高中英语单元测试——Unit 1 Life Choices（较难版01）

高中英语单元测试——Unit 1 Life Choices（较难版01）（原卷版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）Who is Dave? A．The man’s brother. B．The man’s classmate. C．A friend of the man’s brother. 2．（本题1.5分）​​​​​​​Where did the man get the information? A．From the local government. B．On the Internet. C．On TV. 3．（本题1.5分）How does the man want the woman to help him? A．By lending him some money. B．By finding something online. C．By lending him her credit card. 4．（本题1.5分）What will the speakers do this Saturday? A．Visit a museum. B．Clean the riverbank. C．Plant trees. 5．（本题1.5分）What does the woman respect John for? A．His patience. B．His strictness. C．His creativity. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)What day is it today? A．Friday. B．Tuesday. C．Monday. 7．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Husband and wife. B．Customer and receptionist. C．Chef and assistant. （本题3分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What are the speakers doing? A．Talking about a band. B．Looking at a picture. C．Enjoying a performance. 9．(1.5分)How old is the woman? A．20 years old. B．22 years old. C．24 years old. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 10．(1.5分)What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Where to live in the future. B．Why to live in the countryside. C．What life in a big city is like. 11．(1.5分)Where are the speakers now? A．In London. B．In New York. C．In the countryside. 12．(1.5分)What will the woman be likely to do later? A．Move around. B．Live in one place. C．Stay in London. （本题6分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 13．(1.5分)What should be considered when choosing the place? A．The cost. B．The size. C．The convenience. 14．(1.5分)How much do the tickets cost in total? A．$200. B．$210. C．$290. 15．(1.5分)What is the woman like? A．Thoughtful. B．Hesitant. C．Confident. 16．(1.5分)Why can the needs of the students with poor eyesight be ignored? A．Staff members can help them. B．No such student would go there. C．The museum is fully equipped for them. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，完成下面小题。 17．(1.5分)What is basically the most important to an argumentative essay? A．To raise questions at first. B．To describe something in detail. C．To convince readers of something. 18．(1.5分)What makes a good argument according to the speaker? A．Its clear logic. B．Its new stories. C．Its interesting topic. 19．(1.5分)How are Western essays different from Chinese? A．In length. B．In topic. C．In structure. 20．(1.5分)What would an American teacher expect in the first paragraph of an essay? A．Different viewpoints. B．The supporting details. C．The writer’s argument. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Covering over 1,600 square kilometers of England’s most valued lowland landscapes in the busiest part of the UK, the South Downs National Park has been shaped by the activities of its farmers, foresters, charities and local businesses. Find out about some events happening across the park. Benfield Hill City Nature Challenge If you would like to be part of the global City Nature Challenge which brings together cities and organizations around the world to share observations of nature, welcome to our own initiative to be held on Saturday on Benfield Hill Local Nature Reserve. Welcome anyone, whatever their level of experience, in supporting us on a fun day of learning and identifying valuable biodiversity. Green Sketching Workshop Discover how you can use the process of drawing to look at and notice nature, and as a tool for slowing down and bringing calm to our busy lives. This is not a how-to-draw workshop, but a how-to-see workshop! This focuses on the process of drawing rather than the finished result, which means that everyone, regardless of previous drawing experience, can benefit from the joy of Green Sketching. Longmoor Through the Ages Discover more about this vast land and how humans have shaped the landscape around the site. Bring your binoculars  (双筒望远镜) as the site is also part of the Wealden Heaths Phase Ⅱ Special Protection Area and home to some rare birds, and reptiles and other rare species of international importance. Dawn Chorus Walk Get up with the birds. You won’t regret setting your alarm as we enjoy the magic of some of our springtime songbirds. Shortheath Common sits at the northern extremity of the South Downs National Park and is regarded as a Special Area of Conservation due to the unique ecological landscape. 21．(2.5分)What is the purpose of Benfield Hill City Nature Challenge? A．To help people learn about important wildlife. B．To educate people on the history of the reserve. C．To invite people to share experiences in holding events. D．To encourage people to start environmental organizations. 22．(2.5分)Which event most attracts people interested in drawing nature? A．Benfield Hill City Nature Challenge. B．Green Sketching Workshop. C．Longmoor Through the Ages. D．Dawn Chorus Walk. 23．(2.5分)What can people do at Longmoor Through the Ages? A．Rent binoculars cheaply. B．See painting exhibitions. C．Listen to farmers singing. D．Watch some rare animals. （本题10分）I was born in a small town in Pakistan called Quetta in 1980. When I was a little boy of about ten years old, I developed an interest in calligraphy. Back then we only had a TV channel with limited programs. One of the programs was about learning calligraphy. I was engaged and spent several years learning different calligraphy scripts (笔迹) in the Urdu language. After graduation, I came to Dubai, UAE. Falling in love with the architecture and high-rise buildings, I wanted to shoot the amazing beauty from different angles. So I bought a camera and learned photography, joined photography groups and attended workshops. However, after a few years, I got bored of photographing landscapes and cityscapes. Seven years ago, while going through the photography blogs and looking through others’ works, I read the term called “light painting”, a photography technique that allows you to draw in space. I started experimenting with that and soon it hit me: why not bring back my passion for calligraphy using light painting technique? Since that day, I’ve been drawing light calligraphy. To achieve the best results, I decided to build the lights myself. The best part about my work is that they are not beautified digitally. I prefer getting the results directly from the camera. I don’t even turn over the images. To achieve that, I have to write in reverse (倒置) and that took a lot of practice to get it right. Currently, I’m working on the idea of bringing abandoned places back to life, including buildings which have lost their charm and are hidden in darkness. Through my photography, I try to employ light calligraphy by writing a word that attaches a deep meaning to those places and telling stories behind them. In this way, I hope people will revisit these places and appreciate the real reason for their construction. 24．(2.5分)What can be inferred from the author’s experience in Quetta? A．He put great effort into learning calligraphy. B．He grew bored with limited media programs. C．He was masterfully trained by TV experts. D．He created various scripts for the local TV shows. 25．(2.5分)What made the author interested in taking pictures in Dubai? A．The stories hidden in old buildings. B．The works of famous photographers. C．The visual appeal of city architecture. D．The unique landscape of the desert town. 26．(2.5分)How did the author achieve his best results in light calligraphy? A．By learning from others. B．By sticking to the original. C．By drawing in open space. D．By beautifying his photos. 27．(2.5分)What is the author’s role in practising his current idea? A．A traveler recording his personal journey. B．A photographer protecting dark areas. C．A researcher exploring building history. D．An artist giving life to forgotten places. （本题10分）Social conflicts, from policy debates to family disagreements, can easily develop into angry words and personal attacks. Such heated conflicts, however, seldom settle disagreements and can lead to worse results. A better approach to dealing with interpersonal disagreements is to apply features of wisdom, like humility (谦虚), diverse viewpoints and open-mindedness. But applying these elements of wisdom can be difficult, especially during conflicts. The trick, according to research published in the journal Psychological Science, is to train yourself in advance to reason about interpersonal conflicts in a wiser manner. “People typically fail to reason wisely when facing social conflicts so we designed a way to help them,” said Igor Grossmann, director of the Wisdom and Culture Lab at the University of Waterloo, Canada. “Our basic idea is to train people to see situations from a more objective, third-person angle (角度). This approach enables people to recognize the limitations of their knowledge and the different ways the conflict may lead to, and consider and balance different viewpoints.” According to the researchers, by changing the angle from the first person to the third person, a person is able to get a better understanding of his or her own knowledge and enjoy different views. To test their assumption (假设), the researchers conducted two field experiments. Grossmann said, “Our research showed the effectiveness of the third- person diary writing for a change in wisdom compared to the first-person diary reflection, and indicated that the third- person self-reflection led to gradual change in wise reasoning about personally challenging interactions.” The data suggest that this increase in wise reasoning happened because the third-person self-reflection broadened people’s typically narrow self-focus. This research provides the evidence for training wise reasoning in daily life when people are dealing with challenging interactions. 28．(2.5分)Why is it significant to settle the social conflicts? A．Conflicts may lead to failure. B．Conflicts can result in a worse situation. C．Conflicts can avoid one’s self-reflection. D．Conflicts can push people to think differently. 29．(2.5分)What can help to reduce the conflicts according to the author? A．Self-awareness. B．Agreed standard. C．Broad viewpoints. D．Firm determination. 30．(2.5分)What can we learn from Grossmann’s findings? A．Social conflicts can increase people’s reasoning ability. B．First-person reflection improves the problem-solving skills. C．Self-focus is helpful in dealing with interpersonal disagreements. D．Third-person diary reflection can increase the ability to solve conflicts. 31．(2.5分)What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Reflection Matters in Decreasing Disagreements B．Social Conflicts Do Great Harm to Interpersonal Relationships C．The Wisdom of Problem-solving Lies in Challenges D．Training in Wise Reasoning Helps to Cope with Social Conflicts （本题10分）During World War II, the US military faced a question: where should they add armor (盔甲) to their bombers to protect them from enemy fire? One approach was to examine the planes that returned from missions and strengthen the areas that showed the most bullet (子弹) holes. The conclusion seemed obvious: add armor to these locations. But Abraham Wald, an American mathematician, saw a serious drawback in this logic. He pointed out that the military was only looking at the planes that made it back. The truly important data was missing: the planes that were shot down. The absence of bullet holes on the engines of the returning planes wasn’t because they weren’t being hit there. It was because planes hit in those spots didn’t survive. This is what is called survivorship bias (幸存者偏差). Abraham Wald’s insight changed how the military approached its analysis. He demanded them to stop focusing on the survivors and instead consider the non-survivors. By hardening the areas that were undamaged on the returning planes (the engines), they were truly protecting the key parts. Wald’s work is believed to have saved hundreds of lives and remains an example for understanding this bias. In fact, survivorship bias is deeply rooted in daily life. News outlets, books, and social media feeds are filled with tales of success, making them readily available in our minds and leading us to overvalue the popularity of success. As social creatures, we often look to others to determine how to act. When we see a crowd of people celebrating a “survivor” — be it a successful CEO or a winning investment strategy — we feel a traction to follow along. To avoid this bias, we should learn to look for the “silent data” of failures. This data is often where the most valuable lessons are buried. Meanwhile, we must check how data is selected and whether it presents a complete picture. Only by seeing both winners and losers can we understand reality clearly and make wise decisions. 32．(2.5分)How does the author introduce the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By examining logic. C．By recording history. D．By quoting an expert. 33．(2.5分)What condition may survivorship bias lead to? A．The updates are hidden. B．The database is masked. C．The judgement is clouded. D．The successes are ignored. 34．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “traction” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Pull. B．Change. C．Surprise. D．Goal. 35．(2.5分)What is suggested to avoid survivorship bias? A．Trusting survivors. B．Celebrating the failures. C．Accepting the reality. D．Analyzing complete data. （本题12.5分）Many people enjoy spending their vacations swimming, lying in the sun and staying at luxurious hotels. 36(2.5分) They head for the country, to one of the numerous United States national parks, and take advantage of the fresh air and many outdoor activities that nature has to offer. “I’m a successful lawyer from San Francisco,” says Gavin Murphy. “ 37(2.5分) I usually go to Yosemite National Park, where I sleep in a tent, hike, and enjoy the peace and quiet.” 38(2.5分) They can go fishing in a cold stream, hiking on a winding nature trail, or biking along scenic paths. At certain times of the year, guided nature walks and interesting lectures on a variety of topics are offered to park guests. Camping out does have its disadvantages, however. 39(2.5分) Even after the weather clears up, there’s still lots of mud to deal with. The weather can be quite cold at night, and there are always many mosquitoes (蚊子). Park rangers (护林员) recommend that visitors watch out for snakes, whose bites can be poisonous. They stress the fact that it is necessary that food be kept packed away, so that an unexpected bear doesn’t pay an unwelcome visit to some surprised guests. 40(2.5分) “It might be nice to sit by a swimming pool and sip (小口抿) a drink,” says Tanya Rodriguez, a nature lover, “but nature is really so beautiful, and I’ve met such interesting people here. Nothing compares to a vacation like this!” A．If it rains, there is not much to do. B．Camping is not really my cup of tea. C．But every once in a while I like to get back to nature. D．Some of the visitors have no experience of being in the country. E．Yet, nature lovers continue to visit national parks year after year. F．But there are countless others who prefer a different kind of holiday. G．Visitors to national parks have a wide variety of activities to choose from. 三、完形填空 （本题15分）When Tanya Eby was in the sixth grade, her world changed in a way she never expected. Her friends told her that they would 41 her and that she wasn’t part of the group anymore. “I was 42 ,” Eby said. “I had no idea what happened or why they turned on me.” At the same time, her life was falling apart. A few days earlier, her parents had made a decision that would 43 her life. Eby’s older brother, who had always been her 44 , was sent to live with their dad. The next morning, Eby woke up to find her brother 45 . Soon after, her stepdad left as well. So, when her friends at school decided they wouldn’t hang out with her anymore, it felt like just another 46 . “Everyone I loved disappeared,” Eby said. “They didn’t tell me why and I couldn’t 47 it.” That day, Eby 48 in tears at school. Her teacher, Mrs. Welch, took her to the teachers’ office to find out what was wrong. Eby poured out her 49 to her teacher, who listened 50 and hugged her. “That hug made me feel like I wasn’t 51 ,” Eby said. “It gave me hope that I would be OK.” Years later, when Eby became a teacher, she remembered Mrs. Welch’s 52 . It helped her understand her students’ 53 and be more caring. “Sometimes, small acts can make a 54 ,” Eby said. “That hug affected me deeply, and I’ll never 55 it.” 41．(1分)A．greet B．meet C．call D．ignore 42．(1分)A．safe B．calm C．shocked D．excited 43．(1分)A．record B．shake C．cheat D．protect 44．(1分)A．support B．enemy C．contact D．teacher 45．(1分)A．hiding B．awake C．gone D．funny 46．(1分)A．loss B．plan C．treat D．secret 47．(1分)A．cover B．stress C．respect D．control 48．(1分)A．checked out B．broke down C．dropped out D．settled down 49．(1分)A．promise B．talent C．money D．pain 50．(1分)A．quietly B．proudly C．simply D．angrily 51．(1分)A．alone B．asleep C．picky D．thankful 52．(1分)A．courage B．praise C．kindness D．memory 53．(1分)A．promises B．dreams C．excuses D．struggles 54．(1分)A．system B．difference C．choice D．joke 55．(1分)A．repeat B．forget C．refuse D．face 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 56(1.5分) the energy crisis in the 1970s, Dutch researchers began to pay close attention to the country’s energy usage. In one suburb near Amsterdam, they found that some homeowners used 30 percent less energy than their neighbors, 57(1.5分) the homes were of similar size and getting electricity for the same price. 58(1.5分) researchers found out was that the houses were nearly identical (相同的) except for one feature: the location of the electrical meter. Some had one in the basement, 59(1.5分) others had the electrical meter (电能表) upstairs in the main hallway. 60(1.5分) you may guess, the homes with the meters located in the main hallway used less electricity. When their energy use was obvious and easy to track, people’s 61(1.5分) (involve) in monitoring it increased and people changed their behavior. Every habit is initiated by a cue (暗示), and we are more likely to notice the very cues 62(1.5分) stand out. Unfortunately, the environments where we live and work often make it easy not to do certain actions 63(1.5分) there is no obvious cue to trigger (引发) the behavior. When the cues that spark a habit are subtle or 64(1.5分) (hide), they are easy to ignore. Eventually, I took my own advice and redesigned my environment. I bought a large display bowl and placed it in the middle of the kitchen counter. The next time I bought apples, that was 65(1.5分) they went. Almost like magic, I began eating a few apples each day simply because they were obvious, facilitating the formation of a healthy eating habit rather than keeping them out of sight. 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，今天上课时不小心弄坏了你同桌的笔。请你给你的同桌Chris写一封邮件，表达你的歉意，内容包括： (1)道歉并说明情况； (2)给出补救方案。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右，可以有适当细节的增添； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I already hated dealing with Victor’s parents for their lack of cooperation and disconnected phone numbers. He was the youngest in a family that contained many children with behavior problems. I’d had a couple of his siblings (兄弟姐妹) in previous years and dreaded having this child in my class. I taught first grade in a low-budget charter school that was quickly becoming known in our town for accepting unruly students, often those who’d been kicked out of another school for behavior problems. But Victor was not like his siblings. It was clear from the first day that he wanted to read books, not throw them. He didn’t yell. He didn’t break crayons on purpose. In fact, he paid attention, practiced reading when he was done with other subjects, and attended my after-school tutoring group. Instead of dreading Victor, I looked forward to having him in class each day. And now that he was reading well, our next job together was writing. Unfortunately, Victor’s siblings were still having behavior problems in school. His parents grew tired of the consequences brought about by their children and the regular phone calls from school administrators. One day, when I was home sick with the flu, Victor’s mother came to school to get all of her children, and she didn’t bring them back. Not even Victor. I was heartbroken. I felt guilty that he, who was unable to write at grade level, would go to a new teacher. We didn’t have enough time. And I didn’t even get to say goodbye. As the school year came to a close, I was doing playground duty on a hot, dusty afternoon. Students and teachers alike were sweaty and tired. A woman walked up to our playground fence and said, “Are you Mrs. M?” “Yes,” I said. “Do I know you?” “No, but you were Victor’s teacher earlier this year, right? I work at Lake View School with Mrs. Kaye. She’s Victor’s teacher now, and she wants you to have this.” 注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The woman handed me an envelope. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Deeply touched by Victor’s words in the letter, I decided to write him back. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 1 Life Choices（较难版01）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）Who is Dave? A．The man’s brother. B．The man’s classmate. C．A friend of the man’s brother. 【答案】C 【原文】W: Well, Dave is nice. Can you tell me how you know him? M: He went to the same university as my brother, and they became really close. I don’t know him that well, but he seems like a good person. 2．（本题1.5分）​​​​​​​Where did the man get the information? A．From the local government. B．On the Internet. C．On TV. 【答案】B 【原文】M: An online article says that the local agriculture has developed rapidly in the last decade. W: That’s true according to the statistics on TV. The output of crops such as grain has greatly increased. And hunger is not a pressing problem any longer. 3．（本题1.5分）How does the man want the woman to help him? A．By lending him some money. B．By finding something online. C．By lending him her credit card. 【答案】C 【原文】M: Do you think I could borrow your credit card? I want to buy a shirt online. W: That’s fine. Here’s my card. 4．（本题1.5分）What will the speakers do this Saturday? A．Visit a museum. B．Clean the riverbank. C．Plant trees. 【答案】B 【原文】M: Our class plans to visit the science museum this Saturday. W: But I heard the riverbank is full of litter. Why not help clean it first? M: That’s more meaningful. Let’s protect our environment together. 5．（本题1.5分）What does the woman respect John for? A．His patience. B．His strictness. C．His creativity. 【答案】A 【原文】W: I admire how calmly you handled that challenging situation with the student today, John. M: Thanks. I believe kindness and understanding are more useful than strictness, particularly with children who’ve made mistakes. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)What day is it today? A．Friday. B．Tuesday. C．Monday. 7．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Husband and wife. B．Customer and receptionist. C．Chef and assistant. 【答案】6．C 7．B 【原文】W: Hello. We’ve booked a table under my husband’s name, Robert Jones. M: OK. Let me check ... Yes, I see the reservation. It was made last Friday, but it’s for tomorrow. W: Yes, the reservation is for Tuesday, but we want to change it to tonight. M: I’m really sorry, but it seems that we don’t have any table available now. W: I understand. We don’t mind waiting for a while. M: Well, it’s 7 p.m. now and we might have a table at 8 p.m. W: Great! Please add us to the waiting list. （本题3分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What are the speakers doing? A．Talking about a band. B．Looking at a picture. C．Enjoying a performance. 9．(1.5分)How old is the woman? A．20 years old. B．22 years old. C．24 years old. 【答案】8．B 9．C 【原文】M: Who is this girl in this picture? W: Oh, it’s my friend Jenny. She’s really kind hearted but she is shy. M: Really. She looks very outgoing. You know, she was smiling so happily in the picture. W: Yeah, a sweet smile. M: She’s really beautiful. How old is she? W: Well, she’s two years younger than me, so she’s 22. M: Oh, so is she your best friend? W: No, we’re friends because her boyfriend and my brother are in the same band. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 10．(1.5分)What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Where to live in the future. B．Why to live in the countryside. C．What life in a big city is like. 11．(1.5分)Where are the speakers now? A．In London. B．In New York. C．In the countryside. 12．(1.5分)What will the woman be likely to do later? A．Move around. B．Live in one place. C．Stay in London. 【答案】10．A 11．C 12．B 【原文】W: Mike, so we live in the countryside, and we go to school up on a mountain. Could you see yourself living here? M: Well. I do really like living in the country, but I don’t think I could stay here for a long period of time. W: Where do you want to live? M: Well, I’ve never lived in a big city, so I think that I would like to try to live in a big city, like New York or London. I’ve always seen them on TV and I’ve always wanted to try to live in those places. W: What attracts you to those cities? M: I guess just the diversity that you might find or just the fact that so many things are going on in the city. What about you? W: I couldn’t live here very long. I grew up in two really big cities and I’ve moved around a lot. So in the future, I think I just want to stay in one place. （本题6分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 13．(1.5分)What should be considered when choosing the place? A．The cost. B．The size. C．The convenience. 14．(1.5分)How much do the tickets cost in total? A．$200. B．$210. C．$290. 15．(1.5分)What is the woman like? A．Thoughtful. B．Hesitant. C．Confident. 16．(1.5分)Why can the needs of the students with poor eyesight be ignored? A．Staff members can help them. B．No such student would go there. C．The museum is fully equipped for them. 【答案】13．C 14．B 15．A 16．B 【原文】W: I need your advice about planning the school trip for our students. It’s important to make it enjoyable for everyone. M: What are the key things you’re considering? W: Well, some students use wheelchairs, so the place must be completely accessible. We also need quiet areas for anyone who struggles with loud environments. M: That makes sense. Have you chosen a location yet? W: I think so. There’s a local science museum which is quite suitable. It provides entry and a guided tour for just 10 dollars per child. M: That sounds fair, how many students are going? W: 20 students? And we also need two staff members for support. The staff ticket costs half the price of the student ticket. M: And transport. W: A bus costs 90 dollars for the day and that isn’t cheap. I need to talk with the driver again. M: It sounds like you’ve got things covered. The kids will love it. Have you considered the needs of the students with eyesight problems? W: Yes, but there aren’t any children who can’t see well going on this trip. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，完成下面小题。 17．(1.5分)What is basically the most important to an argumentative essay? A．To raise questions at first. B．To describe something in detail. C．To convince readers of something. 18．(1.5分)What makes a good argument according to the speaker? A．Its clear logic. B．Its new stories. C．Its interesting topic. 19．(1.5分)How are Western essays different from Chinese? A．In length. B．In topic. C．In structure. 20．(1.5分)What would an American teacher expect in the first paragraph of an essay? A．Different viewpoints. B．The supporting details. C．The writer’s argument. 【答案】17．C 18．A 19．C 20．C 【原文】    M: The argumentative essay is a very interesting type of essay. The point of an argumentative essay is basically to make an argument. You are not telling the reader about something new or describing anything. Instead, you have to convince them about something. A good argument must be clear and logical. Indeed, many Chinese students find it difficult to write good essays in schools and universities in America. It is not because there is no history of essays in China. Rather, there’s a very long history of essays. But they have their own unique features. Primarily, Chinese students are used to the kind of essays that put the writer’s argument at the end. The first several parts introduce the topic or different views. These lead to a turn which introduces conflict and different aspects. Finally, these are concluded. In America, most teachers like essays that state the conclusion of the argument in the first paragraph. While some people might regard many Chinese students’ essays as badly written, it is important to remember that they are actually written very well according to Chinese style. Therefore, it is essential to point out early how the western style is different. Once the Chinese students know about the differences, they can easily adapt their writing to the correct cultural context. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Covering over 1,600 square kilometers of England’s most valued lowland landscapes in the busiest part of the UK, the South Downs National Park has been shaped by the activities of its farmers, foresters, charities and local businesses. Find out about some events happening across the park. Benfield Hill City Nature Challenge If you would like to be part of the global City Nature Challenge which brings together cities and organizations around the world to share observations of nature, welcome to our own initiative to be held on Saturday on Benfield Hill Local Nature Reserve. Welcome anyone, whatever their level of experience, in supporting us on a fun day of learning and identifying valuable biodiversity. Green Sketching Workshop Discover how you can use the process of drawing to look at and notice nature, and as a tool for slowing down and bringing calm to our busy lives. This is not a how-to-draw workshop, but a how-to-see workshop! This focuses on the process of drawing rather than the finished result, which means that everyone, regardless of previous drawing experience, can benefit from the joy of Green Sketching. Longmoor Through the Ages Discover more about this vast land and how humans have shaped the landscape around the site. Bring your binoculars  (双筒望远镜) as the site is also part of the Wealden Heaths Phase Ⅱ Special Protection Area and home to some rare birds, and reptiles and other rare species of international importance. Dawn Chorus Walk Get up with the birds. You won’t regret setting your alarm as we enjoy the magic of some of our springtime songbirds. Shortheath Common sits at the northern extremity of the South Downs National Park and is regarded as a Special Area of Conservation due to the unique ecological landscape. 21．(2.5分)What is the purpose of Benfield Hill City Nature Challenge? A．To help people learn about important wildlife. B．To educate people on the history of the reserve. C．To invite people to share experiences in holding events. D．To encourage people to start environmental organizations. 22．(2.5分)Which event most attracts people interested in drawing nature? A．Benfield Hill City Nature Challenge. B．Green Sketching Workshop. C．Longmoor Through the Ages. D．Dawn Chorus Walk. 23．(2.5分)What can people do at Longmoor Through the Ages? A．Rent binoculars cheaply. B．See painting exhibitions. C．Listen to farmers singing. D．Watch some rare animals. 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了南唐斯国家公园举办的几项活动，包括活动的内容、目的以及适合人群等信息。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据“Benfield Hill City Nature Challenge”部分中的“Welcome anyone, whatever their level of experience, in supporting us on a fun day of learning and identifying valuable biodiversity. (欢迎任何人，无论他们的经验水平如何，在这个有趣的日子里支持我们学习和识别有价值的生物多样性。)”可知，Benfield Hill城市自然挑战赛的目的是帮助人们了解重要的野生动物。 22．细节理解题。根据“Green Sketching Workshop”部分中的“Discover how you can use the process of drawing to look at and notice nature, and as a tool for slowing down and bringing calm to our busy lives. (探索如何利用绘画的过程来观察和感知自然，并将其作为放慢脚步、让忙碌的生活平静下来的工具。)”以及“This focuses on the process of drawing rather than the finished result, which means that everyone, regardless of previous drawing experience, can benefit from the joy of Green Sketching. (这侧重于绘画的过程而不是最终结果，这意味着每个人，无论之前的绘画经验如何，都可以从绿色素描的乐趣中受益。)”可知，绿色素描工作坊最吸引对自然绘画感兴趣的人。 23．细节理解题。根据“Longmoor Through the Ages”部分中的“Bring your binoculars  (双筒望远镜) as the site is also part of the Wealden Heaths Phase Ⅱ Special Protection Area and home to some rare birds, and reptiles and other rare species of international importance. (带上你的双筒望远镜，因为该地点也是Wealden Heaths第二阶段特别保护区的组成部分，是一些稀有鸟类、爬行动物和其他具有国际重要性的稀有物种的家园。)”可知，在Longmoor Through the Ages活动中，人们可以观察一些珍稀动物。故选D项。 （本题10分）I was born in a small town in Pakistan called Quetta in 1980. When I was a little boy of about ten years old, I developed an interest in calligraphy. Back then we only had a TV channel with limited programs. One of the programs was about learning calligraphy. I was engaged and spent several years learning different calligraphy scripts (笔迹) in the Urdu language. After graduation, I came to Dubai, UAE. Falling in love with the architecture and high-rise buildings, I wanted to shoot the amazing beauty from different angles. So I bought a camera and learned photography, joined photography groups and attended workshops. However, after a few years, I got bored of photographing landscapes and cityscapes. Seven years ago, while going through the photography blogs and looking through others’ works, I read the term called “light painting”, a photography technique that allows you to draw in space. I started experimenting with that and soon it hit me: why not bring back my passion for calligraphy using light painting technique? Since that day, I’ve been drawing light calligraphy. To achieve the best results, I decided to build the lights myself. The best part about my work is that they are not beautified digitally. I prefer getting the results directly from the camera. I don’t even turn over the images. To achieve that, I have to write in reverse (倒置) and that took a lot of practice to get it right. Currently, I’m working on the idea of bringing abandoned places back to life, including buildings which have lost their charm and are hidden in darkness. Through my photography, I try to employ light calligraphy by writing a word that attaches a deep meaning to those places and telling stories behind them. In this way, I hope people will revisit these places and appreciate the real reason for their construction. 24．(2.5分)What can be inferred from the author’s experience in Quetta? A．He put great effort into learning calligraphy. B．He grew bored with limited media programs. C．He was masterfully trained by TV experts. D．He created various scripts for the local TV shows. 25．(2.5分)What made the author interested in taking pictures in Dubai? A．The stories hidden in old buildings. B．The works of famous photographers. C．The visual appeal of city architecture. D．The unique landscape of the desert town. 26．(2.5分)How did the author achieve his best results in light calligraphy? A．By learning from others. B．By sticking to the original. C．By drawing in open space. D．By beautifying his photos. 27．(2.5分)What is the author’s role in practising his current idea? A．A traveler recording his personal journey. B．A photographer protecting dark areas. C．A researcher exploring building history. D．An artist giving life to forgotten places. 【答案】24．A 25．C 26．B 27．D 【导语】本文讲述了作者从学习书法到运用光绘摄影技术创作，最终通过光绘文字为废弃建筑赋予新生命的故事，展现了他用艺术为遗忘之地带来希望的热情。 【详解】24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“ I was engaged and spent several years learning different calligraphy scripts (笔迹) in the Urdu language.(我全神贯注，花了数年时间学习乌尔都语的不同书法字体)”可知，作者在童年时期对书法投入了极大的热情和努力。选项A“He put great effort into learning calligraphy.(他在学习书法上付出了巨大的努力)”符合题意。 25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Falling in love with the architecture and high-rise buildings, I wanted to shoot the amazing beauty from different angles. (爱上了这里的建筑和摩天大楼，我想从不同的角度拍摄它们惊人的美)”可知，正是迪拜城市建筑的视觉吸引力让作者对摄影产生了兴趣。选项C“The visual appeal of city architecture.(城市建筑的视觉吸引力)”与原文符合题意。 26．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The best part about my work is that they are not beautified digitally. I prefer getting the results directly from the camera.(我作品最棒的部分在于它们没有经过数字美化。我更喜欢直接从相机获取结果)”可知，作者追求原汁原味的拍摄效果，不进行后期的数字修饰。选项B“By sticking to the original.(通过坚持原版/原貌)”符合题意。 27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Currently, I’m working on the idea of bringing abandoned places back to life, including buildings which have lost their charm and are hidden in darkness. Through my photography, I try to employ light calligraphy by writing a word that attaches a deep meaning to those places and telling stories behind them.(目前，我正致力于让废弃之地焕发生机，包括那些失去魅力、隐没于黑暗中的建筑。通过我的摄影作品，我尝试运用光绘书法，书写能为这些地方赋予深刻意义的文字，并讲述它们背后的故事。)”可知，作者现在的角色是通过艺术创作（光绘书法）赋予被遗忘的废弃建筑新的生命力。选项D“An artist giving life to forgotten places.(一个赋予被遗忘之地生命的艺术家)”符合作者当前的身份和追求。 （本题10分）Social conflicts, from policy debates to family disagreements, can easily develop into angry words and personal attacks. Such heated conflicts, however, seldom settle disagreements and can lead to worse results. A better approach to dealing with interpersonal disagreements is to apply features of wisdom, like humility (谦虚), diverse viewpoints and open-mindedness. But applying these elements of wisdom can be difficult, especially during conflicts. The trick, according to research published in the journal Psychological Science, is to train yourself in advance to reason about interpersonal conflicts in a wiser manner. “People typically fail to reason wisely when facing social conflicts so we designed a way to help them,” said Igor Grossmann, director of the Wisdom and Culture Lab at the University of Waterloo, Canada. “Our basic idea is to train people to see situations from a more objective, third-person angle (角度). This approach enables people to recognize the limitations of their knowledge and the different ways the conflict may lead to, and consider and balance different viewpoints.” According to the researchers, by changing the angle from the first person to the third person, a person is able to get a better understanding of his or her own knowledge and enjoy different views. To test their assumption (假设), the researchers conducted two field experiments. Grossmann said, “Our research showed the effectiveness of the third- person diary writing for a change in wisdom compared to the first-person diary reflection, and indicated that the third- person self-reflection led to gradual change in wise reasoning about personally challenging interactions.” The data suggest that this increase in wise reasoning happened because the third-person self-reflection broadened people’s typically narrow self-focus. This research provides the evidence for training wise reasoning in daily life when people are dealing with challenging interactions. 28．(2.5分)Why is it significant to settle the social conflicts? A．Conflicts may lead to failure. B．Conflicts can result in a worse situation. C．Conflicts can avoid one’s self-reflection. D．Conflicts can push people to think differently. 29．(2.5分)What can help to reduce the conflicts according to the author? A．Self-awareness. B．Agreed standard. C．Broad viewpoints. D．Firm determination. 30．(2.5分)What can we learn from Grossmann’s findings? A．Social conflicts can increase people’s reasoning ability. B．First-person reflection improves the problem-solving skills. C．Self-focus is helpful in dealing with interpersonal disagreements. D．Third-person diary reflection can increase the ability to solve conflicts. 31．(2.5分)What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Reflection Matters in Decreasing Disagreements B．Social Conflicts Do Great Harm to Interpersonal Relationships C．The Wisdom of Problem-solving Lies in Challenges D．Training in Wise Reasoning Helps to Cope with Social Conflicts 【答案】28．B 29．C 30．D 31．D 【导语】主要介绍社交冲突易引发不良后果，研究表明以第三人称视角反思能培养理智思维、化解矛盾。 【详解】28．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Such heated conflicts, however, seldom settle disagreements and can lead to worse results.(然而这类激烈的冲突几乎无法解决分歧，还会引发更糟糕的后果。)”可知，激烈的社会冲突会让局势变得更加糟糕。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A better approach to dealing with interpersonal disagreements is to apply features of wisdom, like humility (谦虚), diverse viewpoints and open-mindedness. (处理人际分歧更好的办法是运用智慧，比如保持谦虚、拥有多元视角和豁达心态。)”可知，拥有广泛多元的视角有助于化解冲突。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Grossmann said, “Our research showed the effectiveness of the third- person diary writing for a change in wisdom compared to the first-person diary reflection, and indicated that the third- person self-reflection led to gradual change in wise reasoning about personally challenging interactions.”(格罗斯曼表示：“我们的研究表明，相较于第一人称日记反思，第三人称日记写作在提升智慧方面效果更佳，同时也证实，以第三人称进行自我反思，能让人在面对人际难题时，其理性思辨能力逐步得到改善。”)”可知，第三人称日记反思可以提升人们化解冲突的能力。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“The trick, according to research published in the journal Psychological Science, is to train yourself in advance to reason about interpersonal conflicts in a wiser manner.(发表在《心理科学》期刊上的研究指出，应对冲突的诀窍是提前训练自己，用更理智的方式看待人际矛盾。)”可知，文章主要围绕训练理智思考能力有助于应对社交冲突展开论述，所以“Training in Wise Reasoning Helps to Cope with Social Conflicts(智慧思辨训练有助于应对社交冲突)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。 （本题10分）During World War II, the US military faced a question: where should they add armor (盔甲) to their bombers to protect them from enemy fire? One approach was to examine the planes that returned from missions and strengthen the areas that showed the most bullet (子弹) holes. The conclusion seemed obvious: add armor to these locations. But Abraham Wald, an American mathematician, saw a serious drawback in this logic. He pointed out that the military was only looking at the planes that made it back. The truly important data was missing: the planes that were shot down. The absence of bullet holes on the engines of the returning planes wasn’t because they weren’t being hit there. It was because planes hit in those spots didn’t survive. This is what is called survivorship bias (幸存者偏差). Abraham Wald’s insight changed how the military approached its analysis. He demanded them to stop focusing on the survivors and instead consider the non-survivors. By hardening the areas that were undamaged on the returning planes (the engines), they were truly protecting the key parts. Wald’s work is believed to have saved hundreds of lives and remains an example for understanding this bias. In fact, survivorship bias is deeply rooted in daily life. News outlets, books, and social media feeds are filled with tales of success, making them readily available in our minds and leading us to overvalue the popularity of success. As social creatures, we often look to others to determine how to act. When we see a crowd of people celebrating a “survivor” — be it a successful CEO or a winning investment strategy — we feel a traction to follow along. To avoid this bias, we should learn to look for the “silent data” of failures. This data is often where the most valuable lessons are buried. Meanwhile, we must check how data is selected and whether it presents a complete picture. Only by seeing both winners and losers can we understand reality clearly and make wise decisions. 32．(2.5分)How does the author introduce the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By examining logic. C．By recording history. D．By quoting an expert. 33．(2.5分)What condition may survivorship bias lead to? A．The updates are hidden. B．The database is masked. C．The judgement is clouded. D．The successes are ignored. 34．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “traction” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Pull. B．Change. C．Surprise. D．Goal. 35．(2.5分)What is suggested to avoid survivorship bias? A．Trusting survivors. B．Celebrating the failures. C．Accepting the reality. D．Analyzing complete data. 【答案】32．A 33．C 34．A 35．D 【导语】本文主要介绍的是幸存者偏差这一概念，通过二战时期的真实案例引入，解释了其定义、在日常生活中的体现，并最后给出了避免该偏差的建议。 【详解】32．推理判断题。根据第一段“During World War II, the US military faced a question: where should they add armor (盔甲) to their bombers to protect them from enemy fire? (二战期间，美军面临一个问题：他们应该在轰炸机的哪些部位加装装甲以保护自己免受敌人火力攻击？)”可知，作者通过讲述二战期间美军为轰炸机加装装甲的故事来引入话题。 33．推理判断题。根据第四段“News outlets, books, and social media feeds are filled with tales of success, making them readily available in our minds and leading us to overvalue the popularity of success. (新闻媒体、书籍和社交媒体充斥着成功故事，让我们轻易就能想到这些成功故事，并导致我们高估成功的普遍性)”可知，幸存者偏差会导致我们的判断被蒙蔽。 34．词句猜测题。根据第四段“As social creatures, we often look to others to determine how to act. When we see a crowd of people celebrating a “survivor” — be it a successful CEO or a winning investment strategy — we feel a traction to follow along. (作为社会性生物，我们常常参照他人来决定自己的行为。当我们看到一群人庆祝一位“幸存者”——无论是一位成功的CEO还是一个获胜的投资策略——时，我们会感到一种跟随的traction)”可知，当我们看到大家都这样做的时候，我们也会不自觉的想去这样做，即感觉到一种想跟随的牵引力，traction意为“牵引力、拉力”，与“Pull”意思相同。 35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“To avoid this bias, we should learn to look for the “silent data” of failures. This data is often where the most valuable lessons are buried. Meanwhile, we must check how data is selected and whether it presents a complete picture. (为避免这种偏见，我们应该学会寻找失败的“沉默数据”。这些数据往往埋藏着最有价值的教训。同时，我们必须检查数据是如何被选择的，以及它是否呈现了完整的画面)”可知，避免幸存者偏差需要分析完整的数据。 （本题12.5分）Many people enjoy spending their vacations swimming, lying in the sun and staying at luxurious hotels. 36(2.5分) They head for the country, to one of the numerous United States national parks, and take advantage of the fresh air and many outdoor activities that nature has to offer. “I’m a successful lawyer from San Francisco,” says Gavin Murphy. “ 37(2.5分) I usually go to Yosemite National Park, where I sleep in a tent, hike, and enjoy the peace and quiet.” 38(2.5分) They can go fishing in a cold stream, hiking on a winding nature trail, or biking along scenic paths. At certain times of the year, guided nature walks and interesting lectures on a variety of topics are offered to park guests. Camping out does have its disadvantages, however. 39(2.5分) Even after the weather clears up, there’s still lots of mud to deal with. The weather can be quite cold at night, and there are always many mosquitoes (蚊子). Park rangers (护林员) recommend that visitors watch out for snakes, whose bites can be poisonous. They stress the fact that it is necessary that food be kept packed away, so that an unexpected bear doesn’t pay an unwelcome visit to some surprised guests. 40(2.5分) “It might be nice to sit by a swimming pool and sip (小口抿) a drink,” says Tanya Rodriguez, a nature lover, “but nature is really so beautiful, and I’ve met such interesting people here. Nothing compares to a vacation like this!” A．If it rains, there is not much to do. B．Camping is not really my cup of tea. C．But every once in a while I like to get back to nature. D．Some of the visitors have no experience of being in the country. E．Yet, nature lovers continue to visit national parks year after year. F．But there are countless others who prefer a different kind of holiday. G．Visitors to national parks have a wide variety of activities to choose from. 【答案】36．F 37．C 38．G 39．A 40．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲野外活动的益处和注意事项。 36．由上文“Many people enjoy spending their vacations swimming, lying in the sun and staying at luxurious hotels.(许多人喜欢在假期里游泳、晒太阳和住在豪华酒店。)”可知，这里讲一些人对假期的选择。F项But there are countless others who prefer a different kind of holiday.(但还有无数其他人更喜欢不同类型的假期)符合语境，其中but与上文形成转折，且本句也有启下作用。故选F项。 37．由下文“I usually go to Yosemite National Park, where I sleep in a tent, hike, and enjoy the peace and quiet.(我通常去Yosemite国家公园，在那里我睡在帐篷里，徒步旅行，享受宁静。)”可知，这里讲Gavin Murphy喜欢去大自然中旅行，C项But every once in a while I like to get back to nature.(但每隔一段时间我就喜欢回到大自然。)符合语境，其中get back to nature有启下作用。故选C项。 38．由下文“They can go fishing in a cold stream, hiking on a winding nature trail, or biking along scenic paths. At certain times of the year, guided nature walks and interesting lectures on a variety of topics are offered to park guests.(他们可以在寒冷的溪流中钓鱼，在蜿蜒的自然步道上徒步旅行，或者沿着风景优美的小路骑自行车。在一年中的某些时候，公园会为游客提供有导游的自然漫步和各种主题的有趣讲座。)”可知，这里主要讲户外游客可以参加很多活动。G项Visitors to national parks have a wide variety of activities to choose from.(国家公园的游客有各种各样的活动可供选择。)符合语境，其中a wide variety of activities和后文活动内容对应，有启下作用。故选G项。 39．由下文“Even after the weather clears up, there’s still lots of mud to deal with. The weather can be quite cold at night, and there are always many mosquitoes (蚊子).(即使天气转晴，仍有很多泥要处理。晚上的天气可能很冷，而且总是有很多蚊子。)”可知，这里主要讲雨后露营的缺点。A项If it rains, there is not much to do.(如果下雨，就没什么可做的了。)符合语境，其中rains和后文lots of mud对应，有启下作用。故选A项。 40．由上文“Park rangers (护林员) recommend that visitors watch out for snakes, whose bites can be poisonous. They stress the fact that it is necessary that food be kept packed away, so that an unexpected bear doesn’t pay an unwelcome visit to some surprised guests. (公园管理员建议游客注意蛇，因为蛇的叮咬可能有毒。他们强调，有必要把食物收起来，这样一只意想不到的熊就不会对一些惊讶的客人进行不受欢迎的访问。)”和下文““It might be nice to sit by a swimming pool and sip (小口抿) a drink,” says Tanya Rodriguez, a nature lover, “but nature is really so beautiful, and I’ve met such interesting people here. Nothing compares to a vacation like this!”(“坐在泳池边喝一杯可能很好，”热爱大自然的Tanya Rodriguez说，“但大自然真的很美，我在这里遇到了很多有趣的人。没有什么能比得上这样的假期!”)”可知，虽然在公园露营有危险，但游客们还是不断来这里，因为他们在大自然中体会到了有趣事、遇到了有趣的人，E项Yet, nature lovers continue to visit national parks year after year.(然而，自然爱好者年复一年地继续参观国家公园。)符合语境，其中Yet让前后文形成转折关系。故选E项。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）When Tanya Eby was in the sixth grade, her world changed in a way she never expected. Her friends told her that they would 41 her and that she wasn’t part of the group anymore. “I was 42 ,” Eby said. “I had no idea what happened or why they turned on me.” At the same time, her life was falling apart. A few days earlier, her parents had made a decision that would 43 her life. Eby’s older brother, who had always been her 44 , was sent to live with their dad. The next morning, Eby woke up to find her brother 45 . Soon after, her stepdad left as well. So, when her friends at school decided they wouldn’t hang out with her anymore, it felt like just another 46 . “Everyone I loved disappeared,” Eby said. “They didn’t tell me why and I couldn’t 47 it.” That day, Eby 48 in tears at school. Her teacher, Mrs. Welch, took her to the teachers’ office to find out what was wrong. Eby poured out her 49 to her teacher, who listened 50 and hugged her. “That hug made me feel like I wasn’t 51 ,” Eby said. “It gave me hope that I would be OK.” Years later, when Eby became a teacher, she remembered Mrs. Welch’s 52 . It helped her understand her students’ 53 and be more caring. “Sometimes, small acts can make a 54 ,” Eby said. “That hug affected me deeply, and I’ll never 55 it.” 41．(1分)A．greet B．meet C．call D．ignore 42．(1分)A．safe B．calm C．shocked D．excited 43．(1分)A．record B．shake C．cheat D．protect 44．(1分)A．support B．enemy C．contact D．teacher 45．(1分)A．hiding B．awake C．gone D．funny 46．(1分)A．loss B．plan C．treat D．secret 47．(1分)A．cover B．stress C．respect D．control 48．(1分)A．checked out B．broke down C．dropped out D．settled down 49．(1分)A．promise B．talent C．money D．pain 50．(1分)A．quietly B．proudly C．simply D．angrily 51．(1分)A．alone B．asleep C．picky D．thankful 52．(1分)A．courage B．praise C．kindness D．memory 53．(1分)A．promises B．dreams C．excuses D．struggles 54．(1分)A．system B．difference C．choice D．joke 55．(1分)A．repeat B．forget C．refuse D．face 【答案】 41．D 42．C 43．B 44．A 45．C 46．A 47．D 48．B 49．D 50．A 51．A 52．C 53．D 54．B 55．B 【导语】文章主要讲述埃比年少遭受亲友与朋友接连离开的打击，老师的善意拥抱治愈了她，长大后她也温柔善待学生。 【详解】41．考查动词。句意：她的朋友们告诉她，她们会无视她，而且她不再是这个小团体的一员了。A. greet问候；B. meet见面；C. call称呼；D. ignore忽视。根据下文“she wasn’t part of the group anymore”可知，朋友们把她排除在团体之外，不会再理她。 42．考查形容词。句意：“我当时震惊了，”埃比说，“我不知道发生了什么，也不知道她们为什么突然针对我。”A. safe安全的；B. calm冷静的；C. shocked震惊的；D. excited兴奋的。根据上文“she wasn’t part of the group anymore”和下文“I had no idea what happened or why they turned on me”可知，被朋友突然排挤，埃比完全没有心理准备，感到非常震惊。 43．考查动词。句意：几天前，她的父母做了一个将彻底改变她人生的决定。A. record记录；B. shake动摇、改变；C. cheat欺骗；D. protect保护。根据后文“Eby’s older brother, who had always been her _______, was sent to live with their dad. The next morning, Eby woke up to find her brother”可知，埃比一直视为依靠的哥哥，被送去和他们的父亲一起生活了，这个决定对她的生活产生了巨大冲击。shake one’s life意为“动摇/改变某人的生活”。 44．考查名词。句意：埃比一直视为依靠的哥哥，被送去和他们的父亲一起生活了。A. support支持、依靠；B. enemy敌人；C. contact联系；D. teacher老师。根据下文“The next morning, Eby woke up to find her brother”及“Everyone I loved disappeared”哥哥离开让她备受打击可知，哥哥一直是她情感上的依靠和支持。 45．考查形容词。句意：第二天早上，埃比醒来发现哥哥已经不见了。A. hiding躲藏的；B. awake醒着的；C. gone离开的、不见了的；D. funny有趣的。根据上文“Eby’s older brother, who had always been her ______, was sent to live with their dad”可知，哥哥已经被送走，早晨醒来家里自然没有他的身影了。 46．考查名词。句意：所以，当学校的朋友们决定不再和她一起玩时，这感觉就像是又一次失去。A. loss失去；B. plan计划；C. treat款待；D. secret秘密。根据上文“when her friends at school decided they wouldn’t hang out with her anymore, it felt like just another”和下文“Everyone I loved disappeared”可知，哥哥和继父接连离开，朋友们的疏远对她而言又是一次重要的情感丧失。 47．考查动词。句意：他们没告诉我原因，我也无法控制这件事。A. cover覆盖；B. stress强调；C. respect尊重；D. control控制。根据上文““Everyone I loved disappeared,” Eby said. “They didn’t tell me why and I couldn’t”一系列变故都是他人决定、自己毫不知情可知，面对接二连三的离别，年幼的埃比感到无能为力，无法掌控局面。 48．考查动词短语。句意：那天，埃比在学校崩溃大哭。A. checked out结账离开；B. broke down（情感）失控、崩溃；C. dropped out辍学；D. settled down安定下来。根据下文“in tears at school”可知，积压的情绪让她当场情绪崩溃。 49．考查名词。句意：埃比向老师倾诉了自己的痛苦，老师静静地听着，然后拥抱了她。A. promise承诺；B. talent天赋；C. money钱；D. pain痛苦。根据上文““Everyone I loved disappeared,” Eby said. “They didn’t tell me why and I couldn’t _______ it.””被朋友排挤、家人离开的经历可知，埃比内心充满伤痛，向老师倾诉的正是这份痛苦。 50．考查副词。句意：同上。A. quietly安静地；B. proudly骄傲地；C. simply简单地；D. angrily生气地。根据上文“her teacher, who listened”和下文“and hugged her”老师耐心安抚学生的情境可知，老师此时应是安静、专注地倾听，给予孩子安全感。 51．考查形容词。句意：“那个拥抱让我觉得我并不是孤身一人，”埃比说，“这给了我希望，我会没事的。”A. alone独自的、孤独的；B. asleep睡着的；C. picky挑剔的；D. thankful感激的。根据上文“That hug made me feel like I wasn’t”可知，身边重要的人接连离开，她感到被抛弃，而老师的拥抱给予了陪伴感，因此她觉得自己不再孤单。 52．考查名词。句意：多年后，当埃比成为一名教师时，她想起了韦尔奇太太的善意。A. courage勇气；B. praise表扬；C. kindness善良、善意；D. memory记忆。根据上文“her teacher, who listened _______ and hugged her”老师倾听并拥抱她的行为和“she remembered Mrs. Welch’s”可知，这是一种充满关怀的善意举动。 53．考查名词。句意：这帮助她理解学生们的困境，并变得更加富有同情心。A. promises承诺；B. dreams梦想；C. excuses借口；D. struggles挣扎、困境。根据上文“Years later, when Eby became a teacher, she remembered Mrs. Welch’s _______. It helped her understand her students’”可知，她自己曾经历情感危机，这种善意让她更能共情学生正在经历的艰难处境。 54．考查名词。句意：“有时候，小小的举动就能产生巨大的影响，”埃比说。A. system系统；B. difference不同；C. choice选择；D. joke玩笑。根据上文“small acts can make a”可知，老师一个拥抱深深影响她，小小的举动就能产生巨大的影响。 55．考查动词。句意：“那个拥抱深深影响了我，我永远都不会忘记它。”A. repeat重复；B. forget忘记；C. refuse拒绝；D. face面对。根据上文“That hug affected me deeply, and I’ll never”可知，这次经历对她意义重大，将会被她铭记一生，永远不会忘记。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 56(1.5分) the energy crisis in the 1970s, Dutch researchers began to pay close attention to the country’s energy usage. In one suburb near Amsterdam, they found that some homeowners used 30 percent less energy than their neighbors, 57(1.5分) the homes were of similar size and getting electricity for the same price. 58(1.5分) researchers found out was that the houses were nearly identical (相同的) except for one feature: the location of the electrical meter. Some had one in the basement, 59(1.5分) others had the electrical meter (电能表) upstairs in the main hallway. 60(1.5分) you may guess, the homes with the meters located in the main hallway used less electricity. When their energy use was obvious and easy to track, people’s 61(1.5分) (involve) in monitoring it increased and people changed their behavior. Every habit is initiated by a cue (暗示), and we are more likely to notice the very cues 62(1.5分) stand out. Unfortunately, the environments where we live and work often make it easy not to do certain actions 63(1.5分) there is no obvious cue to trigger (引发) the behavior. When the cues that spark a habit are subtle or 64(1.5分) (hide), they are easy to ignore. Eventually, I took my own advice and redesigned my environment. I bought a large display bowl and placed it in the middle of the kitchen counter. The next time I bought apples, that was 65(1.5分) they went. Almost like magic, I began eating a few apples each day simply because they were obvious, facilitating the formation of a healthy eating habit rather than keeping them out of sight. 【答案】 56．After 57．although/though 58．What 59．while 60．As 61．involvement 62．that 63．because/since/as 64．hidden 65．where 【导语】本文主要介绍了荷兰能源研究发现环境暗示能引导行为改变，并以厨房摆放苹果为例阐明让提示明显有助于好习惯的养成。 【详解】56．考查介词。句意：在20世纪70年代的能源危机之后，荷兰研究人员开始密切关注该国的能源使用情况。空处表示“在……之后”，应用介词after，句首单词首字母大写。 57．考查连词。句意：在阿姆斯特丹附近的一个郊区，他们发现一些房主的能源消耗比邻居少30%，尽管房屋大小相似且电价相同。空前“少用30%能源”与空后“房屋相似、电价相同”之间存在让步关系，应用though/although引导让步状语从句。 58．考查主语从句。句意：研究人员发现，这些房屋几乎完全相同，只有一个特征不同：电能表的位置。空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作found out的宾语，指物，应用连接代词what，句首单词首字母大写。 59．考查连词。句意：有些房子的地下室装有一个电表，而其他的电表则在楼上的主走廊里。此处为“some..., others...”结构，表示两者的对比，应用并列连词while连接前后分句。 60．考查定语从句。句意：正如你可能猜到的，在主走廊上安装电表的家庭用电量更少。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺宾语，修饰整个主句，表示“正如”，应使用as引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。 61．考查名词。句意：当他们的能源使用显而易见且易于追踪时，人们对其监控的参与度就会增加，人们也会因此改变行为。空处作主语，前面有名词所有格people’s修饰，应用involve的名词形式involvement，意为“参与，投入”。 62．考查定语从句。句意：每个习惯都是由暗示引发的，我们更容易注意到那些突出的暗示。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cues，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，且关系词前由the very修饰，只能用关系代词that。 63．考查状语从句。句意：不幸的是，我们生活和工作的环境往往因为没有明显的暗示来引发行为，使得人们轻易就不会去做某些事。空后“there is no obvious cue...”是前文“make it easy not to do certain actions”的原因，应用连词because / since / as引导原因状语从句。 64．考查形容词。句意：当引发习惯的暗示很微妙或被隐藏时，它们就容易被忽视。空处与subtle并列，作表语，应用hide的形容词形式hidden，意为“隐藏的”。 65．考查表语从句。句意：下次我买苹果时，它们就被放进了那个碗里。空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用连接副词where。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，今天上课时不小心弄坏了你同桌的笔。请你给你的同桌Chris写一封邮件，表达你的歉意，内容包括： (1)道歉并说明情况； (2)给出补救方案。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右，可以有适当细节的增添； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Chris, I’m writing this email to offer you my sincerest apology. I feel so awful about what happened in class today. I accidentally dropped your pen while I was clumsily reaching for my notebook, and it broke. It was all my fault and I’m truly regretful. To make up for it, I’ve searched for the exact same pen on several reliable shopping platforms and placed an order. It’ll be delivered to you as soon as possible. I sincerely hope you can accept my apology and this way of making amends. I’ll be extra careful from now on to avoid such silly mistakes again. Hoping for your forgiveness. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给同桌Chris写一封邮件，因弄坏了他的笔表达歉意。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提供某人某物：offer sb sth→provide sb with sth 偶然：accidentally→by chance 寻找：search for→look for 愚蠢的：silly→stupid 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing this email to offer you my sincerest apology. 拓展句：I’m writing this email so that I can offer you my sincerest apology. 【点睛】[高分句型1]I feel so awful about what happened in class today.（运用了what引导宾语从句） [高分句型2]I accidentally dropped your pen while I was clumsily reaching for my notebook, and it broke.（运用了while引导的时间状语从句） 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I already hated dealing with Victor’s parents for their lack of cooperation and disconnected phone numbers. He was the youngest in a family that contained many children with behavior problems. I’d had a couple of his siblings (兄弟姐妹) in previous years and dreaded having this child in my class. I taught first grade in a low-budget charter school that was quickly becoming known in our town for accepting unruly students, often those who’d been kicked out of another school for behavior problems. But Victor was not like his siblings. It was clear from the first day that he wanted to read books, not throw them. He didn’t yell. He didn’t break crayons on purpose. In fact, he paid attention, practiced reading when he was done with other subjects, and attended my after-school tutoring group. Instead of dreading Victor, I looked forward to having him in class each day. And now that he was reading well, our next job together was writing. Unfortunately, Victor’s siblings were still having behavior problems in school. His parents grew tired of the consequences brought about by their children and the regular phone calls from school administrators. One day, when I was home sick with the flu, Victor’s mother came to school to get all of her children, and she didn’t bring them back. Not even Victor. I was heartbroken. I felt guilty that he, who was unable to write at grade level, would go to a new teacher. We didn’t have enough time. And I didn’t even get to say goodbye. As the school year came to a close, I was doing playground duty on a hot, dusty afternoon. Students and teachers alike were sweaty and tired. A woman walked up to our playground fence and said, “Are you Mrs. M?” “Yes,” I said. “Do I know you?” “No, but you were Victor’s teacher earlier this year, right? I work at Lake View School with Mrs. Kaye. She’s Victor’s teacher now, and she wants you to have this.” 注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The woman handed me an envelope. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Deeply touched by Victor’s words in the letter, I decided to write him back. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: The woman handed me an envelope. I thanked her and opened it. It was a hand-written letter from Victor. I took it with trembling fingers, suddenly forgetting the heat of the afternoon. “Dear Mrs. M, I can write now. You are the best teacher in the world. In my eyes, you are my mom. I’ll study harder and do better. I miss you.” Tears blurred my vision. This child, who had been labeled “troubled” because of his family’s reputation, was on his way to growing up and becoming strong. Deeply touched by Victor’s words in the letter, I decided to write him back. I rushed back to my office and pulled out a sheet of bright blue paper. My pen hovered for a moment before I began: “Dear Victor, I’m so glad you are an excellent writer now! I knew you could do it. I’m so proud of you! Please keep up the good work!” As I sealed the envelope, I pictured his face lighting up when Mrs. Kaye handed it to him. At that moment, I realized that the best thing in the world is the difference one can make in others’ lives. 【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者作为一所低预算特许学校的一年级老师，起初因Victor的兄弟姐妹有行为问题而对他有所顾虑，但Victor在班上表现良好，热爱学习。然而，由于Victor的兄弟姐妹持续出现问题，父母最终将孩子们都从学校接走，包括Victor，作者对此感到非常难过和愧疚。后来，在新学校工作的老师转交给作者一封来自Victor新老师的信。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段首句内容“那位女士递给我一个信封。”可知，第一段可描写信的具体内容以及作者看完信后的感受。 ②由第二段首句内容“Victor信中的话语深深打动了我，我决定给他写一封回信。”可知，第二段可描写回信内容以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：Victor信件内容——作者看完信的感受——作者回信内容——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①冲：rush/dash ②拿出：pull out/take out ③想象：picture/imagine ④意识到：realize/be aware of 情绪类 ①感谢：thank/appreciate ②高兴的：glad/delighted 【点睛】[高分句型1] This child, who had been labeled “troubled” because of his family’s reputation, was on his way to growing up and becoming strong.（运用了who引导非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] At that moment, I realized that the best thing in the world is the difference one can make in others’ lives.（运用了that引导宾语从句） 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $