Unit 6 课时4 Grammar（分层作业）英语新教材译林版九年级上册

Unit 6 The art of the brush 课时4 Grammar分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 【答案】basket ；brushwork；similarity 句型 1. 【答案】 who 2. 【答案】 who 3. 【答案】 used to 4. 【答案】 that; turned black 5. 【答案】 used a bowl as an inkstone 6. 【答案】 are well known at home and abroad. 一、单词默写。 【答案】basket ；brushwork；similarity 2、 词组默写。 【答案】1.live in ancient China2. used to3. turned black 4.used a bowl as an inkstone5. is created with 6.live a long time ago7.be well known at home and abroad 8. be strange to 9.attend the event 10. take place 11. For sure 三、根据要求完成句子 7. 【答案】 used to 8. 【答案】 that; turned black 9. 【答案】 used a bowl as an inkstone 10. 【答案】 are well known at home and abroad. 一、词汇运用。 【答案】1. inspiration 2.paper 3.influenced 4.brush/brushes 5.created 6.Imagination 7.creativity 8. subjects 9.expressive 10. similarity 11. excited 二．把下列句子改成定语从句。 【答案】 1. It is the kitten that/which I found under the table. 2. This is the film that/which I told you about yesterday. 3. This is the radio that/which he bought in that shop. 4. He is the man that/who I saw in the street this morning. 5. This is the person that/who can help you with your study. 6. This is the ticket that/which I bought yesterday. 7. The girl who/that is standing beside the window is a new student. 8. These are the presents that/which I bought for my parents. 8.先行词 the presents（物），that/which 作 bought 宾语。 2、 单项选择。 【答案】1.A 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 一、用关系代词填空。 【答案】1.who/that 2.(whom/that/who) 3. whose 4.which/that) 5.whose 6. to whom 7.that/which 8.which 9.where/in which 10.why 二、完形填空。 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．B 二、阅读表达。 【答案】1．Traditional Chinese art. 2．Smart cameras and sensors. 3．More fun. 4．Traditional culture can meet modern science and China develops rapidly. A 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A B 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．C Passage 1 【答案】 1．development 2．unhappy 3．himself 4．a 5．growing 6．simply 7．but 8．refused 9．To 10．decision 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 The art of the brush 课时4 Grammar分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 __ ____ n. 篮，篓，筐 ____n. 画法，笔触 _____n. 相似性 句型 1. A calligrapher is someone ___________ practises the art of writing beautifully with a brush.书法家是指擅长以毛笔书写出优美作品的人。 2. The person___________ painted this landscape is very talented. 这幅风景画的画家极具天赋。 3. Wang Xizhi was the famous calligrapher who ___________ wash his brushes in a pond near his house.王羲之是位著名的书法家，他常在自己家附近的池塘里清洗毛笔。 4. He washed his brushes so often___________ the water ___________他洗画笔的次数多到把水都洗成了黑色。 5. Instead, he ________________________, a wall as paper and mud as ink.相反，他将一碗用作研墨石，将一面墙壁用作纸张，将泥土用作墨汁。 6. Some of the artists who created these works ____________________.创作这些作品的部分艺术家在国内外均享有盛名。 一、单词默写。 1.________ n. 篮，篓，筐 2._________n. 画法，笔触 3.________n. 相似性 2、 词组默写。 1. 发生于中国古代__________________________2. 常用__________________________ 2. 变黑__________________________4. 用碗作墨砚__________________________ 5. 由……制成__________________________6. 发生在很久以前__________________________ 6. 在国内外享有盛名__________________________8. 略显奇怪__________________________ 9. 参加活动__________________________10. 举行__________________________ 11. 毫无疑问__________________________ 三、根据要求完成句子 1王羲之是位著名的书法家，他常在自己家附近的池塘里清洗毛笔。 Wang Xizhi was the famous calligrapher who ___________________ wash his brushes in a pond near his house. 2.他洗画笔的次数多到把水都洗成了黑色。 He washed his brushes so often _____________ the water__________________________ 3.相反，他将一碗用作研墨石，将一面墙壁用作纸张，将泥土用作墨汁。 Instead, he __________________________, a wall as paper and mud as ink 4.创作这些作品的部分艺术家在国内外均享有盛名。 Some of the artists who created these works__________________________. 一、词汇运用。 1.Many artists get ______ (inspire) from the beauty of nature. 2.This kind of ______ (paper) is perfect for ink painting because it absorbs ink well. 3.The young artist has been ______ (influence) by the traditional Chinese art since he was a child. 4.To learn ink painting, you need to practice using the ______ (brush) every day. 5.Qi Baishi was a great artist who ______ (create) many wonderful works. 6.The empty space in the painting leaves room for ______ (imagine). 7.The old craftsman is a man full of great patience and he shows us that ______ (create) comes from careful observation of life. 8.The ______ (subject) of traditional Chinese paintings are often landscapes and people. 9.The artist used a free and ______ (express) style in his work. 10.The ______ (similar) between the two paintings is amazing. 11.The students were ______ (excite) about the coming art exhibition. 二．把下列句子改成定语从句。 1. It is the kitten.I found it under under the table. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. This is the film.I told you about it yesterday. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. This is the radio.He bought it in that shop. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. He is the man.I saw him in the street this morning. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. This is the person. He can help you with your study. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. This is the ticket.I bought it yesterday. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The girl is standing beside the window.She is a new student. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. These are the presents.I bought them for my parents. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2、 单项选择。 1.His movie won several awards at the film festival, ________ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it 2. He was educated at the local high school, ____ he went to Beijing University. A.after which B. after that C.in which D. in that 3. Tom handed everything ______ he had found in the park to the police. A.that B. what C. which D. whatever 4. This is one of the best films ______ this year. A.they have been shown B. that has been shown C. that have been shown D. which has been shown 5.There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high. 　 A.the larger B. the larger of them 　 C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 6.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad. 　　 A.of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 7.I was given three books on cooking,the first________I really enjoyed. A.of that B.of which C.that D.which 8.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______ the sailing time was 226 days. 　　 A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 9. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five are mine.  A on which       B in which       C of which       D from which 一、用关系代词填空。 1.The man _______________came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl_______________ I met is Lucy. 3. He lives in the room _______________ door is green. 4.I like the book _______________ you bought yesterday. 5. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _______________ family was poor. 6. I like the person _______________ you just talked. 7. It sounded like a train_______________ was going under my house. 8.. Tom has made great progress, _______________ made us happy. 9. This is the house _______________h he lived last year. 10. Can you tell me the reason _______________ you are late for school. 二、完形填空。 （2026·江苏南京·一模）A hundred years ago, a group of scientists built a model that 1 changed the old way people understood reality: quantum mechanics (量子力学). To celebrate the 100th anniversary of its birth, the United Nations named 2025 the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology. Quantum mechanics studies very 2 things, like atoms and even smaller particles (粒子). Around 1900 scientists such as Max Planck and Albert Einstein started to describe why the atomic (原子的) world could not be explained by the classical theories developed by Isaac Newton and others two centuries earlier. In the 1920s, more scientists including Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrodinger bravely 3 from classical physics and developed quantum mechanics further, opening the door to future progress and useful inventions that continue to 4 our modern life. As Nature noted: “Modern physics is quantum physics.” In quantum mechanics, many counter-intuitive phenomena happen. For example, an atom can be in two places at the same time, and a cat in a box can be both alive and dead. In another 5 called “spooky action at a distance”, when two particles become entangled (纠缠的), the state of one instantly influences the state of the other, 6 far apart they are. It’s like having a pair of magical dice (骰子) that always show the same numbers, even from opposite sides of the galaxy (星系). These 7 may sound hard to imagine or even strange, but they are the reason we have modern technology today. The GPS that finds your location, the bright LEDs in your phone screen and MRI machines that make medical images all come from quantum principles. Most importantly, the design of the silicon chip (硅芯片) 8 every computer and smartphone depends on our understanding of how electrons behave in semiconductors (半导体) a quantum effect. As we celebrate its 100th birthday, quantum science is advancing faster than ever. Scientists are building quantum computers that could solve problems too hard for today’s supercomputers and 9 quantum encryption (加密技术) to make unbreakable communication networks. Quantum physics has taught us that the universe is full of surprises and that its 10 are as great as our imagination. 1．A．completely B．exactly C．clearly D．actually 2．A．true B．false C．small D．big 3．A．broke up B．broke away C．broke down D．broke into 4．A．finish B．start C．influence D．shape 5．A．saying B．rule C．law D．order 6．A．whenever B．wherever C．however D．whatever 7．A．ideas B．facts C．examples D．news 8．A．inside B．outside C．above D．beside 9．A．using B．discovering C．improving D．creating 10．A．risks B．possibilities C．hopes D．challenges 二、阅读表达。 （2026·江苏常州·一模）阅读下面短文，回答短文后的问题前三题答案不超过10个词，最后一题答案词数不限。 The CCTV Spring Festival Gala is the most-watched TV program in China, bringing happiness to every family during the Spring Festival. In recent years, a new kind of star has appeared on this grand stage—robots. They have become a big highlight of the show. These robots are not common machines. They are carefully made to perform traditional Chinese art, mixing old culture and new technology. Some robots dance yangge, a lively traditional folk dance, together with real dancers. They move in perfect order and never make mistakes. Other robots show amazing Chinese kung fu. They can jump high, turn over in the air and play with props. Their movements are clear, powerful and full of energy. How can they perform so well? High-level technology is the key. AI helps them remember thousands of complex movements. Smart cameras and sensors make sure they can work safely with human performers. Although they are robots, they act almost like real artists. These robot shows surprise the audience and make them proud of China’s rapid development. They let traditional culture meet modern science. In the future, more creative robot shows are sure to come, bringing more fun to the Spring Festival Gala. 1．What are the robots made to perform? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What makes robots work safely with humans? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What will the future gala bring? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What can we learn from the robot shows? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 一．阅读理解。 A （2026·江苏盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学·二模）Have you ever wondered why some bikes are so light and strong? They may use a special material called carbon fiber (碳纤维), which is also found in some parts of modern planes. It is changing our life in many ways. On March 11, 2026, China showed the world’s first T1200-grade carbon fiber. This shows China’s great progress in advanced materials. T1200 carbon fiber was developed by China National Building Material Group. It is one of the best technologies today. This black material is thinner than one-tenth of a human hair. But it is 10 times stronger than common steel, and only a quarter of its weight. Most importantly, unlike steel, it is made of carbon, and therefore never rusts (生锈), even in wet places or environments. Because it is light, strong and rust-proof, it is widely used in many high-tech areas, including sixth-generation fighter planes and humanoid robots. It helps solve big material problems for modern machines. However, it is not easy to make this material in large numbers. It needs very good fibers, strict control, high-temperature heating and special machines. It also needs smart cost control. Making a lot of this material needs many resources and high energy. Now China has built a strong system that connects market needs, new technology and industrial support. And China has become the first country to produce T1200 carbon fiber at the 100-ton level a year. Undoubtedly, this is a huge step forward for China’s high-tech industry. New materials are very important for new industries. They are key to our country’s scientific and technological development. T1200 carbon fiber shows Chinese creativity and modern technology. As it develops further, it will bring more changes to our lives and help us build a better future. 1．Why does the writer start the passage with a question? A．To test the readers’ knowledge. B．To show his interest in bikes. C．To compare different kinds of materials. D．To introduce the topic of carbon fiber. 2．What do we know about T1200 carbon fiber from Paragraph 2? A．It is much thicker than human hair. B．It stays in good condition when it’s wet. C．It is 10 times lighter than common steel. D．It is mainly used in everyday common bikes. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．China’s ability to control production costs. B．The use of high heat and special machines. C．China’s great achievement in producing T1200. D．The system connecting market with technology. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．T1200 Carbon Fiber: A Big Step for China. B．New Materials: The Future of High-Tech Industry. C．Modern Technology: Ways to Solve Material Problems. D．Light and Strong Products: A New Choice for Daily Life. B （2026·江苏南京市江宁高新区中学·二模）In March 2026, a group of middle school students from Hangzhou did something extraordinary. They used an AI coding tool called Codex to create a mobile app that helps elderly people remember to take their medicine on time. The app, named “MediPal”, won first prize in the National Youth Technology Innovation Competition. The team leader, 14-year-old Zhang Wei, said the idea came from his grandmother. “She has to take five different pills every day, but she often forgets which one to take when,” Zhang explained. “I wanted to build something simple, but I had zero coding experience. That’s when I discovered Codex.” Codex is an AI system developed by OpenAI that translates natural language commands into computer code. A user can type something like “create a button that says ‘morning medicine’ and when clicked, it shows a picture of a red pill,” and Codex will generate the actual programming code. The students spent two months learning how to use Codex effectively, testing over 200 versions before they were satisfied. “The hardest part was not the coding,” said team member Li Na, 13. “Codex handled that. The hardest part was understanding what elderly users really needed. We visited three nursing homes and interviewed 45 senior citizens. Many told us that the text on most apps is too small. So we made our buttons extra large and added voice reminders.” The app has four main functions: a medicine schedule with picture identification, voice alerts that read the medicine name aloud, a refill reminder when pills are running low, and an emergency call button that connects directly to a family member. What makes MediPal special is that it works offline—no internet connection is required. Professor Chen from Zhejiang University judged the competition. “What impressed me most was not the technology itself, but how these students used AI to solve a real human problem,” he said. “They didn’t just build an app; they built a solution with empathy.” The Hangzhou government has decided to provide free downloads of MediPal to all elderly citizens in the city starting in July. Zhang Wei and his team are now working on an English version. 1．What is Codex according to the passage? A．A mobile app for elderly people. B．An AI tool that writes computer code from human language. C．A competition for young technology innovators. D．A medicine reminder system used in nursing homes. 2．What was the most difficult part of creating MediPal? A．Learning how to use Codex. B．Testing over 200 versions of the app. C．Understanding what elderly users needed. D．Making the app work without the internet. 3．Which of the following is NOT a function of MediPal? A．Picture identification for medicines. B．Voice alerts that read medicine names. C．A chat room for elderly users to talk to each other. D．An emergency call button to family members. 4．What did Professor Chen mainly praise about the students’ work? A．Their coding skills using Codex. B．Their ability to win the competition. C．Their empathy in solving a real problem. D．Their hard work in visiting nursing homes. 5．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The app will only be available in Chinese. B．The government will charge money for the app. C．The team is expanding the app to reach more users. D．The students have stopped working on the project. 二、所给词的正确形式填空。 （2026·江苏常州市武进区·二模）We are now in the 22nd century. With the 1 (develop) of science and technology, people can change their bodies in the way they want. As years went by, Mr. Smith was 2 (happy) with his look. Several months ago, Mr. Smith went to a body engineering shop and asked for a small nose. Small noses were very popular these years. After the operation, he looked at 3 (him) in the mirror and found that his short hair no longer fit his new look. Then he wanted a change to long hair. When he was leaving, the shopkeeper suddenly told him that the shop had a special offer on ears. At last, Mr. Smith went out of the shop with 4 small nose, long hair and two new ears. In the next few weeks, Mr. Smith’s interest in his look kept 5 (grow). He bought new eyes, new hands and new feet. After that, he looked so young for his age that people around him 6 (simple) couldn’t tell who he was. At first, he was happy with it, 7 the change in the face and fingerprints brought him much trouble. He was 8 (refuse) to enter places like railway stations and airports. In the end, he decided to have his old body back! 9 his surprise, Mrs. Smith was unhappy with his 10 (decide) because she could not bear the bad smell of his old feet. 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 The art of the brush 课时4 Grammar分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 __basket ____ n. 篮，篓，筐 _brushwork___n. 画法，笔触 __similarity___n. 相似性 句型 1. A calligrapher is someone who practises the art of writing beautifully with a brush.书法家是指擅长以毛笔书写出优美作品的人。 2. The person who painted this landscape is very talented. 这幅风景画的画家极具天赋。 3. Wang Xizhi was the famous calligrapher who used to wash his brushes in a pond near his house.王羲之是位著名的书法家，他常在自己家附近的池塘里清洗毛笔。 4. He washed his brushes so often that the water turned black。他洗画笔的次数多到把水都洗成了黑色。 5. Instead, he used a bowl as an inkstone, a wall as paper and mud as ink.相反，他将一碗用作研墨石，将一面墙壁用作纸张，将泥土用作墨汁。 6. Some of the artists who created these works are well known at home and abroad.创作这些作品的部分艺术家在国内外均享有盛名。 一、单词默写。 1.________ n. 篮，篓，筐 2._________n. 画法，笔触 3.________n. 相似性 【答案】basket ；brushwork；similarity 2、 词组默写。 1. 发生于中国古代__________________________2. 常用__________________________ 2. 变黑__________________________4. 用碗作墨砚__________________________ 5. 由……制成__________________________6. 发生在很久以前__________________________ 6. 在国内外享有盛名__________________________8. 略显奇怪__________________________ 9. 参加活动__________________________10. 举行__________________________ 11. 毫无疑问__________________________ 【答案】1.live in ancient China2. used to3. turned black 4.used a bowl as an inkstone5. is created with 6.live a long time ago7.be well known at home and abroad 8. be strange to 9.attend the event 10. take place 11. For sure 三、根据要求完成句子 1王羲之是位著名的书法家，他常在自己家附近的池塘里清洗毛笔。 Wang Xizhi was the famous calligrapher who ___________________ wash his brushes in a pond near his house. 【答案】 used to 【解析】used to do sth 固定搭配，表示过去常常做某事（现在不再这样）。 本句讲述王羲之过去的习惯，定语从句修饰先行词 calligrapher，整个句子为一般过去时，所以用used to，后接动词原形wash。 2.他洗画笔的次数多到把水都洗成了黑色。 He washed his brushes so often _____________ the water__________________________ 【答案】 that; turned black 【解析】解析： ① 固定句型：so + 形容词 / 副词 + that从句，意为 “如此…… 以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。 ② 整篇故事是过去发生的事，时态为一般过去时；turn black 变黑，turn的过去式turned。 3.相反，他将一碗用作研墨石，将一面墙壁用作纸张，将泥土用作墨汁。 Instead, he __________________________, a wall as paper and mud as ink 【答案】 used a bowl as an inkstone 【解析】① use A as B 固定短语：把 A 当作 B 来使用。故事是过去发生，动词用过去式used。 ② inkstone 可数名词，研墨石；bowl是单数，an修饰inkstone（元音音素开头）。 ③ 本句是并列结构：used a bowl as an inkstone, (used) a wall as paper and (used) mud as ink，后两处used省略，避免重复。 4.创作这些作品的部分艺术家在国内外均享有盛名。 Some of the artists who created these works__________________________. 【答案】 are well known at home and abroad. 【解析】① be wellknown = be famous 意为 “出名的，享有盛名的”；主语Some of the artists是复数，be 动词用are。 ② at home and abroad 固定短语，在国内外。 ③ who created these works是定语从句修饰 artists；从句讲过去创作作品用过去式created，主句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。 一、词汇运用。 1.Many artists get ______ (inspire) from the beauty of nature. 2.This kind of ______ (paper) is perfect for ink painting because it absorbs ink well. 3.The young artist has been ______ (influence) by the traditional Chinese art since he was a child. 4.To learn ink painting, you need to practice using the ______ (brush) every day. 5.Qi Baishi was a great artist who ______ (create) many wonderful works. 6.The empty space in the painting leaves room for ______ (imagine). 7.The old craftsman is a man full of great patience and he shows us that ______ (create) comes from careful observation of life. 8.The ______ (subject) of traditional Chinese paintings are often landscapes and people. 9.The artist used a free and ______ (express) style in his work. 10.The ______ (similar) between the two paintings is amazing. 11.The students were ______ (excite) about the coming art exhibition. 【答案】1. inspiration 2.paper 3.influenced 4.brush/brushes 5.created 6.Imagination 7.creativity 8. subjects 9.expressive 10. similarity 11. excited 【解析】 1. inspiration 解析：get 后面接名词作宾语，inspiration 灵感（不可数名词）。 2. paper 解析：paper 表示纸张，不可数名词，不变形。 3. influenced 解析：现在完成时被动：has been + 过去分词；be influenced by 受…… 影响。 4. brush/brushes 解析：brush 毛笔；单数 / 复数均可，practice using the brush 练习使用毛笔。 5. created 解析：主句 was 为一般过去时，定语从句用过去式 created。 6. imagination 解析：介词 for 后面接名词，imagine 名词 imagination 想象空间。 7. creativity 解析：that 引导宾语从句，从句缺主语，create 名词 creativity 创造力。 8. subjects 解析：谓语 are，主语用复数 subjects，此处意为 “题材”。 9. expressive 解析：and 并列形容词，修饰名词 style；expressive 富有表现力的。 10. similarity 解析：the 后接名词，similar 名词 similarity，相似之处。 11. excited 解析：be excited about 对…… 感到兴奋（修饰人）。 二．把下列句子改成定语从句。 1. It is the kitten.I found it under under the table. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. This is the film.I told you about it yesterday. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. This is the radio.He bought it in that shop. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. He is the man.I saw him in the street this morning. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. This is the person. He can help you with your study. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. This is the ticket.I bought it yesterday. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The girl is standing beside the window.She is a new student. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. These are the presents.I bought them for my parents. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. It is the kitten that/which I found under the table. 2. This is the film that/which I told you about yesterday. 3. This is the radio that/which he bought in that shop. 4. He is the man that/who I saw in the street this morning. 5. This is the person that/who can help you with your study. 6. This is the ticket that/which I bought yesterday. 7. The girl who/that is standing beside the window is a new student. 8. These are the presents that/which I bought for my parents. 【解析】 1.先行词 the kitten（物），关系代词 that/which，在从句作 found 的宾语。 2.先行词 the film（物），that/which 作 about 的宾语。 3.先行词 the radio（物），that/which 作 bought 的宾语。 4.先行词 the man（人），who/that 作 saw 的宾语。 5.先行词 the person（人），who/that 在从句作主语，不能省略。 6.先行词 the ticket（物），that/which 作 bought 宾语。 7.先行词 the girl（人），who/that 在从句作主语，不能省略。 8.先行词 the presents（物），that/which 作 bought 宾语。 2、 单项选择。 1.His movie won several awards at the film festival, ________ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it 2. He was educated at the local high school, ____ he went to Beijing University. A.after which B. after that C.in which D. in that 3. Tom handed everything ______ he had found in the park to the police. A.that B. what C. which D. whatever 4. This is one of the best films ______ this year. A.they have been shown B. that has been shown C. that have been shown D. which has been shown 5.There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high. 　 A.the larger B. the larger of them 　 C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 6.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad. 　　 A.of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 7.I was given three books on cooking,the first________I really enjoyed. A.of that B.of which C.that D.which 8.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______ the sailing time was 226 days. 　　 A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 9. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five are mine.  A on which       B in which       C of which       D from which 【答案】1.A 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 【解析】 1. A 考点：非限制性定语从句。先行词是前面整件事（他的电影拿奖这件事），只能用 which 引导；that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 句意：他的电影在电影节斩获多个奖项，这超出了他最大胆的梦想。 2. A 考点：非限制性定语从句。先行词是前面整件事（在当地高中读书），after which = after that（在那之后）；介词后面不能用 that。 句意：他在当地高中接受教育，在那之后进入北京大学。 3. A 考点：限制性定语从句。先行词是不定代词 everything，关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which；what 不能引导定语从句。 句意：Tom 把他在公园里找到的所有东西都交给了警察。 4. C 考点：定语从句。先行词被one of the best修饰，先行词是 films（复数），关系代词用 that，谓语动词用复数 have。 句意：这是今年上映的最好的电影之一。 5. D 考点：非限制性定语从句。the larger of which 两者中较大的那一个，which 指代 two buildings；of 表示范围。 句意：有两栋楼，其中较高的那栋将近 100 英尺高。 6. A 考点：非限制性定语从句。80% of which，which 指代 shoes，80% of the shoes；介词后不用 that/them。 句意：这家工厂每年生产 50 万双鞋子，其中 80% 销往国外。 7. B 考点：非限制性定语从句。the first of which，which 指代 three books，三本书中的第一本；介词 of 后面不能用 that。 句意：有人给了我三本烹饪的书，其中第一本我很喜欢。 8. A 考点：非限制性定语从句。of which the sailing time = the sailing time of which，指这九个月当中，航行时间为 226 天。 句意：这位老水手花了九个月完成环球旅行，其中航行时间是 226 天。 9. C 考点：非限制性定语从句。five of which，which 指代 eleven books，11 本书当中有 5 本是我的。 句意：书架上一共有 11 本书，其中 5 本是我的。 一、用关系代词填空。 1.The man _______________came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl_______________ I met is Lucy. 3. He lives in the room _______________ door is green. 4.I like the book _______________ you bought yesterday. 5. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _______________ family was poor. 6. I like the person _______________ you just talked. 7. It sounded like a train_______________ was going under my house. 8.. Tom has made great progress, _______________ made us happy. 9. This is the house _______________h he lived last year. 10. Can you tell me the reason _______________ you are late for school. 【答案】1.who/that 2.(whom/that/who) 3. whose 4.which/that) 5.whose 6. to whom 7.that/which 8.which 9.where/in which 10.why 【解析】 1. who/that 先行词 the man（人），关系代词在从句中作主语，可用 who 或 that，不能省略。 句意：来我们学校的那个人是王先生。 2. who/whom/that（可省略） 先行词 the girl（人），关系代词在从句作 met 的宾语，可以省略。 句意：我遇见的那个女孩是 Lucy。 3. whose 先行词 the room，whose 表示所属关系 “…… 的”，the room's door。 句意：他住在那间门是绿色的房间。 4. which/that（可省略） 先行词 the book（物），关系代词在从句作 bought 宾语，可以省略。 句意：我喜欢你昨天买的那本书。 5. whose 先行词 anyone（人），whose 表示 “anyone's family” 某人的家庭，表所属。 句意：他父母不让他和家境贫穷的人结婚。 6. to whom 固定搭配 talk to sb；先行词是人，介词 to 提前，只能用 whom。talk to whom。 句意：我喜欢刚才和你交谈的那个人。 7. which/that 先行词 a train（物），关系代词在从句作主语，不可省略。 句意：听起来像一列火车从我房子底下驶过。 8. which 非限制性定语从句，which 指代前面整件事（Tom 取得很大进步这件事），不能用 that。 句意：Tom 取得巨大进步，这让我们很高兴。 9. where / in which 先行词 the house，从句完整 he lived (in the house)，关系副词 where = in which，在从句作地点状语。 句意：这就是他去年住的房子。 10. why / for which 先行词 reason，关系副词 why = for which，在从句作原因状语。 句意：你能告诉我你上学迟到的原因吗？ 二、完形填空。 （2026·江苏南京·一模）A hundred years ago, a group of scientists built a model that 1 changed the old way people understood reality: quantum mechanics (量子力学). To celebrate the 100th anniversary of its birth, the United Nations named 2025 the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology. Quantum mechanics studies very 2 things, like atoms and even smaller particles (粒子). Around 1900 scientists such as Max Planck and Albert Einstein started to describe why the atomic (原子的) world could not be explained by the classical theories developed by Isaac Newton and others two centuries earlier. In the 1920s, more scientists including Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrodinger bravely 3 from classical physics and developed quantum mechanics further, opening the door to future progress and useful inventions that continue to 4 our modern life. As Nature noted: “Modern physics is quantum physics.” In quantum mechanics, many counter-intuitive phenomena happen. For example, an atom can be in two places at the same time, and a cat in a box can be both alive and dead. In another 5 called “spooky action at a distance”, when two particles become entangled (纠缠的), the state of one instantly influences the state of the other, 6 far apart they are. It’s like having a pair of magical dice (骰子) that always show the same numbers, even from opposite sides of the galaxy (星系). These 7 may sound hard to imagine or even strange, but they are the reason we have modern technology today. The GPS that finds your location, the bright LEDs in your phone screen and MRI machines that make medical images all come from quantum principles. Most importantly, the design of the silicon chip (硅芯片) 8 every computer and smartphone depends on our understanding of how electrons behave in semiconductors (半导体) a quantum effect. As we celebrate its 100th birthday, quantum science is advancing faster than ever. Scientists are building quantum computers that could solve problems too hard for today’s supercomputers and 9 quantum encryption (加密技术) to make unbreakable communication networks. Quantum physics has taught us that the universe is full of surprises and that its 10 are as great as our imagination. 1．A．completely B．exactly C．clearly D．actually 2．A．true B．false C．small D．big 3．A．broke up B．broke away C．broke down D．broke into 4．A．finish B．start C．influence D．shape 5．A．saying B．rule C．law D．order 6．A．whenever B．wherever C．however D．whatever 7．A．ideas B．facts C．examples D．news 8．A．inside B．outside C．above D．beside 9．A．using B．discovering C．improving D．creating 10．A．risks B．possibilities C．hopes D．challenges 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文介绍了量子力学的诞生、发展及其对现代科技的深远影响，讲述了它如何彻底改变人类对现实的理解。 1．句意：一百年前，一群科学家建立了一个彻底改变了人们理解现实旧方式的模型：量子力学。completely 意为“彻底地、完全地”，强调量子力学对传统认知的颠覆性改变；其余选项无法体现“颠覆旧有认知”的程度。 2．句意：量子力学研究非常微小的事物，比如原子甚至更小的粒子。like“比如”，结合后面的“smaller”，举例说明被研究的对象应该是极小的微观物质。 3．句意：20 世纪 20 年代，包括尼尔斯・玻尔、维尔纳・海森堡和埃尔温・薛定谔在内的更多科学家勇敢地脱离经典物理学，进一步发展了量子力学。根据“from...developed...further”，科学家们跳出经典物理框架，创新发展新理论。broke away from 意为“从……脱离、摆脱”。 4．句意：为未来的进步和持续塑造我们现代生活的实用发明打开了大门。shape 意为“塑造、影响……的发展”，比 influence 更强调“深度构建、形成”的含义，体现量子力学对现代生活的根本性塑造。 5．句意：在另一个被称为“鬼魅般的超距作用”的定律中……。rule意为“定律”（单数）。此处指代前文提到的“鬼魅般的超距作用”这一个定律，故用单数。 6．句意：当两个粒子纠缠时，一个的状态会立即影响另一个，无论它们相距多么遥远。far形容词， however 后接形容词或副词，however far apart 意为“无论距离多远”。 7．句意：这些观点可能听起来难以想象甚至奇怪，但它们是我们拥有现代科技的原因。上文讲的都是观点，并非事实，facts 强调其客观真实性；examples（例子）无法表示“我们拥有现代科技的原因”。 8．句意：最重要的是，每台电脑和智能手机内部的硅芯片设计，都依赖于我们对电子在半导体中行为的理解——这是一种量子效应。inside “在……内部”，硅芯片是电子设备的内部核心部件，符合语境。 9．句意：科学家们正在制造量子计算机，同时创造量子加密技术以构建无法破解的通信网络。creating“创造、创建”，呼应前面的building，体现从无到有地研发新技术。 10．句意：量子物理学告诉我们，宇宙充满惊喜，它的可能性和我们的想象力一样广阔。possibilities“可能性、潜力”，呼应前文“surprises”，强调宇宙的未知潜力。 二、阅读表达。 （2026·江苏常州·一模）阅读下面短文，回答短文后的问题前三题答案不超过10个词，最后一题答案词数不限。 The CCTV Spring Festival Gala is the most-watched TV program in China, bringing happiness to every family during the Spring Festival. In recent years, a new kind of star has appeared on this grand stage—robots. They have become a big highlight of the show. These robots are not common machines. They are carefully made to perform traditional Chinese art, mixing old culture and new technology. Some robots dance yangge, a lively traditional folk dance, together with real dancers. They move in perfect order and never make mistakes. Other robots show amazing Chinese kung fu. They can jump high, turn over in the air and play with props. Their movements are clear, powerful and full of energy. How can they perform so well? High-level technology is the key. AI helps them remember thousands of complex movements. Smart cameras and sensors make sure they can work safely with human performers. Although they are robots, they act almost like real artists. These robot shows surprise the audience and make them proud of China’s rapid development. They let traditional culture meet modern science. In the future, more creative robot shows are sure to come, bringing more fun to the Spring Festival Gala. 1．What are the robots made to perform? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What makes robots work safely with humans? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What will the future gala bring? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What can we learn from the robot shows? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Traditional Chinese art. 2．Smart cameras and sensors. 3．More fun. 4．Traditional culture can meet modern science and China develops rapidly. 【导语】本文介绍了登上央视春晚舞台的机器人表演，讲述了机器人表演的内容、背后的技术支撑以及机器人表演带来的意义与未来展望。 1．第二段提出：“They are carefully made to perform traditional Chinese art”答案为原文直接信息。 2．第三段提出：“Smart cameras and sensors make sure they can work safely with human performers”答案直接提取原文。 3．最后一段提到：“more creative robot shows are sure to come, bringing more fun to the Spring Festival Gala”答案为原文关键信息。 4．本题为开放性试题，可从科技发展、传统文化与科技结合、国家发展等角度作答，观点需基于文章内容。 一．阅读理解。 A （2026·江苏盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学·二模）Have you ever wondered why some bikes are so light and strong? They may use a special material called carbon fiber (碳纤维), which is also found in some parts of modern planes. It is changing our life in many ways. On March 11, 2026, China showed the world’s first T1200-grade carbon fiber. This shows China’s great progress in advanced materials. T1200 carbon fiber was developed by China National Building Material Group. It is one of the best technologies today. This black material is thinner than one-tenth of a human hair. But it is 10 times stronger than common steel, and only a quarter of its weight. Most importantly, unlike steel, it is made of carbon, and therefore never rusts (生锈), even in wet places or environments. Because it is light, strong and rust-proof, it is widely used in many high-tech areas, including sixth-generation fighter planes and humanoid robots. It helps solve big material problems for modern machines. However, it is not easy to make this material in large numbers. It needs very good fibers, strict control, high-temperature heating and special machines. It also needs smart cost control. Making a lot of this material needs many resources and high energy. Now China has built a strong system that connects market needs, new technology and industrial support. And China has become the first country to produce T1200 carbon fiber at the 100-ton level a year. Undoubtedly, this is a huge step forward for China’s high-tech industry. New materials are very important for new industries. They are key to our country’s scientific and technological development. T1200 carbon fiber shows Chinese creativity and modern technology. As it develops further, it will bring more changes to our lives and help us build a better future. 1．Why does the writer start the passage with a question? A．To test the readers’ knowledge. B．To show his interest in bikes. C．To compare different kinds of materials. D．To introduce the topic of carbon fiber. 2．What do we know about T1200 carbon fiber from Paragraph 2? A．It is much thicker than human hair. B．It stays in good condition when it’s wet. C．It is 10 times lighter than common steel. D．It is mainly used in everyday common bikes. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．China’s ability to control production costs. B．The use of high heat and special machines. C．China’s great achievement in producing T1200. D．The system connecting market with technology. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．T1200 Carbon Fiber: A Big Step for China. B．New Materials: The Future of High-Tech Industry. C．Modern Technology: Ways to Solve Material Problems. D．Light and Strong Products: A New Choice for Daily Life. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国自主研发的T1200级碳纤维，介绍了它的优异特性、生产难点、中国的技术突破以及其对国家高科技产业发展的重要意义。 【详解】 1．文章首段以提问引出自行车轻便坚固的原因：“Have you ever wondered why some bikes are so light and strong? They may use a special material called carbon fiber”，说明作者用问句是为了引出碳纤维这一文章主题。故选D。 2．第二段介绍T1200碳纤维的特性：“therefore never rusts, even in wet places or environments”，说明这种碳纤维在潮湿环境中也不会生锈，能保持良好状态。故选B。 3．第三段前文指出中国成为首个实现百吨级量产T1200碳纤维的国家：“And China has become the first country to produce T1200 carbon fiber at the 100-ton level a year.”，可推断此处this指代中国在T1200碳纤维生产方面取得的重大成就。故选C。 4．通读全文可知，文章围绕中国T1200碳纤维展开，介绍了其优势、量产突破以及对中国高科技产业的重大意义，核心内容为T1200碳纤维与中国的重大技术进步。故选A。 B （2026·江苏南京市江宁高新区中学·二模）In March 2026, a group of middle school students from Hangzhou did something extraordinary. They used an AI coding tool called Codex to create a mobile app that helps elderly people remember to take their medicine on time. The app, named “MediPal”, won first prize in the National Youth Technology Innovation Competition. The team leader, 14-year-old Zhang Wei, said the idea came from his grandmother. “She has to take five different pills every day, but she often forgets which one to take when,” Zhang explained. “I wanted to build something simple, but I had zero coding experience. That’s when I discovered Codex.” Codex is an AI system developed by OpenAI that translates natural language commands into computer code. A user can type something like “create a button that says ‘morning medicine’ and when clicked, it shows a picture of a red pill,” and Codex will generate the actual programming code. The students spent two months learning how to use Codex effectively, testing over 200 versions before they were satisfied. “The hardest part was not the coding,” said team member Li Na, 13. “Codex handled that. The hardest part was understanding what elderly users really needed. We visited three nursing homes and interviewed 45 senior citizens. Many told us that the text on most apps is too small. So we made our buttons extra large and added voice reminders.” The app has four main functions: a medicine schedule with picture identification, voice alerts that read the medicine name aloud, a refill reminder when pills are running low, and an emergency call button that connects directly to a family member. What makes MediPal special is that it works offline—no internet connection is required. Professor Chen from Zhejiang University judged the competition. “What impressed me most was not the technology itself, but how these students used AI to solve a real human problem,” he said. “They didn’t just build an app; they built a solution with empathy.” The Hangzhou government has decided to provide free downloads of MediPal to all elderly citizens in the city starting in July. Zhang Wei and his team are now working on an English version. 1．What is Codex according to the passage? A．A mobile app for elderly people. B．An AI tool that writes computer code from human language. C．A competition for young technology innovators. D．A medicine reminder system used in nursing homes. 2．What was the most difficult part of creating MediPal? A．Learning how to use Codex. B．Testing over 200 versions of the app. C．Understanding what elderly users needed. D．Making the app work without the internet. 3．Which of the following is NOT a function of MediPal? A．Picture identification for medicines. B．Voice alerts that read medicine names. C．A chat room for elderly users to talk to each other. D．An emergency call button to family members. 4．What did Professor Chen mainly praise about the students’ work? A．Their coding skills using Codex. B．Their ability to win the competition. C．Their empathy in solving a real problem. D．Their hard work in visiting nursing homes. 5．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The app will only be available in Chinese. B．The government will charge money for the app. C．The team is expanding the app to reach more users. D．The students have stopped working on the project. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文讲述了2026年3月，杭州的一群中学生利用AI编程工具Codex，开发了一款名为“MediPal”的老年用药提醒App，并在全国青少年科技创新大赛中获得一等奖的故事。 【详解】 1．第三段“Codex is an AI system... that translates natural language commands into computer code”：文章明确指出Codex是一个能将自然语言指令转化为计算机代码的 AI 系统，与选项B描述一致。 2．第四段团队成员Li Na所说“The hardest part was understanding what elderly users really needed”：创建过程中最困难的部分是理解老年用户的真正需求。 3．根据第五段列举的四个主要功能“medicine schedule with picture identification, voice alerts, refill reminder, emergency call button”可知，文中并未提及“聊天室（chat room）”功能。 4．第六段Professor Chen的评价“What impressed me most was... how these students used AI to solve a real human problem... built a solution with empathy”：他主要赞扬的是学生用同理心解决实际问题。 5．根据最后一段“Zhang Wei and his team are now working on an English version”可推断，团队正在开发英文版本，意在扩大应用范围以服务更多用户。 二、所给词的正确形式填空。 （2026·江苏常州市武进区·二模）We are now in the 22nd century. With the 1 (develop) of science and technology, people can change their bodies in the way they want. As years went by, Mr. Smith was 2 (happy) with his look. Several months ago, Mr. Smith went to a body engineering shop and asked for a small nose. Small noses were very popular these years. After the operation, he looked at 3 (him) in the mirror and found that his short hair no longer fit his new look. Then he wanted a change to long hair. When he was leaving, the shopkeeper suddenly told him that the shop had a special offer on ears. At last, Mr. Smith went out of the shop with 4 small nose, long hair and two new ears. In the next few weeks, Mr. Smith’s interest in his look kept 5 (grow). He bought new eyes, new hands and new feet. After that, he looked so young for his age that people around him 6 (simple) couldn’t tell who he was. At first, he was happy with it, 7 the change in the face and fingerprints brought him much trouble. He was 8 (refuse) to enter places like railway stations and airports. In the end, he decided to have his old body back! 9 his surprise, Mrs. Smith was unhappy with his 10 (decide) because she could not bear the bad smell of his old feet. 【答案】 1．development 2．unhappy 3．himself 4．a 5．growing 6．simply 7．but 8．refused 9．To 10．decision 【导语】本文讲述了史密斯先生接连改造鼻子、头发、耳朵等身体部位，后续因外貌、指纹变更遭遇出行麻烦，想要换回原生身体却被妻子拒绝的小故事，警示人们盲目改造身体会引发各类意想不到的问题。 【详解】 1．句意：随着科学技术的发展，人们能够按照自己想要的方式改造身体。“the+名词+of”为固定结构，括号内develop是动词，需要变换为名词形式作介词with的宾语，因此填development。 2．句意：随着时间推移，史密斯先生对自己的外貌不满意。根据后文他前往门店改造鼻子的情节可知，此处表示“不满意”，be unhappy with是固定搭配，happy需变为否定形容词unhappy。 3．句意：做完手术后，他对着镜子端详自己，发现短发和新的样貌不再适配。句子主语是he，宾语指代主语本人，表达“他自己”要使用反身代词himself。 4．句意：最终，史密斯先生带着一个新鼻子、一头长发和两只新耳朵走出了店铺。small nose是单数可数名词，small以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a表泛指“一个”。 5．句意：在接下来的几周里，史密斯先生对改造外貌的兴致持续高涨。固定搭配keep doing sth. 表示“持续做某事”，因此grow要变为动名词growing。 6．句意：在那之后，他看起来远比实际年龄年轻，身边的人根本认不出他是谁。空格修饰动词短语couldn’t tell，需要用副词作状语，形容词simple要变为副词形式simply。 7．句意：起初他对此满心欢喜，但是面部与指纹的改变给他带来了诸多麻烦。前文“开心”和后文“遇到麻烦”是转折逻辑，因此用转折连词but。 8．句意：他被阻拦，无法进入火车站、机场等场所。全文叙事为一般过去时态，谓语动词refuse要使用过去式refused。 9．句意：令他意外的是，史密斯太太并不认可他的决定。固定短语to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”，短语置于句首，首字母大写，此处应填To。 10．句意：史密斯太太不满意他的决定，因为她无法忍受原本双脚难闻的气味。形容词性物主代词his后需要接名词，动词decide变换为名词decision。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $