高中英语单元测试——Unit 6 Nurturing Nature（较难版02）

高中英语单元测试——Unit 6 Nurturing Nature（较难版02）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What is the woman’s attitude to the man’s suggestion? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. 【答案】A 【原文】W: We should pay attention to our influences on the places we visit. Any ideas on how to be responsible tourists? M: Yes, we can start from small things like stopping throwing rubbish around. W: You’re right, we must protect the local environment. 2．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．The significance of recycling. B．The dangers of plastic products. C．The ways to live an eco-friendly life. 【答案】C 【原文】W: I’m trying to live a greener lifestyle. Any tips? M: Start by reducing the use of plastic products and recycling more. About energy, use LED bulbs and try to save water. W: Great ideas! I’ll include these in my daily life. 3．（本题1.5分）What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Guide and tourist. B．Lecturer and listener. C．Classmates. 【答案】C 【原文】W: Do you still remember the lecture we both attended last weekend on wildlife protection? The data on habitat loss were alarming. M: Yes. The speaker stressed the importance of balancing human needs with nature preservation. 4．（本题1.5分）What makes the man appreciate his dog? A．The dog protects his house. B．The dog is easy to take care of. C．The dog helps him get exercise. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Wow! You’re walking your dog again. Having a dog is a lot of work. M: Yes, but this little guy has a loud bark. He keeps anyone from coming into my backyard. 5．（本题1.5分）What event did the man participate in? A．Waste recycling. B．Beach cleaning. C．Tree planting. 【答案】B 【原文】W: So, what’s next with the environment club, Sammy? Tree planting? M: Well, we just collected beach rubbish and learned about keeping our oceans clean. So, this time we’re into the forest for clean-up. Maybe we’ll find some recyclable garbage this weekend. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)What is Dr. Bradshaw’s possible focus? A．Saving endangered animals. B．Protecting the environment. C．Study rhino horn. 7．(1.5分)What does Dr. Bradshaw think should happen first? A．Help to reproduce. B．Education. C．Rescue animals. 【答案】6．A 7．B 【原文】W: I feel very lucky indeed to have Dr. Bradshaw with us today. He works on protecting animals in danger. At present he is in a rhino-protecting program. M: Yes, many animals are illegally hunted for something they have. In the rhinos’ case, it is their horns. Some people think it is useful in medicine. W: How can we stop this from happening? M: Well, the first step and most important step, we need to let everyone know the hunting of these animals is illegal. These amazing animals are part of the world we live in. Then we should try our best to save them, and if we can help them reproduce so much the better. W: How long do we have before rhinos become extinct? M: If we don’t do something now, there will be no rhinos left in the world in twenty years. W: That’s an incredibly urgent matter. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)How did the woman start growing plants? A．She was given some by a neighbor. B．She wanted to try it since childhood. C．She needed a hobby after an injury. 9．(1.5分)What did the woman wish for most as a child? A．A bat. B．A pet. C．A pot. 10．(1.5分)Where does this conversation probably take place? A．At a garden center. B．In a plant market. C．At the woman’s home. 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 【原文】M: Wow, you’ve got so many plants! I never knew you were into gardening. W: Yeah, I started about five years ago. It happened kind of by accident, actually. M: Really? How so? W: Well, my old neighbor was moving away, and she couldn’t take all her potted plants with her. So she asked if I wanted them. M: That was nice of her. W: Yeah, I wasn’t really interested at first. Back then, I was only ten — all I wanted was a small animal! A little fox, or maybe a dog…even a rabbit would have been exciting! M: Haha, plants must have seemed pretty boring then. W: They did! But once I started taking care of them, I really grew to like it. It’s very calming. M: Some of these look pretty unusual — like these over here. W: Oh, those are desert plants. They’re harder to keep, but I think they’re worth it. M: Do you buy them locally? W: Sometimes, but I also grow a lot from seeds or cuttings right here at home. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)Why are dogs prohibited on the beach? A．For safety concerns. B．For a clean environment. C．For the protection of birds. 12．(1.5分)What are the members doing in the nature reserve? A．Maintaining the order. B．Improving the housing. C．Counting the species of birds. 13．(1.5分)What can a member enjoy? A．Cash as a bonus. B．A free vacation. C．Certificated honor. 【答案】11．A 12．B 13．B 【原文】W: Wonderful speech, Mike. I’m interested in getting involved in your conservation group. M: Thank you, Tammy. We’d be glad to have more hands in the group. W: What do you do in the conservation group? M: Well, we have activities varying from regular ones to special events. One regular activity is to keep the beach free of garbage. Some members take a few days to clean it every month. W: I can help with that. Can I take my dog along? M: I’m afraid not. For the safety of the tourists, there is a ban on pets. W: I see. Then how about your special events? M: We are also managing a nature reserve. We help maintain the paths, make birds’ nests and identify species of butterflies. We are now repairing living places for the forest keepers. W: Sounds meaningful. M: Yes. Although we won’t be paid in cash or get certificated honor officially, we feel good because we can do something to better the environment and the extra bonus is a two-week holiday paid by our sponsors. W: Wow, I can’t wait to join now. （本题6分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)Who is the woman probably? A．A host. B．A researcher. C．A fisherman. 15．(1.5分)What percentage of the fish populations have decreased? A．30%. B．50%. C．90%. 16．(1.5分)What did the scientists use electronic devices to do? A．Track fish. B．Catch fish. C．Keep fish fresh. 17．(1.5分)How does the man feel about the future sales of the special fish? A．Doubtful. B．Confident. C．Confused. 【答案】14．A 15．C 16．A 17．B 【原文】W: In the studio today, I have Fergus Reilly, a scientist who works for a non-profit organization called Sustainable Fishing. Fergus, your particular concern is the future of fishing. M: That’s right. We want more people to know what fish they’re eating. According to some researchers, 90% of the fish populations have gone, worse than the situation 50 years ago. But some fish populations can grow quite quickly if they are protected properly. W: I’m quite worried about the condition of some of the fish I see in supermarkets. M: I know what you mean. We’ve recently started using electronic devices to track fish as they move from the oceans to the markets. This helps us check the quality, and this is important when it comes to threatened species. W: That’s meaningful. But is it easy to encourage consumers to buy fish that have been caught in an eco-friendly way? M: I am confident that many customers do worry about our oceans. They won’t mind paying a little bit more for this kind of fish. We do believe that we can sell these fish at a price that customers can afford. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)Why did Ningbo start the project? A．To promote ecotourism. B．To preserve old traditions. C．To beautify local environment. 19．(1.5分)Why were some residents hesitant about the project at the beginning? A．The project might cost too much. B．The changes might harm nature. C．They were used to their old lifestyle. 20．(1.5分)What does the progress of the project indicate? A．It gains community support. B．All the residents take part. C．It causes local unemployment. 【答案】18．C 19．C 20．A 【原文】 Good evening, this is Community Focus. Today, we’re looking at a rural courtyard improvement project in Ningbo in eastern China. The program encourages local people to improve their home courtyards by planting flowers, repairing old houses and creating pleasant outdoor spaces. Its goal is to make the area cleaner, greener and more attractive. At first, some residents were unsure about the idea because they were used to their old way of life. But as the environment gradually improved the changes became clear. Visitors began coming to enjoy the peaceful countryside and traditional way of life. Soon, some local families opened small home stays or cafes for tourists. In this way, the program not only made the area more beautiful, but also created new chances for families to earn extra income. Today, more residents are taking part. Many of them now realize that improving the environment while developing tourism, not only protects nature, but also supports the local economy and brings people in the community closer together. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Eco-friendly Disposable Plates Our planet faces a growing waste problem. Single-use plastic plates are major contributors. Eco-friendly disposable plates provide a practical solution. But what exactly are they, and why should we choose them? Let’s explore. Eco-friendly plates are made from natural, renewable materials that decompose quickly and safely. This means they break down into natural elements in a short time without harming the environment. Benefits of Using Eco-friendly Plates Switching to eco-friendly plates has many advantages. Here are some key benefits: ●Reduces Waste: Traditional plates take hundreds of years to break down. Eco-friendly plates break down in months. ●Lower Carbon Footprint: These plates use less energy and resources to produce. ●Safe for Health: Made from natural materials, they do not release harmful chemicals. ●Supports Sustainability: They promote the use of renewable resources. Materials Used in Eco-friendly Plates Eco-friendly plates come from various sustainable materials. Here are some common ones: Material Description Bamboo Strong, durable, and grows fast. Palm Leaves Leaves are collected, cleaned, and shaped into plates. Sugarcane A by-product of sugar production, biodegradable, heat-resistant. Areca Nut Leaves are molded into durable plates, no chemicals used. How to Choose the Right Eco-friendly Plates Consider these factors when selecting eco-friendly plates: ●Material: Choose a material that suits your needs. ●Durability: Check if the plates can hold hot and cold foods. ●Compostability (可堆肥性): Ensure the plates are certified compostable. ●Price: Compare prices to find a budget-friendly option. Eco-friendly disposable plates offer a simple way to help the environment. They are practical, safe, and sustainable. Make the switch today and join the movement towards a greener planet. 21．(2.5分)What advantage do eco-friendly plates have over plastic ones? A．They are costly. B．They break down faster. C．They are reusable. D．They produce less energy. 22．(2.5分)Which plates can handle hot items comparatively well? A．Bamboo plates. B．Palm leaf plates. C．Areca nut plates. D．Sugarcane plates. 23．(2.5分)What should we check when choosing eco-friendly plates? A．Whether they are handmade. B．Whether they are the cheapest. C．Whether they are hot or cold. D．Whether they are compostable. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了环保一次性餐盘的定义、优点、制作材料以及选择时的注意事项。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据“Benefits of Using Eco-friendly Plates”部分中“Traditional plates take hundreds of years to break down. Eco-friendly plates break down in months. (传统餐盘需要数百年才能分解。环保餐盘在数月内就能分解)”可知，环保餐盘比塑料餐盘分解得更快。 22．细节理解题。根据“Materials Used in Eco-friendly Plates”部分表格中“Sugarcane: A by-product of sugar production, biodegradable, heat-resistant. (甘蔗：制糖的副产品，可生物降解，耐热)”可知，甘蔗制成的餐盘能较好地承受热食。 23．细节理解题。根据“How to Choose the Right Eco-friendly Plates”部分中“●Compostability (可堆肥性): Ensure the plates are certified compostable. (●可堆肥性：确保餐盘经过可堆肥认证)”可知，选择环保餐盘时应检查其是否可堆肥。 （本题10分）Tasha walked Eigg’s windswept shores, knowing visitors saw her island as treeless. It’s a bit of a misunderstanding and there’s certainly no shortage of trees on Eigg. Upon taking ownership of the island in 1997, Tasha and her community signed a Long-Term Forest Plan. It was not merely about planting trees, but about taking on the commitment to restore and protect the land for future generations. They battled daily to keep trees alive and successfully protected the woodland. Decades of effort, however, faced a critical test by 2017. Aging forests required renewal; Tasha refused to give in. In 2018, she transformed a windswept plot into Eigg’s first tree nursery (苗圃). “We’ll grow warriors born in this salt air,” she declared, selecting tough native nut trees. Early attempts struggled — rabbits bit baby trees, and storms knocked down young trees. Undiscouraged, Tasha has worked hard to involve everyone in the community: Volunteers built storm-proof fencing, children made protective tree guards from recycled materials, and farmers shared wisdom on soil survival. Slowly, strength took root. Saplings (树苗) nurtured through violent storms developed deep strong roots. Within five years, 35,000 locally grown trees have strengthened 31 new acres of woodland. The islanders witness the rewards. Planting trees and having access to woodlands encourages people to get active outdoors, improving health and well-being. They have the satisfaction of knowing they’re creating new woodlands for future generations to explore. There are economic improvements, too, with the creation of seasonal jobs in tree planting and site maintenance, and in the tree nursery itself. One rainy afternoon, Tasha found a village girl gently straightening a storm-bent tree. “Will it live?” the child whispered. “Yes,” Tasha replied, brushing rain from the small trunk. “Like us — it bends but won’t break.” With another 30,000 or so trees currently being grown in the nursery, Tasha and her community are certainly not slowing down. Her dream now shelters coasts far beyond Eigg and to neighboring islands. “We want to plant more trees, grow more trees and sell more trees,” she tells visitors. “And we’ll keep sharing our learning with the network of smaller nurseries out there.” 24．(2.5分)What did the Long-Term Forest Plan mean for Tasha and her community? A．A permit to live on the island forever. B．A formal warning of forests in danger. C．A business contract promising profits. D．A responsibility to re-green the island. 25．(2.5分)How did Tasha overcome the nursery’s problems? A．Introducing selected species. B．Tending to aging trees. C．Combining community efforts. D．Making collective planting tests. 26．(2.5分)What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Benefits brought by the nursery on Eigg. B．The expectation for a better life condition. C．The development of the nursery economy. D．Examples of protecting forests from storms. 27．(2.5分)What can describe Tasha according to her words to the girl and visitors? A．Humorous and tolerant. B．Determined and ambitious. C．Talkative and influential. D．Independent and passionate. 【答案】24．D 25．C 26．A 27．B 【导语】主要说明了塔莎和居民制定森林计划修复岛屿林地，创办苗圃，克服诸多困难，众人合力植树造林，既收获多重益处，还立志向外推广种树经验。 【详解】24．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was not merely about planting trees, but about taking on the commitment to restore and protect the land for future generations.(这不仅仅是为了植树造林，更是意味着要承担起恢复和保护这片土地的责任，以造福子孙后代)”可知，长期森林保护计划对塔莎及其所在社区意味着有义务将岛屿重新绿化。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Undiscouraged, Tasha has worked hard to involve everyone in the community: Volunteers built storm-proof fencing, children made protective tree guards from recycled materials, and farmers shared wisdom on soil survival.(尽管遭遇了挫折，塔莎仍坚持不懈地努力让社区中的每个人都能参与到活动中来：志愿者们搭建了防风防雨的围栏，孩子们用回收材料制作了保护树木的装置，而农民们则分享了关于土壤保护的宝贵经验)”可知，塔莎通过整合社区力量解决苗圃所面临的问题。 26．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Slowly, strength took root. Saplings (树苗) nurtured through violent storms developed deep strong roots. Within five years, 35,000 locally grown trees have strengthened 31 new acres of woodland. The islanders witness the rewards. Planting trees and having access to woodlands encourages people to get active outdoors, improving health and well-being. They have the satisfaction of knowing they’re creating new woodlands for future generations to explore. There are economic improvements, too, with the creation of seasonal jobs in tree planting and site maintenance, and in the tree nursery itself.(渐渐地，力量生根发芽。在狂风暴雨中茁壮成长的树苗长出了深而坚固的根系。五年内，当地种植的35000棵树木让31英亩的新林地更坚固。岛民们见证了这一切带来的成果。植树造林和进入林地活动能让人们更积极地投身户外活动，从而改善健康和幸福值。他们还感到一种满足感，知道他们正在为子孙后代创造新的林地供他们去探索。此外，还带来了经济上的改善，比如在植树、场地维护以及树苗培育方面创造了季节性工作岗位)”可知，第三段主要讲了该苗圃给埃格岛带来的好处。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Like us — it bends but won’t break.” With another 30,000 or so trees currently being grown in the nursery, Tasha and her community are certainly not slowing down. Her dream now shelters coasts far beyond Eigg and to neighboring islands. “We want to plant more trees, grow more trees and sell more trees,” she tells visitors. “And we’ll keep sharing our learning with the network of smaller nurseries out there.”(“就像我们一样——它会弯曲但不会折断。”目前，塔莎所在的社区还有大约3万棵树木正在苗圃里生长，她和社区显然不会放缓脚步。如今，她的梦想已经扩展到了埃格岛以外的海岸地区以及周边岛屿。“我们想种更多的树、培育更多的树，并销售更多的树，”她向访客们说道。“而且我们会继续与周边的小型苗圃网络分享我们的经验。”)”可知，塔莎坚定且有抱负。 （本题10分）The male western tanager (唐纳雀) looks like a little flame, while females are less showy, a dusty yellow. In the spring, they prepare to move thousands of miles to the Mountain West of Central America, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards. To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁徙动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. “In discussing climate change, we often focus on warming,” says Scott Loss, a co-author of the study. “But the length and timing of seasons — like when winter ends and spring begins — are some of the most dramatic effects of climate change.” Loss and his colleagues used satellite imagery from 2002 to 2021 to calculate the average start of spring green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species, and then compared that timing with the current green-up. They found that spring is indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes. “On the contrary, previous studies have mainly focused on songbirds in Eastern North America, ” says Morgan Tingley, an ornithologist at UCLA, “but this new investigation shows that bird species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的). ” “Part of it is knowing which species are vulnerable to various threats,” Loss says. “This adds to the knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. “It’s really important, if we can’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.” 28．(2.5分)What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To compare male western tanager and female ones. B．To explain why insects and berries are critical for birds during migration. C．To describe the physical appearance and migration route of western tanagers. D．To introduce the topic of how climate change affects migratory birds’ survival. 29．(2.5分)What may cause a direct threat to western tanagers’ survival? A．Global warming. B．The duration of changing seasons. C．Loss of habitats due to human activities. D．Decreased access to foods during migration. 30．(2.5分)What is unique about the new study on birds like western tanagers? A．It covers a wider geographic range. B．It reveals the decline in bird populations. C．It centers on the adaptation of bird species. D．It ensures the existence of a timing mismatch. 31．(2.5分)What does Loss suggest we do to safeguard migratory birds? A．Reduce the effects of climate change. B．Preserve ecosystems for bird species. C．Address emissions and habitat loss. D．Expand researches on threats to birds. 【答案】28．D 29．D 30．A 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述气候变化致候鸟迁徙与食物周期错配，需减排与保护栖息地以应对。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段“The male western tanager (唐纳雀) looks like a little flame, while females are less showy, a dusty yellow. In the spring, they prepare to move thousands of miles to the Mountain West of Central America, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards. (雄性西唐纳雀羽毛艳丽如跳动的火焰，而雌鸟羽色则较为朴素，呈现灰黄色调。每逢春季，它们便开启跨越数千英里的迁徙之旅，飞往中美洲西部山区，途中穿越广袤草原、无垠荒漠，偶尔也会掠过城郊庭院。)”及第二段“But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁徙动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. (随着全球气候变化导致春季提前到来，西部唐纳雀等鸟类在所谓的“绿期”，即植物开始生长、花朵绽放、昆虫出现的阶段，结束后才抵达目的地。根据一项于3月初发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》（PNAS）的研究，迁徙动物与其食物来源之间的这种时间错配现象在整个北美地区普遍存在，可能对迁徙鸟类的生存造成严重影响。)”可知，首段描述唐纳雀的外貌和迁徙路线，实则为第二段讨论“气候变化导致迁徙时间错配”做铺垫，所以第一段的写作目的是引出气候变化如何影响候鸟生存的主题。故选D。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁徙动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. (根据一项于3月初发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》（PNAS）的研究，迁徙动物与其食物来源之间的这种时间错配现象在整个北美地区普遍存在，可能对迁徙鸟类的生存造成严重影响。)”可知，动物的迁徙时间与昆虫或花朵生长周期错配导致的食物短缺，这可能直接威胁西唐纳雀的生存。故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段““On the contrary, previous studies have mainly focused on songbirds in Eastern North America, ” says Morgan Tingley, an ornithologist at UCLA, “but this new investigation shows that bird species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的). ” (​​“恰恰相反，此前的研究主要集中在北美东部的鸣禽上，”加州大学洛杉矶分校的鸟类学家Morgan Tingley表示，“但这项新研究表明，西部地区的鸟类以及处于食物链不同层级的物种可能同样面临脆弱性风险。”)”可知，新研究的独特性在于涵盖北美西部的鸟类，即涵盖更广的地理范围。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. “It’s really important, if we can’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.” (他希望这些信息能够凸显出亟需尽快减少温室气体排放的迫切性。“这一点极为重要，”他补充道，“如果我们无法立即应对气候变化，就必须竭尽全力减缓栖息地的丧失。”)”可知，减少气候变化的影响，减缓栖息地的丧失是Loss给我们的建议。故选A。 （本题10分）Fish may have their own version of empathy. In a study published in the journal Science, researchers say the same mechanism responsible for human empathy might also be at play among fish. This suggests the human ability to understand and share another’s feelings could have evolved much earlier than previously thought — around 450 million years ago, when fish and mammals split on the evolutionary tree. Scientists have known that fear can spread throughout groups of fish in a phenomenon known as “emotional contagion (传染)”. This can be helpful if, for example, one fish spots a predator before others do — it can then alert its peers by acting distressed. But until now, scientists weren’t sure which biological systems led fish to catch onto another’s emotional state. To find out, they focused on zebrafish, which are often used in research. Scientists concluded the hormone oxytocin (催产素), which helps regulate social behavior and empathy in mammals, may also drive contagious fear in fish. In one of their experiments, the team removed genes linked to oxytocin production from some zebrafish, then let them observe other zebrafish that were acting afraid in another tank. Many of the genetically modified animals did not respond to their peers’ fear, while a control group of normal fish did. Then, when the researchers injected the genetically modified fish with oxytocin, they behaved more like the standard, unmodified fish and mirrored the fright behaviors of their peers. In another experiment, zebrafish appeared to pay more attention to videos of fish that had previously shown distress, as opposed to videos of fish that always appeared calm. This suggests the fish may have been emotionally connecting with their fearful peers — and possibly, researchers say, even trying to comfort them. Finally, the researchers dissected (解剖) zebrafish brains and, after examining the tissue under a microscope, found that the two areas most involved in emotional contagion were similar to the mammalian brain regions associated with empathy. The findings suggest that fish could be sentient, like humans and other species. “They have the ability to have an emotional life,” says Hans Hofmann, a neurobiologist at the University of Texas at Austin who was not involved in the research. 32．(2.5分)What does human-fish empathy similarity indicate? A．Fish lost the ability to feel emotions during evolution. B．Mammals learned empathetic behavior by observing fish. C．Fish may possess empathy-like abilities rooted in evolution. D．Fish developed empathy separately after splitting from mammals. 33．(2.5分)What role does oxytocin play in zebrafish according to the study? A．It enhances their swimming speed. B．It shapes their response to peers’ fear. C．It helps them detect predators faster. D．It reduces their need for social interaction. 34．(2.5分)How did the researchers reach their conclusion? A．By analyzing data. B．By making comparisons. C．By building models. D．By conducting surveys. 35．(2.5分)The underlined word “sentient” in the last paragraph most likely means ________. A．capable of physical adaptation B．dependent on group survival C．skilled at avoiding predators D．able to perceive and feel emotions 【答案】32．C 33．B 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现鱼类可能具有类似人类的共情能力，且这种能力可能与进化有关。 【详解】32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In a study published in the journal Science, researchers say the same mechanism responsible for human empathy might also be at play among fish. This suggests the human ability to understand and share another’s feelings could have evolved much earlier than previously thought — around 450 million years ago, when fish and mammals split on the evolutionary tree. (在《科学》杂志发表的一项研究中，研究人员称，人类共情的相关机制可能同样在鱼类中起作用。这表明，人类理解和分享他人感受的能力可能比此前认为的进化得早得多 —— 大约在 4.5 亿年前，即鱼类和哺乳动物在进化树上分化之时。)”可知，人类与鱼类在共情能力上的相似性表明鱼类可能拥有源于进化的类似共情的能力。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many of the genetically modified animals did not respond to their peers’ fear, while a control group of normal fish did. Then, when the researchers injected the genetically modified fish with oxytocin, they behaved more like the standard, unmodified fish and mirrored the fright behaviors of their peers. (许多转基因动物对同伴的恐惧没有反应，而一组正常的对照鱼则有反应。然后，当研究人员给转基因鱼注射催产素时，它们的行为更像标准的、未转基因的鱼，并模仿了同伴的恐惧行为。)”可知，催产素在斑马鱼中塑造了它们对同伴恐惧的反应。故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Many of the genetically modified animals did not respond to their peers’ fear, while a control group of normal fish did. Then, when the researchers injected the genetically modified fish with oxytocin, they behaved more like the standard, unmodified fish and mirrored the fright behaviors of their peers. (许多转基因动物对同伴的恐惧没有反应，而一组正常的对照鱼则有反应。然后，当研究人员给转基因鱼注射催产素时，它们的行为更像标准的、未转基因的鱼，并模仿了同伴的恐惧行为。)”以及第四段中“In another experiment, zebrafish appeared to pay more attention to videos of fish that had previously shown distress, as opposed to videos of fish that always appeared calm. (在另一项实验中，斑马鱼似乎更关注之前表现出痛苦的鱼的视频，而不是总是表现出平静的鱼的视频。)”可知，研究人员通过做比较得出结论。故选B。 35．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“The findings suggest that fish could be sentient, like humans and other species. “They have the ability to have an emotional life,” says Hans Hofmann, a neurobiologist at the University of Texas at Austin who was not involved in the research. (这些研究结果表明，鱼类可能和人类及其他物种一样sentient。“它们有能力拥有情感生活，”德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的神经生物学家汉斯・霍夫曼说，他并未参与这项研究。)”可知，研究发现鱼类可能像人类和其他物种一样有感知和感受情绪的能力，故划sentient意思是“能够感知和感受情绪”。故选D。 （本题12.5分）Many people are concerned about environmental protection. But when it comes to taking practical steps, most people have no idea how to begin. This widespread situation is known as the intention-action gap. Research shows that over three-quarters of Americans are worried about plastic pollution, yet plenty of them remain uncertain about effective ways to offer help. 36(2.5分) Recent studies indicate that taking practical action — rather than merely talking — is vital for building trust and a sense of community. When people cooperate to solve shared problems, they gain a strong sense of self-assurance and feel more connected to one another. 37(2.5分) A typical example is the Clean Earth Challenge, which encourages people to collect rubbish and record the waste they pick up. Most participants said they grew more confident that individual efforts could bring positive change. The campaign grew rapidly by cooperating with major environmental organizations and various businesses. 38(2.5分) This figure means roughly 1.2 million pounds of waste are prevented from entering waterways and natural ecosystems. By providing clear, achievable actions, it turns overwhelming environmental worries into manageable daily tasks. 39(2.5分) It aims to reach wider audiences and foster an environmental-care culture. Those hoping to launch similar campaigns can find frameworks and creative ideas online. This method works especially well for businesses wanting staff involved in sustainability projects. On our planet, countless people feel worn out or anxious about environmental conditions. 40(2.5分) Instead, it is about building change step-by-step through new habits, one piece of waste at a time. A．This campaign keeps expanding its influence. B．How are they able to turn worries into real action? C．Put simply, taking part helps people build confidence. D．What approaches can be adopted to deal with this plastic issue? E．This campaign successfully turned eco-anxiety into positive progress. F．Shifting from concern to action is not about altering people’s opinions. G．So far, volunteers have cleared 11 million pieces of rubbish from surroundings. 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．G 39．A 40．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了“意向-行动差距”这一现象，并以“洁净地球挑战赛”为例，讲述如何将人们的环境担忧转化为实际环保行动。 【详解】36．根据前文“Research shows that over three-quarters of Americans are worried about plastic pollution, yet plenty of them remain uncertain about effective ways to offer help.(研究表明，超过四分之三的美国人担忧塑料污染问题，但其中很多人依旧不清楚哪些方式能切实伸出援手。)”可知，很多人有环保方面的担忧，却不知道该如何行动。B选项“How are they able to turn worries into real action?(他们要如何才能把忧虑转化为实际行动？)”承接上文，提出问题，引出下文对具体行动的介绍。 37．根据前文“Recent studies indicate that taking practical action — rather than merely talking — is vital for building trust and a sense of community. When people cooperate to solve shared problems, they gain a strong sense of self-assurance and feel more connected to one another.(近期研究表明，采取实际行动——而非仅仅空谈——对建立信任和社区归属感至关重要。当人们合作解决共同问题时，会获得强烈的自我肯定感，彼此间的联系也更为紧密。)”可知，前文阐述参与行动带来自信和联结的好处，C选项“Put simply, taking part helps people build confidence.(简而言之，参与能帮助人们建立自信。)”承接前文内容，总结参与行动的核心益处，与后文提到的具体案例呼应，符合段落逻辑。 38．根据前文“The campaign grew rapidly by cooperating with major environmental organizations and various businesses.(该活动通过与主要环保组织及各类企业合作，发展势头迅猛。)”以及后文“This figure means roughly 1.2 million pounds of waste are prevented from entering waterways and natural ecosystems.(这一数据意味着约有120万磅的垃圾被阻止进入水道和自然生态系统。)”可知，前文提及活动发展情况，后文提到具体数据，G选项“So far, volunteers have cleared 11 million pieces of rubbish from surroundings.(到目前为止，志愿者已从周边环境中清理了1100万件垃圾。)”补充了活动成果的具体数据，与后文的“figure”形成呼应，衔接自然。 39．根据后文“It aims to reach wider audiences and foster an environmental-care culture.(它旨在触及更广泛的受众，培育关爱环境的文化。)”可知，后文说明活动的目标，其中的“It”需要指代前文提到的某个主体，且“触及更广泛的受众”与前文的活动扩展逻辑一致，A选项“This campaign keeps expanding its influence.(这项活动不断扩大其影响力。)”与后文呼应，“It”指代“This campaign(这项活动)”，且“扩大影响力”与“触及更广泛受众”语义衔接紧密。 40．根据后文“Instead, it is about building change step-by-step through new habits, one piece of waste at a time.(相反，它关乎通过新习惯逐步构建改变，一次清理一件垃圾。)”可知，后文强调行动是逐步构建改变，F选项“Shifting from concern to action is not about altering people’s opinions.(从担忧到行动的转变，并非是要改变人们的观点。)”与后文“Instead”构成转折，明确从担忧到行动的核心不在于改变观点，而是养成习惯逐步行动，逻辑衔接紧密。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）It’s most people’s terrible dream: surviving a plane crash only to be left in a rainforest with no way of contacting the outside world. But this was 41 for four Colombian children, and in an unbelievable 42 of knowledge and willpower, they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were 43 with their mother. They were going to visit their father in the capital city. Their plane experienced engine problems and 44 on May 1, 2023. For two weeks, bad weather prevented the army from 45 the crash site. They found three adults there later, including the children’s mother, who were already 46 . How did these children survive conditions that would be 47 for most adults? They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous (土著) group and were 48 in the rainforest. As such, they have a complete 49 of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be 50 . They survived on a fruit called juan soco and seeds, and fed the baby water mixed with flour that they found on the plane. While the 51 got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. And after 40 days of 52 , the army found the children and took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota. Many around the world have taken this survival story to be a 53 , while others point out that it is the result of an ancient and thorough knowledge of the 54 that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous groups have a deep respect for the forest and, 55 , their close connection to the rainforest helped the children to survive. 41．(1分)A．hope B．responsibility C．punishment D．reality 42．(1分)A．story B．report C．place D．celebration 43．(1分)A．playing B．flying C．exploring D．resting 44．(1分)A．went missing B．sped up C．took off D．circled around 45．(1分)A．recording B．choosing C．finding D．rebuilding 46．(1分)A．dead B．late C．tired D．asleep 47．(1分)A．normal B．favorable C．unreasonable D．unimaginable 48．(1分)A．raised B．caught C．protected D．lost 49．(1分)A．control B．map C．knowledge D．view 50．(1分)A．studied B．avoided C．planted D．sold 51．(1分)A．villagers B．media C．government D．children 52．(1分)A．waiting B．searching C．recovery D．practice 53．(1分)A．joke B．secret C．wonder D．challenge 54．(1分)A．world B．forest C．village D．tradition 55．(1分)A．surprisingly B．possibly C．undoubtedly D．unavoidably 【答案】 41．D 42．A 43．B 44．A 45．C 46．A 47．D 48．A 49．C 50．B 51．D 52．B 53．C 54．B 55．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了四名哥伦比亚土著儿童在雨林中依靠传统知识生存40天最终获救的故事。 【详解】41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，对于四个哥伦比亚孩子来说，这是现实，在一个不可思议的知识和意志力的故事中，他们活了下来。A. hope希望；B. responsibility责任；C. punishment惩罚；D. reality现实。根据本句句首的转折词“But”和后文“they survived”可知，这些孩子真的经历了这样的事情，所以这是现实。故选D。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，对于四个哥伦比亚孩子来说，这是现实，在一个不可思议的知识和意志力的故事中，他们活了下来。A. story故事；B. report报告；C. place地方；D. celebration庆祝。根据后文“Many around the world have taken this survival story to be a 　 13　　,”可知，文章讲述的是飞机失事后被困在丛林里的四个孩子幸存下来的故事。故选A。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些孩子分别是13岁、9岁和4岁，还有一个11个月大的婴儿，他们和母亲一起乘飞机。A. playing玩；B. flying飞；C. exploring探索；D. resting休息。根据后文“Their plane experienced engine problems”可知，他们乘坐的是飞机。故选B。 44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：2023年5月1日，他们的飞机发动机出现问题并失踪了。A. went missing失踪；B. sped up加速；C. took off起飞；D. circled around绕圈。根据后文“For two weeks, bad weather prevented the army from 　　5　 the crash site.”可知，飞机遭遇了事故，失去了踪迹。故选A。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：恶劣的天气使军队两周内无法找到坠机地点。A. recording记录；B. choosing选择；C. finding找到；D. rebuilding重建。根据后文“They found three adults there later”可知，此处指军队因天气原因未能及时找到失事地点。故选C。 46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们后来在那里发现了三名成年人，包括孩子们的母亲，他们已经死了。A. dead死的；B. late迟的；C. tired累的；D. asleep睡着的。根据后文“How did these children survive conditions that would be 　7　　 for most adults?”可知，三个成年人，包括孩子们的母亲，被找到时都已经死了。故选A。 47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些孩子是如何在大多数成年人看来都难以想象的环境中生存下来的？A. normal正常的；B. favorable有利的；C. unreasonable不合理的；D. unimaginable难以想象的。根据前文“surviving a plane crash only to be left in a rainforest with no way of contacting the outside world”可知，孩子们在热带雨林且无法与外界联系的环境中生存了下来，这在大多数成年人看来都是难以想象的。故选D。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们是Huitoto土著群体的成员，在雨林中长大。A. raised抚养；B. caught抓住；C. protected保护；D. lost失去。根据前文“They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous (土著) group”及后文“They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be 　　10　　.”可知，这些孩子在热带雨林中长大，所以他们对热带雨林有全面的了解。故选A。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们对热带雨林有全面的了解。A. control控制；B. map地图；C. knowledge知识；D. view观点。根据后文“They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be 　　10　　.”及“while others point out that it is the result of an ancient and thorough knowledge of the 　　14　　 that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations.”可知，他们知道哪些水果可以吃，哪些植物应该避免，所以他们有对热带雨林全面的了解。故选C。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们知道哪些水果可以吃，哪些植物应该避免。A. studied学习；B. avoided避免；C. planted种植；D. sold卖。根据前文“They know which fruits are safe to eat”及后文“They survived on a fruit called juan soco and seeds”可知，他们知道哪些果实可以安全食用，哪些植物不安全应该避免。故选B。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们着手解决生存问题时，哥伦比亚军队与土著志愿者合作寻找他们。A. villagers村民；B. media媒体；C. government政府；D. children孩子们。根据后文“And after 40 days of 　　12　　, the army found the children and took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota.”可知，此处指孩子们努力求生。故选D。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过40天的搜寻，军队找到了孩子们，并将他们送往首都波哥大的一家军事医院进行康复治疗。A. waiting等待；B. searching搜寻；C. recovery恢复；D. practice练习。根据前文“the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them”及空后“the army found the children and took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota”可知，此处指军队搜寻了40天才找到孩子们。故选B。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界各地的许多人将这个生存故事视为一种奇迹，而另一些人则指出，这是几代人以来在土著社区中传承下来的对森林古老而彻底的知识的结果。A. joke笑话；B. secret秘密；C. wonder奇迹；D. challenge挑战。根据前文“They survived on a fruit called juan soco and seeds, and fed the baby water mixed with flour that they found on the plane.”及后文“And after 40 days of 　　12　　　, the army found the children and took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota.”可知，飞机失事后，四个孩子其中还有一个婴儿在雨林中度过了四十天，直到军队发现了他们，许多人认为这是一个奇迹。故选C。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界各地的许多人将这个生存故事视为一种奇迹，而另一些人则指出，这是几代人以来在土著社区中传承下来的对森林古老而彻底的知识的结果。A. world世界；B. forest森林；C. village村庄；D. tradition传统。根据前文“They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous (土著) group”及后文“Indigenous groups have a deep respect for the forest”可知，这几个孩子是土著人，他们对森林的了解让他们活了下来。故选B。 55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：土著群体对森林有着深深的敬意，毫无疑问，他们与热带雨林的紧密联系帮助孩子们生存了下来。A. surprisingly令人惊讶地；B. possibly可能地；C. undoubtedly毫无疑问地；D. unavoidably不可避免地。根据前文“Indigenous groups have a deep respect for the forest”以及后文“their close connection to the rainforest helped the children to survive”以及整个故事可知，他们与热带雨林的紧密联系无疑帮助孩子们生存了下来。故选C。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The restoration of polar ecosystems, a task far more challenging than 56(1.5分) (predict) by early environmentalists, has emerged as a global priority in recent decades. Unlike conventional conservation projects, 57(1.5分) focus on single species protection, this initiative aims to rebuild entire food webs, a goal that demands 58(1.5分) (cooperate) across scientific disciplines and national borders. The Arctic fox, one of the region’s most vulnerable species, 59(1.5分) (push) to the brink of local extinction due to habitat loss and climate change, but recent efforts 60(1.5分) (yield) promising results so far. What makes this project stand out is its emphasis on indigenous knowledge. Local communities, 61(1.5分) (live) in harmony with polar regions for millennia, possess insights that modern science alone cannot provide. For instance, their traditional methods of tracking ice floe movements have helped researchers identify areas where reintroduction programs are 62(1.5分) (likely) to succeed. Critics, however, warn that rapid intervention may disrupt natural processes, 63(1.5分) (argue) that ecosystems should be left to recover on their own. 64(1.5分) debates continue to rage, one thing is certain: the fate of polar ecosystems is intertwined with human actions. Only by combining scientific innovation with traditional wisdom 65(1.5分) we ensure the survival of these unique landscapes for future generations. 【答案】 56．predicted 57．which 58．cooperation 59．has been pushed 60．have yielded 61．having lived 62．most likely 63．arguing 64．While/Though/Although 65．can 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了极地生态系统的修复，并重点阐述了这一全球性议题的复杂性、创新方法及核心矛盾。 【详解】56．考查过去分词。句意：几十年来，极地生态系统的修复——这一任务远比早期环保主义者预测的更为艰巨——已成为全球优先事项。此处为“more challenging than+过去分词”结构，相当于“more challenging than it was predicted by early environmentalists”，predict 与逻辑主语a task之间是被动关系，故用过去分词predicted。故填predicted。 57．考查定语从句。句意：与只关注单一物种保护的传统保育项目不同，这项倡议旨在重建完整的食物网，这一目标要求跨学科与跨国界的协作。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为conventional conservation projects，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导。故填which。 58．考查名词。句意：同上。此处在句中作宾语，故应用名词“cooperation协作”。故填cooperation。 59．考查动词时态和语态。句意：北极狐作为该地区最脆弱的物种之一，因栖息地丧失和气候变化已被推向区域性灭绝的边缘，但迄今为止，近期的努力已取得了令人鼓舞的成果。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为Arctic fox，为单数，与push之间为被动关系，且根据“due to habitat loss and climate change”可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。故填has been pushed。 60．考查动词时态。句意：同上。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为efforts，为复数，与yield之间为主动关系，且根据时间状语so for可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填have yielded。 61．考查非谓语动词。句意：当地社区已与极地地区和谐共处数千年，他们掌握的认知是现代科学无法独立提供的。此处为非谓语动词作状语，local communities与live之间是主动关系，且live这个动作的动作发生在possess之前，故用现在分词的完成式having lived。故填having lived。 62．考查形容词最高级。句意：例如，他们追踪浮冰运动的传统方法帮助研究人员确定了重新引入项目最有可能成功的区域。此处表示“最有可能”，应用副词最高级most likely修饰 to succeed。故填most likely。 63．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，批评者警告，快速干预可能会破坏自然进程，认为生态系统应任其自行恢复。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，critics与argue之间是主动关系，故用现在分词arguing。故填arguing。 64．考查连词。句意：尽管争论仍在激烈进行，但有一点是肯定的：极地生态系统的命运与人类行为息息相关。此处表示让步关系，意为“尽管”，所以此处使用while/though/although引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。 65．考查情态动词。句意：只有将科学创新与传统智慧相结合，我们才能为子孙后代确保这些独特生态景观的存续。此处为“only + 介词短语”置于句首，句子用部分倒装，结合句意 “只有通过将科学创新与传统智慧相结合，我们才能确保这些独特的景观为后代所存活”，故此处应用情态动词can。故填can。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是校学生会主席李华。近日，你校一名交换生Chris因校园鸟鸣干扰学习，致信学生会建议拆除鸟巢。请你用英文给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 表明态度； 2. 简要陈述理由。 写作要求： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Chris, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Possible version 1: Dear Chris, We have received your letter requesting the removal of bird nests on campus. We feel really sorry for the disturbance that the bird songs bring you, but we can’t grant the request. To begin with, bird songs are nature’s rhythm and coexisting with other species is an essential part of growing up. Besides, disturbance can become memories, which will become a cherished part of your life. More importantly, the ultimate goal of education is not to make the world adapt to us, but to help us learn to live with the world. We suggest you adjust your mindset and regard bird songs as natural background music. Let us show respect for every small life and grow into more tolerant and gentle people. Yours, Li Hua Possible version 2: Dear Chris, We have received your letter requesting the removal of bird nests on campus. We feel really sorry for the disturbance that the bird songs bring you. After a serious discussion, we decide to grant your request. Admittedly, constant bird songs are a major distraction, as they will undoubtedly slow down your progress and reduce your learning efficiency. To solve the problem effectively, our school will arrange for professionals to remove the nests and relocate the birds to a wooded area away from classrooms. I sincerely hope this solution will help you study better. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以校学生会主席李华的身份，给交换生Chris写回信，针对其因校园鸟鸣干扰学习、建议拆除鸟巢的请求表明态度，并简要陈述理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 打扰：disturbance → interruption 同意：grant → approve 珍贵的：cherished → treasured 最终的：ultimate → eventual 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We have received your letter requesting the removal of bird nests on campus. 拓展句：We have received your letter where you request the removal of bird nests on campus. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Besides, disturbance can become memories, which will become a cherished part of your life.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】We suggest you adjust your mindset and regard bird songs as natural background music.(运用了省略连接词that的宾语从句) 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Growing up in Pennsylvania, my family had a unique hobby: recovering wild animals. Our home was often crowded with the presence of raccoons (浣熊) and even a fox that hung about freely among us. These early experiences with wildlife caused a deep-seated passion for animals in me, one that eventually led to an intense fascination with marine life. The process of caring for these animals involved not only feeding and nurturing them back to health but also learning about their habits and behaviors. It was this hands-on experience that taught me the importance of patience, observation, and respect for nature. During family vacations to Bermuda, I would spend countless hours watching whales from the shore, attracted by their grace and mystery. Today, after more than three decades, I continue to study whales and currently serve as the president of the Center for Cetacean Research and Conservation, primarily based in the Cook Islands and Bermuda. My work focuses on understanding whale behavior, migration (迁徙) patterns, and how we can better protect these gentle whales. In 2023, I set out on an ambitious project to create a documentary about whale conservation around Rarotonga, in the Cook Islands. Joining me on this voyage was my longtime friend and colleague, Liam. Together, we aimed to capture amazing footage of my interactions with humpback (座头鲸) whales, which usually involved me quietly slipping into the water to observe and cautiously record their behavior. That day, from our boat, we spotted a couple of humpbacks swimming not too far off. Deciding to get closer, I wore just a snorkel mask and a GoPro camera and slipped into the ocean, eager to document these awe-inspiring creatures up close. As I swam towards them, I felt a mix of excitement and admiration. Each stroke brought me nearer to these huge beings whose songs could be weakly heard echoing through the water. Liam remained on the boat, ready to assist if needed, his eyes fixed on me through a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜). 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 As I approached, one of the male humpbacks swam directly toward me. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly I noticed another shape in the water—an 18-foot man-eating shark! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       As I approached, one of the male humpbacks swam directly toward me. Its massive body loomed large, yet its movements were surprisingly gentle. I could see the barnacles clinging to its skin and the scars from past encounters. It seemed curious about me, too, slowing down as it got closer. I held my breath, trying not to startle it. Then, to my amazement, it let out a low, mournful song that vibrated through the water, sending shivers down my spine. I quickly adjusted my GoPro, determined to capture this once-in-a-lifetime moment.       Suddenly I noticed another shape in the water—an 18-foot man-eating shark! Fear shot through me. The shark circled menacingly, its cold eyes fixed on me. I knew I had to stay calm. The humpback, sensing the danger, positioned itself between me and the shark. It thrashed its powerful tail, creating a strong current that pushed the shark back. The shark lunged a few times but was no match for the humpback’s strength. With a final angry snap, the shark swam away. I swam back to the boat as fast as I could, filled with gratitude for my unexpected protector. This encounter would be a powerful story to tell for whale conservation. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述作者成长于宾夕法尼亚，家庭热衷救助野生动物，由此萌生对动物的热爱，尤其痴迷海洋生物。三十余年后，身为鲸类研究保护中心主任，专注研究鲸类行为与保护。2023年在库克群岛开展鲸鱼保护纪录片拍摄，与座头鲸近距离接触，记录珍贵画面。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当我靠近时，一头雄性座头鲸径直向我游来。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：作者接近雄性座头鲸时，它动作轻柔且好奇，随后发出歌声，作者急忙拍摄这珍贵瞬间。 ②由第二段首句内容“突然，我注意到水中有另一个身影——一条18英尺长的食人鲨！”可以预测续写这段主要内容：作者遇18英尺食人鲨，座头鲸护其驱鲨，作者脱险后心怀感激，此经历利于鲸类保护宣传。 2.续写线索：看到座头鲸——记录珍贵瞬间——食人鲨靠近——座头鲸驱鲨——心怀感激——宣传鲸类保护 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①看见：see/spot/catch sight of ②使惊吓：frighten/startle ③保持：stay/keep 情绪类 ①惊讶：surprise/astonishment/amazement ②感激：thankfulness/gratitude/appreciation 【点睛】[高分句型1] I held my breath, trying not to startle it.（运用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型2] Then, to my amazement, it let out a low, mournful song that vibrated through the water, sending shivers down my spine. （运用了that引导的定语从句和现在分词作状语） [高分句型3] The shark circled menacingly, its cold eyes fixed on me.（运用了独立主格结构） 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 6 Nurturing Nature（较难版02）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What is the woman’s attitude to the man’s suggestion? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. 2．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．The significance of recycling. B．The dangers of plastic products. C．The ways to live an eco-friendly life. 3．（本题1.5分）What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Guide and tourist. B．Lecturer and listener. C．Classmates. 4．（本题1.5分）What makes the man appreciate his dog? A．The dog protects his house. B．The dog is easy to take care of. C．The dog helps him get exercise. 5．（本题1.5分）What event did the man participate in? A．Waste recycling. B．Beach cleaning. C．Tree planting. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)What is Dr. Bradshaw’s possible focus? A．Saving endangered animals. B．Protecting the environment. C．Study rhino horn. 7．(1.5分)What does Dr. Bradshaw think should happen first? A．Help to reproduce. B．Education. C．Rescue animals. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)How did the woman start growing plants? A．She was given some by a neighbor. B．She wanted to try it since childhood. C．She needed a hobby after an injury. 9．(1.5分)What did the woman wish for most as a child? A．A bat. B．A pet. C．A pot. 10．(1.5分)Where does this conversation probably take place? A．At a garden center. B．In a plant market. C．At the woman’s home. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)Why are dogs prohibited on the beach? A．For safety concerns. B．For a clean environment. C．For the protection of birds. 12．(1.5分)What are the members doing in the nature reserve? A．Maintaining the order. B．Improving the housing. C．Counting the species of birds. 13．(1.5分)What can a member enjoy? A．Cash as a bonus. B．A free vacation. C．Certificated honor. （本题6分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)Who is the woman probably? A．A host. B．A researcher. C．A fisherman. 15．(1.5分)What percentage of the fish populations have decreased? A．30%. B．50%. C．90%. 16．(1.5分)What did the scientists use electronic devices to do? A．Track fish. B．Catch fish. C．Keep fish fresh. 17．(1.5分)How does the man feel about the future sales of the special fish? A．Doubtful. B．Confident. C．Confused. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)Why did Ningbo start the project? A．To promote ecotourism. B．To preserve old traditions. C．To beautify local environment. 19．(1.5分)Why were some residents hesitant about the project at the beginning? A．The project might cost too much. B．The changes might harm nature. C．They were used to their old lifestyle. 20．(1.5分)What does the progress of the project indicate? A．It gains community support. B．All the residents take part. C．It causes local unemployment. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Eco-friendly Disposable Plates Our planet faces a growing waste problem. Single-use plastic plates are major contributors. Eco-friendly disposable plates provide a practical solution. But what exactly are they, and why should we choose them? Let’s explore. Eco-friendly plates are made from natural, renewable materials that decompose quickly and safely. This means they break down into natural elements in a short time without harming the environment. Benefits of Using Eco-friendly Plates Switching to eco-friendly plates has many advantages. Here are some key benefits: ●Reduces Waste: Traditional plates take hundreds of years to break down. Eco-friendly plates break down in months. ●Lower Carbon Footprint: These plates use less energy and resources to produce. ●Safe for Health: Made from natural materials, they do not release harmful chemicals. ●Supports Sustainability: They promote the use of renewable resources. Materials Used in Eco-friendly Plates Eco-friendly plates come from various sustainable materials. Here are some common ones: Material Description Bamboo Strong, durable, and grows fast. Palm Leaves Leaves are collected, cleaned, and shaped into plates. Sugarcane A by-product of sugar production, biodegradable, heat-resistant. Areca Nut Leaves are molded into durable plates, no chemicals used. How to Choose the Right Eco-friendly Plates Consider these factors when selecting eco-friendly plates: ●Material: Choose a material that suits your needs. ●Durability: Check if the plates can hold hot and cold foods. ●Compostability (可堆肥性): Ensure the plates are certified compostable. ●Price: Compare prices to find a budget-friendly option. Eco-friendly disposable plates offer a simple way to help the environment. They are practical, safe, and sustainable. Make the switch today and join the movement towards a greener planet. 21．(2.5分)What advantage do eco-friendly plates have over plastic ones? A．They are costly. B．They break down faster. C．They are reusable. D．They produce less energy. 22．(2.5分)Which plates can handle hot items comparatively well? A．Bamboo plates. B．Palm leaf plates. C．Areca nut plates. D．Sugarcane plates. 23．(2.5分)What should we check when choosing eco-friendly plates? A．Whether they are handmade. B．Whether they are the cheapest. C．Whether they are hot or cold. D．Whether they are compostable. （本题10分）Tasha walked Eigg’s windswept shores, knowing visitors saw her island as treeless. It’s a bit of a misunderstanding and there’s certainly no shortage of trees on Eigg. Upon taking ownership of the island in 1997, Tasha and her community signed a Long-Term Forest Plan. It was not merely about planting trees, but about taking on the commitment to restore and protect the land for future generations. They battled daily to keep trees alive and successfully protected the woodland. Decades of effort, however, faced a critical test by 2017. Aging forests required renewal; Tasha refused to give in. In 2018, she transformed a windswept plot into Eigg’s first tree nursery (苗圃). “We’ll grow warriors born in this salt air,” she declared, selecting tough native nut trees. Early attempts struggled — rabbits bit baby trees, and storms knocked down young trees. Undiscouraged, Tasha has worked hard to involve everyone in the community: Volunteers built storm-proof fencing, children made protective tree guards from recycled materials, and farmers shared wisdom on soil survival. Slowly, strength took root. Saplings (树苗) nurtured through violent storms developed deep strong roots. Within five years, 35,000 locally grown trees have strengthened 31 new acres of woodland. The islanders witness the rewards. Planting trees and having access to woodlands encourages people to get active outdoors, improving health and well-being. They have the satisfaction of knowing they’re creating new woodlands for future generations to explore. There are economic improvements, too, with the creation of seasonal jobs in tree planting and site maintenance, and in the tree nursery itself. One rainy afternoon, Tasha found a village girl gently straightening a storm-bent tree. “Will it live?” the child whispered. “Yes,” Tasha replied, brushing rain from the small trunk. “Like us — it bends but won’t break.” With another 30,000 or so trees currently being grown in the nursery, Tasha and her community are certainly not slowing down. Her dream now shelters coasts far beyond Eigg and to neighboring islands. “We want to plant more trees, grow more trees and sell more trees,” she tells visitors. “And we’ll keep sharing our learning with the network of smaller nurseries out there.” 24．(2.5分)What did the Long-Term Forest Plan mean for Tasha and her community? A．A permit to live on the island forever. B．A formal warning of forests in danger. C．A business contract promising profits. D．A responsibility to re-green the island. 25．(2.5分)How did Tasha overcome the nursery’s problems? A．Introducing selected species. B．Tending to aging trees. C．Combining community efforts. D．Making collective planting tests. 26．(2.5分)What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Benefits brought by the nursery on Eigg. B．The expectation for a better life condition. C．The development of the nursery economy. D．Examples of protecting forests from storms. 27．(2.5分)What can describe Tasha according to her words to the girl and visitors? A．Humorous and tolerant. B．Determined and ambitious. C．Talkative and influential. D．Independent and passionate. （本题10分）The male western tanager (唐纳雀) looks like a little flame, while females are less showy, a dusty yellow. In the spring, they prepare to move thousands of miles to the Mountain West of Central America, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards. To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁徙动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. “In discussing climate change, we often focus on warming,” says Scott Loss, a co-author of the study. “But the length and timing of seasons — like when winter ends and spring begins — are some of the most dramatic effects of climate change.” Loss and his colleagues used satellite imagery from 2002 to 2021 to calculate the average start of spring green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species, and then compared that timing with the current green-up. They found that spring is indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes. “On the contrary, previous studies have mainly focused on songbirds in Eastern North America, ” says Morgan Tingley, an ornithologist at UCLA, “but this new investigation shows that bird species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的). ” “Part of it is knowing which species are vulnerable to various threats,” Loss says. “This adds to the knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. “It’s really important, if we can’t address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.” 28．(2.5分)What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To compare male western tanager and female ones. B．To explain why insects and berries are critical for birds during migration. C．To describe the physical appearance and migration route of western tanagers. D．To introduce the topic of how climate change affects migratory birds’ survival. 29．(2.5分)What may cause a direct threat to western tanagers’ survival? A．Global warming. B．The duration of changing seasons. C．Loss of habitats due to human activities. D．Decreased access to foods during migration. 30．(2.5分)What is unique about the new study on birds like western tanagers? A．It covers a wider geographic range. B．It reveals the decline in bird populations. C．It centers on the adaptation of bird species. D．It ensures the existence of a timing mismatch. 31．(2.5分)What does Loss suggest we do to safeguard migratory birds? A．Reduce the effects of climate change. B．Preserve ecosystems for bird species. C．Address emissions and habitat loss. D．Expand researches on threats to birds. （本题10分）Fish may have their own version of empathy. In a study published in the journal Science, researchers say the same mechanism responsible for human empathy might also be at play among fish. This suggests the human ability to understand and share another’s feelings could have evolved much earlier than previously thought — around 450 million years ago, when fish and mammals split on the evolutionary tree. Scientists have known that fear can spread throughout groups of fish in a phenomenon known as “emotional contagion (传染)”. This can be helpful if, for example, one fish spots a predator before others do — it can then alert its peers by acting distressed. But until now, scientists weren’t sure which biological systems led fish to catch onto another’s emotional state. To find out, they focused on zebrafish, which are often used in research. Scientists concluded the hormone oxytocin (催产素), which helps regulate social behavior and empathy in mammals, may also drive contagious fear in fish. In one of their experiments, the team removed genes linked to oxytocin production from some zebrafish, then let them observe other zebrafish that were acting afraid in another tank. Many of the genetically modified animals did not respond to their peers’ fear, while a control group of normal fish did. Then, when the researchers injected the genetically modified fish with oxytocin, they behaved more like the standard, unmodified fish and mirrored the fright behaviors of their peers. In another experiment, zebrafish appeared to pay more attention to videos of fish that had previously shown distress, as opposed to videos of fish that always appeared calm. This suggests the fish may have been emotionally connecting with their fearful peers — and possibly, researchers say, even trying to comfort them. Finally, the researchers dissected (解剖) zebrafish brains and, after examining the tissue under a microscope, found that the two areas most involved in emotional contagion were similar to the mammalian brain regions associated with empathy. The findings suggest that fish could be sentient, like humans and other species. “They have the ability to have an emotional life,” says Hans Hofmann, a neurobiologist at the University of Texas at Austin who was not involved in the research. 32．(2.5分)What does human-fish empathy similarity indicate? A．Fish lost the ability to feel emotions during evolution. B．Mammals learned empathetic behavior by observing fish. C．Fish may possess empathy-like abilities rooted in evolution. D．Fish developed empathy separately after splitting from mammals. 33．(2.5分)What role does oxytocin play in zebrafish according to the study? A．It enhances their swimming speed. B．It shapes their response to peers’ fear. C．It helps them detect predators faster. D．It reduces their need for social interaction. 34．(2.5分)How did the researchers reach their conclusion? A．By analyzing data. B．By making comparisons. C．By building models. D．By conducting surveys. 35．(2.5分)The underlined word “sentient” in the last paragraph most likely means ________. A．capable of physical adaptation B．dependent on group survival C．skilled at avoiding predators D．able to perceive and feel emotions （本题12.5分）Many people are concerned about environmental protection. But when it comes to taking practical steps, most people have no idea how to begin. This widespread situation is known as the intention-action gap. Research shows that over three-quarters of Americans are worried about plastic pollution, yet plenty of them remain uncertain about effective ways to offer help. 36(2.5分) Recent studies indicate that taking practical action — rather than merely talking — is vital for building trust and a sense of community. When people cooperate to solve shared problems, they gain a strong sense of self-assurance and feel more connected to one another. 37(2.5分) A typical example is the Clean Earth Challenge, which encourages people to collect rubbish and record the waste they pick up. Most participants said they grew more confident that individual efforts could bring positive change. The campaign grew rapidly by cooperating with major environmental organizations and various businesses. 38(2.5分) This figure means roughly 1.2 million pounds of waste are prevented from entering waterways and natural ecosystems. By providing clear, achievable actions, it turns overwhelming environmental worries into manageable daily tasks. 39(2.5分) It aims to reach wider audiences and foster an environmental-care culture. Those hoping to launch similar campaigns can find frameworks and creative ideas online. This method works especially well for businesses wanting staff involved in sustainability projects. On our planet, countless people feel worn out or anxious about environmental conditions. 40(2.5分) Instead, it is about building change step-by-step through new habits, one piece of waste at a time. A．This campaign keeps expanding its influence. B．How are they able to turn worries into real action? C．Put simply, taking part helps people build confidence. D．What approaches can be adopted to deal with this plastic issue? E．This campaign successfully turned eco-anxiety into positive progress. F．Shifting from concern to action is not about altering people’s opinions. G．So far, volunteers have cleared 11 million pieces of rubbish from surroundings. 三、完形填空 （本题15分）It’s most people’s terrible dream: surviving a plane crash only to be left in a rainforest with no way of contacting the outside world. But this was 41 for four Colombian children, and in an unbelievable 42 of knowledge and willpower, they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were 43 with their mother. They were going to visit their father in the capital city. Their plane experienced engine problems and 44 on May 1, 2023. For two weeks, bad weather prevented the army from 45 the crash site. They found three adults there later, including the children’s mother, who were already 46 . How did these children survive conditions that would be 47 for most adults? They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous (土著) group and were 48 in the rainforest. As such, they have a complete 49 of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be 50 . They survived on a fruit called juan soco and seeds, and fed the baby water mixed with flour that they found on the plane. While the 51 got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. And after 40 days of 52 , the army found the children and took them to recover at a military hospital in the city of Bogota. Many around the world have taken this survival story to be a 53 , while others point out that it is the result of an ancient and thorough knowledge of the 54 that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous groups have a deep respect for the forest and, 55 , their close connection to the rainforest helped the children to survive. 41．(1分)A．hope B．responsibility C．punishment D．reality 42．(1分)A．story B．report C．place D．celebration 43．(1分)A．playing B．flying C．exploring D．resting 44．(1分)A．went missing B．sped up C．took off D．circled around 45．(1分)A．recording B．choosing C．finding D．rebuilding 46．(1分)A．dead B．late C．tired D．asleep 47．(1分)A．normal B．favorable C．unreasonable D．unimaginable 48．(1分)A．raised B．caught C．protected D．lost 49．(1分)A．control B．map C．knowledge D．view 50．(1分)A．studied B．avoided C．planted D．sold 51．(1分)A．villagers B．media C．government D．children 52．(1分)A．waiting B．searching C．recovery D．practice 53．(1分)A．joke B．secret C．wonder D．challenge 54．(1分)A．world B．forest C．village D．tradition 55．(1分)A．surprisingly B．possibly C．undoubtedly D．unavoidably 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The restoration of polar ecosystems, a task far more challenging than 56(1.5分) (predict) by early environmentalists, has emerged as a global priority in recent decades. Unlike conventional conservation projects, 57(1.5分) focus on single species protection, this initiative aims to rebuild entire food webs, a goal that demands 58(1.5分) (cooperate) across scientific disciplines and national borders. The Arctic fox, one of the region’s most vulnerable species, 59(1.5分) (push) to the brink of local extinction due to habitat loss and climate change, but recent efforts 60(1.5分) (yield) promising results so far. What makes this project stand out is its emphasis on indigenous knowledge. Local communities, 61(1.5分) (live) in harmony with polar regions for millennia, possess insights that modern science alone cannot provide. For instance, their traditional methods of tracking ice floe movements have helped researchers identify areas where reintroduction programs are 62(1.5分) (likely) to succeed. Critics, however, warn that rapid intervention may disrupt natural processes, 63(1.5分) (argue) that ecosystems should be left to recover on their own. 64(1.5分) debates continue to rage, one thing is certain: the fate of polar ecosystems is intertwined with human actions. Only by combining scientific innovation with traditional wisdom 65(1.5分) we ensure the survival of these unique landscapes for future generations. 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是校学生会主席李华。近日，你校一名交换生Chris因校园鸟鸣干扰学习，致信学生会建议拆除鸟巢。请你用英文给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 表明态度； 2. 简要陈述理由。 写作要求： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Chris, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Growing up in Pennsylvania, my family had a unique hobby: recovering wild animals. Our home was often crowded with the presence of raccoons (浣熊) and even a fox that hung about freely among us. These early experiences with wildlife caused a deep-seated passion for animals in me, one that eventually led to an intense fascination with marine life. The process of caring for these animals involved not only feeding and nurturing them back to health but also learning about their habits and behaviors. It was this hands-on experience that taught me the importance of patience, observation, and respect for nature. During family vacations to Bermuda, I would spend countless hours watching whales from the shore, attracted by their grace and mystery. Today, after more than three decades, I continue to study whales and currently serve as the president of the Center for Cetacean Research and Conservation, primarily based in the Cook Islands and Bermuda. My work focuses on understanding whale behavior, migration (迁徙) patterns, and how we can better protect these gentle whales. In 2023, I set out on an ambitious project to create a documentary about whale conservation around Rarotonga, in the Cook Islands. Joining me on this voyage was my longtime friend and colleague, Liam. Together, we aimed to capture amazing footage of my interactions with humpback (座头鲸) whales, which usually involved me quietly slipping into the water to observe and cautiously record their behavior. That day, from our boat, we spotted a couple of humpbacks swimming not too far off. Deciding to get closer, I wore just a snorkel mask and a GoPro camera and slipped into the ocean, eager to document these awe-inspiring creatures up close. As I swam towards them, I felt a mix of excitement and admiration. Each stroke brought me nearer to these huge beings whose songs could be weakly heard echoing through the water. Liam remained on the boat, ready to assist if needed, his eyes fixed on me through a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜). 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 As I approached, one of the male humpbacks swam directly toward me. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly I noticed another shape in the water—an 18-foot man-eating shark! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $