主谓一致 讲义 -2026-2027学年英语初高中衔接语法复习专项

主谓一致 【要点读记】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。 一、语法一致原则 语法一致，即谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。主语采用单数形式时，谓语动词也要采用单数形式；主语采用复数形式时，谓语动词也要采用复数形式。 1. 当and连接两个或多个名词表示不同的人或物，或both...and连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Lily and Lucy share the same bedroom. Both my father and my mother enjoy watching movies. 2. 由some, any, no, every等构成的复合不定代词，如nobody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 Nobody knows the answer to this difficult question. Something is wrong with my new watch. 3.由each, every, one of...（each... and each...）等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every student in our class has a dictionary. One of my cousins who works in a big hospital was given a flower. 4. 主语后接有with, along with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, rather than, including, in addition to, besides, like, except, but等词或短语连接两个成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。 The teacher as well as all students is going to visit the museum. My sister together with her classmates takes part in the English club. 5. “a number of+名词复数” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of birds fly south in winter every year. The number of students in Grade One is over 400. 6. “an amount of/ a quantity of 和 amounts of/ quantities+名词” 做主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于amount/ quantity的单复数。 A quantity of wood is used for heating every winter. Large quantities of vegetables are sent to the city every morning. 7. “a lot of (lots of, plenty of, most of, a pile of, piles of, the rest of, the majority of, part of ) +名词”或“分数或百分数十名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于短语中后面名词的数，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词为单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Most of the water has been drunk up. Three fifths of the workers are young people. 8. 某些只有复数形式的名词( trousers, shorts, shoes, gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 Your new gloves match your coat very well. The shorts were bought last summer vacation. 9. 由“a pair(a kind, a series)+of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；由“pairs( kinds)+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 A pair of sunglasses lies on the desk. Two pairs of chopsticks are needed for dinner. 10. “more than one/ many a+可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。  More than one student has finished the homework ahead of time. Many a volunteer takes part in community activities. 11. 动词不定式和动名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数有以下情况： ①单个的动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading English every morning improves your pronunciation. To keep a regular schedule helps you study better. ②但是由两个动词不定式并列做主语时，谓语动词的单复数要分为两种情况：两个动词不定式表达两件不同的事，则谓语用复数形式；两个动词不定式指代同一件事（and连接但整体为单一概念），则谓语用单数形式。 To listen carefully and to take notes are important skills. Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit. 12.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 There stands a tall tree in front of the classroom. Under the tree sit several little children. 13.在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 “one of＋复数名词”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词通常用复数，但one前有the，the only, the very, the right或just the等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 The girl who speaks Japanese is my classmate. I dislike the books that talk about boring stories. ① one of +复数名词，从句谓语复数 She is one of the students who like English novels. ② the only one of +复数名词，从句谓语单数 She is the only one of the students who likes English novels. 14. 主语从句做主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式比较复杂，主要情况分为三种： ①单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。 That we should keep exercising is important for health. Whether we will go hiking depends on tomorrow’s weather. ②两个主语从句并列做主语时，分两种情况： 两个从句表达两件不同的事 → 谓语用复数； 两个从句指代同一件事（and连接但整体为单一概念）→ 谓语用单数 What you say and what you do are totally different. When and where we hold the party hasn’t been decided yet. ③what引导的主语从句后面的谓语有一些特殊情况，偶尔可以根据表语的单复数灵活变化： What she needs is a quiet room.（表语单数a room → is） What he bought yesterday are two cartoon magazines.（表语复数magazines → are） 二、 意义一致原则 逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。 1. 由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果指同一概念（即and后面无冠词），则谓语动词用单数形式。 The singer and dancer is going to perform on stage tonight. The scientist and professor gives us a speech every term. 2. 表示金钱、价格、时间、长度、距离、重量等的复数名词、名词词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。 Ten thousand yuan is enough for this trip. Two kilometers seems quite short for young runners. 3. 集体名词（如family，team，crowd，class，group等）如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调集体中的每个成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。 The class is made up of 45 students. The class are discussing the coming plan actively. （注意：people, police, cattle等集体名词做主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。） People are watching the game excitedly. The police are searching for the missing boy. 4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，通常被视为一个整体，谓语动词一般用单数形式。而 “half+名词”做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于half后面的名词。 One and a half hours is needed to finish the task. Half of the milk has gone bad. Half of the students are from nearby towns. 5.若英语是书名、片名、格言、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 The Three Little Pigs is a famous fairy tale. Times is a well-known weekly magazine. 6.一些学科名词是以–ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 Politics plays an important role in modern society. Mathematics requires careful thinking and calculation. 7.算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty plus thirty is fifty. Nine multiplied by six equals fifty-four. 8.“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 The rich should help the poor in society. The wounded were sent to hospital at once. 9. what, who, which, any, more, all等代词作主语时谓语动词可以是单数形式，也可以是复数形式，主要靠意思来决定。 Which is your new pencil box?/ Which are your new notebooks? All is ready for the coming party./ All have finished their homework on time. 3、 就近原则 在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. 由either…or…, neither...nor..., not only…but also…，not…but…或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。 Neither you nor your brother is allowed to go out alone at night. Either Lucy or her classmates are going to clean the classroom today. 2. There be…和Here be… 两种句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。 There is a pen and two books on the desk. Here are some flowers and a letter for you. 【要点专练】 1. I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. A.am B.is C.are D.be 2. The rich ____ not always happy. A.are B.is C.has D.have 3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students. A.are B.am C.is D.was 4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China. A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study 5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home. A.am B.is C.are D.be 6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters., A.are;are B.am;am C.am;are D.is;is 7. Every boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party. A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like 8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants. A.was B.is C. would be D.are 9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world. A.is B.are C.has D.have 10. Every means ____ tried but without any result. A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been 11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule. A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished 12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon. A.is B.was C.are D.is being 13. The great writer and professor____. A. is an old man B. are both old men C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese 14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. A.are B.is C.has D.have 15. A large number of students in our class____ girls. A. are B. was C. is D. be 16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are. A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed 17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English. A. is B. are C. was D. were 18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published. A. has been B.have been C.was D.is 19. A chemical works____ built there. A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been 20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years. A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five 21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world. A.is B.are C.was D.were 22.He is the only one of the students who ____ elected. A. are B.have C.has D.is 23.This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked. A.have B.has C. have been D.has been 24.Many a man ____ come to help us. A.have B.has C.is D.are 25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said. A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are 26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching 27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed. A.is;ill B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them 28.This pair of trousers ____ too long for him. A.is B.be C.are D.were 29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table. A.is B.are C.has D.have 30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four. A.is B.are C.get D.equal 31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seems 32.____of the money____ run out. A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have 33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively. A. are listening to B. is listening to C.are listening D. is listening 34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult. A.is B.are C.was D.were 35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building. A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are 36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation. A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need 37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all. A. is B.was C.are D.all 38.What we need____ good textbooks. A.is B.are C.have D.has 39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing. A.have something to at B. has something to do with C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with 40. More than one member ____ against the plan. A. is B.are C.has D.have 41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. A. has not decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. have not decided 42. Half of the fruit ____ bad. A. are B. has C. is D. have 43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is 44. Mathematics ____ the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 45. My family ____ small. A. is B. were C. are D. makes 46. The following ____ some other examples. A. are B. is C. was D. were 47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active. A. is B. will be C. was D. are 48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country. A. is B. are C. was D. has 49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit. A. are B. is C. were D. was 50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training. A. was B. is C. are D. were 参考答案 1~5 AAACA 6~10 CBDAD 11~15 ACABA 16~20 AABDB 21~25 ADCBC 26~30 BCAAA 31~35 ACAAB 36~40 CABBA 41~45 BCCCA 46~50 ADBBC 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $