering studies of chimpanzees (黑猩猩) passed away on Oct 1 at the age of 91. A post on the Jane Goodall Institute’s Instagram page said she died of natural causes while on a speaking tour in the US. 2 Born in England in 1934, Goodall had a natural love for wild animals and dreamed of working with them in Africa. In July 1960, aged 26, Goodall finally traveled to Tanzania and entered the little-known world of wild chimpanzees. Over the next 60 years, Goodall’s research changed how people understand human relationships with chimpanzees and introduced a new way to study wildlife. 3 Goodall’s research was pioneering because she lived closely with wild chimpanzee groups to learn about their social lives. She gave names to each chimp and formed close relationships with them, learning how similar they were to us. She saw that chimpanzees have complex (复杂的) social lives and different personalities (性格), such as being shy or outgoing. 4 Two of Goodall’s most important discoveries came in 1960. That year, she saw a group of chimpanzees eating red meat, challenging the old idea that chimps only ate plants. She also saw something even more surprising—a male (雄性的) chimpanzee making and using tools. This finding changed the long-held idea that humans are the only animals that use tools. Since then, scientists have found evidence (证据) of tool use in many parts of the animal world. 5 Besides her research, Goodall traveled the world to speak about the dangers facing chimpanzees and the environmental challenges facing Earth, encouraging people to take action for all living things and the planet we share.“The least I can do is speak out for those who cannot speak for themselves,” Goodall told National Geographic magazine. 1．Jane Goodall was ________ years old when she started her studying chimpanzees in Tanzania. A．91 B．60 C．26 D．18 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．How Jane Goodall’s pioneering research was done. B．Where Jane Goodall found wild chimpanzee groups. C．Why Jane Goodall loved wild animals from a young age. D．What Jane Goodall discovered about chimpanzees’ eating habits. 3．What important finding of Jane Goodall changed the idea that humans are the only tool-users? A．Chimpanzees have complex social lives. B．Chimpanzees sometimes eat red meat. C．Chimpanzees have different personalities. D．A male chimpanzee made and used tools. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Chimpanzees in Africa B．Giving nature a voice C．Better late than never D．Jane Goodall’s travels around the world 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了英国科学家珍·古道尔对黑猩猩的开创性研究、重要发现以及她为保护黑猩猩和地球环境所做出的努力。 1．细节理解题。根据“In July 1960, aged 26, Goodall finally traveled to Tanzania and entered the little-known world of wild chimpanzees.”可知，她开始研究黑猩猩时是26岁。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Goodall’s research was pioneering because she lived closely with wild chimpanzee groups to learn about their social lives.”及段落后续内容，可知该段主要讲述了古道尔的开创性研究是如何开展的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“She also saw something even more surprising—a male chimpanzee making and using tools. This finding changed the long-held idea that humans are the only animals that use tools.”可知，是雄性黑猩猩制造和使用工具的发现改变了长期以来“人类是唯一会使用工具的动物”的观念。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章不仅介绍了古道尔对黑猩猩的研究成果，还强调了她为黑猩猩和环境保护发声的行动，文中引用了的她的话：“The least I can do is speak out for those who cannot speak for themselves”。选项B“为自然发声”最能概括全文主旨。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁锦州凌海市·期中） Zhu Xi, a famous Chinese educator in ancient times, created the “step-by-step” learning method (方法). This method encourages learners to study step by step, starting with simple topics and then moving to more difficult ones. Zhu believed that fully learning one topic before moving to the next was key to success. For example, in math, students should first learn basic arithmetic (基本算术) before studying formulas. This method has clear advantages (优点). First, it helps build a strong base of knowledge. By paying attention to basic knowledge, learners can understand and accept new knowledge faster and better. Second, it teaches learners to be patient as they learn. Slow learning trains students to stay focused (专心的) and not to rush. However, the method also has disadvantages. Some learners might find it too slow, especially those who want to make faster progress. Also, strictly following a fixed learning order can sometimes make learners less creative. Zhu’s learning method works well in subjects where ideas build on each other, like math, language, and science. For example, in language learning, understanding grammar rules before reading long texts is necessary. However, teachers and students should change the learning method properly to meet their needs. If a student feels ready to move faster, he can do so. As Zhu Xi stressed, leaning should be like climbing a mountain-step by step, but with flexibility (灵活性). By mixing knowledge, practice, and a clear plan, Zhu’s learning method remains useful today. It reminds us that success often comes from continuous learning and practice. 1．What’s the key to success according to Zhu Xi? A．Learning as fast as possible. B．Focusing on difficult learning materials. C．Mastering one topic completely then move to the next. D．Learning basic arithmetic before studying formulas. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．The advantage of Zhu Xi’s method. B．The successful learner. C．The importance of basic knowledge. D．The “step-by-step” learning method. 3．Which of the following is a disadvantage of Zhu’s learning method? A．It teaches learners to be patient. B．Some learners may find it too slow. C．Learners can be more creative. D．It makes learners understand new knowledge faster. 4．“Step-by-step” learning method works well in ________ according to the text. ①history ②math ③English ④science A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④ 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了古代中国教育家朱熹创立的“循序渐进”学习法，包括该方法的核心内容、优缺点及适用学科等。 1．细节理解题。根据“Zhu believed that fully learning one topic before moving to the next was key to success.”可知，朱熹认为成功的关键是完全掌握一个主题后再学习下一个。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“This method has clear advantages (优点). First, it helps build a strong base of knowledge.”以及后文围绕“循序渐进学习法”展开可知，“it”指代的是该学习法。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“However, the method also has disadvantages. Some learners might find it too slow...”可知，该方法的缺点之一是部分学习者会觉得它进度太慢。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Zhu’s learning method works well in subjects where ideas build on each other, like math, language, and science.”可知，该方法适用于数学、语言（含英语）、科学学科。故选C。 主题07 人与社会——文学、文化、教育 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳浑南区·期中） Three talented ancient Chinese women Li Qingzhao, a famous Song dynasty poet, was known for her works showing her joyful early marriage and later loneliness after her husband’s death. She also expressed patriotism by praising heroes and criticizing weak rulers. Ban Zhao, the first woman historian in China, completed Han Shu and authored Nü Jie, a guide for women’s behavior. She was also skilled in writing poems. She was remembered as Cao Dagu for her knowledge and taught royalty. Xue Tao, a Tang Dynasty talent, invented colorful writing paper called Xue Tao jian. Xue was talented in poetry and music. Her poems expressed personal feelings and sympathy for soldiers. 1．What was the theme (主题) of Li Qingzhao’s poems after losing her husband? A．Beauty of wonderful nature. B．Feeling sorry for brave soldiers. C．Busy and happy life experiences. D．Loneliness and love for her lover. 2．What did Xue Tao create for writing poems? A．A new type of ink. B．Colorful writing paper. C．A musical instrument. D．A good writing brush. 3．What do the three women have in common? A．They all worked as royal teachers. B．They were all good at writing poems. C．They were famous as great historians. D．They were all born in the Song Dynasty. 4．In which section (版面) of a magazine may this text appear? A．Science. B．Fashion. C．Culture. D．Health. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三位中国古代才女 (宋代诗人李清照、汉代女史学家班昭、唐代才女薛涛) 的核心身份、代表成就与作品风格，展现了她们在文学、史学等领域的才华，凸显了古代女性的智慧与文化贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据文中对李清照的描述“her works showing her joyful early marriage and later loneliness after her husband’s death”可知，她丧夫后作品的主题是“孤独与对爱人的思念”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。文中明确提到薛涛“invented colorful writing paper called Xue Tao jian”可知，她发明了名为“薛涛笺”的彩色信纸。故选B。 3．细节理解题。文中信息显示：李清照是“poet”，班昭“skilled in writing poems”，薛涛“talented in poetry”，因此三人的共同点是都擅长写诗。故选B。 4．推理判断题。综合全文可知，本文介绍了古代女性的文学、史学成就，属于文化领域内容，因此会出现在杂志的“文化”版面。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁本溪·期中） Li Fang is an engineer during the day, but in the evening, she becomes a student at a night school in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. She is trying new hobbies with her 4-year-old daughter, including art and jazz dance. She used to spend evenings watching her daughter play in the park. Now, she can experience new things together with her daughter at a night school. A growing number of Chinese people go to night schools. They can get colourful courses from dancing and sports to wine tasting. These courses usually cost hardly anything. They have become popular among young people who want to look for new skills, hobbies and friends. In the 1980s, many people studied at night schools for middle school courses. However, night schools disappeared because of the popularization (普及) of higher education. The latest fashion came to Shanghai last autumn, when more than 650,000 people competed for 10,000 places at the city’s night schools. Night schools have also rapidly appeared in other cities. Miss Wang in Wuhan thinks night schools are good places to make friends. “I used to spend much of my time alone. Since I went to night school, I have felt more connected with modern society. Besides, chatting to people with similar hobbies is a lot of fun,” she said. Young people strongly wish to improve themselves and make their cultural lives colourful. That has made night schools popular. 1．Before attending the night school, what did Li Fang usually do in the evening? A．She watched her daughter play. B．She experienced new hobbies. C．She tried new things. D．She learned jazz dance. 2．How much does it cost if young people go to night schools? A．A little. B．Much. C．Little or nothing. D．Too much. 3．What does Miss Wang think of night schools? A．They are good places to learn middle school courses. B．They are good places to spend time alone. C．They are good places to chat with interesting people. D．They are good places to connect with modern society. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Night schools will disappear because of higher education. B．Night schools will provide fewer courses for young people. C．Night schools will cost young people more money. D．Night schools will attract more young people. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了如今越来越多的中国人去夜校学习，夜校提供丰富多彩且几乎免费的课程，受到想寻找新技能、爱好和朋友的年轻人的欢迎，还讲述了不同人对夜校的看法以及夜校受欢迎的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据“She used to spend evenings watching her daughter play in the park.”可知，在去夜校之前，李芳晚上通常看女儿在公园玩。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“They can get colourful courses from dancing and sports to wine tasting. These courses usually cost hardly anything.”可知，年轻人去夜校几乎不用花钱或者花很少的钱。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Since I went to night school, I have felt more connected with modern society.”可知，王小姐认为夜校是与现代社会建立联系的好地方。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“Young people strongly wish to improve themselves and make their cultural lives colourful. That has made night schools popular.”可知，年轻人强烈希望提升自己，让文化生活丰富多彩，这使得夜校很受欢迎，由此可推断出夜校会吸引更多的年轻人。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁葫芦岛·期中） You learn new words every day. Have you ever wondered how the English language got so many words and different spellings? Or why do some words with the same spelling sound so different? There are only twenty-six letters in English, but the language has over a million words. Why is that? This is partly because those 26 letters create 44 sounds, and those 44 sounds have 256 different spelling choices! Most of English words are formed from old Latin roots (拉丁语词根). For example, the Latin root audio, meaning to hear, has created hundreds of English words. And many English words come from Greek, too. The Greek root graph, meaning to write or to draw, has given English many words like photograph and geography. Greek and Latin are not the only reason for the different words and spellings. English has “borrowed” words from many other languages. The pronunciations of these words are very similar to the original (原始的) ones. For example, chow mein from Chinese, confetti from Italian, and chauffeur from French. These are just a few examples of the “borrowed” words in English. Finding the source (来源) of words will help you to understand why sounds are spelled differently. As an example, the word ship and sugar both have sh sound, but they are spelled differently. It’s because ship came from the German word schiff and sugar was from Indian word carkara. Different sources make them have different spellings with the same sound. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic (主题) in Paragraph 1? A．By giving examples. B．By telling stories. C．By asking questions. D．By making conversations. 2．The underlined word chow mein may sound like ________ in Chinese. A．Chao mian B．Mi xian C．Hun dun D．Tang yuan 3．Which language do most English words come from? A．Greek. B．Latin. C．Italian. D．French. 4．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．There are 256 words in English. B．The Latin root audio means to write. C．All the English words are borrowed. D．The sources of ship and sugar are different. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文讲述了英语词汇数量庞大、来源多样（拉丁语、希腊语及其他借词），以及词源对拼写和发音的影响，并建议通过寻找词源理解拼写差异。 【详解】125．第一段“Have you ever wondered how the English language got so many words and different spellings? Or why do some words with the same spelling sound so different?”，可知作者使用提问方式引入话题。 1．第四段提到借词“chow mein from Chinese”，其发音与中文“炒面”相似，故对应“Chao mian”。 2．第三段明确说明“Most of English words are formed from old Latin roots”，因此大部分英语词汇来自拉丁语。 3．第五段指出“ship came from the German word schiff and sugar was from Indian word carkara”，说明两者来源不同。 主题01 人与社会——发明创造 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁沈阳铁西区·期中） ①Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only curious.” The greatest inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity (好奇). ②Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He tried to find out all about it. For example, he flew a kite during a storm. His curiosity led him to invent the lighting rod. This invention protects buildings from lighting. ③Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”! He lost his life while testing this invention. Although he failed, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People learnt from his example, and created safer ways to explore space. ④But curiosity is more than just doing dangerous things. It also drives people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? He spent years studying the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China’s first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues to influence scientists today. ⑤As Jacques Cousteau said, “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world. 1．Why is Albert Einstein’s saying mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To show that he was not proud. B．To introduce the topic of curiosity. C．To explain the reason for his success. D．To compare him with other scientists. 2．Whose invention is still used today according to the text? A．Wan Hu’s. B．Jacques Cousteau’s. C．Zhang Heng’s. D．Benjamin Franklin’s. 3．Which is the topic sentence of Paragraph 4? A．How did everything in the world move? B．Zhang Heng was curious about the world. C．Curiosity also drives people towards certain goals. D．Curiosity is more than just doing dangerous things. 4．How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph 1,②=Paragraph 2…) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了好奇心在人类历史中的重要性，并通过多个例子说明好奇心如何推动科学发现和发明创造。 1．细节理解题。根据“Albert Einstein once said... The greatest inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity (好奇).”可知，引用爱因斯坦的话是为了引出“好奇心”这一主题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Benjamin Franklin... His curiosity led him to invent the lighting rod. This invention protects buildings from lighting.”可知，富兰克林发明的避雷针至今仍被用于保护建筑。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据“But curiosity is more than just doing dangerous things. It also drives people towards certain goals.”可知，该段主旨句是“好奇心也会推动人们朝着特定目标前进”。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。文章结构为：①引出“好奇心”主题；②③④分别从“带来新发现、让人勇敢、推动目标”三个方面阐述好奇心的作用；⑤总结好奇心的意义。对应结构是“总（①）—分（②③④）—总（⑤）”，即选项A的图示。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连中山区·期中） Getting it just right Pull-ups (引体向上) are one of the most common exercises. But they’re hard to do in the right way. Recently, three junior middle school students from Beijing made a monitor (监测器) to help people do pull-ups better. They won the first prize for their work in the 44th Beijing Youth Science Creation Competition in March. The three are from different schools in Beijing. Their shared interest in programming (编程) brought them together in a class at a science museum.“Each of us was good at different parts of programming, so we decided to take part in the competition as a team,” said 13-year-old Zhang Luotu, the team leader. “Many classmates were doing pull-ups in the wrong way without realizing they could get hurt,” said Zhang.“So we made this to help.” The monitor has two parts—two small sensors (传感器) and a pair of gloves. First, users put the sensors on their arms. While doing pull-ups, the sensors measure (测量) the electrical signals from each arm. The monitor then checks if the numbers match. If not, the gloves shine a red light. This can help people know they do pull-ups in the wrong way. “Pull-ups are a common PE test in many places, but we think they should be more than that,” Zhang said.“They are a great exercise and we should try to do them in the right way.” 1．What did the three students make to win the first prize in the competition? A．A monitor.     B．A web page. C．A robot. D．A PE exercise. 2．According to Zhang Luotu, why did they decide to work as a team? A．Because they all went to the same school. B．Because their teacher asked them to work together. C．Because they had the same interests in both study and life. D．Because each of them was good at different parts of programming. 3．What does the pull-up monitor do to show that people do pull-ups in the wrong way? A．It makes a loud sound. B．The gloves shine a red light. C．It stops working immediately. D．The sensors send messages to teachers. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Ways to do pull-ups correctly. B．The importance of pull-ups in PE tests. C．Three students’ invention that can help with pull-ups. D．The benefits of the science creation competitions for young people. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了三名北京初中生因共同爱好编程而组成团队，发明了一款用于规范引体向上动作的监测器，并因此在北京青少年科学创新大赛中获奖的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Recently, three junior middle school students from Beijing made a monitor to help people do pull-ups better. They won the first prize for their work in the 44th Beijing Youth Science Creation Competition in March.”可知，他们获奖的作品是一个监测器。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Each of us was good at different parts of programming, so we decided to take part in the competition as a team…”可知，他们组队的原因是各自擅长编程的不同领域。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“The monitor then checks if the numbers match. If not, the gloves shine a red light. This can help people know they do pull-ups in the wrong way.”可知，监测器通过手套亮红灯来提示动作错误。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要围绕三名学生发明引体向上监测器这一事件展开，介绍了他们组队的缘由、发明的动机以及监测器的工作原理。因此，文章的主旨是介绍这项能帮助规范引体向上动作的发明。选项C“三名学生的能帮助进行引体向上的发明。”准确概括了文章核心内容。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁盘锦大洼区·期中） Early in the morning, everybody is in a hurry, but the roads are very busy. Can we take an air taxi to go from one place to another? The Chinese company EHang says that this may not be very far away. Its EH216-S is an electric aircraft (电动飞行器). In 2023, the aircraft had an official permit (官方许可证) to fly people without a pilot. EH216-S can carry two people. It can fly 130 kilometers every hour. This is much faster than taxis on the road. And it can take off from and land at any flat (平坦的) place, such as the top of a building or the square in a park. To make the passengers safe, new technologies are used in the aircraft. The aircraft has 16 propellers (螺旋桨). If some of them break, others can still work to make the aircraft fly safely. It can check its “health” by itself. For example, if a bird hits it, it will find out whether it should go on flying or land at a safe place near there. AI helps set a few routes before flying. If there is something happening on one route, the aircraft will choose another. Of course, the aircraft must go through full safety and technological tests before it can truly be used. And the government must make rules to better control the fast-growing industry (行业). 1．What is EH216-S? A．An electric aircraft. B．A car. C．A train. D．A ship. 2．How many people can EH216-S carry? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What can EH216-S do to keep passengers safe? A．It can fly faster than road taxis. B．It needs a pilot to control it. C．It can check its own “health” by itself. D．It can take off from the top of a building. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．A New Kind of Taxi on the Road B．The History of Electric Aircraft C．How to Solve Traffic Problems D．The Coming Air Taxi—EH216-S 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国公司EHang生产的电动飞行器EH216-S，包括其定义、载客量、安全性能以及未来应用前景。 1．根据第二段中的“Its EH216-S is an electric aircraft (电动飞行器).”可知，EH216-S是一种电动飞行器。 2．根据第三段中的“EH216-S can carry two people.”可知，EH216-S飞行器可以承载两个人。 3．根据第六段中的“It can check its ‘health’ by itself. For example, if a bird hits it, it will find out whether it should go on flying or land at a safe place near there.”可知，为了保障乘客安全，它可以自行检查“健康状况”。 4．通读全文可知，文章主要围绕新型空中出租车EH216-S展开，介绍了它的特点、安全性及未来展望。因此，选项D“The Coming Air Taxi—EH216-S”最适合作为文章标题。 主题02 人与社会——科普 Passage 1 （23-24九年级上·辽宁丹东振兴区·期末） Many people dream of traveling into outer space. However, spending too much time in space may cause health problems. That’s why astronauts shouldn’t spend more than six months on the International Space Station (ISS) at a time. Muscle (肌肉) and bone loss(骨质损失). In a weightless environment, astronauts don’t need to use their muscles to support themselves. So their muscles start shrinking (萎缩). To keep their muscles strong, astronauts need to exercise for about two hours each day on the ISS. Sleep disorder (紊乱). In space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle (循环) when they sleep. Also, they need to sleep in a sleeping bag that is fixed to a wall. It is uncomfortable. Now astronauts have individual (单独的) sleeping pods (睡眠舱) that help shut out some of the light. Still, studies have found that most astronauts only sleep about six hours each night, even though they should have eight and a half hours. Brain changes. Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during spaceflight. This can influence how the brain deals with how we see, stay balanced (平衡) and move around. That’s why some astronauts can’t control their movement and balance after returning to Earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights. But they still need to do more research. 1．When astronauts don’t use their muscles in space, _______. A．they should eat much meat B．their muscles start shrinking C．they need to exercise all day D．they can’t support themselves 2．Astronauts can’t sleep well mainly because of _______. A．the weight B．the temperature C．the light D．the air 3．An astronaut can’t control his movement because _______. A．his muscle shrinks B．he can’t sleep well C．he doesn’t have any research D．the position of his brain changes 4．How is the text organized?(①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2 ...) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了宇航员长期在太空可能产生的各种健康问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In a weightless environment, astronauts don’t need to use their muscles to support themselves. So their muscles start shrinking (萎缩).”可知，当宇航员在太空中不使用肌肉时，他们的肌肉开始萎缩。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle (循环) when they sleep.”可知，宇航员睡不好主要是因为光线。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during spaceflight. This can influence how the brain deals with how we see, stay balanced (平衡) and move around. That’s why some astronauts can’t control their movement and balance after returning to Earth.”可知，因为大脑位置发生了变化，所以一些宇航员无法控制自己的移动。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。第一段总领全文，介绍宇航员长期在太空可能产生的各种健康问题，第二、三、四段分别从不同方面具体阐述，文章为“总—分”结构。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁锦州太和区·期中） P1  People often set many alarms to wake themselves up for fear of oversleeping. However, this can be bad for one’s health because it makes sleep quality poorer according to Brandon Peters, a doctor from Virginia Mason Franciscan Health in Seattle, the US. P2  A good sleep happens in cycles (周期), according to Medical News Today. Each cycle has four stages. During stage one, we go into a light sleep. Our body relaxes and our heartbeat (心跳) slows. As we fall deeper into sleep, stage two begins. Our eyes stop moving and our body temperature drops. Then comes the third stage which is the deepest sleep and also the hardest for people to wake up from. Last is the fourth stage, known as rapid eye movement sleep, or REM sleep. Our eyes move rapidly from side to side during this stage. At the same time, our breathing picks up and our heartbeat rises. P3  REM sleep is very important because most of our dreams take place during it. This allows our brain to process emotions (情绪，情感). REM sleep also helps the brain turn the new knowledge learned during the day into memories. “When we get enough REM sleep, it is easier to focus on studying the next day,” said the National Sleep Foundation of the US. P4  Since REM sleep mostly takes place in the last hours of a night’s sleep, it is a bad idea to disrupt it with alarms ringing one after another. “My general advice is that you set one alarm,” said Alicia Roth at the Cleveland Clinic in the US. She also suggested that people try alarms that use light, not sound, to wake up, according to CNN. 1．What’s the RIGHT order of the sleeping stages? a. A sleep in which people’s body temperature drops. b. A light sleep. c. REM sleep. d. The deepest sleep and also the hardest for people to wake up. A．b-a-d-c B．a-b-c-d C．b-d-c-a D．a-b-d-c 2．Which is Not true according to the text? A．Most of our dreams take place during REM sleep. B．A good sleep happens in cycles and each cycle has four stages. C．During stage three, our eyes stop moving and our body temperature drops. D．It is not good to disturb it with alarms ringing one after another during REM sleep. 3．How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph1, ②=Paragraph2, ...) A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “disrupt” mean in Chinese? A．提醒 B．扰乱 C．继续 D．记得 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了睡眠的四个阶段及其特点，重点说明了快速眼动睡眠的重要性，并指出设置多个闹钟会扰乱睡眠周期、损害健康。 1．细节理解题。根据“Each cycle has four stages. During stage one, we go into a light sleep. Our body relaxes and our heartbeat (心跳) slows. As we fall deeper into sleep, stage two begins. Our eyes stop moving and our body temperature drops. Then comes the third stage which is the deepest sleep and also the hardest for people to wake up from. Last is the fourth stage, known as rapid eye movement sleep, or REM sleep. Our eyes move rapidly from side to side during this stage. At the same time, our breathing picks up and our heartbeat rises.”可知，睡眠第一阶段是浅睡；第二阶段是体温下降的睡眠；第三阶段是最深睡眠且最难醒来；第四阶段是快速眼动睡眠。正确的顺序是b→a→d→c。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“As we fall deeper into sleep, stage two begins. Our eyes stop moving and our body temperature drops.”可知，眼睛停止转动和体温下降是睡眠第二阶段的特点，不是第三阶段。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第1段提出设置多个闹钟有害健康的现象和观点；第2段和第3段解释睡眠周期的四个阶段及快速眼动睡眠的重要性；第4段呼应开头，再次强调不应设置多个闹钟扰乱睡眠，并给出建议。因此结构为①/②③/④。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据“with alarms ringing one after another”可知，连续响起的闹钟会干扰或扰乱快速眼动睡眠。“disrupt”意为“扰乱”。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁营口一中·期中） The Yarlung Zangbo River, China’s longest plateau (高原) river, is the most important waterway in Tibet. Starting from the Jima Yangzong Glacier on the Himalayas’ northern side, it runs through several Tibetan places. Then it heads south, finally flowing into the Indian Ocean. In China, it runs about 2,057 kilometers and holds lots of water. In Tibet, the river helps farmers grow crops and also creates a huge, deep canyon (峡谷) near Nyingchi City, which is known as the world’s deepest canyon. This area is home to many protected animals. On July 19, 2025, China started building a new hydroelectric project (水利工程) which will use the river’s fast-flowing water to make electricity. Workers will build five small dams connected by long tunnels (隧道) underground. These tunnels will carry water from high places to lower places, using the river’s natural drop of almost 2,200 meters to drive machines. With a cost of 1.2 trillion yuan, the project will take many years to complete. Once finished, it will produce enough electricity for millions of homes. And there are some key facts showing how people can use nature’s power without hurting the environment. Smart Design: Engineers make the water drop 2,200 meters over just 50 km to create strong power. Helping Nature: Special paths for fish will be built, and enough water will flow downstream to protect animals and plants. Better Lives: It brings jobs for 200,000 people and gives Tibet 20 billion yuan each year for schools, roads, and hospitals. 1．Which is the correct order of the Yarlung Zangbo River’s journey? ①Reaches the Indian Ocean. ②Goes across Tibetan areas. ③Turns south close to Nyingchi. ④Comes from Jima Yangzong Glacier. A．④→③→②→① B．①→④→②→③ C．④→②→③→① D．②→④→①→③ 2．How does the project make power? A．Build tunnels above ground. B．Water falls down to run machines. C．Connect machines to slow water. D．Dig tunnels to transport animals. 3．What can we know about the project’s design? A．It will harm the canyon’s depth. B．It focuses only on making electricity cheaply. C．It changes the river’s natural flow completely. D．It balances power needs and nature protection. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Start of the Yarlung Zangbo River. B．The World’s Deepest Canyon in Tibet. C．How to Protect the Environment in Tibet. D．A Green Hydroelectric Project on the Yarlung Zangbo River. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国最长的高原河流雅鲁藏布江，以及正在建设中的雅鲁藏布江水力发电工程，包括河流概况、工程设计、环保措施和社会经济效益。 1．根据第一段“Starting from the Jima Yangzong Glacier...it runs through several Tibetan places. Then it heads south, finally flowing into the Indian Ocean.”可知，雅鲁藏布江的流程顺序为：发源于吉马羊宗冰川④→流经西藏地区②→向南靠近林芝③→最终注入印度洋①，正确顺序为④→②→③→①。 2．根据第二段“These tunnels will carry water from high places to lower places, using the river’s natural drop of almost 2,000 meters to drive machines.”可知，工程通过让水流从高处落下，利用落差驱动机器发电。 3．根据第三段“And there are some key facts showing how people can use nature’s power without hurting the environment...Special paths for fish will be built, and enough water will flow downstream to protect animals and plants.”可知，工程在设计中兼顾了发电需求与自然保护。 4．全文围绕雅鲁藏布江的水力发电工程展开，重点介绍了该工程的绿色环保设计与发电功能，D选项“A Green Hydroelectric Project on the Yarlung Zangbo River.”最能概括全文内容，作为标题最合适。 主题03 人与社会——传统文化 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁锦州凌海市·期中） Wufangzhai is a famous brand of zongzi and it has a long history in China. Started in 1921, Wufangzhai was once a small workshop in Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Now it has over 400 shops in many big cities across China. And it makes over 1.8 million zongzi each day during the Dragon Boat Festival. The meat zongzi is the most popular in Wufangzhai. It tastes good, but it’s not plain to make a meat zongzi. It needs 36 steps, from preparing materials, adding meat to the rice, weighing, to wrapping (包) it with leaves by hand. The excellent workers there can wrap seven zongzi in one minute. This May, Wufangzhai opened a museum to share its history and skills of zongzi making. Many parents took their kids there and they joined in its activities during the Dragon Boat Festival. Yao Xinguo is an expert of zongzi making. He showed visitors how to do it in the museum. “One hand should hold the leaves, and the other pushes them up,” said Yao patiently. The kids watched him carefully and then tried making zongzi by themselves. They felt excited after finishing it. Through the museum, Wufangzhai hopes more young people can learn about the traditional Chinese food and its culture. 1．Wufangzhai has a history of ________ years. A．over 400 B．over 300 C．over 200 D．over 100 2．The underlined word “plain” in paragraph 2 means “________”. A．patient B．difficult C．simple D．slow 3．What’s the RIGHT order of making a meat zongzi? ①wrap it with leaves ②prepare materials ③weigh the zongzi ④add meat to the rice A．③①④② B．④①③② C．②④③① D．②③④① 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Wufangzhai makes over 1.8 million zongzi every day. B．The museum is opened to share its skills of zongzi making. C．Yao Xinguo is the owner of Wufangzhai. D．The kids felt tired after finishing making zongzi by themselves. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了五芳斋粽子的历史、制作工艺以及其开设博物馆推广传统文化的举措。 1．细节理解题。根据“Started in 1921…”可推知，截至当前年份，五芳斋已有100多年的历史。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“It tastes good, but it’s not plain to make a meat zongzi”以及后文提到需要36道步骤可知，此处说明制作复杂，因此“plain”应意为“简单的”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“It needs 36 steps, from preparing materials, adding meat to the rice, weighing, to wrapping (包) it with leaves by hand”可知，正确顺序为②→④→③→①。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Wufangzhai opened a museum to share its history and skills of zongzi making”可知，五芳斋开设博物馆分享粽子制作历史和技艺，B项符合。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁盘锦大洼区·期中） Do you like collecting tea sets? How much do you know about tea sets? Do you know that they have changed a lot over time? In general, tea sets have become smaller and simpler after a lot of changes. There are few records of tea sets before the Tang Dynasty. In Cha Jing, a great book written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty, 43 kinds of tools used for making and drinking tea are mentioned. The tea sets in the Tang Dynasty were simple and functional (实用的) while the ones in the Song Dynasty were more beautiful. In the Song Dynasty, tea-tasting competitions enjoyed great popularity. The tea bottle used in the game often had a big belly (肚子), a long neck, and a curved (弧形的) mouth, which could control the water better when filling a cup. Cups made of black glaze (黑釉) were especially loved by people then. The color matched the tea better and the thickness of the cup could help keep the tea warm. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea sets became simple again, and those made of gold and silver disappeared (消失) bit by bit. To test the color of the tea, white tea sets were more popular. In the Qing Dynasty, purple clay tea sets made in Yixing, Jiangsu flourished and were loved widely. It is said that tea brewed (冲泡) in Yixing’s purple clay tea sets still tastes good after being kept in the teapot for one night even in hot summer. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By providing a fact. D．By giving a few examples. 2．What do we know about tea sets in the Song Dynasty? A．They were small and simple. B．They were invented for a game. C．The shape of the tea bottle helped control the water. D．Tea bottles made of black glaze were more popular. 3．When did purple clay tea sets become popular? A．In the Ming Dynasty. B．In the Qing Dynasty. C．In the Song Dynasty. D．In the Tang Dynasty. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The history of tea sets. B．A great book about tea. C．The importance of tea sets. D．Different dynasties in history. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了茶具的发展历史。 1．根据第一段中的“Do you like collecting tea sets? How much do you know about tea sets? Do you know that they have changed a lot over time?”可知，作者是通过提问的方式开篇的。 2．根据第三段中的“The tea bottle used in the game often had a big belly (肚子), a long neck, and a curved (弧形的) mouth, which could control the water better when filling a cup. Cups made of black glaze (黑釉) were especially loved by people then.”可知，宋朝茶瓶的形状有助于更好地控制水流。 3．根据最后一段中的“In the Qing Dynasty, purple clay tea sets made in Yixing, Jiangsu flourished and were loved widely.”可知，紫砂茶具在清代变得流行并受到广泛喜爱。 4．通读全文可知，文章按照时间顺序介绍了中国茶具在不同历史时期的形状、材质及变化，因此文章主要讲述的是茶具的历史。 主题04 人与社会——人际交往 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连瓦房店市·期中） We all hope for deep and lasting friendships with other people. Making friends, however, is as simple as it is difficult. Do you find it hard to make new friends? Here is some experts’ advice. Accept the awkwardness (尴尬). Heather Havrilesky is an agony aunt (答问专栏作者). “Many people think that everybody already has his friends,” she says. “This is a wrong idea. Nobody already has their friends.” It is uncomfortable to send the first message or hang out one-on-one for the first time. You have to accept that awkwardness. You can’t have friends without feeling awkward. Spend time on your hobbies. If you ask people how you can make new friends, many of them will tell you to try picking up a hobby. Havrilesky says that this truly works. “Do the things you like and you will naturally draw people to you,” she says, “You will meet people with the same hobbies.” You may start with your favorite hobby: If it doesn’t work out, remind yourself that you have many talents. You don’t have to be interested in just one thing.Care about your friends. If you want to have deep friendships, you have to take care of them: In her book The Art of Showing Up, Rachel Wilkerson Miller shares two tips on building friendships. First, take notes of your conversations with your friends. They will offer you points of connection later. Second, remember the names of people in your friends’ lives to show how much you care about them. 1．It’s natural to feel ________ when sending the first message to someone. A．proud B．awkward C．lost D．disappointed 2．What does the underlined word “draw” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Attract. B．Paint. C．Mention. D．Invite. 3．How can you show you care about your new friends? A．By developing a hobby. B．By taking photos for them. C．By sending them gifts. D．By taking notes of your conversations. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Benefits of making new friends. B．Advice on keeping close friendships. C．Ways to build long friendships. D．Challenges of meeting new people. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了专家提出的建立长久友谊的具体方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is uncomfortable to send the first message or hang out one-on-one for the first time. You have to accept that awkwardness.”可知，发送第一条信息时会感到不舒服，需要接受这种尴尬。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“‘Do the things you like and you will naturally draw people to you,’ she says, ‘You will meet people with the same hobbies.’”可知，做你喜欢的事，你自然会吸引志同道合的人，你会遇到有相同爱好的人，因此draw表示“吸引”，即Attract。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“you have to take care of them...First, take notes of your conversations with your friends.”可知，记录与朋友的对话。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章可知，本文主要介绍了专家提出的建立长久友谊的具体方法。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁抚顺顺城区·期中） A reader wrote it to say that she was feeling lonely at break because her best friend wasn’t around. Here’s our advice to her and to all kids who feel lonely sometimes. It’s hard when a best friend isn’t around, maybe because she moved to a different school or a different class. You may feel lonely at break or lunchtime. You want to have new friends. But how do you make them? Maybe it seems like everybody else already has their friends. But remember, there’s always room for more friends. Start by looking around your classroom—think about which kids you’d like to play with at break. Look for chances to say hi to them, smile, and be friendly. Offer to share something or express your appreciation (欣赏) to them. Invite someone to play with you or say, “Do you want to sit here?” in the lunchroom. When you’re at break, walk over to kids you want to play with, be friendly, and say, “Hi, can I play, too?” or just join in. If you have trouble doing this or if you’re feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends. Teachers are usually pretty good at matching up friends. The best way to make friends is to be a friend. Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to help and pretty soon, you’ll have one, or two, or even more new friends. You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other, you can share something you didn’t have before she left. You can introduce her to your new friends! 1．Who is this text written for? A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Students. D．Visitors. 2．According to the writer, why do some kids feel lonely at break? A．Because they have trouble with their studies. B．Because they don’t have their best friends around. C．Because they need their parents to be with them. D．Because they are too young to look after themselves. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Sharing your ideas. B．Talking before many people. C．Studying better at school. D．Developing new friendships. 4．What’s the structure of this passage? ①= Paragraph 1… A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了有读者写信表示课间因最好的朋友不在身边而感到孤独，作者给出了一些应对孤独、结交新朋友的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“A reader wrote it to say that she was feeling lonely at break because her best friend wasn’t around. Here’s our advice to her and to all kids who feel lonely sometimes.”可知，本文是写给那些有时感到孤独的孩子们的，也就是学生。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“A reader wrote it to say that she was feeling lonely at break because her best friend wasn’t around.”可知，一些孩子在课间感到孤独是因为他们最好的朋友不在身边。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“If you have trouble doing this or if you’re feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends.”可知，如果你在做这件事上有困难或者感到害羞，就请老师帮你交新朋友，由此可推测出“this”指代的是“交新朋友”，故选D。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段提出读者因最好的朋友不在身边而感到孤独的问题；第二段分析孩子感到孤独的原因；第三、四段给出结交新朋友的建议；第五段提到可以和新朋友分享离开朋友的近况。选项D符合文章结构。故选D。 主题05 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁葫芦岛兴城市·期中） Human activities are changing the surface (表面) and temperature of the planet. But new research shows they are also changing the sound of the Earth’s oceans. The change does harm to marine (海洋) life, so humans need to find ways to solve it. The ocean is not quiet. Instead, it is filled with all kinds of sounds, which are important in daily lives of marine animals. When a fish is hungry, sounds guide it to find small plants or other fish to eat. When danger like a big shark comes, sounds can warn animals to swim away quickly and stay safe. Besides, marine animals use sounds to talk to each other— mother whales, for example, use soft sounds to call their babies. However, human activities are now disrupting this balance by making the ocean noisy. The main sources include busy shipping traffic, fishing boats and other human activities. The noise pollution creates a serious problem: animals can hardly hear each other, and leave the noisiest area. Worse still, since 1970, the number of marine animals has dropped by about half. We often talk about threats (威胁) to the ocean like rubbish, climate change and overfishing(过度捕捞). But noise pollution is another big problem to solve. The good news is that it is easier to fix than other ocean threats. If we want to protect the ocean, we can try small things to make it quieter—like slowing down ships to reduce engine noise. This simple step will give marine animals a healthy and peaceful home. 1．What does the second paragraph talk about? A．The beauty of marine animals. B．The long history of marine animals. C．The development of marine life. D．The importance of sounds to marine life. 2．What does the word “disrupting” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．breaking B．accepting C．creating D．repeating 3．Which of the ocean threats mentioned in the passage is easier to deal with? A．Overfishing. B．Noise pollution. C．The rubbish. D．Climate change. 4．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To tell readers how marine animals find food. B．To introduce different kinds of marine threats. C．To show why marine animals disappeared quickly. D．To call on improving human activities affecting the ocean. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，围绕海洋噪音污染展开，先介绍声音对海洋生物的重要作用，再说明人类活动打破海洋声音平衡带来的危害，最后指出噪音污染相比其他海洋威胁更容易治理，并呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋生物。 1．根据文章第二段中“…sounds, which are important in daily lives of marine animals”，随后列举了寻找食物、躲避危险和母子交流三个例子，均是为了说明声音对海洋生物的重要性。 2．根据文章第三段上下文，人类活动制造噪音导致动物听不见彼此、离开noisy area以及数量下降，说明这种活动“破坏”了原有的平衡，breaking意为“破坏、打破”与disrupting（扰乱、破坏）含义最接近。 3．根据文章第四段中“The good news is that it is easier to fix than other ocean threats”，这里的it指代前一句提到的“noise pollution（噪音污染）”，说明噪音污染比其他威胁更容易解决。 4．文章第一段提出人类需要想办法解决海洋声音变化的问题，最后一段呼吁通过改变人类活动（如减慢船速）来保护海洋，给动物一个健康的家园，全文旨在号召人们改善影响海洋的人类活动。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁葫芦岛龙港区·期中） Do you know how everything in nature is connected? It’s like a big team where everyone has a job. Small changes can cause big problems. Here are some real-life stories about the balance of nature. Not many years ago, some farmers were worried because hawks (鹰) took many of their chickens, so the farmers killed many hawks. They no longer had to worry about their chickens. But then they had new worries. Mice ate the farmers’ food. How did this happen? Hawks ate not only chickens but also mice. They ate more mice than chickens. But the farmers did not know this. When they killed many hawks, they changed the balance of nature. Changing the balance is bad for nature. Sometimes when people move into a new place, they often cut down many plants. Some of these plants are food for animals. If the animals cannot find food to eat, they will die or have to leave the place. Here is another example. In a place of the United States, the giraffes there ate a kind of rose. The lions there ate the giraffes. The number of giraffes, lions and wild roses did not change much if people kept things as they were. But people killed many lions to protect the giraffes. Soon there were so many giraffes that they ate up all the roses. Then the giraffes began to eat leaves of young trees. These trees were important to people. So people thought of ways to protect trees. Now the giraffes had nothing to eat, and many of them died. This was another lesson from nature. Nature is like a huge family where everything depends on each other. We should take good care of nature and keep it balanced. If we do, everything in nature can live happily together! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By giving a fact. B．By giving an opinion. C．By asking a question D．By telling a life story. 2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The hawks. B．The mice. C．The chickens. D．The farmers. 3．What will happen when people cut down many plants in a new place? A．More new plants will grow quickly. B．Animals will have more space to live in. C．The balance of nature will become better. D．Animals may die or leave because of no food. 4．What does the writer most likely want readers to do after reading the passage? A．Protect all animals. B．Don’t change the balance of nature. C．Avoid living in areas with wild animals. D．Stop raising chickens or other farm animals. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文围绕自然平衡展开，通过农民捕杀老鹰、人类猎杀狮子两个真实事例，阐述人类活动会打破自然界平衡，最后呼吁我们保护自然、维持生态平衡。 1．根据第一段第一句“Do you know how everything in nature is connected?”可知，作者以提出问题的方式开启全文。 2．根据第二段内容“But the farmers did not know this. When they killed many hawks...”可知，杀死鹰的动作发出者是农民，因此划线单词they指代的是前文提到的“The farmers”。 3．根据第三段“Sometimes when people move into a new place, they often cut down many plants. Some of these plants are food for animals. If the animals cannot find food to eat, they will die or have to leave the place.”可知，砍伐植物会让动物失去食物，动物可能死亡或离开。 4．根据最后一段“Nature is like a huge family where everything depends on each other. We should take good care of nature and keep it balanced.”可知，作者希望读者保护自然、维持自然平衡，不要随意破坏生态平衡。 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·辽宁大连金普新区·期中） Hawaii’s regular (规律的) sunshine, short rain showers and clean air come together to create some of the planet’s best conditions for viewing rainbows. Rainbows are seen so often here that a University of Hawaii professor calls the state the “rainbow capital of the world”. “Hawaii has maybe the best rainbows on the planet,” said Steven Businger, professor of atmospheric (大气的) sciences at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He has even created an app called RainbowChase to help people find rainbows in Hawaii. Rainbows form when drops of rain refract (折射) sunlight into different colors. The brighter the sun, the clearer the rainbow. Hawaii’s winds bring many small showers with enough blue sky between them for the sun to shine through. Conditions are best during the rainy season from October through April. Visitors should look for rainbows when it’s both sunny and raining at the same time. Rainbows will appear opposite the sun. They will seem larger and higher in the sky in the early morning and late afternoon, when the sun is lower on the horizon (地平线). Rainbows are popular symbols of island life. Pictures of them can be seen on buildings and buses, and even on vehicle license plates (车辆牌照). “They cause us to stand still (静止) and for a moment, forget about the past and the future,” Businger said. There are about 20 names for rainbows in the Hawaiian language, including different words for different kinds of rainbows. An expert (专家) said rainbows are considered a symbol of Kane, one of the four main gods in Hawaiian tradition. The closer you get to a rainbow, the more likely (可能的) you are to meet a supernatural force (力量) or a powerful person, he said. 1．Why does a professor call Hawaii the “rainbow capital of the world”? A．Because Hawaii has the most colors in its rainbows. B．Because rainbows are seen very often in Hawaii. C．Because Hawaii invented the word “rainbow”. D．Because Hawaii has the biggest rainbows. 2．What can we learn about rainbows from the passage? A．Rainbows don’t form when drops of rain refract sunlight into different colors. B．Visitors can hardly see rainbows during the rainy season. C．Rainbows will always appear when it’s both sunny and raining at the same time. D．Rainbows are popular symbols of island life and a symbol of Kane. 3．What can we infer (推断) from the underlined sentence? A．Rainbows are very important in Hawaiian culture. B．Hawaiians don’t like rainbows very much. C．The Hawaiian language has too many words. D．Hawaiians are afraid of rainbows. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．How to take good pictures of rainbows. B．The history of rainbow research in Hawaii. C．Why Hawaii is a great place for viewing rainbows. D．How to use the RainbowChase app. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕夏威夷的彩虹展开，介绍了利于彩虹形成的自然条件、彩虹的形成原理以及彩虹在夏威夷的文化内涵。 1．根据第一段中的“Rainbows are seen so often here that a University of Hawaii professor calls the state the ‘rainbow capital of the world’.”可知，夏威夷被称为“世界彩虹之都”，是因为这里彩虹出现的频率非常高。 2．根据第七段中的“Rainbows are popular symbols of island life.”和最后一段中的“An expert (专家) said rainbows are considered a symbol of Kane... ”可知，彩虹被认为是岛屿生活的流行象征和夏威夷传统四大神之一Kane的象征。 3．根据第九段中的“There are about 20 names for rainbows in the Hawaiian language, including different words for different kinds of rainbows.”可知，夏威夷语里有大约20个和彩虹相关的名称，甚至不同种类的彩虹都有不同的词汇，这说明彩虹在夏威夷文化中占有非常重要的地位，是文化里很有分量的事物。 4．全文围绕夏威夷成为“世界彩虹之都”的原因、彩虹形成的条件、观赏彩虹的时机，以及彩虹在夏威夷文化中的意义展开。文章核心是介绍夏威夷为什么是观赏彩虹的绝佳地点，以及和彩虹相关的自然与文化信息。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·辽宁锦州凌海市·期中） In today’s world, where over 4 billion people own a smartphone, charging (充电) our phones has become part of our daily routine—just like brushing our teeth or getting dressed in the morning. But over time, batteries (电池) stop working well, and a phone that used to last all day may suddenly need charging all the time. The problem lies in how we charge our phones. Most phone batteries today can be charged about 500 times and work well for 2—3 years. After that, they start holding less power. Unfortunately, most smartphones don’t have batteries that are easy to change. So when a battery starts failing, many people just buy a new phone, which creates waste. To help reduce this problem, the European Union passed a law requiring phone companies to make batteries easy to remove and change by 2027. But what can be done until then to keep your phone’s battery healthy? One common mistake is always charging your phone to 100%. This actually harms the battery and shortens its life. Instead, try to keep the battery between 20% and 80%. Letting a phone get too hot can also harm the battery. And using your phone while charging makes it heat up, which wears out the battery faster. If you’re charging your phone while you sleep, keep it on a hard, cool surface—not under a pillow or blanket—to stop it from overheating. Experts also say you shouldn’t use cheap chargers, because they may overheat your phone. It’s best to use the charger that comes with the phone. Small changes in how you charge your phone can make a big difference, helping your battery last longer, and reducing waste. 1．What will most people do when a phone battery starts failing? A．They just buy a new phone. B．They will repair the battery. C．They will change the battery. D．They will change their ways of charging phones. 2．________ is a good way to keep your phone’s battery healthy. A．Always charging the phone to one hundred percent B．Keeping the battery between twenty percent and eighty percent C．Using the phone while it’s charging D．Charging your phone while you sleep 3．Why do experts suggest that we shouldn’t use cheap chargers? A．Because it makes charging slower. B．Because it causes the phone to overheat. C．Because it blocks the phone signal. D．Because it may damage the screen. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Why Phone Batteries Are Easy to Fail? B．How to Use Your Phone Safely C．How to Make Smartphones Reduce Waste D．How to Make Your Phone Battery Last Longer 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了智能手机电池的寿命问题。 1．细节理解题。根据“So when a battery starts failing, many people just buy a new phone, which creates waste.”可知，大多数人会选择买新手机。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“One common mistake is always charging your phone to 100%. This actually harms the battery and shortens its life. Instead, try to keep the battery between 20% and 80%.”可知，保持电池电量在20%到80%之间是保持手机电池健康的好方法。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Experts also say you shouldn’t use cheap chargers, because they may overheat your phone. ”可知，便宜的充电器可能会导致手机过热。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕如何让手机电池更耐用展开，包括电池容易出故障的问题，欧盟的举措，及日常充电的注意事项等，所以D选项“如何使你的手机电池更耐用”为最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26九年级上·辽宁盘锦兴隆台区·期中） You can put a stamp on it, you can write an address on it and you can send it through the mail. No, it’s not a package (包裹). It’s the amazing coconut (椰子)! The coconut is different from most other fruits because every part of it is useful. People have been using coconuts in many different ways. Here are some of them. One exciting use of the coconut is as a kind of energy. Scientists are working on using coconuts for energy because they are cheap and clean. Coconut oil has already been made into fuel (燃料). It can power cars, trucks, ships and many more. Students at Baylor University find that coconut husks (外壳) can take in water very well. So mixing coconut husks with dry soil (土壤) helps the soil to hold onto more of the water. The students also find that coconut husks can take the place of plastic in some cases. If this is possible, it will help people use less plastic. The husk of the coconut is a perfect package. It protects the coconut from harm. That’s why some countries allow people to send the coconut without any packaging. Each year, tourists post about 3,000 of these “coconut postcards”. Coconuts grow naturally in over 80 countries of the world. They require only sun and proper rain. No special care is needed. Every year, more than 61 million tons of coconuts are produced. It is not surprising, then, that people want to find so many uses for the coconut. 1．Why is the coconut different from most other fruits? A．Because stamps can be put on it. B．Because every part of it is useful. C．Because people send it in a package. D．Because addresses can be written o$