2026-2027学年高一英语语法讲义：定语从句翻译专项

定语从句翻译专项 写定语从句的方法（精简规则）“找、判、确、合” 1. 找先行词：确定主句中你要修饰的那个名词或代词（人、物、时间、地点、原因）。 2. 选引导词： · 看先行词： · 人：考虑 who, whom, that, whose · 物/事：考虑 which, that, whose · 时间：考虑 when · 地点：考虑 where · 原因：考虑 why · 看成分： · 从句缺主语：用 who/which/that (不能省略) · 从句缺宾语：用 whom/who/which/that (可以省略) · 从句缺定语（表示“...的”）：用 whose · 从句缺时间/地点/原因状语：用 when/where/why 3. 查标点：判断是限制性（无逗号）还是非限制性（有逗号）。非限制性定语从句不能用that。 一、简单题（1-10） 1. 翻译：我喜欢昨天买的那本书。 2. 翻译：这就是帮助过我的那个人。 3. 翻译：我依然记得我们初次见面的那一天。 4. 翻译：她住在一条安静的街上，街上种满了树。 5. 翻译：正在打电话的那个女孩是我的妹妹。 6. 翻译：你读过他写的那篇文章吗？ 7. 翻译：这是我父母曾经工作过的工厂。 8. 翻译：我不喜欢那个总是迟到的人。 9. 翻译：我知道一个地方，那里你可以找到这种花。 10. 翻译：丢失的钥匙已经找到了。 二、适中题（11-20） 1. 翻译：这就是我跟你提过的那位画家，他的作品最近正在博物馆展出。 2. 翻译：我们上周参观的博物馆，其建筑本身就是一个杰作。 3. 翻译：他未能通过考试的原因是他没有努力学习。 4. 翻译：我有很多朋友，其中一些来自国外。 5. 翻译：这就是那个房间，我们在里面发现了那些旧信件。 6. 翻译：她是我最钦佩的人，她的决心从未动摇过。 7. 翻译：我们生活在信息可以自由获取的时代。 8. 翻译：那个项目，我们为之投入了数月时间，最终获得了成功。 9. 翻译：他去了上海，在那里他找到了一份理想的工作。 10. 翻译：正在和经理谈话的那位女士是名记者，她想采访我们。 三、稍难题（21-30） 1. 翻译：这家公司的发展速度，比我们预想的要快得多，已跻身行业领先者之列。 2. 翻译：她将全部的精力都投入到了这个研究项目中，其最终结果可能带来重大突破。 3. 翻译：他提出了一个我们所有人都无法反对的、极具说服力的论点。 4. 翻译：他们最终到达了山顶，从那里望去，整个山谷的景色令人叹为观止。 5. 翻译：这是一种新型材料，其强度堪比钢铁，但重量却轻得多。 6. 翻译：那位教授，我几年前曾在其指导下学习，刚刚获得了一项国际大奖。 7. 翻译：我们正面临着一些复杂的挑战，其中许多挑战的解决方案尚未可知。 8. 翻译：合同中的几个条款，我们对此存在严重分歧，需要重新谈判。 9. 翻译：这个古老的传统，其起源已淹没在历史的长河中，至今仍被村民们严格遵守着。 10. 翻译：这个理论建立在几个尚未被完全证实的假设之上，因此遭到了不少科学家的质疑。 四、答案与详解 简单题答案： 1. I like the book that/which I bought yesterday. (关系代词指物，作宾语，可省略) 2. This is the man who/that helped me. (关系代词指人，作主语) 3. I still remember the day (when/on which) we first met. (关系副词指时间，可用when或介词+which，作状语) 4. She lives on a quiet street, which is lined with trees. / She lives on a quiet street that/which is lined with trees. (关系代词指物，作主语。第一句为非限制性定语从句，用逗号隔开) 5. The girl who/that is making a phone call is my sister. (关系代词指人，作主语) 6. Have you read the article (that/which) he wrote? (关系代词指物，作宾语，可省略) 7. This is the factory where/in which my parents once worked. (关系副词指地点，作状语) 8. I don’t like people who/that are always late. (关系代词指人，作主语) 9. I know a place where you can find this kind of flower. (关系副词指地点，作状语) 10. The key that/which was lost has been found. (关系代词指物，作主语) 适中题答案： 1. This is the painter whom/who/that I told you about, whose works are on exhibition in the museum recently. (第一个从句：关系代词指人，作介词about的宾语，可用whom/who/that，可省略；第二个从句：whose表示所属关系，“他的”) 2. The museum that/which we visited last week, whose architecture is a masterpiece itself. (第一个从句：关系代词指物，作宾语；第二个从句：whose表示所属关系，“它的”) 3. The reason why/for which he failed the exam was that he didn’t study hard. (关系副词指原因，作状语) 4. I have many friends, some of whom are from foreign countries. (“介词+关系代词whom”，指人，表示整体中的一部分) 5. This is the room in which/where we found those old letters. (“介词+关系代词which” 或 where 表示地点状语) 6. She is the person whom/who/that I admire most, whose determination never wavers. (第一个从句：关系代词指人，作宾语；第二个从句：whose表示所属关系，“她的”) 7. We live in an age in which/when information is freely available. (“介词+关系代词which” 或 when 表示时间状语) 8. The project, to which we had devoted months, turned out to be a success. (“介词+关系代词which”，devote to为固定搭配) 9. He went to Shanghai, where he found an ideal job. (非限制性定语从句，where作地点状语) 10. The lady who/that is talking with the manager is a journalist, who wants to interview us. (第一个从句：关系代词指人，作主语；第二个从句：非限制性定语从句，补充说明) 稍难题答案： 1. The company, whose growth rate is much faster than we expected, has become an industry leader. (whose表示所属关系，“它的”，非限制性定语从句插入主句中间) 2. She devoted all her energy to the research project, the final result of which might lead to a major breakthrough. (“名词/代词+介词+关系代词which”，which指代project，相当于whose final result) 3. He presented a convincing argument against which none of us could argue. (“介词+关系代词which”，argue against为固定搭配，介词提前使句式更正式) 4. They finally reached the mountain top, from which the view of the whole valley was breathtaking. (“介词+关系副词where”，where=on/at which，这里from where强调“从那个地方”) 5. This is a new type of material whose strength is comparable to steel’s but which is much lighter. (第一个从句：whose表示所属关系，“它的”；第二个从句：which指代material，构成并列的定语从句) 6. The professor, under whose guidance I studied several years ago, has just won an international award. (“介词+关系代词whose+名词”，under whose guidance=under the guidance of whom) 7. We are facing some complex challenges, many of which have no known solutions yet. (“代词+介词+关系代词which”，指整体中的许多部分) 8. Several clauses in the contract, about which we have serious disagreements, need to be renegotiated. (“介词+关系代词which”，非限制性定语从句插入主句中间) 9. The ancient tradition, the origins of which are lost in history, is still strictly observed by the villagers. (“名词+介词+关系代词which”，which指代tradition，相当于whose origins) 10. The theory is based on several assumptions that/which have not been fully verified, which is why many scientists question it. (第一个从句：关系代词指物，作主语；第二个从句：非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句内容) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $