高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Revealing Nature（较难版02）

高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Revealing Nature（较难版02）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）Why do people plant trees in cities according to the woman? A．To clean the air. B．To provide a place for rest. C．To beautify the environment. 2．（本题1.5分）Why did the man buy the lemon tree? A．To produce fruit. B．To purify the air. C．To decorate his room. 3．（本题1.5分）When will the tomatoes be harvested? A．In a month. B．In 2 weeks. C．In 3 weeks. 4．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．The medical value of mushrooms. B．Different ways to cook mushrooms. C．The popularity of mushrooms as food. 5．（本题1.5分）What does the man dislike about birds? A．Their noise. B．Their wings. C．Their colors. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)When will the solar eclipse happen? A．At 2:50 pm. B．At 3:20 pm. C．At 3:10 pm. 7．(1.5分)Why does the woman go to get the paper? A．To keep the birds safe. B．To stop the birds singing. C．To protect her eyes. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What is the aim of the magazine according to the woman? A．To help with children’s school careers. B．To encourage people to save animals. C．To broaden children’s scientific and natural knowledge. 9．(1.5分)What does the woman say about blue whales? A．They’re color-blind. B．They have a longer history than dinosaurs. C．They can live for up to 90 years. 10．(1.5分)How does the man sound at the end of the conversation? A．Annoyed. B．Surprised. C．Uninterested. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 12．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 13．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)Where does the conversation probably take place? A．At Tom’s home. B．In Lisa’s garden. C．On a farm. 15．(1.5分)What does Tom say about the tomatoes? A．They are healthy. B．They taste sweet. C．They are a good size. 16．(1.5分)What does Lisa think is the most important to tomato growth? A．Soil. B．Watering. C．Sunlight. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17．(1.5分)What do people mean by saying they never dream? A．They forget about their dreams. B．They don’t want to tell the truth. C．They have important dreams. 18．(1.5分)Why did Tom stop having dreams? A．He got a serious heart attack. B．He was too sad about his brother’s death. C．He was frightened by a terrible event. 19．(1.5分)What is the speaker’s opinion about dreaming? A．It is very useful. B．It makes things worse. C．It stops the mind from working. 20．(1.5分)What is the function of dreaming according to the speaker? A．To sleep better. B．To recover from illnesses. C．To stay away from their problems. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Come Join Our Watch: Become a Citizen Scientist Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide food and shelter for a rich variety of marine life. They also protect millions of people from coastal flooding and storms. However, there are not enough scientists to monitor their health, and this is where you can help. CoralWatch, a citizen science program, uses the Coral Health Chart to measure changes in coral colour associated with coral bleaching. The chart is easy to use and allows anyone to get involved without special training. Steps to Use the Coral Health Chart Choose a random coral and select the lightest area. Find the closest colour match and record the colour code (代码). Then select the darkest area of the same coral and record that colour code. Try to monitor at least 20 corals per survey. Tips for Monitoring Avoid measuring the growing tips of branching and plate corals since they are naturally white. Do not monitor blue or purple corals because they have a different bleaching response. Corals are fragile animals. Do not touch or step on them. Use a flashlight when diving below 5m/15 feet due to color loss at depth. Don’t just record bleached corals. Aim for a representative sample of all coral colors. Reef Colour Score Distribution All data is publicly available in the global database at www.coralwatch.org. The bar graph above shows the distribution of colour scores for 20 surveyed corals on a particular reef. A healthy reef has a majority of scores of 3 and more. Don’t wait for coral bleaching to occur — monitoring healthy reefs is just as important. To get started, request your free Coral Health Chart online. 21．(2.5分)What is the purpose of the CoralWatch program? A．To collect data for government use. B．To train professional marine scientists. C．To spread knowledge of coral reefs. D．To engage citizens in coral monitoring. 22．(2.5分)What is advised when monitoring coral reef health? A．Including purple corals in surveys. B．Recording corals of various colors. C．Measuring tips of branching corals. D．Avoiding using an underwater light. 23．(2.5分)Why can the particular reef be considered healthy, according to the bar graph? A．Because 30% of the surveyed corals on it scored 3. B．Because 45% of the surveyed corals on it scored 4. C．Because 75% of the surveyed corals on it scored 3 and more. D．Because 85% of the surveyed corals on it scored 3 and more. （本题10分）For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. The author’s intention remains as mysterious (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn’t just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared — something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when science — then called “the new philosophy” — took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering(修补) as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. 24．(2.5分)How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript? A．Confused about the technical terms. B．Impressed with its detailed instructions. C．Discouraged by its complex structure. D．Shocked for her own lack of hand skills. 25．(2.5分)According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to ________. A．restore old workshops B．understand the craftsmen C．improve visual effects D．inspire the philosophers 26．(2.5分)Why does the author mention museums? A．To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B．To present the findings of old science. C．To highlight the importance of antiques. D．To emphasize the values of hand skills. 27．(2.5分)Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B．Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C．Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D．Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science （本题10分）Each species of whale has a distinct communication system that often varies within populations. Since humans have been researching and observing these forms of communication, a question has arisen: Could humans one day engage in acoustic (声音的) interactions with whales? To find out the answer, researchers from the Whale-SETI team have been exploring whale-to-human communication with humpback whales (座头鲸). When scientists recorded a humpback whale contact call, known as a “whup”, and played it underwater around their research boat, it was eye-opening for them to find a whale named Twain became a more than willing participant in the call-and-response exchange. Scientists produced a whup call. Twain would then respond with her own whup call to them. This was described as “conversation” in a PeerJ paper. “It might loosely translate to ‘hello’ or some sort of greeting call when other creatures come together or just to signal that they are in a certain location,” says Josephine Hubbard, an animal behaviorist with Whale SETI. In this case, it was as if Twain was either saying “hello” to scientists or “I’m over here.” But in both instances, she was responding to and engaging with whale signals that humans produced. She circled around the scientists’ boat and produced more signals before leaving. “What’s cool about her is that she could have left at any point, as it wasn’t an environment where she couldn’t leave, so she was choosing to be close to us,” said Hubbard. Humpback whales also produced “bubble (气泡) rings” close to boats suggesting that they were being playful and doing it in a relaxed manner. All the findings showed humpback whales enjoyed friendly encounters with humans. Of course, whether whales want to communicate with humans varies by the nature of the whale and by the situation. Just like some humans are more outgoing than others, this could also be true for whales, although this would need more research to understand. 28．(2.5分)What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To explain a new concept. B．To lead into the topic. C．To prove the researchers’ opinions. D．To show the popularity of humpback whales. 29．(2.5分)What may Hubbard agree with? A．Whales’ calls mean that danger is coming. B．Twain was forced to stay and respond to humans. C．The “whup” call is a greeting or location signal. D．It is impossible to understand whales’ real feelings. 30．(2.5分)Why did humpback whales produce “bubble rings” to boats? A．To show playfulness and relaxation. B．To show their sense of hunger. C．To warn humans to leave the sea area. D．To hunt fish near the research boats. 31．(2.5分)What is the passage mainly about? A．Ways to protect humpback whales in nature. B．Different kinds of calls made by large whales. C．The living habits of humpback whales in the ocean. D．Research on human-humpback whale communication. （本题10分）Small, colorless, and blind cavefishes inhabit underground waters throughout the eastern United States. In a new study, Yale researchers reveal insights into just how these distinctive cave residents evolved — and provide a unique method for dating the underground ecosystems where they reside. In an analysis of the genomes (基因组) of all known blind species, the researchers found that the different species colonized (定居) cave systems independently of each other and separately evolved similar features — such as the loss of eyes and color — as they adapted to their dark cave environments. Their findings are published in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution. By studying the specific genetic mutations (突变) that caused the fishes’ eyes to degenerate over time, the researchers developed a sort of “mutational clock” that allowed them to estimate when each species began losing their vision. They found that the vision-related genes of the oldest cavefish species, the Ozark cavefish, began degenerating up to 11 million years ago. This technique provides a minimum age for the caves, as the cavefish must have been living in underground waters when their eyesight started to devolve. To understand when the cavefish began populating caves, the researchers studied the fishes’ genomes, examining 88 vision-related genes for mutations. The analysis revealed that the various cavefish ancestries had completely different sets of genetic mutations involved in the loss of vision. This, they said, suggests that separate species colonized caves and adapted to those underground ecosystems independently of each other. “A number of the mutations we see in the cavefish genomes that lead to degeneration of the eyes are similar to mutations that cause eye diseases in humans,” said Thomas Near, senior author of the study. “There is the possibility for translational medicine through which by studying this natural system in cavefishes, we can collect insights into the genomic mechanisms of eye diseases in humans.” 32．(2.5分)What did Yale researchers discover about blind cavefishes? A．They evolved independently. B．They had identical mutations. C．They shared common ancestors. D．They developed at the same pace. 33．(2.5分)What is the function of the mutational clock? A．Estimating cavefish ages. B．Confirming the formation of caves. C．Identifying the time of vision loss. D．Improving the underground ecosystems. 34．(2.5分)What evidence shows cavefish species colonized caves separately? A．Diverse genome numbers. B．Similar mutation patterns. C．Different vision-loss mutations. D．Uniform genomic mechanisms. 35．(2.5分)What can be the best title for the text? A．Mutational Clock B．Cavefish Evolution C．Vision-Related Genomes D．Independent Colonization （本题12.5分）Stargazing offers a breathtaking connection to the universe, yet many people miss out on this experience due to a few easily overlooked factors. Anyone can enjoy an unforgettable journey through the universe. 36(2.5分) Avoid light pollution. Light pollution results from the overused or poorly directed artificial light produced by cities, streetlights, buildings, and vehicles. It creates a glowing mist that hides faint stars and other objects in the sky. No stargazer wants such an obstacle to spoil the view. 37(2.5分) If you’re observing from home, consider using professional instruments that direct light downward.Consider the moon. The moon, our closest neighbor in space, goes through a monthly cycle of phases that greatly affect stargazing conditions. The best time to observe the stars is during the new moon, when the moon is positioned between the Earth and the sun and remains invisible, leaving the sky at its darkest. 38(2.5分) Height matters. To get a clear view of the sky, it’s important to choose a location free from surrounding buildings. 39(2.5分) If traveling to the countryside isn’t an option, try to get to a higher spot. The rooftop of a tall building, for instance, can help you rise above nearby structures and improve your view. Look for accessible buildings in your area that might offer this advantage. 40(2.5分) Timing plays a key role in what you’ll see in the night sky. Winter generally offers the clearest skies because cold air holds less moisture-just remember to dress warmly. Summer skies bring a different set of star groups and often present a stunning view of the Milky Way. Beginners may find dusk, just after sunset, a good time to start, while serious stargazers with better equipment often prefer the late-night hours. A．Pick the right time. B．Take account of the season. C．Rural areas are ideal for this. D．All you need is a little preparation and knowledge. E．Using a telescope can greatly enhance your viewing experience. F．It’s best to avoid nights with a full moon for better star visibility. G．If possible, visit a dark park that is specially meant for stargazing. 三、完形填空 （本题15分）At the age of ten, most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons. Jo Nagai, however, 41 to raise swallowtail caterpillars (凤蝶幼虫) in his own home. What started as a childhood curiosity soon turned into a 42 breakthrough that astonished scientists worldwide. Jo designed a simple but clever experiment. He 43 caterpillars to connect a particular scent (气味) with an unpleasant experience. After the caterpillars 44 into butterflies, he tested them again. Scientists had always assumed that memories would disappear during this dramatic change, when a caterpillar literally breaks down and 45 itself inside the chrysalis (蛹). To everyone’s 46 , many butterflies still avoided the scent. Somehow, their memories had 47 the transformation. But Jo was not 48 with this discovery alone. He decided to push his research further. Jo 49 the experiment and examined the second generation. He wanted to know if the butterflies’ offspring (后代) would also 50 the same smell. The results were clear: the learned responses had been 51 to the next generation. This finding suggests something 52 about nature. Although butterflies do not 53 teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations. Jo Nagai’s story reminds us that scientific discovery has no 54 limit. With patience, creativity, and careful observation, even a young student can challenge established beliefs and 55 our understanding of the natural world. 41．(1分)A．hesitated B．pretended C．failed D．chose 42．(1分)A．medical B．scientific C．technological D．geological 43．(1分)A．trained B．killed C．counted D．followed 44．(1分)A．crashed B．divided C．transformed D．looked 45．(1分)A．rebuilds B．introduces C．protects D．recycles 46．(1分)A．regret B．surprise C．embarrassment D．relief 47．(1分)A．promoted B．delayed C．arranged D．survived 48．(1分)A．annoyed B．satisfied C．strict D．familiar 49．(1分)A．repeated B．published C．standardized D．funded 50．(1分)A．produce B．remove C．avoid D．absorb 51．(1分)A．held back B．given out C．figured out D．passed down 52．(1分)A．peaceful B．meaningful C．touching D．confusing 53．(1分)A．intentionally B．secretly C．successfully D．sincerely 54．(1分)A．space B．speed C．age D．size 55．(1分)A．block B．reflect C．assess D．expand 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese research team has recently made a breakthrough in developing “long-lifespan rice” by identifying the key gene (基因) and mechanism that enable wild rice 56(1.5分) (harvest) multiple times, and has successfully introduced this gene into a cultivated (栽培) rice variety. This latest 57(1.5分) (achieve) has been published in the international academic journal Science. According to 58(1.5分) paper, the Chinese team identifies two genes that help the wild rice Oryza rufipogon grow well year after year by adding these genes to the cultivated rice O. sativa, which gave it a key perennial trait (多年生特性): the ability to stop flowering and resume vegetative growth, instead 59(1.5分) dying off after flowering as annual plants 60(1.5分) (general) do. Experts say that while the genetic basis of rice longevity 61(1.5分) (reveal) so far, the research remains largely at a fundamental stage. 62(1.5分) (system) evaluations of yield, taste, and other characteristics have yet to be completed. Overall, the new rice is not intended to replace existing high-yield varieties, 63(1.5分) rather to serve as an addition to current farming systems. Still, experts say that “longevity rice” shows potential in low-productivity areas such as sloped farmland and hilly regions, 64(1.5分) the planting conditions are challenging but its characteristic could reduce labor input and help conserve soil, 65(1.5分) (offer) distinct ecological and economic value. 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）你校英语报开设了“Learning to Observe”栏目。请用英语写一篇黄豆芽（soybean sprouts）生长观察日记，并向该栏目投稿，内容包括: 1.观察过程； 2.你的体会。 注意： 1.词数80个左右； 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Growing up in Pennsylvania, my family had a unique hobby: recovering wild animals. Our home was often crowded with the presence of raccoons (浣熊) and even a fox that hung about freely among us. These early experiences with wildlife caused a deep-seated passion for animals in me, one that eventually led to an intense fascination with marine life. The process of caring for these animals involved not only feeding and nurturing them back to health but also learning about their habits and behaviors. It was this hands-on experience that taught me the importance of patience, observation, and respect for nature. During family vacations to Bermuda, I would spend countless hours watching whales from the shore, attracted by their grace and mystery. Today, after more than three decades, I continue to study whales and currently serve as the president of the Center for Cetacean Research and Conservation, primarily based in the Cook Islands and Bermuda. My work focuses on understanding whale behavior, migration (迁徙) patterns, and how we can better protect these gentle whales. In 2023, I set out on an ambitious project to create a documentary about whale conservation around Rarotonga, in the Cook Islands. Joining me on this voyage was my longtime friend and colleague, Liam. Together, we aimed to capture amazing footage of my interactions with humpback (座头鲸) whales, which usually involved me quietly slipping into the water to observe and cautiously record their behavior. That day, from our boat, we spotted a couple of humpbacks swimming not too far off. Deciding to get closer, I wore just a snorkel mask and a GoPro camera and slipped into the ocean, eager to document these awe-inspiring creatures up close. As I swam towards them, I felt a mix of excitement and admiration. Each stroke brought me nearer to these huge beings whose songs could be weakly heard echoing through the water. Liam remained on the boat, ready to assist if needed, his eyes fixed on me through a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜). 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 As I approached, one of the male humpbacks swam directly toward me. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly I noticed another shape in the water—an 18-foot man-eating shark! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Revealing Nature（较难版02）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）Why do people plant trees in cities according to the woman? A．To clean the air. B．To provide a place for rest. C．To beautify the environment. 【答案】A 【原文】M: I didn’t expect to see so many trees in a city. W: Trees are planted in cities to take in harmful gases and give out oxygen. They are really important. M: Sure. Trees also make cities more beautiful, and people can have a rest under the shade. 2．（本题1.5分）Why did the man buy the lemon tree? A．To produce fruit. B．To purify the air. C．To decorate his room. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Wow, the lemon tree turns out to be a great decoration in your room. M: Well, that’s not why I bought it. You see, the fresh smell of lemons fills the air around the lemon tree, which can improve air quality in the room. 3．（本题1.5分）When will the tomatoes be harvested? A．In a month. B．In 2 weeks. C．In 3 weeks. 【答案】B 【原文】W: I haven’t seen you for a month, Ingram. Oh, your tomato plants grow so well. M: So they do. They were small just three weeks ago. W: I think you’ll have a good harvest in half a month. M: You’re right. 4．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．The medical value of mushrooms. B．Different ways to cook mushrooms. C．The popularity of mushrooms as food. 【答案】A 【原文】M: Do you know the function of mushrooms? W: You mean they serve as food providing energy? M: No. I heard some mushrooms are becoming popular as medicine for physical problems and mental illnesses like depression. 5．（本题1.5分）What does the man dislike about birds? A．Their noise. B．Their wings. C．Their colors. 【答案】A 【原文】W: I love listening to the birds singing in the morning. I often watch them flying from branch to branch. M: I like them too. They have lovely colorful wings, but I wish they would be quieter. They always wake me up too early. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)When will the solar eclipse happen? A．At 2:50 pm. B．At 3:20 pm. C．At 3:10 pm. 7．(1.5分)Why does the woman go to get the paper? A．To keep the birds safe. B．To stop the birds singing. C．To protect her eyes. 【答案】6．B 7．C 【原文】M: It’s said that 70% of the sky will be covered by the biggest solar eclipse in America this century, but it looks perfectly normal. Are you sure we’ll be able to see it in this area? W: It isn’t time yet. You have no patience. They said it would be at 20 minutes past 3. We still have another 10 minutes or so. M: Is it true that the birds are going to stop singing? W: I’ll believe it when I see it, or rather, hear it. I’m going to go and get the paper to see with it. M: That’s what you’ve been doing all morning? W: Yeah, well, they said you could go blind looking at it directly, so this is the safest way. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What is the aim of the magazine according to the woman? A．To help with children’s school careers. B．To encourage people to save animals. C．To broaden children’s scientific and natural knowledge. 9．(1.5分)What does the woman say about blue whales? A．They’re color-blind. B．They have a longer history than dinosaurs. C．They can live for up to 90 years. 10．(1.5分)How does the man sound at the end of the conversation? A．Annoyed. B．Surprised. C．Uninterested. 【答案】8．C 9．C 10．B 【原文】M: Hi, Becky, you seem so focused. What are you doing? W: Hi, James. I am reading a magazine named National Geographic Kids. Have you ever read it? M: I’m afraid not. What’s it about? Is it interesting? W: Yeah. It is aimed at young children and helps them learn more about science and nature. M: Wow. So what have you learned from the magazine? W: Ha-ha. I just got some facts about animals, which are strange but true. Do you know what the largest animal in the world is? M: Blue whales? W: Bingo! They’re even bigger than some dinosaurs, and their life expectancy is 80 to 90. However, its history is not as long as dinosaurs. Besides, I just learned that a bat can eat up to 3,000 insects in one night. You know what? The color red doesn’t really make bulls angry because they’re color-blind. But blue whales aren’t. M: Really? I couldn’t believe my ears! （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 12．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 13．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. 【答案】11．A 12．A 13．B 【原文】W: Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper? M: Yes. Researchers have recently published a new study about the source of honey. W: Flowers? I just know that without flowers, our food supply would be in trouble. M: Exactly. Now flowers can help humans in another way. Researchers say planting flowers may help people with mental health problems. W: Really? Can we call it “Flower Therapy”? M: Yes! In fact, the U. S. government once had a program that taught soldiers returning from the First World War how to plant flowers. W: I know many soldiers have trouble dealing with the experiences of war. M: The program is not a new thing. Other countries also have similar programs. W: I will plant some flowers in our yard. M: Put your chair out, bathe in the sunshine and watch the flowers as they bloom. It’s really relaxing, right? W: Yes! That is what I want. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)Where does the conversation probably take place? A．At Tom’s home. B．In Lisa’s garden. C．On a farm. 15．(1.5分)What does Tom say about the tomatoes? A．They are healthy. B．They taste sweet. C．They are a good size. 16．(1.5分)What does Lisa think is the most important to tomato growth? A．Soil. B．Watering. C．Sunlight. 【答案】14．A 15．C 16．B 【原文】M: Hi, come in, Lisa. Wow, these tomatoes look amazing. Are they from your garden? W: Yeah, Tom. I’ve brought you some. You can put some in your salad tonight. M: Thank you very much. How could they get so big anyway? W: Actually I have a lot of gardening tips. Are you interested? M: Sure. W: Well, the first step is to make sure there is plenty of healthy soil. Also you need to plant them in a sunny area. M: That would be easy in my yard. W: Yes, besides, consistent watering is the most significant thing. Tomatoes need regular watering. But be careful not to overwater them. M: Got it. W: Also consider supporting them with sticks as they grow. It helps plants to grow upright. Are you thinking of growing your own tomatoes? I can guide you now. （本题6分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17．(1.5分)What do people mean by saying they never dream? A．They forget about their dreams. B．They don’t want to tell the truth. C．They have important dreams. 18．(1.5分)Why did Tom stop having dreams? A．He got a serious heart attack. B．He was too sad about his brother’s death. C．He was frightened by a terrible event. 19．(1.5分)What is the speaker’s opinion about dreaming? A．It is very useful. B．It makes things worse. C．It stops the mind from working. 20．(1.5分)What is the function of dreaming according to the speaker? A．To sleep better. B．To recover from illnesses. C．To stay away from their problems. 【答案】17．A 18．B 19．A 20．A 【原文】      M: Does everyone dream? Everyone does. When people say that they never dream, what they really mean is that they don’t remember their dreams or they don’t think their dreams are important. The reason behind is that they might have had nightmares or haven’t had a sound sleep. One of my patients named Tom said that he used to be a great dreamer, but suddenly he stopped having dreams. I asked him what happened. It turned out that his brother died by heart attack and later he dreamt about it once. He felt so sad. Generally, when there was some bad event and the dream about it was too terrible, people prefer not to dream about it. As long as you dream, even the dream is frightening. Your mind is working on it. My personal opinion about what dreams do is that they help us deal with our problems. We see certain events take place in dreams. When a person is having dreams, he or she can actually have a better sleep. Because dreaming is another form of brain functioning. Also, dreams can prevent people from some diseases and help with daily problems. So, have a good dream and enjoy it. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Come Join Our Watch: Become a Citizen Scientist Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide food and shelter for a rich variety of marine life. They also protect millions of people from coastal flooding and storms. However, there are not enough scientists to monitor their health, and this is where you can help. CoralWatch, a citizen science program, uses the Coral Health Chart to measure changes in coral colour associated with coral bleaching. The chart is easy to use and allows anyone to get involved without special training. Steps to Use the Coral Health Chart Choose a random coral and select the lightest area. Find the closest colour match and record the colour code (代码). Then select the darkest area of the same coral and record that colour code. Try to monitor at least 20 corals per survey. Tips for Monitoring Avoid measuring the growing tips of branching and plate corals since they are naturally white. Do not monitor blue or purple corals because they have a different bleaching response. Corals are fragile animals. Do not touch or step on them. Use a flashlight when diving below 5m/15 feet due to color loss at depth. Don’t just record bleached corals. Aim for a representative sample of all coral colors. Reef Colour Score Distribution All data is publicly available in the global database at www.coralwatch.org. The bar graph above shows the distribution of colour scores for 20 surveyed corals on a particular reef. A healthy reef has a majority of scores of 3 and more. Don’t wait for coral bleaching to occur — monitoring healthy reefs is just as important. To get started, request your free Coral Health Chart online. 21．(2.5分)What is the purpose of the CoralWatch program? A．To collect data for government use. B．To train professional marine scientists. C．To spread knowledge of coral reefs. D．To engage citizens in coral monitoring. 22．(2.5分)What is advised when monitoring coral reef health? A．Including purple corals in surveys. B．Recording corals of various colors. C．Measuring tips of branching corals. D．Avoiding using an underwater light. 23．(2.5分)Why can the particular reef be considered healthy, according to the bar graph? A．Because 30% of the surveyed corals on it scored 3. B．Because 45% of the surveyed corals on it scored 4. C．Because 75% of the surveyed corals on it scored 3 and more. D．Because 85% of the surveyed corals on it scored 3 and more. 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了名为CoralWatch的公民科学项目，号召普通民众以公民科学家的身份借助珊瑚健康图表监测珊瑚白化情况，详细说明了图表的使用步骤、监测注意事项，还借助柱状图展示珊瑚颜色评分数据并呼吁大众参与珊瑚监测工作。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“CoralWatch, a citizen science program, uses the Coral Health Chart to measure changes in coral colour associated with coral bleaching.(CoralWatch是一项公民科学项目，它借助珊瑚健康图表来测量由珊瑚白化引发的珊瑚颜色变化)”可知，该项目的目的是号召普通公民参与珊瑚监测工作。 22．细节理解题。根据原文Tips for Monitoring板块最后一条“Don’t just record bleached corals. Aim for a representative sample of all coral colors.(不要只记录已经白化的珊瑚。要采集能够代表所有珊瑚颜色的样本)”可知，监测过程需要记录不同颜色的珊瑚。 23．细节理解题。根据原文柱状图下方说明“A healthy reef has a majority of scores of 3 and more.(健康珊瑚礁的大部分珊瑚评分都达到3分及以上)”，再结合柱状图数据：分值2占15%、分值3占30%、分值4占45%、分值5占10%，30%+45%+10%=85%，由此可知这片珊瑚礁85%被调查珊瑚拿到了3分及以上的分数，因此它属于健康珊瑚礁。 （本题10分）For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. The author’s intention remains as mysterious (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn’t just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared — something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when science — then called “the new philosophy” — took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering(修补) as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. 24．(2.5分)How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript? A．Confused about the technical terms. B．Impressed with its detailed instructions. C．Discouraged by its complex structure. D．Shocked for her own lack of hand skills. 25．(2.5分)According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to ________. A．restore old workshops B．understand the craftsmen C．improve visual effects D．inspire the philosophers 26．(2.5分)Why does the author mention museums? A．To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B．To present the findings of old science. C．To highlight the importance of antiques. D．To emphasize the values of hand skills. 27．(2.5分)Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B．Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C．Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D．Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science 【答案】24．D 25．B 26．D 27．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了科学史学家宝拉・史密斯耗时五年复原失传技艺，她研究16 世纪法国手稿并付诸实践，期望联结艺术与科学，融合古今智慧以创新学习模式。 【详解】24．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “You simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says.(但令史密斯感到震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。“你根本无法通过阅读来理解这些手工作品，”她说。)”可推知，读了法国手稿后，史密斯对自身缺乏手工技能感到震惊。故选D项。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them.(重建几个世纪前工匠们的作品，可以揭示他们是如何看待世界的，他们家里的物品是什么，以及生产这些物品的车间里发生了什么。)”可知，根据史密斯的说法，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B项。 26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.(人们必须知道一件物品是如何制造的，才能保存它。更重要的是，重建可能是了解宝藏在时间磨损之前的样子的唯一方法。学者们在古希腊和罗马雕像的实践中看到了这种想法。这些雕塑被涂上了绚丽夺目的色彩。如果没有看到艺术作品最初的样子，我们就无法欣赏这些细节——史密斯认为，只有当你有一张路线图时，你才能做到这一点。)”可推知，作者提到博物馆是为了强调手工技能的价值。故选D项。 27．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.(史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能把我们现代最好的见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。)”可知，全文围绕史密斯重现古代手工技艺的研究展开，强调手工实践能帮助人们理解历史、解决当下问题，还能融合艺术与科学，让现代人结合祖先的手艺和现代洞见。C 选项Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists（手工技艺造就更优秀的科研者）精准概括了手工实践对科学研究和认知的促进作用，适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 （本题10分）Each species of whale has a distinct communication system that often varies within populations. Since humans have been researching and observing these forms of communication, a question has arisen: Could humans one day engage in acoustic (声音的) interactions with whales? To find out the answer, researchers from the Whale-SETI team have been exploring whale-to-human communication with humpback whales (座头鲸). When scientists recorded a humpback whale contact call, known as a “whup”, and played it underwater around their research boat, it was eye-opening for them to find a whale named Twain became a more than willing participant in the call-and-response exchange. Scientists produced a whup call. Twain would then respond with her own whup call to them. This was described as “conversation” in a PeerJ paper. “It might loosely translate to ‘hello’ or some sort of greeting call when other creatures come together or just to signal that they are in a certain location,” says Josephine Hubbard, an animal behaviorist with Whale SETI. In this case, it was as if Twain was either saying “hello” to scientists or “I’m over here.” But in both instances, she was responding to and engaging with whale signals that humans produced. She circled around the scientists’ boat and produced more signals before leaving. “What’s cool about her is that she could have left at any point, as it wasn’t an environment where she couldn’t leave, so she was choosing to be close to us,” said Hubbard. Humpback whales also produced “bubble (气泡) rings” close to boats suggesting that they were being playful and doing it in a relaxed manner. All the findings showed humpback whales enjoyed friendly encounters with humans. Of course, whether whales want to communicate with humans varies by the nature of the whale and by the situation. Just like some humans are more outgoing than others, this could also be true for whales, although this would need more research to understand. 28．(2.5分)What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To explain a new concept. B．To lead into the topic. C．To prove the researchers’ opinions. D．To show the popularity of humpback whales. 29．(2.5分)What may Hubbard agree with? A．Whales’ calls mean that danger is coming. B．Twain was forced to stay and respond to humans. C．The “whup” call is a greeting or location signal. D．It is impossible to understand whales’ real feelings. 30．(2.5分)Why did humpback whales produce “bubble rings” to boats? A．To show playfulness and relaxation. B．To show their sense of hunger. C．To warn humans to leave the sea area. D．To hunt fish near the research boats. 31．(2.5分)What is the passage mainly about? A．Ways to protect humpback whales in nature. B．Different kinds of calls made by large whales. C．The living habits of humpback whales in the ocean. D．Research on human-humpback whale communication. 【答案】28．B 29．C 30．A 31．D 【导语】本文主要讲的是科研团队实验发现，座头鲸可以回应人类播放的鲸类叫声，愿意和人类进行友好互动，但鲸鱼交流意愿存在个体差异，仍需更多研究。 【详解】28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Each species of whale has a distinct communication system that often varies within populations. Since humans have been researching and observing these forms of communication, a question has arisen: Could humans one day engage in acoustic (声音的) interactions with whales? To find out the answer, researchers from the Whale-SETI team have been exploring whale-to-human communication with humpback whales (座头鲸).(每一种鲸鱼都拥有独特的交流系统，同一物种的不同种群之间，这套系统往往还存在差异。由于人类一直在研究、观察这类交流方式，一个问题随之产生：人类是否有一天能和鲸鱼开展声音互动？为寻找答案，鲸类搜寻地外文明（Whale-SETI）团队的研究人员，一直在探索座头鲸与人类之间的交流。)”可知，第一段的主要作用是引出本文探讨的核心话题——人类与座头鲸的交流研究。 29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中Hubbard的原话“It might loosely translate to ‘hello’ or some sort of greeting call when other creatures come together or just to signal that they are in a certain location(这种叫声大致可以理解成‘你好’，或是某种碰面时的问候声，也可能只是用来示意自己所在的位置)”可知，她认为这种“whup”叫声大致可以翻译为“你好”或某种问候，或者是用来表明它们所在位置的信号。 30．推理判断题。根据文章第四段首句“Humpback whales also produced “bubble (气泡) rings” close to boats suggesting that they were being playful and doing it in a relaxed manner.(座头鲸还会在船只附近制造“气泡环”，这表明它们心情放松，在嬉戏玩耍。)”可知，座头鲸在船附近吐气泡环表明它们很调皮（playful），并且处于一种放松的状态（relaxed manner）。这与A选项（为了表现出调皮和放松）一致。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Since humans have been researching and observing these forms of communication, a question has arisen: Could humans one day engage in acoustic (声音的) interactions with whales? To find out the answer, researchers from the Whale-SETI team have been exploring whale-to-human communication with humpback whales (座头鲸).(由于人类一直在研究、观察这类交流方式，一个问题随之产生：人类是否有一天能和鲸鱼开展声音互动？为寻找答案，鲸类搜寻地外文明（Whale-SETI）团队的研究人员，一直在探索座头鲸与人类之间的交流。)”可知，本文主要讲的是关于人类与座头鲸之间交流的研究。 （本题10分）Small, colorless, and blind cavefishes inhabit underground waters throughout the eastern United States. In a new study, Yale researchers reveal insights into just how these distinctive cave residents evolved — and provide a unique method for dating the underground ecosystems where they reside. In an analysis of the genomes (基因组) of all known blind species, the researchers found that the different species colonized (定居) cave systems independently of each other and separately evolved similar features — such as the loss of eyes and color — as they adapted to their dark cave environments. Their findings are published in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution. By studying the specific genetic mutations (突变) that caused the fishes’ eyes to degenerate over time, the researchers developed a sort of “mutational clock” that allowed them to estimate when each species began losing their vision. They found that the vision-related genes of the oldest cavefish species, the Ozark cavefish, began degenerating up to 11 million years ago. This technique provides a minimum age for the caves, as the cavefish must have been living in underground waters when their eyesight started to devolve. To understand when the cavefish began populating caves, the researchers studied the fishes’ genomes, examining 88 vision-related genes for mutations. The analysis revealed that the various cavefish ancestries had completely different sets of genetic mutations involved in the loss of vision. This, they said, suggests that separate species colonized caves and adapted to those underground ecosystems independently of each other. “A number of the mutations we see in the cavefish genomes that lead to degeneration of the eyes are similar to mutations that cause eye diseases in humans,” said Thomas Near, senior author of the study. “There is the possibility for translational medicine through which by studying this natural system in cavefishes, we can collect insights into the genomic mechanisms of eye diseases in humans.” 32．(2.5分)What did Yale researchers discover about blind cavefishes? A．They evolved independently. B．They had identical mutations. C．They shared common ancestors. D．They developed at the same pace. 33．(2.5分)What is the function of the mutational clock? A．Estimating cavefish ages. B．Confirming the formation of caves. C．Identifying the time of vision loss. D．Improving the underground ecosystems. 34．(2.5分)What evidence shows cavefish species colonized caves separately? A．Diverse genome numbers. B．Similar mutation patterns. C．Different vision-loss mutations. D．Uniform genomic mechanisms. 35．(2.5分)What can be the best title for the text? A．Mutational Clock B．Cavefish Evolution C．Vision-Related Genomes D．Independent Colonization 【答案】32．A 33．C 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文主要介绍耶鲁大学研究人员通过洞穴鱼基因组研究，揭示洞穴鱼独立演化的过程，并研发突变时钟测算其视力退化时间，同时该研究对人类眼病研究有医学价值。 【详解】32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In an analysis of the genomes (基因组) of all known blind species, the researchers found that the different species colonized (定居) cave systems independently of each other and separately evolved similar features — such as the loss of eyes and color — as they adapted to their dark cave environments.(研究人员在对所有已知盲物种的基因组进行分析后发现，这些不同的物种各自独立地定居于洞穴系统，并在适应黑暗洞穴环境的过程中，分别进化出了相似的特征——例如眼睛和体色的退化)”可知，耶鲁大学研究人员发现这些盲穴鱼是独立进化的。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“By studying the specific genetic mutations (突变) that caused the fishes’ eyes to degenerate over time, the researchers developed a sort of “mutational clock” that allowed them to estimate when each species began losing their vision.(通过研究导致鱼类眼睛随时间退化的特定基因突变，研究人员开发了一种‘突变时钟’，使他们能够估算出每个物种何时开始失去视力)”可知，“突变时钟”的功能是确定视力丧失的时间。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The analysis revealed that the various cavefish ancestries had completely different sets of genetic mutations involved in the loss of vision. This, they said, suggests that separate species colonized caves and adapted to those underground ecosystems independently of each other.(分析显示，各种穴鱼的祖先拥有完全不同的、与视力丧失相关的基因突变组合。这表明不同的物种是彼此独立地定居于洞穴并适应地下生态系统的。)”可知，不同穴鱼拥有不同的视力丧失突变证据，证明了它们是分别定居洞穴的。 35．主旨大意题。文章开篇点明研究主题是关于盲穴鱼的进化，随后详细阐述了它们独立定居、平行进化、利用突变时钟推算时间以及对人类医学的潜在意义。B选项“Cavefish Evolution(穴鱼进化)”最能全面概括全文核心内容。 （本题12.5分）Stargazing offers a breathtaking connection to the universe, yet many people miss out on this experience due to a few easily overlooked factors. Anyone can enjoy an unforgettable journey through the universe. 36(2.5分) Avoid light pollution. Light pollution results from the overused or poorly directed artificial light produced by cities, streetlights, buildings, and vehicles. It creates a glowing mist that hides faint stars and other objects in the sky. No stargazer wants such an obstacle to spoil the view. 37(2.5分) If you’re observing from home, consider using professional instruments that direct light downward.Consider the moon. The moon, our closest neighbor in space, goes through a monthly cycle of phases that greatly affect stargazing conditions. The best time to observe the stars is during the new moon, when the moon is positioned between the Earth and the sun and remains invisible, leaving the sky at its darkest. 38(2.5分) Height matters. To get a clear view of the sky, it’s important to choose a location free from surrounding buildings. 39(2.5分) If traveling to the countryside isn’t an option, try to get to a higher spot. The rooftop of a tall building, for instance, can help you rise above nearby structures and improve your view. Look for accessible buildings in your area that might offer this advantage. 40(2.5分) Timing plays a key role in what you’ll see in the night sky. Winter generally offers the clearest skies because cold air holds less moisture-just remember to dress warmly. Summer skies bring a different set of star groups and often present a stunning view of the Milky Way. Beginners may find dusk, just after sunset, a good time to start, while serious stargazers with better equipment often prefer the late-night hours. A．Pick the right time. B．Take account of the season. C．Rural areas are ideal for this. D．All you need is a little preparation and knowledge. E．Using a telescope can greatly enhance your viewing experience. F．It’s best to avoid nights with a full moon for better star visibility. G．If possible, visit a dark park that is specially meant for stargazing. 【答案】36．D 37．G 38．F 39．C 40．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了如何通过一些准备和知识来享受难忘的观星体验。 【详解】36．由上文“Stargazing offers a breathtaking connection to the universe, yet many people miss out on this experience due to a few easily overlooked factors. Anyone can enjoy an unforgettable journey through the universe.(观星提供了与宇宙的惊人联系，然而许多人由于一些容易被忽视的因素而错过了这种体验。任何人都可以享受一段难忘的宇宙之旅。)”可知，上文提到观星能带来与宇宙的惊人联系，但很多人因一些因素错过，接着表明任何人都能享受难忘的宇宙之旅，本空应说明享受观星之旅所需的条件。D选项“你所需要的只是一点准备和知识。”能承接上文，符合语境。 37．由上文“Avoid light pollution.(避免光污染。)”及下文“If you’re observing from home, consider using professional instruments that direct light downward.(如果你在家观察，考虑使用将光线向下引导的专业仪器。)”可知，上文提出要避免光污染，下文说在家观察时使用专业仪器减少光污染，本空应说明为避免光污染可采取的具体行动。G选项“如果可能的话，参观一个专门为观星而设的黑暗公园。”能承上启下，符合语境。 38．由上文“The best time to observe the stars is during the new moon, when the moon is positioned between the Earth and the sun and remains invisible, leaving the sky at its darkest.(观察星星的最佳时间是在新月期间，此时月亮位于地球和太阳之间，不可见，天空最暗。)”可知，上文提到新月期间是观星最佳时间，因为此时天空最暗，本空应说明与月亮对观星影响相关的内容。F选项“为了更好地看到星星，最好避开满月的夜晚。”能承上启下，符合语境。 39．由上文“Height matters.(高度很重要。)”及下文“If traveling to the countryside isn’t an option, try to get to a higher spot.(如果去乡下旅行不是一个选择，试着找一个更高的地方。)”可知，上文强调高度对观星的重要性，下文说如果不能去乡下就找更高处，本空应说明与观星理想地点相关的内容。C选项“农村地区是理想的观星地点。”能承上启下，符合语境。 40．由下文“Timing plays a key role in what you’ll see in the night sky. Winter generally offers the clearest skies because cold air holds less moisture-just remember to dress warmly. Summer skies bring a different set of star groups and often present a stunning view of the Milky Way. Beginners may find dusk, just after sunset, a good time to start, while serious stargazers with better equipment often prefer the late-night hours.(时间在你在夜空中看到的东西中起着关键作用。冬天的天空通常最清澈，因为冷空气含有的水分较少——只要记得穿暖和点。夏日的天空会带来不同的星群，常常呈现出银河系的壮丽景色。初学者可能会发现日落后不久的黄昏是一个很好的开始时间，而拥有更好设备的严肃观星者通常更喜欢深夜。)”可知，下文主要围绕观星的时间展开，说明不同时间观星的不同情况，本空应说明与选择合适观星时间相关的内容。A选项“选择合适的时间。”能概括下文内容，符合语境。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）At the age of ten, most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons. Jo Nagai, however, 41 to raise swallowtail caterpillars (凤蝶幼虫) in his own home. What started as a childhood curiosity soon turned into a 42 breakthrough that astonished scientists worldwide. Jo designed a simple but clever experiment. He 43 caterpillars to connect a particular scent (气味) with an unpleasant experience. After the caterpillars 44 into butterflies, he tested them again. Scientists had always assumed that memories would disappear during this dramatic change, when a caterpillar literally breaks down and 45 itself inside the chrysalis (蛹). To everyone’s 46 , many butterflies still avoided the scent. Somehow, their memories had 47 the transformation. But Jo was not 48 with this discovery alone. He decided to push his research further. Jo 49 the experiment and examined the second generation. He wanted to know if the butterflies’ offspring (后代) would also 50 the same smell. The results were clear: the learned responses had been 51 to the next generation. This finding suggests something 52 about nature. Although butterflies do not 53 teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations. Jo Nagai’s story reminds us that scientific discovery has no 54 limit. With patience, creativity, and careful observation, even a young student can challenge established beliefs and 55 our understanding of the natural world. 41．(1分)A．hesitated B．pretended C．failed D．chose 42．(1分)A．medical B．scientific C．technological D．geological 43．(1分)A．trained B．killed C．counted D．followed 44．(1分)A．crashed B．divided C．transformed D．looked 45．(1分)A．rebuilds B．introduces C．protects D．recycles 46．(1分)A．regret B．surprise C．embarrassment D．relief 47．(1分)A．promoted B．delayed C．arranged D．survived 48．(1分)A．annoyed B．satisfied C．strict D．familiar 49．(1分)A．repeated B．published C．standardized D．funded 50．(1分)A．produce B．remove C．avoid D．absorb 51．(1分)A．held back B．given out C．figured out D．passed down 52．(1分)A．peaceful B．meaningful C．touching D．confusing 53．(1分)A．intentionally B．secretly C．successfully D．sincerely 54．(1分)A．space B．speed C．age D．size 55．(1分)A．block B．reflect C．assess D．expand 【答案】 41．D 42．B 43．A 44．C 45．A 46．B 47．D 48．B 49．A 50．C 51．D 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了乔永井通过实验发现蝴蝶记忆可遗传的科学故事。 【详解】41．考查动词。句意：然而，Jo Nagai选择在自己家里饲养凤蝶幼虫。A. hesitated犹豫；B. pretended假装；C. failed失败；D. chose选择。根据前文“most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons”以及“however”可知，大多数孩子玩乐，转折后说明他选择养幼虫。 42．考查形容词。句意：童年时的好奇心很快就变成了一个震惊全世界科学家的科学突破。A. medical医学的；B. scientific科学的；C. technological技术的；D. geological地质的。根据后文“astonished scientists worldwide”可知，Jo Nagai的发现震惊了全世界的科学家，说明这是一个科学突破。 43．考查动词。句意：他训练幼虫将一种特定的气味与不愉快的经历联系起来。A. trained训练；B. killed杀死；C. counted数；D. followed跟随。根据后文“to connect a particular scent with an unpleasant experience”可知，Jo Nagai让幼虫将一种特定的气味与不愉快的经历联系起来，这是对幼虫的训练。 44．考查动词。句意：幼虫变成蝴蝶后，他又对它们进行了测试。A. crashed碰撞；B. divided分开；C. transformed转变；D. looked看。根据后文“into butterflies”可知，幼虫变成了蝴蝶，transform into为固定短语，意为“转变成”。 45．考查动词。句意：科学家们一直认为，在毛毛虫发生巨大变化的过程中，记忆会消失，因为毛毛虫会在蛹中分解并重建自己。A. rebuilds重建；B. introduces介绍；C. protects保护；D. recycles回收。根据前文“when a caterpillar literally breaks down”可知，毛毛虫会在蛹中分解，然后重建自己。 46．考查名词。句意：令所有人惊讶的是，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味。A. regret后悔；B. surprise惊讶；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. relief宽慰。根据后文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味，这与科学家们的预期相反，因此令他们惊讶。 47．考查动词。句意：不知何故，它们的记忆在转变中幸存了下来。A. promoted促进；B. delayed延迟；C. arranged安排；D. survived幸存。根据前文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味，说明它们的记忆在转变中幸存了下来。 48．考查形容词。句意：但Jo并不满足于这一发现。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. satisfied满足的；C. strict严格的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“He decided to push his research further.”可知，Jo决定进一步推进他的研究，说明他对这一发现并不满足。 49．考查动词。句意：Jo重复了这个实验，并检查了第二代。A. repeated重复；B. published出版；C. standardized使标准化；D. funded资助。根据后文“the experiment and examined the second generation”可知，想要继续研究、观察后代，需要重复实验。 50．考查动词。句意：他想知道蝴蝶的后代是否也会避开同样的气味。A. produce生产；B. remove移除；C. avoid避开；D. absorb吸收。根据前文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，Jo想知道蝴蝶的后代是否也会避开同样的气味。 51．考查动词短语。句意：结果很清楚：学到的反应已经传给了下一代。A. held back阻碍；B. given out分发；C. figured out弄清楚；D. passed down传下来。根据后文“Although butterflies do not  ______  teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations.”可知，后代拥有相同反应，说明结果发现蝴蝶学到的反应已经传给了下一代。 52．考查形容词。句意：这一发现揭示了自然的一些有意义的东西。A. peaceful和平的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. touching感人的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据后文“Although butterflies do not  ______  teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations.”可知，这一发现揭示了自然的一些有意义的东西，即蝴蝶虽然不会像人类父母那样有意地教导后代，但它们的生活经历仍然可以影响后代。 53．考查副词。句意：虽然蝴蝶不会像人类父母那样有意地教导后代，但它们的生活经历仍然可以影响后代。A. intentionally故意地；B. secretly秘密地；C. successfully成功地；D. sincerely真诚地。根据后文“teach their young like human parents do”可知，人类父母会有意地教导后代，而蝴蝶则不会。 54．考查名词。句意：Jo Nagai的故事提醒我们，科学发现没有年龄限制。A. space空间；B. speed速度；C. age年龄；D. size尺寸。根据后文“even a young student can challenge established beliefs”可知，即使是一个年轻的学生也可以挑战既定的信念，说明科学发现没有年龄限制。 55．考查动词。句意：只要有耐心、创造力和仔细的观察，即使是一个年轻的学生也可以挑战既定的信念，扩大我们对自然世界的理解。A. block阻止；B. reflect反映；C. assess评估；D. expand扩大。根据后文“our understanding of the natural world”可知，Jo Nagai的故事提醒我们，科学发现可以扩大我们对自然世界的理解。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese research team has recently made a breakthrough in developing “long-lifespan rice” by identifying the key gene (基因) and mechanism that enable wild rice 56(1.5分) (harvest) multiple times, and has successfully introduced this gene into a cultivated (栽培) rice variety. This latest 57(1.5分) (achieve) has been published in the international academic journal Science. According to 58(1.5分) paper, the Chinese team identifies two genes that help the wild rice Oryza rufipogon grow well year after year by adding these genes to the cultivated rice O. sativa, which gave it a key perennial trait (多年生特性): the ability to stop flowering and resume vegetative growth, instead 59(1.5分) dying off after flowering as annual plants 60(1.5分) (general) do. Experts say that while the genetic basis of rice longevity 61(1.5分) (reveal) so far, the research remains largely at a fundamental stage. 62(1.5分) (system) evaluations of yield, taste, and other characteristics have yet to be completed. Overall, the new rice is not intended to replace existing high-yield varieties, 63(1.5分) rather to serve as an addition to current farming systems. Still, experts say that “longevity rice” shows potential in low-productivity areas such as sloped farmland and hilly regions, 64(1.5分) the planting conditions are challenging but its characteristic could reduce labor input and help conserve soil, 65(1.5分) (offer) distinct ecological and economic value. 【答案】 56．to be harvested 57．achievement 58．the 59．of 60．generally 61．has been revealed 62．Systematic 63．but 64．where 65．offering 【导语】本文主要介绍中国研究团队在培育多年生“长寿水稻”过程中取得的基因研究突破，说明了该研究的发展现状、定位和应用价值。 【详解】56．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国一支研究团队近期在培育“长寿稻”方面取得突破，他们找到了能让野生水稻多次收割的关键基因与作用机制，并已成功将该基因导入一种栽培水稻品种。“enable sb. /sth. to do sth. ”意为“使得某人或某物能够做某事”，宾语wild rice与动词harvest之间是逻辑上的被动关系，此处用不定式的被动式to be harvested作宾语补足语。 57．考查名词。句意：这一最新研究成果已发表在国际学术期刊《科学》上。此处指“研究成果”，作句子主语，谓语部分为has been published，前有单数指示代词This修饰，用单数名词，故用所给动词的名词achievement。 58．考查冠词。句意：根据该论文所述，这支中国科研团队找到了两种可使普通野生稻年年正常生长的基因，研究人员将这两种基因导入栽培稻后，栽培稻便获得了一项核心多年生特性：能够停止开花并恢复营养生长，而非像一年生植物通常那样，开花后就枯萎死亡。此处特指上文提到发表在《科学》上的那篇论文，用定冠词the。 59．考查介词。句意同上。instead of为固定介词短语，意为“而不是”，后接动名词dying off作宾语，此空填of。 60．考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰从句谓语动词do（代指die off），用副词generally作状语。 61．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：专家表示，虽然水稻长寿性的遗传基础迄今已被揭示，但这项研究在很大程度上仍处于基础阶段。根据时间状语so far可知，此处用现在完成时，主语the genetic basis of rice longevity与动词reveal是被动关系，主语为单数，用现在完成时的被动语态has been revealed。 62．考查形容词。句意：针对产量、口感及其他性状的系统性评估尚未完成。修饰名词evaluations需要用形容词；system是名词，其形容词形式为systematic，句首单词首字母大写。 63．考查并列连词固定结构。 句意：总体而言，这种新型水稻并非要取代现有的高产品种，而是作为现有耕作体系的补充。 固定结构not...but rather... 意为 “不是…… 而是……”，此空填连词but。 64．考查定语从句。句意：尽管如此，专家表示，“长寿稻” 在坡耕地、丘陵等低产区域具备发展潜力。这类地区种植条件艰苦，但该水稻品种的特性能够减少人力投入、助力水土保持，带来显著的生态与经济双重效益。该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为low-productivity areas，表地点，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。offer在句中作非谓语动词，动词offer与其逻辑主语（即空前的一整句话）之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式offering作状语。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）你校英语报开设了“Learning to Observe”栏目。请用英语写一篇黄豆芽（soybean sprouts）生长观察日记，并向该栏目投稿，内容包括: 1.观察过程； 2.你的体会。 注意： 1.词数80个左右； 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 In order to learn how soybeans grow into soybean sprouts, I grew some by myself. And here is my observation. When high-quality soybeans have been kept in clean water for ten hours, they begin to become soft and their colour becomes lighter. Then, when they are put in a container and kept in a place where there is no sunlight for one day, soft small buds start to appear. During the following three days, the buds gradually become longer and longer. On the fourth day, the buds completely grow into mature soybean sprouts. Watching the growth of soybean sprouts is a pleasure and I enjoy this process of observation. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以学生的身份，向校英语报“Learning to Observe”栏目投稿，用英语写一篇黄豆芽生长观察日记，描述观察过程并分享个人体会。 【详解】1.词汇积累 种植：grow→raise 出现：appear→emerge/show up 成熟的：mature→ripe/fully-grown 完全：completely→entirely 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：On the fourth day, the buds completely grow into mature soybean sprouts. 拓展句：It is on the fourth day that the buds completely grow into mature soybean sprouts. 【点睛】【高分句型1】When high-quality soybeans have been kept in clean water for ten hours, they begin to become soft and their colour becomes lighter. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句，以及keep+宾语+宾补结构的被动形式) 【高分句型2】Then, when they are put in a container and kept in a place where there is no sunlight for one day, soft small buds start to appear. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句，以及where引导的定语从句) 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Growing up in Pennsylvania, my family had a unique hobby: recovering wild animals. Our home was often crowded with the presence of raccoons (浣熊) and even a fox that hung about freely among us. These early experiences with wildlife caused a deep-seated passion for animals in me, one that eventually led to an intense fascination with marine life. The process of caring for these animals involved not only feeding and nurturing them back to health but also learning about their habits and behaviors. It was this hands-on experience that taught me the importance of patience, observation, and respect for nature. During family vacations to Bermuda, I would spend countless hours watching whales from the shore, attracted by their grace and mystery. Today, after more than three decades, I continue to study whales and currently serve as the president of the Center for Cetacean Research and Conservation, primarily based in the Cook Islands and Bermuda. My work focuses on understanding whale behavior, migration (迁徙) patterns, and how we can better protect these gentle whales. In 2023, I set out on an ambitious project to create a documentary about whale conservation around Rarotonga, in the Cook Islands. Joining me on this voyage was my longtime friend and colleague, Liam. Together, we aimed to capture amazing footage of my interactions with humpback (座头鲸) whales, which usually involved me quietly slipping into the water to observe and cautiously record their behavior. That day, from our boat, we spotted a couple of humpbacks swimming not too far off. Deciding to get closer, I wore just a snorkel mask and a GoPro camera and slipped into the ocean, eager to document these awe-inspiring creatures up close. As I swam towards them, I felt a mix of excitement and admiration. Each stroke brought me nearer to these huge beings whose songs could be weakly heard echoing through the water. Liam remained on the boat, ready to assist if needed, his eyes fixed on me through a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜). 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 As I approached, one of the male humpbacks swam directly toward me. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly I noticed another shape in the water—an 18-foot man-eating shark! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       As I approached, one of the male humpbacks swam directly toward me. Its massive body loomed large, yet its movements were surprisingly gentle. I could see the barnacles clinging to its skin and the scars from past encounters. It seemed curious about me, too, slowing down as it got closer. I held my breath, trying not to startle it. Then, to my amazement, it let out a low, mournful song that vibrated through the water, sending shivers down my spine. I quickly adjusted my GoPro, determined to capture this once-in-a-lifetime moment.       Suddenly I noticed another shape in the water—an 18-foot man-eating shark! Fear shot through me. The shark circled menacingly, its cold eyes fixed on me. I knew I had to stay calm. The humpback, sensing the danger, positioned itself between me and the shark. It thrashed its powerful tail, creating a strong current that pushed the shark back. The shark lunged a few times but was no match for the humpback’s strength. With a final angry snap, the shark swam away. I swam back to the boat as fast as I could, filled with gratitude for my unexpected protector. This encounter would be a powerful story to tell for whale conservation. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述作者成长于宾夕法尼亚，家庭热衷救助野生动物，由此萌生对动物的热爱，尤其痴迷海洋生物。三十余年后，身为鲸类研究保护中心主任，专注研究鲸类行为与保护。2023年在库克群岛开展鲸鱼保护纪录片拍摄，与座头鲸近距离接触，记录珍贵画面。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当我靠近时，一头雄性座头鲸径直向我游来。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：作者接近雄性座头鲸时，它动作轻柔且好奇，随后发出歌声，作者急忙拍摄这珍贵瞬间。 ②由第二段首句内容“突然，我注意到水中有另一个身影——一条18英尺长的食人鲨！”可以预测续写这段主要内容：作者遇18英尺食人鲨，座头鲸护其驱鲨，作者脱险后心怀感激，此经历利于鲸类保护宣传。 2.续写线索：看到座头鲸——记录珍贵瞬间——食人鲨靠近——座头鲸驱鲨——心怀感激——宣传鲸类保护 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①看见：see/spot/catch sight of ②使惊吓：frighten/startle ③保持：stay/keep 情绪类 ①惊讶：surprise/astonishment/amazement ②感激：thankfulness/gratitude/appreciation 【点睛】[高分句型1] I held my breath, trying not to startle it.（运用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型2] Then, to my amazement, it let out a low, mournful song that vibrated through the water, sending shivers down my spine. （运用了that引导的定语从句和现在分词作状语） [高分句型3] The shark circled menacingly, its cold eyes fixed on me.（运用了独立主格结构） 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $