热点04 跨学科融合阅读（生物+心理+政治）（时文阅读+重难词汇+长难句精析+全文翻译）2027年高考英语热点时文阅读

热点04 跨学科融合阅读（生物+心理+政治） 1 英语+生物 人与自然：动物科学研究 黑猩猩也会经历更年期 2 英语+生物 人与自然：生物行为实验研究 蚊子可习得适应DEET驱虫剂气味 3 英语+心理 人与自我：生活科普 数字断舍离：摆脱手机沉迷 4 英语+政治 人与社会：知识产权/文化保护 路易威登与茉莉茶的商标诉讼背后的文化失语 5 英语+生物 人与自然：植物实验研究 植物能感知雨声、加速生根发芽 6 英语+生物 人与自然：生物特性 神奇固碳蚂蚁：为温室气体治理提供新思路 7 英语+心理 人与自我：社会心理 贴纸图表：成年人的目标激励小妙招 ( 0 1 英语+生物 ) In our human-centric view, the ability to shoot ink or change colors may seem odd, but you know what’s really odd? Menopause (更年期). You can count species other than humans known to experience and outlive menopause on one hand. Only orcas (虎鲸) and some whale populations have females that live long past their reproductive years to become grandmothers. But a new, landmark study confirms that at least one population of chimpanzees can now be added to the list. The discovery comes as the result of 21 years’ worth of observing the Ngogo community of wild chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Studying urine from 66 Ngogo females, aged 14 to 67, showed that their hormone levels changed after approaching 50, confirming they were in menopause. Interestingly, 50 is also the age when many people begin to experience menopause. “It’s really cool to finally have that piece of the puzzle come into place,” says Catherine Hobaiter, a primatologist who was not part of the new study. But Catherine points out that the Ngogo community lives in a chimp paradise: the resource-rich, well-protected Kibale National Park that also lacks leopards, their main predator. And because the Ngogo community is found in the heart of the park, its only neighbors are other chimps — not humans who can expose chimpanzees to viruses that have devastated other communities. “The Ngogo population may be an outlier (特殊群体) when it comes to the rest of the species,” she cautions. And there is a question concerning “the grandmother effect”, according to which a grandmother has a decidedly beneficial effect on her children and grandchildren. Chimpanzees do not form long-term pair-bonds and females leave in search of new communities when they reach maturity, which means grandmother chimpanzees likely don’t know who their grandchildren are in the same way humans or even orcas do. What they do after menopause remains a question of interest. “And that’s all future work to be done,” said Catherine. 1．What can be learned about menopause? A．It is rare among animals. B．It is unique to human beings. C．It is limited to the age of 50. D．It is linked to living environments. 2．What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Scientists have solved the menopause puzzle. B．Ngogo females’ condition remains a mystery. C．Chimpanzee menopause is still in question. D．The finding offers new insight into animal menopause. 3．Why does Catherine mention the living situation of the Ngogo community? A．To argue the finding is groundless. B．To point out a possible study limitation. C．To prove the Ngogo chimps are ideal subjects. D．To stress the need to protect chimps from viruses. 4．How is the last paragraph developed? A．By drawing a firm conclusion. B．By listing several research examples. C．By comparing different animal behaviors. D．By analyzing a concept with supporting facts. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】主要说明了一项21年的研究发现乌干达部分野生雌黑猩猩也有更年期。但该种群生存环境优越属于特例，且黑猩猩不满足祖母效应，相关问题仍有待后续研究。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“You can count species other than humans known to experience and outlive menopause on one hand.(你可以说，除人类之外，已知会经历更年期且活过更年期的物种用一只手就能数过来)”可知，更年期在动物中很罕见。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Studying urine from 66 Ngogo females, aged 14 to 67, showed that their hormone levels changed after approaching 50, confirming they were in menopause. Interestingly, 50 is also the age when many people begin to experience menopause.(对66只年龄在14至67岁之间的Ngogo雌性黑猩猩的尿液进行研究发现，它们在接近50岁时激素水平发生变化，证实了它们已进入更年期。有趣的是，50岁也是许多人开始经历更年期的年龄)”可知，这项里程碑研究证实黑猩猩种群也存在更年期。故划线词意思是“这一发现为动物更年期提供了新的见解”。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段““The Ngogo population may be an outlier (特殊群体) when it comes to the rest of the species,” she cautions.(“就黑猩猩物种的其余种群而言，Ngogo种群可能是个特例，”她提醒道)”可知，凯瑟琳提到Ngogo社区的生活状况是为了指出一项可能的研究局限性。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“And there is a question concerning “the grandmother effect”, according to which a grandmother has a decidedly beneficial effect on her children and grandchildren. Chimpanzees do not form long-term pair-bonds and females leave in search of new communities when they reach maturity, which means grandmother chimpanzees likely don’t know who their grandchildren are in the same way humans or even orcas do. What they do after menopause remains a question of interest. “And that’s all future work to be done,” said Catherine.(还有一个关于“祖母效应”的问题，即祖母对子女和孙辈有着明显积极的影响。黑猩猩不会建立长期的伴侣关系，雌性在成年后会离开寻找新的群体，这意味着黑猩猩的祖母很可能不像人类甚至虎鲸那样清楚自己孙辈的身份。而她们在更年期之后的行为仍是一个值得研究的问题。“这是未来需要完成的工作，”凯瑟琳说)”可知，最后一段通过分析一个概念并辅以相关论据展开。 重难词汇: 1. odd /ɒd/ adj. 古怪的；奇特的；反常的 2. confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ v. 证实；确认；批准 3. landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/ adj. 具有里程碑意义的 n. 地标；重大事件 4. resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ n. 资源；财力 5. devastate /ˈdevəsteɪt/ v. 摧毁；使崩溃；重创 6. beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 有益的；有利的 长难句精析： 1. 原句：Studying urine from 66 Ngogo females, aged 14 to 67, showed that their hormone levels changed after approaching 50, confirming they were in menopause. 分析：本句为主从复合句。主干：Studying urine showed that...（对尿液的研究表明……）；动名词短语 Studying urine 作主语，from 66 Ngogo females、aged 14 to 67 均为后置定语；that 引导宾语从句；句末 confirming... 为现在分词作结果状语，其中包含省略that的宾语从句。 翻译：研究人员对66只年龄在14至67岁的恩戈戈雌性黑猩猩的尿液进行分析后发现，它们年近50岁时激素水平会发生变化，这证实它们进入了更年期。 2. 原句：Chimpanzees do not form long-term pair-bonds and females leave in search of new communities when they reach maturity, which means grandmother chimpanzees likely don’t know who their grandchildren are in the same way humans or even orcas do. 分析：本句为并列复合句。前半句由and连接两个并列分句；when引导时间状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整句话内容；定语从句中又包含who引导的宾语从句和in the same way引导的方式状语从句。 翻译：黑猩猩不会形成长期的配对关系，且雌性黑猩猩成年后会离开族群寻找新的群落，这意味着雌性老年黑猩猩大概率无法像人类甚至虎鲸那样辨认出自己的孙辈。 全文翻译： 以人类的视角来看，喷墨、变色的能力或许显得十分奇特，但你知道真正反常的事情是什么吗？是更年期。除人类之外，已知的能够经历更年期、且绝经后依然存活的物种寥寥无几。此前，只有虎鲸和部分鲸鱼种群的雌性个体，在丧失繁殖能力后仍能长久存活，成为族群中的祖辈。但一项具有里程碑意义的新研究证实，如今至少有一个黑猩猩种群也被纳入了这一名单。 这一发现源于研究人员对乌干达基巴莱国家公园内恩戈戈野生黑猩猩族群长达21年的观测。研究人员分析了66只年龄在14至67岁的恩戈戈雌性黑猩猩的尿液，发现它们年近50岁时体内激素水平会发生改变，由此证实它们会进入更年期。有趣的是，50岁也是很多人类女性开始步入更年期的年龄。并未参与这项新研究的灵长类动物学家凯瑟琳·霍贝特表示：“终于补齐了这一科研谜题的关键一环，这实在太棒了。” 但凯瑟琳指出，恩戈戈黑猩猩族群生活在得天独厚的“乐园”中：基巴莱国家公园物资充沛、生态保护完善，且没有它们的主要天敌豹子。同时，该族群栖息于公园核心区域，周边只有其他黑猩猩族群为伴，不会接触到人类，也就不会感染曾重创其他黑猩猩族群的病毒。她提醒道：“在整个黑猩猩物种中，恩戈戈族群或许是一个特殊的特例。” 此外，关于“祖母效应”还存在诸多疑问。所谓祖母效应，是指祖辈能够对子辈和孙辈产生显著的积极影响。黑猩猩不会建立长期的配偶关系，雌性个体成年后就会离开原生族群寻找新的栖息地，这导致老年雌性黑猩猩无法像人类、甚至虎鲸那样辨认自己的孙辈。而黑猩猩绝经后的生存意义与行为作用，目前仍是有待探索的问题。凯瑟琳表示：“这些都需要后续研究进一步解答。” ( 02 英语+生物 ) Yellow fever mosquitoes exposed the insect repellent (驱虫剂) DEET can learn to associate the off-putting chemical with food, researchers report. The finding suggests that mosquitoes can link unpleasant smells with rewards — turning a negative experience into a positive one. Clément Vinauger, a neuroethologist at Virginia Tech, and his colleagues housed mosquitoes in a central container connected to two bottles: One contained clean air, and the other contained DEET. The team allowed the mosquitoes to feed on blood from an artificial feeder while exposed to only clean air for 10 seconds. The researchers then increased the proportion of DEET, aiming to train the mosquitoes to associate the repellent with a meal. To test the association, the researchers put trained and untrained mosquitoes in narrow tubes. A team member held an untreated hand a few centimeters from one end of the tube and a hand treated with a DEET-containing repellent at the other end. Trained mosquitoes attempted to bite the repellent-treated hand, while untrained mosquitoes stayed clear. Anandasankar Ray, a neuroscientist, who was not involved in the work, notes that although the findings suggest mosquitoes are smelling DEET and that the chemical is not masking our scent (气味), mosquitoes also smell with their legs. The mosquitoes couldn’t land on the repellent-treated hand in the experiments. “They’d be getting the smell of DEET being paired with a bitter touch contact,” Ray says. “It would be a punishment for them rather than a reward.” Vinauger suspects that mosquitoes could learn to associate DEET with a meal when its repellent effects have largely worn off, perhaps hours after people apply it to their skin. “There might still be some traces of DEET on the skin, but maybe not enough to create that repellency effect,” Vinauger says. “Mosquitoes might still land, drink some blood and not be repelled.” If they manage to get blood, the insects may learn to link the smell with the meal and begin hunting for a combination of human smell and DEET. The results certainly don’t suggest that people shouldn’t use DEET, Vinauger says. “It’s still the gold standard in terms of protection.” But the chemical is sold by different brands at varying concentrations, and each product may come with unique instructions. “Reading the label,” he says, “is important.” 1．How did the researchers train the mosquitoes to associate DEET with a meal? A．By placing a treated hand next to a feeder. B．By removing their ability to smell. C．By extending pre-feeding DEET exposure. D．By increasing DEET during blood feeding. 2．According to Ray, what is the punishment for the mosquitoes? A．Painful touch with DEET. B．Death from starvation. C．Reduced desire for blood. D．Decreased sense of smell. 3．What does Vinauger suggest people do? A．Apply the repellent more than it is recommended. B．Choose products with low DEET concentration. C．Follow the products’ instructions accordingly. D．Stop using DEET immediately. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why does DEET still work? B．Why is DEET the best choice? C．Can DEET attract mosquitoes? D．Can mosquitoes survive DEET? 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】研究发现接触避蚊胺的蚊子可习得关联记忆，将驱虫剂气味与进食关联，并解读相关实验、争议与使用建议。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The team allowed the mosquitoes to feed on blood from an artificial feeder while exposed to only clean air for 10 seconds. The researchers then increased the proportion of DEET, aiming to train the mosquitoes to associate the repellent with a meal.(研究团队先让蚊子在仅接触洁净空气的环境中，从人工喂食器吸食血液10秒。随后研究人员增加避蚊胺的比例，旨在训练蚊子将这种驱虫剂与进食关联起来)”可知，研究人员通过在蚊子吸血过程中增加避蚊胺的浓度，训练蚊子建立二者的关联。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The mosquitoes couldn’t land on the repellent-treated hand in the experiments. “They’d be getting the smell of DEET being paired with a bitter touch contact,” Ray says. “It would be a punishment for them rather than a reward.”(实验中蚊子无法落在涂抹了驱虫剂的手上。Ray表示：“它们会闻到避蚊胺的气味，同时伴随不适的触感接触，这对它们而言是一种惩罚，而非奖赏。”)”可知，对蚊子来说，带有避蚊胺的不适感触觉是一种惩罚。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But the chemical is sold by different brands at varying concentrations, and each product may come with unique instructions. “Reading the label,” he says, “is important.”(但这种化学驱虫剂有不同品牌、不同浓度的售卖版本，且每种产品可能都有专属使用说明。他表示：“阅读产品标签十分重要。”)”可知，Vinauger建议人们遵照产品说明书使用驱虫剂。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Yellow fever mosquitoes exposed the insect repellent (驱虫剂) DEET can learn to associate the off-putting chemical with food, researchers report. The finding suggests that mosquitoes can link unpleasant smells with rewards — turning a negative experience into a positive one.(研究人员称，接触过驱虫剂避蚊胺的埃及伊蚊能够学会将这种令人不适的化学物质与食物关联起来。这一发现表明蚊子可以将难闻的气味与回报联系起来，将负面体验转化为正面体验)”以及第四段“If they manage to get blood, the insects may learn to link the smell with the meal and begin hunting for a combination of human smell and DEET.(如果它们成功吸食到血液，这类昆虫可能会学会将这种气味与进食关联，并开始寻找兼具人体气味和避蚊胺气味的目标)”可知，文章核心围绕蚊子可将避蚊胺与进食关联，避蚊胺或对蚊子产生吸引效果展开，探讨避蚊胺是否会吸引蚊子。C项“避蚊胺能吸引蚊子吗？”贴合全文研究核心主题，适合作标题。 重难词汇: 1. expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ v. 使接触；暴露；揭露 2.associate /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/ v. 联想；联系 adj. 副的（阅读+写作高频） 3. artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 人造的；人工的；虚假的 4. proportion /prəˈpɔːʃn/ n. 比例；份额；均衡 5. suspect /səˈspekt/ v. 推测；怀疑 n. 嫌疑犯 6. concentration /ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/ n. 浓度；集中；专注 长难句精析： 1. 原句：Yellow fever mosquitoes exposed the insect repellent DEET can learn to associate the off-putting chemical with food, researchers report. 分析：本句为复合句。主干：mosquitoes can learn to associate chemical with food（蚊子能够将这种难闻的化学物质与食物建立关联）；exposed the insect repellent DEET 为过去分词后置定语，修饰主语mosquitoes；associate...with... 为高考固定搭配，意为“把……与……联系起来”。 翻译：研究人员称，接触过避蚊胺（DEET）驱虫剂的埃及伊蚊，能够学会将这种难闻的化学物质与食物关联起来。 2. 原句：Anandasankar Ray, a neuroscientist, who was not involved in the work, notes that although the findings suggest mosquitoes are smelling DEET and that the chemical is not masking our scent, mosquitoes also smell with their legs. 分析：本句为多层主从复合句，结构复杂。主干：Anandasankar Ray notes that...（阿南达桑卡尔·雷指出……）；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主语Ray；that引导宾语从句，从句内部嵌套although让步状语从句，状语从句中又包含两个并列的that宾语从句。 翻译：未参与此项研究的神经科学家阿南达桑卡尔·雷指出，尽管研究结果表明蚊子可以闻到避蚊胺的气味，且这种化学物质并不会掩盖人体气味，但蚊子同样可以通过腿部感知气味。 3. 原句：But the chemical is sold by different brands at varying concentrations, and each product may come with unique instructions. 分析：本句为并列简单句，由and连接两个分句。前一分句为被动语态，at varying concentrations 为介词短语作状语，表“以不同浓度”；后一分句come with为固定短语，意为“附带、配有”，。 翻译：但不同品牌售卖的该类驱虫剂浓度各不相同，且每款产品都配有专属的使用说明。 全文翻译： 研究人员报告称，接触过避蚊胺（DEET）驱虫剂的埃及伊蚊，能够学会将这种难闻的化学物质与食物关联起来。这一发现表明，蚊子可以将难闻的气味与进食回报建立联系，将负面体验转化为正面记忆。 弗吉尼亚理工大学的神经动物学家克莱芒·维诺热及其团队开展了相关实验。研究人员将蚊子放置在一个中央容器中，该容器连通两个气瓶，一个装有纯净空气，另一个装有避蚊胺气体。研究团队先让蚊子在仅有纯净空气的环境中，从人工采血装置中进食10秒。随后，研究人员逐步提高避蚊胺气体浓度，以此训练蚊子，让其将驱虫剂气味与进食行为绑定。为验证这一关联效应，研究人员将经过训练和未经过训练的蚊子分别放入细管中。实验人员将一只未涂抹驱虫剂的手置于细管一端数厘米处，将一只涂抹了含避蚊胺驱虫剂的手置于另一端。结果显示，经过训练的蚊子会试图叮咬涂抹驱虫剂的手，而未经过训练的蚊子则会主动避开。 未参与该研究的神经科学家阿南达桑卡尔·雷对此提出补充观点。他指出，虽然研究证明蚊子能够识别避蚊胺气味，且该物质不会掩盖人体本身的气味，但蚊子的腿部同样具备嗅觉功能。在实验中，蚊子无法落在涂抹驱虫剂的手上。雷表示：“蚊子在闻到避蚊胺气味的同时，会感受到刺痛的接触感，对它们而言，这并非进食奖励，而是一种惩罚。” 维诺热推测，当避蚊胺的驱虫效果基本消退后，蚊子就能够习得将该气味与进食关联，这一情况大概率出现在人们涂抹驱虫剂数小时之后。他解释道：“人体皮肤上可能仍残留少量避蚊胺，但残留量已不足以起到驱虫效果。此时蚊子可以降落、吸血，且不会被驱离。”一旦蚊子成功吸血，它们就会将这种气味与食物绑定，进而主动寻找带有人体气味和避蚊胺气味的目标。 维诺热强调，该研究结果绝不意味着人们可以停止使用避蚊胺。“它目前仍是防护效果最可靠的黄金标准。”但不同品牌的驱虫剂避蚊胺浓度存在差异，各类产品的使用说明也各不相同。因此他表示：“仔细阅读产品使用说明至关重要。” ( 03 阅读理解 ) Has this ever happened to you? You pick up your phone to check one thing, and one hour later, you’re still scrolling (滚屏) through social media, having completely forgotten what you originally intended to do. 1 A digital detox — a planned and mindful break from digital technology — might be just what you need. 2 If you feel anxious when your phone is out of reach, or if your real-life activities have decreased because you spend too much time online, it’s probably time for a change. Poor sleep caused by late-night scrolling is another warning sign. Putting down phones brings many benefits. Constant social media use often fills our minds with unfair comparisons and feelings of not being good enough, which can cause anxiety and depression. Stepping away from screens breaks this unhealthy cycle. 3 It also helps you maintain a better work-life balance and prevents burnout. Research has even shown that reducing screen time can improve sleep quality. So how can you successfully carry out a digital detox? Experts suggest that extreme plans, such as spending an entire week offline, are rarely effective. 4 Simple actions like turning off unnecessary notifications, setting daily time limits on apps, or keeping your phone in another room while you sleep can make a difference. Creating tech-free zones in your home is another effective strategy. 5 For example, keeping phones out of the bedroom can improve your sleep, and leaving them off the dining table encourages more meaningful conversations with family members. These small changes, though seemingly simple, can help you reconnect with what truly matters in life. A．It reduces stress and feelings of loneliness. B．But how can you tell if you actually need a digital detox? C．These areas help you focus more on real-life interactions. D．This constant connection to the digital world comes at a cost. E．However, creating such areas takes too much time and effort. F．Many people find it difficult to start a digital detox on their own. G．Instead, making small changes to your daily routine works better. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．G 5．C 【导语】文章介绍数字戒断的概念、需要戒断的信号及其好处，并建议用小改变、设立无电子区等方式成功完成数字戒断。 【详解】1．由上文“You pick up your phone to check one thing, and one hour later, you’re still scrolling (滚屏) through social media, having completely forgotten what you originally intended to do.(你拿起手机想查一件事，一小时后，你还在刷社交媒体，早已忘记原本要做什么。)”可知，上文描述沉迷手机的现象，空格处要引出这种持续联网状态带来弊端，而D项“This constant connection to the digital world comes at a cost.(这种与数字世界的持续连接是有代价的。)”符合此处语境，承接上文现象，引出下文数字戒断的办法。 2．由下文“If you feel anxious when your phone is out of reach, or if your real-life activities have decreased because you spend too much time online, it’s probably time for a change.(当手机不在身边你就感到焦虑，或是上网太久导致现实活动变少，那或许该做出改变了。)”可知，下文介绍需要数字戒断的信号，空格处应提出问题，B项“But how can you tell if you actually need a digital detox?(但你怎么判断自己是否真的需要一次数字戒断呢？)”符合语境，引出下文判断标准。 3．由上文“Stepping away from screens breaks this unhealthy cycle.(远离屏幕可以打破这种不健康的循环。)”以及后文“It also helps you maintain a better work-life balance and prevents burnout.(它还能帮你更好地平衡工作与生活，避免身心疲惫。)”可知，空格处介绍远离屏幕的好处，A项“It reduces stress and feelings of loneliness.(它能减轻压力与孤独感。)”符合语境，It指代前文Stepping away from screens，和后文also构成并列。 4．由上文“Experts suggest that extreme plans, such as spending an entire week offline, are rarely effective.(专家表示，像整整一周不上网这类极端计划几乎没有效果。)”可知，极端方案效果差，空格处转折提出更好的方式，G项“Instead, making small changes to your daily routine works better.(相反，在日常习惯上做些微小改变效果更好。)”符合语境，承接上文否定极端做法。 5．由上文“Creating tech-free zones in your home is another effective strategy.(在家中设立无电子设备区是另一个有效方法。)”可知，本段主题是设立无电子区域，C项“These areas help you focus more on real-life interactions.(这些区域能帮你更多地专注现实中的交流。)”符合语境，These areas指代上文tech-free zones。 重难词汇: 1. originally /əˈrɪdʒənəli/ adv. 起初；原来 2. intend /ɪnˈtend/ v. 打算；想要；计划 3. detox /ˈdiːtɒks/ n. 排毒；戒除 4. constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ adj. 持续的；不断的；恒定的 5. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ v. 维持；保持；维护 6. effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的；起作用的 长难句精析： 1. 原句：You pick up your phone to check one thing, and one hour later, you’re still scrolling through social media, having completely forgotten what you originally intended to do. 分析：并列句+非谓语结构。and连接两个并列分句；末尾 having forgotten... 为现在分词完成式作伴随状语，表动作先于主句发生；what引导宾语从句，作forgotten的宾语，是高考七选五高频句式。 翻译：你拿起手机只想查看一件事，可一小时后，你仍在刷社交媒体，早已彻底忘记了自己最初想做的事。 2. 原句：Constant social media use often fills our minds with unfair comparisons and feelings of not being good enough, which can cause anxiety and depression. 分析：主干为主谓宾结构；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整件事，表结果；fill...with... 为固定搭配，意为“用……填满……”，是高考写作高频句型。 翻译：频繁刷社交媒体会让我们不断进行不合理的攀比，滋生自我否定的情绪，进而引发焦虑和抑郁。 3. 原句：These small changes, though seemingly simple, can help you reconnect with what truly matters in life. 分析：主干为 These small changes can help you do sth；though seemingly simple 为让步状语省略结构（完整：though they seem simple）；what引导宾语从句，作reconnect with的宾语，句式简洁高级，适合仿写作文。 翻译：这些看似微不足道的小改变，能帮你重新拥抱生活中真正重要的事物。 全文翻译： 你是否经历过这样的情况？你拿起手机只想查看一件事，可一小时过后，你还在不停地刷社交媒体，彻底忘了自己最初的目的。进行一次数字断舍离——有计划、有意识地脱离数码产品——或许正是你所需要的。 当手机不在身边时你会感到焦虑，或是因为上网时间过长导致现实生活中的活动大幅减少，那你或许就该做出改变了。熬夜刷手机导致睡眠质量变差，也是一个警示信号。 放下手机益处良多。频繁浏览社交媒体，会让我们陷入无端攀比、自我否定的情绪中，进而产生焦虑、低落的心理。远离电子屏幕，就能打破这种不健康的循环。这也能帮助我们更好地平衡工作与生活，避免身心透支。研究甚至证实，减少屏幕使用时间能够提升睡眠质量。 那么，如何成功实现数字断舍离？专家表示，彻底断网一周这类极端的戒断方式，收效甚微。关闭不必要的消息通知、设置软件每日使用时长、睡觉时将手机放在另一个房间，这些简单的举动都会起到积极作用。 在家中打造无电子设备区域，也是一种有效的方法。例如，卧室不放手机可以改善睡眠，餐桌上不摆放手机，能促进家人之间更真诚、深入的交流。这些看似简单的微小改变，能帮你重新联结生活中真正有意义的事物。 ( 04 英语+政治 ) The trademark lawsuit between Louis Vuitton and Molly Tea looks like a simple commercial conflict, yet it exposes our deep trouble of collective cultural aphasia (失语) and the loss of discourse power over traditional Chinese patterns. Though the court’s ruling follows the law, many Chinese people feel upset. It’s said that the four-petal floral pattern LV uses to protect its trademark may have come from Tang-dynasty treasure flower patterns and ancient persimmon calyx patterns, which have been Chinese public cultural treasures for thousands of years. However, they now become exclusive commercial symbols owned by an overseas brand. Many netizens publicly consider it a “reverse exploitation”, which results from our long-time ignorance of traditional patterns. For centuries, treasure flowers, cloud patterns and Hui patterns decorate ancient paintings, porcelain and buildings, carrying Chinese beauty and good wishes. However, we have seldom systematically registered or protected them with IP (intellectual property) rights. Foreign brands have long absorbed inspiration from Chinese ancient patterns, made small changes and completed global trademark registrations. On the contrary, domestic brands use our ancestors’ patterns casually without awareness of property rights. They only realize these cultural symbols have been occupied by foreign capital when lawsuits arrive. This is typical cultural aphasia: we admire the beauty of ancient patterns, but fail to guard their legal rights; we love national trend aesthetics (美学), but lack a complete system to protect traditional culture. Collective cultural aphasia may not merely allow foreign brands to privatize those symbols, but also block the development of domestic Chinese-style industries. If local brands face huge fines every time they use native ancient patterns, it will be hard to pass down traditional beauty. For a long time, we only enjoy the artistic heritage left by our ancestors passively, instead of actively registering patterns, building digital databases and perfecting relevant laws. As a result, precious cultural resources may fall into the hands of foreign businesses. Joint efforts are essential to fix this problem. The government should build a public pattern database and clarify usage rules. Enterprises need to value traditional cultural IP and create original Chinese-style works. With enhanced cultural confidence, we can safeguard our unique cultural symbols and let Eastern aesthetics develop sustainably. 1．What does the underlined phrase “reverse exploitation” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Domestic brands use foreign classic patterns. B．Chinese firms recover cultural symbols via lawsuits. C．Courts fine foreign brands for copying local designs. D．Foreign brands profit from Chinese cultural resources. 2．Why do domestic brands easily get into trademark trouble? A．They simply copy foreign brands. B．They lack IP protection awareness. C．They fail to build digital databases. D．They refuse to follow the new laws. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．Foreign brands seize our traditional patterns. B．Heritage is not appreciated or well-protected. C．Cultural silence leads to multiple harmful outcomes. D．High fines stop China passing down traditional beauty. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Value of Traditional Floral Patterns B．Ways to Register Traditional Chinese Patterns C．Cultural Aphasia Reflected in the Pattern Lawsuit D．Closure of the Conflict Between LV and Molly Tea 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文以路易威登与茉莉茶的商标诉讼为切入点，讲述了中国传统纹样面临的知识产权保护困境，揭露了集体文化失语的深层问题并提出对应解决方向。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据画线词“reverse exploitation”后面的“Foreign brands have long absorbed inspiration from Chinese ancient patterns, made small changes and completed global trademark registrations.(国外品牌长期从中国古代纹样中汲取灵感，稍作改动后就完成全球商标注册。)”可知，中国本土的公共文化资源被外国品牌改造后注册为自有商标并从中获利，形成了反向的文化掠夺。画线词应含有“外国品牌利用中国文化资源牟利”之意。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“On the contrary, domestic brands use our ancestors’ patterns casually without awareness of property rights. They only realize these cultural symbols have been occupied by foreign capital when lawsuits arrive.(相反，国产品牌随意使用我们祖先的纹样，缺乏产权意识。直到诉讼找上门时，他们才意识到这些文化符号已被外资抢占。)”可知，国内品牌容易陷入商标纠纷的核心原因是自身知识产权保护意识不足。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Collective cultural aphasia may not merely allow foreign brands to privatize those symbols, but also block the development of domestic Chinese-style industries.(集体文化失语可能不仅会让外国品牌将这些文化符号据为己有，还会阻碍本土国风产业的发展。)”可知，这是该段主旨句，本段围绕集体文化失语带来的多重危害展开，进一步阐述了被动传承文化遗产会导致传统美学难以传承、文化资源流入外资手中等后果。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The trademark lawsuit between Louis Vuitton and Molly Tea looks like a simple commercial conflict, yet it exposes our deep trouble of collective cultural aphasia and the loss of discourse power over traditional Chinese patterns.(路易威登与茉莉茶之间的商标诉讼看似只是一场简单的商业纠纷，却暴露出我们面临的深层困境：集体文化失语，以及中国传统纹样话语权的流失。)”。全文围绕这一核心，依次分析了现象成因、现实危害与解决路径。C项表示“图案侵权案中折射出的文化失语”，涵盖本文的主旨，适合作为本文标题。 重难词汇: 1. commercial /kəˈmɜːʃl/ adj. 商业的；盈利的 n. 商业广告 2. expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ v. 揭露；暴露；使接触 3. ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/ n. 无知；忽视 4. domestic /dəˈmestɪk/ adj. 国内的；本土的；家用的 5. inherit /ɪnˈherɪt/ v. 继承；传承 6. sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v. 维持；支撑；持续 长难句精析： 1. 原句：The trademark lawsuit between Louis Vuitton and Molly Tea looks like a simple commercial conflict, yet it exposes our deep trouble of collective cultural aphasia and the loss of discourse power over traditional Chinese patterns. 分析：本句为并列复合句，由yet表转折。前半句主干：The lawsuit looks like a conflict；后半句主干：it exposes two core problems（cultural aphasia / loss of discourse power）；between...后置定语修饰lawsuit，over...为后置定语修饰power，句式工整，是文章主旨句。 翻译：路易·威登与茉莉茶之间的商标纠纷看似是一场简单的商业冲突，却暴露出我们深层次的集体文化失语问题，以及中国传统纹样话语权的流失。 2. 原句：They only realize these cultural symbols have been occupied by foreign capital when lawsuits arrive. 分析：主从复合句。主句包含省略that的宾语从句（these cultural symbols...capital）；when引导时间状语从句；主句为被动语态，凸显问题的被动性，句式简洁但表意深刻。 翻译：只有当诉讼纠纷发生时，国内品牌才意识到这些文化符号早已被外资抢占。 3. 原句：Collective cultural aphasia may not merely allow foreign brands to privatize those symbols, but also block the development of domestic Chinese-style industries. 分析：本句核心考点为 not merely...but also...（不仅……而且……）并列结构，连接两个谓语动词allow和block；主干清晰，逻辑分层明确。 翻译：集体性的文化失语，不仅会让外国品牌将这些公共文化符号私有化，还会阻碍国内国风产业的发展。 全文翻译： 路易·威登与茉莉茶的商标纠纷看似是一场普通的商业矛盾，却揭露了我国深层的集体文化失语困境，以及传统纹样话语权流失的严重问题。尽管法院的裁决合法合规，但众多国人仍心生感慨。据悉，路易·威登用于商标保护的四瓣花纹样，原型源自中国唐代宝相花与古柿蒂纹，这些纹样是流传千年的中华公共文化瑰宝。可如今，这些传统纹样却成为海外品牌专属的商业标识。 不少网友将这一现象称作“反向掠夺”，而这一切的根源，是我们长期以来对传统纹样的忽视。千百年来，宝相花、云纹、回纹等传统纹样点缀在古画、瓷器与古建筑之上，承载着中式美学与美好期许。但我们从未对这些纹样进行系统的知识产权注册与保护。国外品牌长期借鉴中国古纹样，稍加改良后便完成全球商标注册。反观国内品牌，随意使用先辈流传的传统纹样，毫无知识产权保护意识，唯有遭遇诉讼时，才幡然醒悟这些文化符号已被外资抢占。这就是典型的文化失语：我们欣赏古纹样之美，却无力守护其合法权益；我们追捧国风美学，却缺乏完善的传统文化保护体系。 集体文化失语的危害不容小觑，它不仅让外国品牌独占我国传统文化符号，还严重制约国内国风产业的发展。如果本土品牌使用本土古纹样就要面临巨额罚款，传统美学的传承便无从谈起。长期以来，我们只是被动享受先辈留下的文化艺术遗产，从未主动开展纹样注册、搭建数字资源库、完善相关法律法规。久而久之，珍贵的本土文化资源不断落入外资企业手中。 解决这一问题需要多方协同发力。政府应搭建公共传统纹样数据库，明确纹样使用规范；企业要重视传统文化知识产权，打造原创国风作品。唯有不断增强文化自信，我们才能守护好专属的文化符号，让东方美学实现长效传承与可持续发展。 ( 05 英语+生物 ) （2027·湖南邵阳·一模）For humans, the sound of rain is often calming, but for plants, it works like an alarm clock. When raindrops hit the ground or water, the vibrations below the surface are much stronger than those above. New research suggests that plants have learned to use this signal to their advantage. A study in Scientific Reports shows that rice seeds sprout (发芽) faster when they are exposed to the sound of rain. The researchers say this is the first direct evidence that plants can sense and respond to sound. They believe seeds from other plants may behave the same way. Nicholas Makris, the lead researcher from MIT, calls this effect “unusual and odd.” He says such a discovery could only be made by scientists working across various disciplines — acoustics and plant biology. For years, scientists have wondered how much plants can sense in the world around them. Some studies suggest plants might even “see” or “think,” but few have shown a direct link between a specific event and the plant’s immediate reaction. This new study focuses on the connection between sound and sprouting. In plants, cellular structures called statoliths are responsible for external sensing. Shifting at the bottom of these structures is starch (淀粉), which helps plants to detect changes in their position and tell seeds in which direction to grow their roots. The researchers theorized that rain sounds underwater could shake these statoliths enough to speed up sprouting in rice seeds. The scientists exposed about 8,000 rice seeds in water — their preferred growing condition — to rain sounds. Another group of seeds was kept in quiet conditions, with everything else the same. The results were striking: the seeds that “heard” rain sprouted 30 to 40 percent faster than seeds that were kept in quiet but otherwise similar conditions. Heidi Appel, a biologist not involved in the study, says this is an important step forward. She praises it as the first work to carefully measure how raindrops’ vibrations affect seeds in a realistic way. The researchers hope their finding will encourage other scientists to explore how plants respond to natural sounds like wind or insect noises. This study not only deepens our knowledge of plants but also opens new doors for understanding how they interact with their environment. 1．What does the Scientific Reports study confirm? A．Most plant seeds are sensitive to rainfall. B．Rain sounds can speed rice seeds’ sprouting. C．Plants send out signals to sense raindrops. D．Rice seeds favour vibrations below the surface. 2．What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．The research on plants’ hearing has a long history. B．That plants can “see” or “think” has been well proved. C．The discovery requires joint efforts from different fields. D．Scientists have denied plants’ immediate reaction to events. 3．Which statement is true about statoliths and the experiment? A．Statoliths are produced when seeds hear raindrops. B．The experiment discovered plants sprouted faster in quiet conditions. C．Statoliths are responsible for internal sensing. D．The experiment has revealed amazing findings. 4．It can be expected that follow-up studies will ________. A．cover more varieties of natural sounds for plant-response tests B．deepen research into how rainfall affects the growth of various plants C．clarify how statoliths sense external changes inside plant cells D．focus on increasing the seeds’ sprouting speed through sound stimulation 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了一项新研究表明植物能够感知雨声并做出反应，暴露在雨声中的水稻种子发芽速度更快，这项研究加深了人类对植物感知能力的理解，也为后续探索植物与环境的互动开辟了新方向。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A study in Scientific Reports shows that rice seeds sprout (发芽) faster when they are exposed to the sound of rain. (发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，当水稻种子暴露在雨声中时，发芽速度更快)”可知，该研究确认了雨声能够加快水稻种子的发芽速度。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“He says such a discovery could only be made by scientists working across various disciplines — acoustics and plant biology.(他说，这样的发现只能由跨不同学科——声学和植物生物学——合作的科学家做出)”可推知，这一发现需要不同领域的共同努力才能完成。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“The results were striking: the seeds that “heard” rain sprouted 30 to 40 percent faster than seeds that were kept in quiet but otherwise similar conditions.(结果令人震惊：“听到”雨声的种子比在安静但其他条件相似环境下的种子发芽速度快30%到40%)”以及第六段“Heidi Appel, a biologist not involved in the study, says this is an important step forward.(未参与该研究的生物学家Heidi Appel表示，这是向前迈出的重要一步)”可知，该实验得出了令人惊讶的重大发现。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段“The researchers hope their finding will encourage other scientists to explore how plants respond to natural sounds like wind or insect noises. (研究人员希望他们的发现能鼓励其他科学家探索植物对风或昆虫叫声等自然声音的反应)”可知，后续研究将会拓展测试范围，针对更多种类的自然声音测试植物的反应。 重难词汇: 1. calming /ˈkɑːmɪŋ/ adj. 令人平静的；使人放松的 2. vibration /vaɪˈbreɪʃn/ n. 震动；颤动 3. expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ v. 使接触；暴露 4. discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 学科；领域领域 5. striking /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ adj. 显著的；惊人的 6. realistic /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/ adj. 真实的；切合实际的 长难句精析： 1. 原句：Shifting at the bottom of these structures is starch, which helps plants to detect changes in their position and tell seeds in which direction to grow their roots. 分析：倒装句+定语从句。主句为表语前置倒装，正常语序：Starch is shifting at the bottom of these structures；which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为starch，从句包含两个并列谓语help和tell；in which direction 引导宾语从句。 翻译：这些细胞结构底部的淀粉会发生移动，帮助植物感知自身位置的变化，并引导种子确定根系的生长方向。 2. 原句：This study not only deepens our knowledge of plants but also opens new doors for understanding how they interact with their environment. 分析：本句为not only...but also...并列结构，连接两个谓语动词，是高考写作万能句型；how引导宾语从句，作understanding的宾语；句式工整、表意高级，可直接仿写。 翻译：这项研究不仅加深了人类对植物的认知，也为探索植物与环境的互动方式开辟了新的研究方向。 全文翻译： 对人类而言，雨声往往让人内心平静，但对植物来说，雨声就如同闹钟一般。雨滴撞击地面或水面时，物体表面下方的震动强度要远高于表面上方。新研究表明，植物早已学会利用这一自然信号为自身生长赋能。 《科学报告》的一项研究显示，水稻种子在接触雨声环境时，发芽速度会更快。研究人员表示，这是证明植物能够感知声音并做出反应的首个直接证据，他们认为其他植物的种子或许也具备相同的特性。 麻省理工学院的首席研究员尼古拉斯·马克里斯称这一效应“奇特而罕见”。他指出，该发现是跨学科研究的成果，融合了声学与植物生物学两大领域。长期以来，科学家一直好奇植物能够感知周遭世界的多少信息。已有研究表明植物甚至可以“视物”或“思考”，但极少有研究能证明特定外界刺激与植物即时反应之间的直接关联。而这项新研究聚焦于声音与植物发芽的内在联系。 植物体内有一种名为平衡石的细胞结构，负责感知外界刺激。该结构底部的淀粉会发生位移，帮助植物感知自身位置变化，同时指引种子根系的生长方向。研究人员推测，水下的雨声震动能够带动平衡石晃动，进而加快水稻种子的发芽速度。 研究人员将约8000颗水稻种子置于水中（水稻最适宜的生长环境），并使其接触雨声环境；同时设置另一组种子，在其他条件完全一致的安静环境中培育。实验结果十分显著：接触雨声的种子，发芽速度比安静环境下的种子快30%至40%。 未参与本次研究的生物学家海蒂·阿佩尔表示，这项研究是一次重要的突破。她评价称，这是首个以真实环境为依托，精准测算雨滴震动对种子影响的研究。研究团队希望该发现能推动更多科学家探索植物对风声、虫鸣等各类自然声音的反应。这项研究不仅深化了人类对植物的认知，也为探究植物与环境的互动机制打开了全新的大门。 ( 06 阅读理解 ) An ant species has evolved a remarkable solution to the danger of excess carbon dioxide inside their nests, which may hold clues to how humans can store greenhouse gases to prevent climate disaster. Fungus-farming (种植真菌) ants collect vegetation to feed cultivated fungi grown inside their colonies. In turn, the fungi serve as their primary food source. The high density of ants and fungi can result in high concentrations of CO₂ inside the nests. In 2020, Cameron Currie at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his colleagues found that Acromyrmex echinatior ants incorporate a carbonate biomineral into their armour (外壳). The ants do this through a symbiotic (共生的) relationship with Pseudonocardia bacteria, which transform CO₂ into rock using chemical processes that aren’t yet properly understood. Now, the team has discovered that another fungus-farming ant, Sericomymex amabilis, which is found in Central and South America, can do the same thing without symbiotic bacteria, becoming the first known animal to have evolved this ability. Remarkably, the mineral they make is dolomite. Dolomite rocks, such as those in Italy’s Dolomite mountains, normally take millions of years and complex geological processes to form. Yet the ants do this quickly and effortlessly, without high temperatures, says team member Hongjie Li at Zhejiang University in China. Dolomite consists of calcium, magnesium and carbonate. Forming it in the lab is difficult because magnesium doesn’t easily fit into the calcium carbonate structure, which slows down crystal formation, says Currie. To try to overcome this, he says, scientists use high temperatures and pressures. The next phase of the team’s research will try to find out how ants are able to accomplish this. In an effort to counteract global warming, scientists are exploring techniques for converting atmospheric CO2 into carbonate minerals, essentially turning carbon into stone. “These ants are the first animal shown to be engaging in such a process, offering exciting potential as a model for human efforts,” says Currie. 1．What can we learn about the fungus-farming ants’ nest? A．It stays open to outside air. B．It contains a high level of CO₂. C．It is too unstable for ants to survive. D．It provides little room for fungal growth. 2．What makes Sericomymex amabilis different from Acromyrmex echinatior in mineral formation? A．A wider geographic range. B．Involvement of a new fungus. C．A fully understood mechanism. D．Independence from bacterial help. 3．Which word best describes dolomite formation in nature? A．Simple. B．Risky. C．Time-consuming. D．Pressure-dependent. 4．How is the text mainly organized? A．Problem → solutions → outcome. B．Claim → counterclaim → resolution. C．Definition → classification → summary. D．Discovery → explanation → implications. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕真菌种植蚂蚁的独特固碳能力展开，介绍相关科研发现及潜在应用价值。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“The high density of ants and fungi can result in high concentrations of CO₂ inside the nests.(蚂蚁和真菌的高密度会导致巢穴内二氧化碳浓度升高。)”可知，真菌种植蚂蚁的巢穴内二氧化碳含量很高。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“In 2020, Cameron Currie at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his colleagues found that Acromyrmex echinatior ants incorporate a carbonate biomineral into their armour (外壳). The ants do this through a symbiotic (共生的) relationship with Pseudonocardia bacteria (2020年，威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的卡梅伦·柯里和他的同事发现，多刺切叶蚁会将碳酸盐生物矿物质融入它们的外壳。这些蚂蚁通过与假诺卡氏菌的共生关系来实现这一点)”以及第四段的句子“Now, the team has discovered that another fungus-farming ant, Sericomymex amabilis, which is found in Central and South America, can do the same thing without symbiotic bacteria (现在，该团队发现另一种生活在中美洲和南美洲的真菌种植蚂蚁——Sericomymex amabilis，无需共生细菌就能做到同样的事情)”可知，Sericomymex amabilis与Acromyrmex echinatior的不同之处在于前者无需细菌帮助就能形成矿物质。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段的句子“Dolomite rocks, such as those in Italy’s Dolomite mountains, normally take millions of years and complex geological processes to form. (白云岩，如意大利白云石山脉中的那些岩石，通常需要数百万年和复杂的地质过程才能形成。)”可知，自然形成白云岩非常耗时。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。文章首先介绍真菌种植蚂蚁能将二氧化碳转化为矿物质这一发现，接着解释这一过程的原理和不同蚂蚁的实现方式，最后探讨该发现对人类应对全球变暖的启示，整体结构为“发现→解释→意义”。故选D项。 重难词汇: 1. evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 进化；逐步发展 2. excess /ɪkˈses/ adj. 过量的；多余的 3. concentration /ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/ n. 浓度；集中 4. symbiotic /ˌsɪmbaɪˈɒtɪk/ adj. 共生的 5. accomplish /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/ v. 完成；实现 6. counteract /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/ v. 抵消；对抗；抵御 长难句精析： 1. 原句：An ant species has evolved a remarkable solution to the danger of excess carbon dioxide inside their nests, which may hold clues to how humans can store greenhouse gases to prevent climate disaster. 分析：主从复合句。主句主干：An ant species has evolved a solution；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前文整句话；从句内嵌套how引导的宾语从句，作介词to的宾语；不定式to prevent表目的。 翻译：有一种蚂蚁进化出了绝佳的办法，以应对巢穴内二氧化碳过量的危害，这或许能为人类储存温室气体、防范气候灾难提供思路。 2. 原句：The ants do this through a symbiotic relationship with Pseudonocardia bacteria, which transform CO₂ into rock using chemical processes that aren’t yet properly understood. 分析：多层嵌套定语从句。主句主干：The ants do this；which引导定语从句修饰bacteria；现在分词using作方式状语；that引导定语从句修饰chemical processes，是高考典型多层长难句结构。 翻译：这类蚂蚁通过与假诺卡氏菌形成共生关系实现这一过程，该细菌能利用人类尚未完全探明的化学反应，将二氧化碳转化为岩石。 3. 原句：In an effort to counteract global warming, scientists are exploring techniques for converting atmospheric CO2 into carbonate minerals, essentially turning carbon into stone. 分析：简单句+非谓语结构。In an effort to do 为目的状语；主干：scientists are exploring techniques；for converting...为后置定语修饰techniques；句末现在分词turning作结果状语。 翻译：为了抵御全球变暖，科学家正在探索将大气中的二氧化碳转化为碳酸盐矿物的技术，本质上就是将碳固化为岩石。 全文翻译： 有一种蚂蚁进化出了绝佳的方式，用以解决巢穴内二氧化碳含量过高的危害，这或许能为人类储存温室气体、抵御气候灾难提供重要启发。 培育真菌的蚂蚁会收集植物枝叶，喂养巢穴内人工培育的真菌，而这些真菌也是蚂蚁的主要食物来源。蚂蚁与真菌高密度聚集，会导致巢穴内二氧化碳浓度大幅升高。 2020年，威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的卡梅伦·柯里及其团队研究发现，切叶蚁会在自身外壳上生成一种碳酸盐生物矿物。这类蚂蚁依靠与假诺卡氏菌的共生关系完成这一过程，该细菌可通过一系列人类尚未完全探明的化学反应，将二氧化碳转化为岩石。 如今，该团队又发现了一种分布于中南美洲的养菌蚁，无需依靠共生细菌，就能独立完成二氧化碳固化，这也是目前已知的第一种拥有该项能力的动物。 令人惊叹的是，这种蚂蚁生成的矿物是白云石。意大利白云山脉等地的天然白云石，需要历经数百万年的复杂地质作用才能形成。但浙江大学的李洪杰团队成员表示，蚂蚁无需高温环境，就能轻松、快速地合成白云石。 白云石由钙、镁、碳酸盐构成。柯里表示，人工实验室很难合成白云石，因为镁离子很难融入碳酸钙的结构中，会减缓晶体的形成速度，因此科学家需要借助高温、高压条件才能实现合成。该团队的下一阶段研究，将重点探究蚂蚁高效合成白云石的内在机制。 为应对全球变暖，科学家一直在探索新技术，将大气中的二氧化碳转化为碳酸盐矿物，实现碳的岩石化固化。柯里表示：“这是人类首次发现具备该类固碳能力的动物，它为人类的碳治理研究提供了极具价值的仿生模型。” ( 07 阅读理解 ) From eating healthily to going to the gym regularly, some adults are turning to sticker charts to help them stay on track with their goals. “The sticker chart is a nicer way of trying to motivate and discipline yourself,” says Gray, a housewife in Birmingham, England. Gray had a weight problem in September, 2024 and bought her first sticker chart shortly afterwards — since then, she has lost 142 pounds while simultaneously gaining muscle. “It sounds really silly to say that you will get a gold star every time you go to the gym but I don’t think I would’ve pushed myself as much without the stickers,” she said. “It changed my mindset from ‘Ugh, I’ve got to go to the gym’ to ‘I need to get my three stars this week!’” What is the working principle behind sticker charts? “Humans and animals work for rewards. That is their nature,” says Kou Murayama, the chief investigator at the University of Tübingen. “Hitting a goal itself serves as a reward for humans,” Murayama says, “even if it does not give you tangible rewards such as food or money.” According to “goal-setting theory”, put forward by the psychologists Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, goals that are specific, proximal (that is, shorter-term) and challenging can be especially motivating, says Murayama. “Sticker charts at least meet the first two criteria-perhaps the third one too,” he says. “Sticker charts could help people, but we can’t necessarily rely on gold stars forever or for everything,” warns Murayama. “One needs to find a more intrinsic source of enjoyment,” he says, arguing that it can help one stay motivated for longer. “If you decide to do exercise to reduce your weight, you may find that running itself is a joy as you know the benefits are waiting ahead,” he says. 1．What change has the sticker chart brought to Gray? A．Muscle gained through home training. B．Getting rid of all her weight problems. C．Realizing the nonsense of sticker charts. D．Improved physical health and a better mindset. 2．What can we infer from Murayama’s words in Paragraph 3? A．Proximal goals are more challenging. B．Humans are motivated by food or money. C．Achieving a goal itself can be rewarding. D．Sticker charts work via tangible rewards. 3．Which opinion would Murayama most likely support? A．Gold stars can help keep people productive. B．Losing weight is the best way to get pleasure. C．Sticker charts are useless for long-term goals. D．Inner passion often works better than external rewards. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Secret to Lasting Productivity B．The Motivating Power of Sticker Charts C．Different People’s Views on Sticker Charts D．Effective Ways to Develop Intrinsic Interest 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了一些成人借助贴纸奖励表激励自己实现生活目标，分析了其背后的心理学原理，并指出长期坚持目标还需要培养内在动力。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Gray had a weight problem in September, 2024 and bought her first sticker chart shortly afterwards — since then, she has lost 142 pounds while simultaneously gaining muscle.(格雷在2024年9月遇到了体重问题，不久之后她买了第一张贴纸表，从那以后，她减掉了142磅，同时还增肌了)”和“It changed my mindset from ‘Ugh, I’ve got to go to the gym’ to ‘I need to get my three stars this week!(它改变了我的心态，让我从‘啊，我得去健身房’变成了‘我这周要拿到三颗星！’)”可知，贴纸表不仅帮助格雷改善了身体健康，还改变了她的心态。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段““Hitting a goal itself serves as a reward for humans,” Murayama says, “even if it does not give you tangible rewards such as food or money.”(“实现目标本身对人类来说就是一种奖励，”村山说，“即使它没有给你食物或金钱这样实实在在的奖励。”)”可知，从村山的话中可以推出，实现目标本身就是一种奖励。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段““Sticker charts could help people, but we can’t necessarily rely on gold stars forever or for everything,” warns Murayama. “One needs to find a more intrinsic source of enjoyment,” he says, arguing that it can help one stay motivated for longer.(“贴纸表可以帮助人们，但我们不能永远或者在所有事情上都依赖金星奖励，”村山警告说。“人们需要找到更内在的愉悦来源，”他说，他认为内在愉悦可以帮助人们更长时间保持动力。)”可知，村山认为内在动力比外部奖励效果更好。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段“From eating healthily to going to the gym regularly, some adults are turning to sticker charts to help them stay on track with their goals.(从健康饮食到定期去健身房，一些成年人正在转向贴纸表来帮助他们实现目标。)”开篇介绍成人使用贴纸表帮助实现目标的现象，接着分析贴纸表激励人的心理学原理，最后补充说明长期目标需要结合内在动力，核心围绕贴纸打卡表的激励作用展开，B项“The Motivating Power of Sticker Charts(贴纸表的激励力量)”最适合作本文标题。 重难词汇: 1. motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/ v. 激励；激发 2. track /træk/ n. 轨道；进程 *短语：stay on track 步入正轨；坚持目标* 3. discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ v. 自律；约束；管教 n. 纪律 4. simultaneously /ˌsɪmlˈteɪniəsli/adv. 同时地 5. tangible /ˈtændʒəbl/adj. 实实在在的；有形的 6. intrinsic /ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk/adj. 内在的；本身固有的 长难句精析： 1. 原句：Gray had a weight problem in September, 2024 and bought her first sticker chart shortly afterwards — since then, she has lost 142 pounds while simultaneously gaining muscle. 翻译：格雷在 2024 年 9 月出现体重问题，之后不久就买了第一张贴纸表。从那以后，她减掉了 142 磅，同时还练出了肌肉。 分析：并列句。and 连接两个谓语 had… 与 bought…；破折号引出补充信息；while simultaneously gaining muscle是状语从句省略，完整为while she is simultaneously gaining muscle。 2. 原句：According to “goalsetting theory”, put forward by the psychologists Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, goals that are specific, proximal (that is, shorterterm) and challenging can be especially motivating. 翻译：根据心理学家埃德温・洛克与加里・莱瑟姆提出的 “目标设定理论”，具体的、短期的且有挑战性的目标会格外具有激励作用。 分析： put forward by…过去分词作后置定语修饰 theory；that are specific…challenging定语从句修饰先行词 goals；主句主干：goals can be especially motivating。 3. 原句：“Sticker charts could help people, but we can’t necessarily rely on gold stars forever or for everything,” warns Murayama. “One needs to find a more intrinsic source of enjoyment,” he says, arguing that it can help one stay motivated for longer. 翻译：村山警告说：“贴纸表可以帮到人们，但我们不能永远、事事都依赖金星贴纸。” 他表示，人要找到更发自内心的乐趣来源，这才能让人长久保持动力。 分析：arguing that…现在分词作伴随状语；that 引导宾语从句；stay motivated系表结构，motivated 为形容词 “有动力的”。 全文翻译： 从健康饮食到坚持健身，一些成年人开始使用贴纸记录表，帮助自己朝着目标稳步前进。 英国伯明翰的家庭主妇格雷说：“贴纸记录表是激励自我、约束自我的一种很好的方式。” 格雷在 2024 年 9 月遇到体重困扰，不久后便购入了自己第一张贴纸记录表。从那时起，她减掉了 142 磅体重，同时增长了肌肉。“每次去健身就得到一颗金星，听上去似乎很可笑，但如果没有这些贴纸，我认为自己不会这么努力。” 她说，“它改变了我的心态，从‘唉，我不得不去健身房’变成了‘这周我要集齐三颗星！’” 贴纸记录表背后的运作原理是什么？图宾根大学首席研究员村山耕介表示：“人和动物都会为获得奖励而行动，这是天性。”“达成目标这件事本身对人而言就是一种奖励，即便它不会带给你食物、金钱这类实实在在的回报。” 村山说。据心理学家埃德温・洛克和加里・莱瑟姆提出的 “目标设定理论”，明确、短期且具备挑战性的目标会带来极强的激励效果。他说：“贴纸记录表至少满足前两项标准，或许也满足第三项。” 村山提醒：“贴纸记录表可以给人帮助，但我们不能永远、事事都依靠金星贴纸。”“人们需要找到源于自身内在的乐趣，” 他说，这能使人更长久地维持积极性。“如果你为了减肥去运动，当你知道好处就在前方，你或许会发现跑步这件事本身就充满快乐。” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点04 跨学科融合阅读（生物+心理+政治） 1 英语+生物 人与自然：动物科学研究 黑猩猩也会经历更年期 2 英语+生物 人与自然：生物行为实验研究 蚊子可习得适应DEET驱虫剂气味 3 英语+心理 人与自我：生活科普 数字断舍离：摆脱手机沉迷 4 英语+政治 人与社会：知识产权/文化保护 路易威登与茉莉茶的商标诉讼背后的文化失语 5 英语+生物 人与自然：植物实验研究 植物能感知雨声、加速生根发芽 6 英语+生物 人与自然：生物特性 神奇固碳蚂蚁：为温室气体治理提供新思路 7 英语+心理 人与自我：社会心理 贴纸图表：成年人的目标激励小妙招 ( 0 1 英语+生物 ) In our human-centric view, the ability to shoot ink or change colors may seem odd, but you know what’s really odd? Menopause (更年期). You can count species other than humans known to experience and outlive menopause on one hand. Only orcas (虎鲸) and some whale populations have females that live long past their reproductive years to become grandmothers. But a new, landmark study confirms that at least one population of chimpanzees can now be added to the list. The discovery comes as the result of 21 years’ worth of observing the Ngogo community of wild chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Studying urine from 66 Ngogo females, aged 14 to 67, showed that their hormone levels changed after approaching 50, confirming they were in menopause. Interestingly, 50 is also the age when many people begin to experience menopause. “It’s really cool to finally have that piece of the puzzle come into place,” says Catherine Hobaiter, a primatologist who was not part of the new study. But Catherine points out that the Ngogo community lives in a chimp paradise: the resource-rich, well-protected Kibale National Park that also lacks leopards, their main predator. And because the Ngogo community is found in the heart of the park, its only neighbors are other chimps — not humans who can expose chimpanzees to viruses that have devastated other communities. “The Ngogo population may be an outlier (特殊群体) when it comes to the rest of the species,” she cautions. And there is a question concerning “the grandmother effect”, according to which a grandmother has a decidedly beneficial effect on her children and grandchildren. Chimpanzees do not form long-term pair-bonds and females leave in search of new communities when they reach maturity, which means grandmother chimpanzees likely don’t know who their grandchildren are in the same way humans or even orcas do. What they do after menopause remains a question of interest. “And that’s all future work to be done,” said Catherine. 1．What can be learned about menopause? A．It is rare among animals. B．It is unique to human beings. C．It is limited to the age of 50. D．It is linked to living environments. 2．What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Scientists have solved the menopause puzzle. B．Ngogo females’ condition remains a mystery. C．Chimpanzee menopause is still in question. D．The finding offers new insight into animal menopause. 3．Why does Catherine mention the living situation of the Ngogo community? A．To argue the finding is groundless. B．To point out a possible study limitation. C．To prove the Ngogo chimps are ideal subjects. D．To stress the need to protect chimps from viruses. 4．How is the last paragraph developed? A．By drawing a firm conclusion. B．By listing several research examples. C．By comparing different animal behaviors. D．By analyzing a concept with supporting facts. ( 02 英语+生物 ) Yellow fever mosquitoes exposed the insect repellent (驱虫剂) DEET can learn to associate the off-putting chemical with food, researchers report. The finding suggests that mosquitoes can link unpleasant smells with rewards — turning a negative experience into a positive one. Clément Vinauger, a neuroethologist at Virginia Tech, and his colleagues housed mosquitoes in a central container connected to two bottles: One contained clean air, and the other contained DEET. The team allowed the mosquitoes to feed on blood from an artificial feeder while exposed to only clean air for 10 seconds. The researchers then increased the proportion of DEET, aiming to train the mosquitoes to associate the repellent with a meal. To test the association, the researchers put trained and untrained mosquitoes in narrow tubes. A team member held an untreated hand a few centimeters from one end of the tube and a hand treated with a DEET-containing repellent at the other end. Trained mosquitoes attempted to bite the repellent-treated hand, while untrained mosquitoes stayed clear. Anandasankar Ray, a neuroscientist, who was not involved in the work, notes that although the findings suggest mosquitoes are smelling DEET and that the chemical is not masking our scent (气味), mosquitoes also smell with their legs. The mosquitoes couldn’t land on the repellent-treated hand in the experiments. “They’d be getting the smell of DEET being paired with a bitter touch contact,” Ray says. “It would be a punishment for them rather than a reward.” Vinauger suspects that mosquitoes could learn to associate DEET with a meal when its repellent effects have largely worn off, perhaps hours after people apply it to their skin. “There might still be some traces of DEET on the skin, but maybe not enough to create that repellency effect,” Vinauger says. “Mosquitoes might still land, drink some blood and not be repelled.” If they manage to get blood, the insects may learn to link the smell with the meal and begin hunting for a combination of human smell and DEET. The results certainly don’t suggest that people shouldn’t use DEET, Vinauger says. “It’s still the gold standard in terms of protection.” But the chemical is sold by different brands at varying concentrations, and each product may come with unique instructions. “Reading the label,” he says, “is important.” 1．How did the researchers train the mosquitoes to associate DEET with a meal? A．By placing a treated hand next to a feeder. B．By removing their ability to smell. C．By extending pre-feeding DEET exposure. D．By increasing DEET during blood feeding. 2．According to Ray, what is the punishment for the mosquitoes? A．Painful touch with DEET. B．Death from starvation. C．Reduced desire for blood. D．Decreased sense of smell. 3．What does Vinauger suggest people do? A．Apply the repellent more than it is recommended. B．Choose products with low DEET concentration. C．Follow the products’ instructions accordingly. D．Stop using DEET immediately. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why does DEET still work? B．Why is DEET the best choice? C．Can DEET attract mosquitoes? D．Can mosquitoes survive DEET? ( 03 阅读理解 ) Has this ever happened to you? You pick up your phone to check one thing, and one hour later, you’re still scrolling (滚屏) through social media, having completely forgotten what you originally intended to do. 1 A digital detox — a planned and mindful break from digital technology — might be just what you need. 2 If you feel anxious when your phone is out of reach, or if your real-life activities have decreased because you spend too much time online, it’s probably time for a change. Poor sleep caused by late-night scrolling is another warning sign. Putting down phones brings many benefits. Constant social media use often fills our minds with unfair comparisons and feelings of not being good enough, which can cause anxiety and depression. Stepping away from screens breaks this unhealthy cycle. 3 It also helps you maintain a better work-life balance and prevents burnout. Research has even shown that reducing screen time can improve sleep quality. So how can you successfully carry out a digital detox? Experts suggest that extreme plans, such as spending an entire week offline, are rarely effective. 4 Simple actions like turning off unnecessary notifications, setting daily time limits on apps, or keeping your phone in another room while you sleep can make a difference. Creating tech-free zones in your home is another effective strategy. 5 For example, keeping phones out of the bedroom can improve your sleep, and leaving them off the dining table encourages more meaningful conversations with family members. These small changes, though seemingly simple, can help you reconnect with what truly matters in life. A．It reduces stress and feelings of loneliness. B．But how can you tell if you actually need a digital detox? C．These areas help you focus more on real-life interactions. D．This constant connection to the digital world comes at a cost. E．However, creating such areas takes too much time and effort. F．Many people find it difficult to start a digital detox on their own. G．Instead, making small changes to your daily routine works better. ( 04 英语+政治 ) The trademark lawsuit between Louis Vuitton and Molly Tea looks like a simple commercial conflict, yet it exposes our deep trouble of collective cultural aphasia (失语) and the loss of discourse power over traditional Chinese patterns. Though the court’s ruling follows the law, many Chinese people feel upset. It’s said that the four-petal floral pattern LV uses to protect its trademark may have come from Tang-dynasty treasure flower patterns and ancient persimmon calyx patterns, which have been Chinese public cultural treasures for thousands of years. However, they now become exclusive commercial symbols owned by an overseas brand. Many netizens publicly consider it a “reverse exploitation”, which results from our long-time ignorance of traditional patterns. For centuries, treasure flowers, cloud patterns and Hui patterns decorate ancient paintings, porcelain and buildings, carrying Chinese beauty and good wishes. However, we have seldom systematically registered or protected them with IP (intellectual property) rights. Foreign brands have long absorbed inspiration from Chinese ancient patterns, made small changes and completed global trademark registrations. On the contrary, domestic brands use our ancestors’ patterns casually without awareness of property rights. They only realize these cultural symbols have been occupied by foreign capital when lawsuits arrive. This is typical cultural aphasia: we admire the beauty of ancient patterns, but fail to guard their legal rights; we love national trend aesthetics (美学), but lack a complete system to protect traditional culture. Collective cultural aphasia may not merely allow foreign brands to privatize those symbols, but also block the development of domestic Chinese-style industries. If local brands face huge fines every time they use native ancient patterns, it will be hard to pass down traditional beauty. For a long time, we only enjoy the artistic heritage left by our ancestors passively, instead of actively registering patterns, building digital databases and perfecting relevant laws. As a result, precious cultural resources may fall into the hands of foreign businesses. Joint efforts are essential to fix this problem. The government should build a public pattern database and clarify usage rules. Enterprises need to value traditional cultural IP and create original Chinese-style works. With enhanced cultural confidence, we can safeguard our unique cultural symbols and let Eastern aesthetics develop sustainably. 1．What does the underlined phrase “reverse exploitation” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Domestic brands use foreign classic patterns. B．Chinese firms recover cultural symbols via lawsuits. C．Courts fine foreign brands for copying local designs. D．Foreign brands profit from Chinese cultural resources. 2．Why do domestic brands easily get into trademark trouble? A．They simply copy foreign brands. B．They lack IP protection awareness. C．They fail to build digital databases. D．They refuse to follow the new laws. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．Foreign brands seize our traditional patterns. B．Heritage is not appreciated or well-protected. C．Cultural silence leads to multiple harmful outcomes. D．High fines stop China passing down traditional beauty. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Value of Traditional Floral Patterns B．Ways to Register Traditional Chinese Patterns C．Cultural Aphasia Reflected in the Pattern Lawsuit D．Closure of the Conflict Between LV and Molly Tea ( 05 英语+生物 ) （2027·湖南邵阳·一模）For humans, the sound of rain is often calming, but for plants, it works like an alarm clock. When raindrops hit the ground or water, the vibrations below the surface are much stronger than those above. New research suggests that plants have learned to use this signal to their advantage. A study in Scientific Reports shows that rice seeds sprout (发芽) faster when they are exposed to the sound of rain. The researchers say this is the first direct evidence that plants can sense and respond to sound. They believe seeds from other plants may behave the same way. Nicholas Makris, the lead researcher from MIT, calls this effect “unusual and odd.” He says such a discovery could only be made by scientists working across various disciplines — acoustics and plant biology. For years, scientists have wondered how much plants can sense in the world around them. Some studies suggest plants might even “see” or “think,” but few have shown a direct link between a specific event and the plant’s immediate reaction. This new study focuses on the connection between sound and sprouting. In plants, cellular structures called statoliths are responsible for external sensing. Shifting at the bottom of these structures is starch (淀粉), which helps plants to detect changes in their position and tell seeds in which direction to grow their roots. The researchers theorized that rain sounds underwater could shake these statoliths enough to speed up sprouting in rice seeds. The scientists exposed about 8,000 rice seeds in water — their preferred growing condition — to rain sounds. Another group of seeds was kept in quiet conditions, with everything else the same. The results were striking: the seeds that “heard” rain sprouted 30 to 40 percent faster than seeds that were kept in quiet but otherwise similar conditions. Heidi Appel, a biologist not involved in the study, says this is an important step forward. She praises it as the first work to carefully measure how raindrops’ vibrations affect seeds in a realistic way. The researchers hope their finding will encourage other scientists to explore how plants respond to natural sounds like wind or insect noises. This study not only deepens our knowledge of plants but also opens new doors for understanding how they interact with their environment. 1．What does the Scientific Reports study confirm? A．Most plant seeds are sensitive to rainfall. B．Rain sounds can speed rice seeds’ sprouting. C．Plants send out signals to sense raindrops. D．Rice seeds favour vibrations below the surface. 2．What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．The research on plants’ hearing has a long history. B．That plants can “see” or “think” has been well proved. C．The discovery requires joint efforts from different fields. D．Scientists have denied plants’ immediate reaction to events. 3．Which statement is true about statoliths and the experiment? A．Statoliths are produced when seeds hear raindrops. B．The experiment discovered plants sprouted faster in quiet conditions. C．Statoliths are responsible for internal sensing. D．The experiment has revealed amazing findings. 4．It can be expected that follow-up studies will ________. A．cover more varieties of natural sounds for plant-response tests B．deepen research into how rainfall affects the growth of various plants C．clarify how statoliths sense external changes inside plant cells D．focus on increasing the seeds’ sprouting speed through sound stimulation ( 06 阅读理解 ) An ant species has evolved a remarkable solution to the danger of excess carbon dioxide inside their nests, which may hold clues to how humans can store greenhouse gases to prevent climate disaster. Fungus-farming (种植真菌) ants collect vegetation to feed cultivated fungi grown inside their colonies. In turn, the fungi serve as their primary food source. The high density of ants and fungi can result in high concentrations of CO₂ inside the nests. In 2020, Cameron Currie at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his colleagues found that Acromyrmex echinatior ants incorporate a carbonate biomineral into their armour (外壳). The ants do this through a symbiotic (共生的) relationship with Pseudonocardia bacteria, which transform CO₂ into rock using chemical processes that aren’t yet properly understood. Now, the team has discovered that another fungus-farming ant, Sericomymex amabilis, which is found in Central and South America, can do the same thing without symbiotic bacteria, becoming the first known animal to have evolved this ability. Remarkably, the mineral they make is dolomite. Dolomite rocks, such as those in Italy’s Dolomite mountains, normally take millions of years and complex geological processes to form. Yet the ants do this quickly and effortlessly, without high temperatures, says team member Hongjie Li at Zhejiang University in China. Dolomite consists of calcium, magnesium and carbonate. Forming it in the lab is difficult because magnesium doesn’t easily fit into the calcium carbonate structure, which slows down crystal formation, says Currie. To try to overcome this, he says, scientists use high temperatures and pressures. The next phase of the team’s research will try to find out how ants are able to accomplish this. In an effort to counteract global warming, scientists are exploring techniques for converting atmospheric CO2 into carbonate minerals, essentially turning carbon into stone. “These ants are the first animal shown to be engaging in such a process, offering exciting potential as a model for human efforts,” says Currie. 1．What can we learn about the fungus-farming ants’ nest? A．It stays open to outside air. B．It contains a high level of CO₂. C．It is too unstable for ants to survive. D．It provides little room for fungal growth. 2．What makes Sericomymex amabilis different from Acromyrmex echinatior in mineral formation? A．A wider geographic range. B．Involvement of a new fungus. C．A fully understood mechanism. D．Independence from bacterial help. 3．Which word best describes dolomite formation in nature? A．Simple. B．Risky. C．Time-consuming. D．Pressure-dependent. 4．How is the text mainly organized? A．Problem → solutions → outcome. B．Claim → counterclaim → resolution. C．Definition → classification → summary. D．Discovery → explanation → implications. ( 07 阅读理解 ) From eating healthily to going to the gym regularly, some adults are turning to sticker charts to help them stay on track with their goals. “The sticker chart is a nicer way of trying to motivate and discipline yourself,” says Gray, a housewife in Birmingham, England. Gray had a weight problem in September, 2024 and bought her first sticker chart shortly afterwards — since then, she has lost 142 pounds while simultaneously gaining muscle. “It sounds really silly to say that you will get a gold star every time you go to the gym but I don’t think I would’ve pushed myself as much without the stickers,” she said. “It changed my mindset from ‘Ugh, I’ve got to go to the gym’ to ‘I need to get my three stars this week!’” What is the working principle behind sticker charts? “Humans and animals work for rewards. That is their nature,” says Kou Murayama, the chief investigator at the University of Tübingen. “Hitting a goal itself serves as a reward for humans,” Murayama says, “even if it does not give you tangible rewards such as food or money.” According to “goal-setting theory”, put forward by the psychologists Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, goals that are specific, proximal (that is, shorter-term) and challenging can be especially motivating, says Murayama. “Sticker charts at least meet the first two criteria-perhaps the third one too,” he says. “Sticker charts could help people, but we can’t necessarily rely on gold stars forever or for everything,” warns Murayama. “One needs to find a more intrinsic source of enjoyment,” he says, arguing that it can help one stay motivated for longer. “If you decide to do exercise to reduce your weight, you may find that running itself is a joy as you know the benefits are waiting ahead,” he says. 1．What change has the sticker chart brought to Gray? A．Muscle gained through home training. B．Getting rid of all her weight problems. C．Realizing the nonsense of sticker charts. D．Improved physical health and a better mindset. 2．What can we infer from Murayama’s words in Paragraph 3? A．Proximal goals are more challenging. B．Humans are motivated by food or money. C．Achieving a goal itself can be rewarding. D．Sticker charts work via tangible rewards. 3．Which opinion would Murayama most likely support? A．Gold stars can help keep people productive. B．Losing weight is the best way to get pleasure. C．Sticker charts are useless for long-term goals. D．Inner passion often works better than external rewards. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Secret to Lasting Productivity B．The Motivating Power of Sticker Charts C．Different People’s Views on Sticker Charts D．Effective Ways to Develop Intrinsic Interest 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $