高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Working the Land（较难版02）

高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Working the Land（较难版02）（原卷版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）Why does the woman thank the man? A．He paid her bill. B．He lent her some money. C．He returned her money. 2．（本题1.5分）What crop does the woman’s uncle plant? A．Beans. B．Cotton. C．Corn. 3．（本题1.5分） What are the speakers talking about? A．A medical research. B．A Nobel Prize winner. C．A new book. 4．（本题1.5分）Why was the woman worried? A．The boy cut a line. B．The boy went out alone. C．The boy told a lie. 5．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation take place? A．In a supermarket. B．On a farm. C．At home. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)What does Lily suggest Mr. Stenson doing? A．Using the pesticide. B．Changing the crop. C．Watering the fields. 7．(1.5分)What do we know about Lily’s uncle? A．He often shares his products. B．He lives far from Lily. C．He is good at farming. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)Which class are the speakers doing the project for? A．History. B．Science. C．Social studies. 9．(1.5分)Why does the man refuse to consider Benjamin Franklin as a good choice? A．The class have known a lot about him. B．Another group has chosen to study him. C．His personal life is not attractive enough. 10．(1.5分)Who do the speakers finally decide to write about? A．Elon Musk. B．Nikola Tesla. C．Thomas Edison. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 12．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 13．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)How does the woman feel at first? A．Curious. B．Surprised. C．Excited. 15．(1.5分)What in the forest made the man think about rotting? A．Flowers. B．Mushrooms. C．Trees. 16．(1.5分)How many colors of the mushrooms does the woman mention? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 17．(1.5分)When will the speakers return to the forest? A．On Thursday. B．On Friday. C．On Saturday. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)What is the speaker probably doing? A．Conducting an interview. B．Chairing a meeting. C．Teaching a class. 19．(1.5分)What did Guglielmo Marconi do in 1922? A．He won the Nobel Prize in Physics. B．He sent the first wireless message. C．He helped establish the BBC． 20．(1.5分)What was Charles Babbage’s achievement? A．He built the basis for modern computers. B．He helped write the first computer program. C．He invented the first electronic computer. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Women have long been pioneers of gardening, whether passing agricultural traditions from generation to generation or making significant contributions to science. Here are some who have left permanent marks on American horticultural history. Jane Colden In the 1750s, Colden became the first female American botanist. She is credited with naming and classifying hundreds of native plants in the Hudson River Valley. She drew each of the plants she named, and described them in detail in her book Flora of New York. Beatrix Farrand Known as the First Lady of American Society of Landscape architects, Farrand designed more than 100 gardens for private houses and gardening clubs. One of her best-known projects was the White House’s East Garden during the Wilson Presidency. In 1899, at age 27, the self-taught Farrand became the only woman among the founders of the American Society of Landscape architects. Carrie Lippincott To contribute to her family’s income, Lippincott started a seed (种子) business in 1886. Calling herself the “Pioneer Seedswoman of America”, she published the first seed catalog targeted to women, which featured a conversational introduction and pictures of women, children and flowers at a time when other catalogs were simply text on paper. She completely changed the way seeds were sold, which was soon copied by competing seed companies. Marie Clark Taylor In 1941, Taylor became the first Black woman to receive a Ph. D in botany in the United States. As an educator, she applied her research on the effect of light on plant growth to change the way high school science was taught. She encouraged the use of light microscopes in the classroom for the first time. In the mid-1960s, President Lyndon Johnson asked her to expand her teaching methods nationwide. 21．(2.5分)When was Beatrix Farrand born? A．In 1750. B．In 1872. C．In 1899. D．In 1941. 22．(2.5分)What can we know about the “Pioneer Seedswoman of America”? A．She was born into a wealthy family. B．She founded the first seed company. C．She improved the way of selling seeds. D．She was the first American garden architect. 23．(2.5分)What do Jane Colden and Marie Clark Taylor have in common? A．They are famous educators. B．They have had a doctorate degree. C．They are self-taught scientists. D．They have a wide knowledge of plants. （本题10分）Intensive work and frequent travel left Alfred Nobel little time for private life. At 43, he felt prematurely old and advertised for a mature, multilingual (会多种语言的) woman to serve as secretary and household manager. The ideal candidate, Austrian Countess Bertha Kinsky, worked briefly for Nobel before leaving to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. Despite this, Nobel and Bertha maintained a long epistolary exchange. Over the years, Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race. She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement. No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promoted peace. Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Parliament decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha. Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896. When his will was opened it came as a shock that his wealth was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. Two young engineers, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, were appointed executors (遗嘱执行人). They formed the Nobel Foundation to manage the funds and coordinate the awards, and this was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries. Alfred Nobel’s exceptional talent lay in his unique ability to merge the insight of a scientist and inventor with the enterprising spirit of an industrialist. Besides, Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered uncommon views in his era. He also possessed a profound love for literature and authored his own poetry and plays. The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime interests. 24．(2.5分)Who was Bertha mentioned in the text? A．A peace activist and Nobel Prize winner. B．Nobel’s long-term secretary and household manager. C．A manager of Nobel’s industrial enterprises. D．A relative who contested Nobel’s will. 25．(2.5分)What is the probable meaning of “epistolary exchange” in paragraph 2? A．A scientific experiment shared by mail. B．A precise academic paper. C．A public speech delivered internationally. D．A continuous written correspondence. 26．(2.5分)Why was Nobel’s will considered surprising? A．It appointed engineers as executors. B．It assigned his fortune to set prizes. C．It included a prize inspired by Bertha. D．It faced challenges from authorities. 27．(2.5分)Which of the following can best summarize the traits of Alfred Nobel? A．Industrious and visionary. B．Ambitious and materialistic. C．Practical but illiterate. D．Reclusive and dishonest. （本题10分）Greenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales went organic. Though the emissions of each farm would go down, much more food would have to be imported, as the amount they would produce would decrease greatly. “The key message from my perspective is that you can’t really have your cake and eat it,” says Laurence Smith, now at the Royal Agricultural University in the UK, who was part of the team that ran the numbers. Smith is a supporter of organic farming and says “there are a lot of merits of the organic approach”, but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too. Farming and changes in land use, such as cutting down forests, are responsible for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions. That means reducing farming emissions and the land needed for farming is required to limit further global warming. Smith and his colleagues found that emissions per unit of food are, on average, 20 per cent lower for organic crops and 4 per cent lower for organic animal products. However, organic harvests per hectare (公顷) are also lower on average. For wheat and barley, for instance, harvests are just half of those of conventional farms. This means 1. 5times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods. The estimated increase in emissions varies greatly, depending on where the extra farmland comes from. If only half comes from turning grassland into farms, the increase could be as low as 20 per cent. If grassland that would otherwise have been reforested is turned into farmland, emissions could nearly double. This doesn’t necessarily mean people should stop eating organic produce, says Smith. People might choose organic food for other reasons, such as to reduce their pesticide exposure (though contrary to popular belief, organic farmers do use pesticides) or for the sake of wildlife. Going 100 per cent organic could also harm global biodiversity. The extra land used for farming would mean the land available for wildlife would be smaller and more fragmented (碎片化的) . Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time. 28．(2.5分)Why may greenhouse gas emissions increase if a country goes organic? A．Organic farms take longer to build. B．The agricultural output will increase greatly. C．The emissions of each farm unit will increase. D．Greater demand for imported food will be created. 29．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “merits” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Changes. B．Challenges. C．Advantages. D．Differences. 30．(2.5分)What did Smith and his colleagues find? A．Organic harvests per unit are greater than traditional harvests. B．Organic farming needs more farmland to feed a country. C．Global warming could be brought under control. D．Land was not used in a responsible way. 31．(2.5分)What is Smith’s proposal? A．Stopping using pesticides. B．Eating less organic produce. C．Going back to traditional farming. D．Adopting mixed farming methods. （本题10分）The world’s population will reach 9.5 billion by 2050, and we need more land to grow food. However, today’s farming uses 70% of the world’s fresh water, makes water dirty with chemicals, and needs a lot of fossil fuels. What’s worse, there is no new usable land left for farming. A good solution is vertical (垂直的) farms — growing crops indoors in tall buildings in cities. These farms use much less water than traditional farming, avoid droughts and floods, and produce food all year round. They also cut the cost of moving food and reduce food going bad, as food is sold near where it is grown. Some tested technologies make vertical farms possible. Drip irrigation (滴灌) sends water rich in nutrients straight to plant roots, saving a lot of water. Aeroponics (气培法) lets plants grow in air with wet air and nutrients(no soil needed), and hydroponics (水培法) grows plants in water with nutrients. All these methods work well indoors. Cities have good spaces for vertical farms, such as empty land, old buildings or rooftops. These farms can reuse city wastewater to water crops and burn plant waste to make electricity. Experts say no new technologies are needed to build good vertical farms. Vertical farms can make cities more sustainable: using resources without wasting them and keeping nature balanced. They create new jobs, offer fresh food, and do less harm to the planet. The only question is — when will we start building them? 32．(2.5分)What is a big problem for farming today? A．Enough land for farming. B．Little fresh water in farming. C．No population growth. D．No new usable farmland. 33．(2.5分)What can we infer about vertical farms? A．Vertical farms make more food go bad easily. B．Vertical farms need more fossil fuels to run. C．Vertical farms can cut down on farming pollution. D．Vertical farms take up more land than traditional farms. 34．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Natural resources. B．Sustainable cities. C．Vertical farms. D．Balanced nature. 35．(2.5分)What is the best title for the text? A．Vertical Farms: A Smart Solution for Future Farming B．Population Growth: A Big Problem for Food Supply C．Traditional Farming: Its High Costs and Wastes D．New Irrigation Methods: Saving Water for Crops In my 20 years as a superintendent (督学), I’ve seen how participating in community service shapes students’ futures for the better. Students are able to take what they have learned and apply it beyond the classroom. They build soft skills as they connect to their community and discover new passions. Volunteering also allows them to see different kinds of workplaces. 36(0分) . The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement found that service-learning participation increases the likelihood of college graduation for students by 22 percentage points. 37 . Research also shows that students are 25 percent more likely to return to their hometowns after they volunteer in their communities. 38 — a standardized test score — to tell us if students will be successful after high school graduation. If we want to stay the greatest global economy the world has ever seen, we need to produce a generation of graduates who can do more than take a test well. Almost five years ago, my school district and AASA, The School Superintendents Association, launched a national movement that is redefining what it means to be ready for life after high school. 39 , and they should be measured in different ways. Redefining Ready! compiles (汇总) a variety of research-supported metrics (指标) — from GPA to good attendance to Advanced Placement success to a C or higher in Algebra II — and lays out a new way for educators to view students’ potential. So far, 17 states have put Redefining Ready! into their state’s Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) accountability plans. 40 . And I’m especially excited to see more states use community service as a way to demonstrate readiness. A．The benefits of community service go beyond higher education B．And yet, educators still heavily rely on one indicator C．It helps to determine which might be right for them D．We know that students learn in all kinds of ways E．I have a list of community service ideas F．It’s the best way to meet new people G．I’m proud of that 三、完形填空 （本题15分）Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their 41 have been remarkable, their names and their stories have 42 received a lot of attention. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to 43 the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be ignored and she 44 a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages. Wade told CBS News that while the 45 of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had 46 in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade 47 an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University. “So when I met her I thought she is a(n) 48 person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn’t 49 any information about her. What I 50 was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.” That’s how Wade got the 51 —to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them. In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to 52 information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1,700 so far. Wade is now making a 53 for herself in science and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her. “We all have a role to 54 in making science a more diverse and 55 place,” she said. 41．(1分)A．achievements B．potentials C．ambitions D．demands 42．(1分)A．naturally B．regularly C．permanently D．hardly 43．(1分)A．read B．choose C．share D．appreciate 44．(1分)A．thought little of B．passed down C．came up with D．left out 45．(1分)A．goal B．progress C．responsibility D．number 46．(1分)A．concepts B．models C．rules D．followers 47．(1分)A．referred to B．turned down C．came across D．took in 48．(1分)A．patient B．ordinary C．serious D．amazing 49．(1分)A．remember B．identify C．offer D．find 50．(1分)A．wanted B．accepted C．recommended D．acknowledged 51．(1分)A．help B．idea C．belief D．order 52．(1分)A．collect B．post C．manage D．correct 53．(1分)A．suggestion B．will C．name D．request 54．(1分)A．play B．make C．select D．decide 55．(1分)A．safer B．fairer C．quieter D．wider 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources. Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries 56(1.5分) history, but it was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928. Fleming, 57(1.5分) scientist from Scotland, returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria 58(1.5分) (surround) the mould were dead. 59(1.5分) (surprise) by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. He was aware that it could be very useful for 60(1.5分) (treat) wounds. For more than 10 years, Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an 61(1.5分) (effect) medicine. Finally, his work caught the attention of some other scientists 62(1.5分) were able to do it. Since its mass production began in the 1940s, penicillin 63(1.5分) (save) millions of lives. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the 64(1.5分) (true). He was intelligent and experienced enough 65(1.5分) (notice) its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，你的外籍同学Peter对中国杰出人物很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，介绍一位你最敬佩的中国人物，内容包括： 1.人物基本信息； 2.主要事迹与贡献； 3.你敬佩他/她的原因。 注意：词数100左右。 Dear Peter, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The Forest’s Second Chance The forest bore the clear, painful scars of a recent, fierce battle — not with guns, but against raging flames. Three months back, a wildfire tore through the area with terrifying force, leaving a landscape of hopelessness and destruction. The once lively, thick woodland now lay in complete ruins. Burnt tree trunks stood like bony skeleton fingers. Their blackened wood felt rough and uneven to the touch. They stuck out like broken bones, reaching uselessly toward the gray, smoke-filled sky, as if making a last, helpless appeal. Tiny, weak flames still glowed in the narrow gaps between the trunks, like faint orange glimmers swaying gently, threatening to burst into a roaring blaze again. The ground, once soft with moss and full of colorful wildflowers — purple clover dancing in the wind and bright yellow daisies nodding — was now a hard, dry layer of ash. Stepping on it, the ash crumbled into fine, powdery dust that stuck to shoes, leaving light gray marks like disaster trails. It had a sharp smell that stung the nose and made eyes water. The air was thick with the lingering bad odor of burning wood, and a dead silence prevailed. The usual happy bird chirps, once filling the forest with life, were gone, leaving it in a strange, lonely quiet. That silence was shattered when the volunteers showed up. Many covered their mouths with hands, tears streaming down. Maria, the volunteer leader, her fingers trembling as she brushed ash off a scorched sapling(烧焦的幼苗), whispered in a choked voice, “It was so beautiful here before.” Old Mr. Henderson, silver-haired and bent, stood staring at the woodland he’d known for 40 years. His hands shook when touching a blackened tree trunk. Then he sighed heavily, full of grief. “We’ll fix it,” he said, softly but firmly. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Rolling up their sleeves, the volunteers got to work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, a true miracle unfolded before their eyes. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Working the Land（较难版02）（解析版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）Why does the woman thank the man? A．He paid her bill. B．He lent her some money. C．He returned her money. 【答案】C 【原文】M: Does this Bill belong to you? W: Oh, thanks. I’ve just lost five pounds. M: I’m glad that I found the owner, otherwise I would have to go to the lost and found. 2．（本题1.5分）What crop does the woman’s uncle plant? A．Beans. B．Cotton. C．Corn. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Have you ever been to a cotton farm like this before? My uncle switched over to it because he could make more money there. He used to grow corn and beans. M: I’ve never actually been to a farm, so I have no idea how farmers make a living! 3．（本题1.5分） What are the speakers talking about? A．A medical research. B．A Nobel Prize winner. C．A new book. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Do you know Drew Weissman from the United States who has won 2023 Nobel Prize? M: Not a surprise. He has made great achievements in medicine. 4．（本题1.5分）Why was the woman worried? A．The boy cut a line. B．The boy went out alone. C．The boy told a lie. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Your dad and I were very worried about you. This time you crossed the line. M: I am sorry, mom. I shouldn’t go out alone without telling you first. 5．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation take place? A．In a supermarket. B．On a farm. C．At home. 【答案】C 【原文】W: I just bought some strawberries from the supermarket. The salesperson said they were fresh from the farm. M: I’ll go to the kitchen and wash them. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)What does Lily suggest Mr. Stenson doing? A．Using the pesticide. B．Changing the crop. C．Watering the fields. 7．(1.5分)What do we know about Lily’s uncle? A．He often shares his products. B．He lives far from Lily. C．He is good at farming. 【答案】6．B 7．C 【原文】W: Mr. Stenson, I think you need to replace corn with another plant in your fields. M: Yes, Lily. But I’m not sure what plant is better. Some people say I should go for beans, while some say wheat is a good choice. W: I personally can’t help you with this, but I can ask my uncle. He works on a farm and has helped a lot of farmers. M: That’d be great. Hmm … What do you think if I invite him to visit my farm? W: Good idea! He lives not far from here. And he’ll be able to spare you a few hours next Saturday. M: Thank you very much. I promise to give you the first new products from my fields! （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)Which class are the speakers doing the project for? A．History. B．Science. C．Social studies. 9．(1.5分)Why does the man refuse to consider Benjamin Franklin as a good choice? A．The class have known a lot about him. B．Another group has chosen to study him. C．His personal life is not attractive enough. 10．(1.5分)Who do the speakers finally decide to write about? A．Elon Musk. B．Nikola Tesla. C．Thomas Edison. 【答案】8．C 9．A 10．B 【原文】M: Lucy, we have to write about one of “History’s Greatest Inventors”. W: Yes, I’m excited about this homework for social studies. So, who do we focus on? M: Mr. White said we should write about their lives as well as their scientific achievements. W: What about Benjamin Franklin? His personal life is quite interesting. M: We studied him for the end-of-term exam last year, remember? I’m afraid we can’t tell the class anything new. W: Thomas Edison? M: I heard Fiona and George would choose him for their presentation. W: What about Edison’s big competitor, Nikola Tesla? M: Oh, that’s a good idea. I read a book about him a couple of years ago. He’s the guy Elon Musk’s car company is named after. W: Wow! I can’t wait to know more about him. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 12．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 13．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. 【答案】11．A 12．A 13．B 【原文】W: Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper? M: Yes. Researchers have recently published a new study about the source of honey. W: Flowers? I just know that without flowers, our food supply would be in trouble. M: Exactly. Now flowers can help humans in another way. Researchers say planting flowers may help people with mental health problems. W: Really? Can we call it “Flower Therapy”? M: Yes! In fact, the U.S. government once had a program that taught soldiers returning from the First World War how to plant flowers. W: I know many soldiers have trouble dealing with the experiences of war. M: The program is not a new thing. Other countries also have similar programs. W: I will plant some flowers in our yard. M: Put your chair out, bathe in the sunshine and watch the flowers as they bloom. It’s really relaxing, right? W: Yes! That is what I want. （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)How does the woman feel at first? A．Curious. B．Surprised. C．Excited. 15．(1.5分)What in the forest made the man think about rotting? A．Flowers. B．Mushrooms. C．Trees. 16．(1.5分)How many colors of the mushrooms does the woman mention? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 17．(1.5分)When will the speakers return to the forest? A．On Thursday. B．On Friday. C．On Saturday. 【答案】14．A 15．B 16．B 17．C 【原文】W: You said a strange thing on our walk today. You said you love to see things rotting. I’m curious to know why you said that. M: It’s nothing to get excited about, but I’m happy to explain. Nature is so clever in the way it makes some things rot away to nothing and then creates new life from what is left over. W: But why did you mention it on our walk? We were in the forest at the time. M: I saw some mushrooms growing on a fallen branch. They help recycle the dead wood, so that more trees and flowers can grow. It’s a beautiful system. W: Yes, nature is an expert recycler—and mushrooms can be as beautiful as flowers. Those little yellow ones were unusual—and do you remember the large orange ones? Best of all were the red ones. M: I could look at things like that all day. The subject really interests me. We’ll have to walk there again next Friday. W: Thursday would be better for me. M: I can’t make it then. I have booked an appointment at the dentist. What about Saturday? W: It’s a date. We’ll explore the magic of mushrooms. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)What is the speaker probably doing? A．Conducting an interview. B．Chairing a meeting. C．Teaching a class. 19．(1.5分)What did Guglielmo Marconi do in 1922? A．He won the Nobel Prize in Physics. B．He sent the first wireless message. C．He helped establish the BBC． 20．(1.5分)What was Charles Babbage’s achievement? A．He built the basis for modern computers. B．He helped write the first computer program. C．He invented the first electronic computer. 【答案】18．C 19．C 20．A 【原文】W: Take a trip through history as we look at the brilliant minds that make our modern world possible: Guglielmo Marconi and Charles Babbage. Let’s remember and celebrate these amazing men this school year. Modern communication wouldn’t be the same without Guglielmo Marconi. He was a scientist who invented the first effective radio system. In 1901, he sent the first wireless message across the Atlantic Ocean, proving it was possible even though many thought the Earth’s shape would be a problem. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 and helped start the BBC in 1922. If you’re using a computer, you owe thanks to Charles Babbage. He didn’t invent the computer as we know it today, but his ideas laid the foundation for it. That’s why he’s often called “the father of computing”. As we honor Marconi and Babbage, let their achievements inspire you to dream big and innovate. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Women have long been pioneers of gardening, whether passing agricultural traditions from generation to generation or making significant contributions to science. Here are some who have left permanent marks on American horticultural history. Jane Colden In the 1750s, Colden became the first female American botanist. She is credited with naming and classifying hundreds of native plants in the Hudson River Valley. She drew each of the plants she named, and described them in detail in her book Flora of New York. Beatrix Farrand Known as the First Lady of American Society of Landscape architects, Farrand designed more than 100 gardens for private houses and gardening clubs. One of her best-known projects was the White House’s East Garden during the Wilson Presidency. In 1899, at age 27, the self-taught Farrand became the only woman among the founders of the American Society of Landscape architects. Carrie Lippincott To contribute to her family’s income, Lippincott started a seed (种子) business in 1886. Calling herself the “Pioneer Seedswoman of America”, she published the first seed catalog targeted to women, which featured a conversational introduction and pictures of women, children and flowers at a time when other catalogs were simply text on paper. She completely changed the way seeds were sold, which was soon copied by competing seed companies. Marie Clark Taylor In 1941, Taylor became the first Black woman to receive a Ph. D in botany in the United States. As an educator, she applied her research on the effect of light on plant growth to change the way high school science was taught. She encouraged the use of light microscopes in the classroom for the first time. In the mid-1960s, President Lyndon Johnson asked her to expand her teaching methods nationwide. 21．(2.5分)When was Beatrix Farrand born? A．In 1750. B．In 1872. C．In 1899. D．In 1941. 22．(2.5分)What can we know about the “Pioneer Seedswoman of America”? A．She was born into a wealthy family. B．She founded the first seed company. C．She improved the way of selling seeds. D．She was the first American garden architect. 23．(2.5分)What do Jane Colden and Marie Clark Taylor have in common? A．They are famous educators. B．They have had a doctorate degree. C．They are self-taught scientists. D．They have a wide knowledge of plants. 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位在美国园艺史上留下印记的女性先驱，她们分别在植物研究、园林设计、种子销售和植物教学领域做出了突出贡献。 21．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1899, at age 27, the self-taught Farrand became the only woman among the founders of the American Society of Landscape architects.(1899年，27岁的弗兰德凭借自学而成的技艺，成为了美国景观建筑师协会的创始人中唯一的女性)”可知，贝蒂丝·法兰德1872（1899-27）年出生。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据第四段“Calling herself the “Pioneer Seedswoman of America”, she published the first seed catalog targeted to women, which featured a conversational introduction and pictures of women, children and flowers at a time when other catalogs were simply text on paper. She completely changed the way seeds were sold, which was soon copied by competing seed companies.(她自称是“美国的先锋种子销售商”，并出版了第一本专为女性设计的种子目录。该目录采用了对话式的介绍方式，并配有女性、儿童和花朵的图片，而当时其他目录还只是简单的纸质文字。她彻底改变了种子的销售方式，这一做法很快被竞争对手的种子公司所效仿)”可知，美国先锋种子公司创始人改进了种子的销售方式。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据Jane Colden部分“In the 1750s, Colden became the first female American botanist. She is credited with naming and classifying hundreds of native plants in the Hudson River Valley. She drew each of the plants she named, and described them in detail in her book Flora of New York.(在18世纪50年代，科尔登成为了美国第一位女性植物学家。她因命名和分类了哈德逊河谷地区的数百种本土植物而受到赞誉。她为每一种她所命名的植物都绘制了图样，并在她的著作《纽约植物志》中对其进行了详细描述)”以及Marie Clark Taylor部分“In 1941, Taylor became the first Black woman to receive a Ph. D in botany in the United States.(1941年，泰勒成为美国首位获得植物学博士学位的黑人女性)”可知，她们都对植物有着广泛的了解。故选D。 （本题10分）Intensive work and frequent travel left Alfred Nobel little time for private life. At 43, he felt prematurely old and advertised for a mature, multilingual (会多种语言的) woman to serve as secretary and household manager. The ideal candidate, Austrian Countess Bertha Kinsky, worked briefly for Nobel before leaving to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. Despite this, Nobel and Bertha maintained a long epistolary exchange. Over the years, Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race. She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement. No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promoted peace. Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Parliament decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha. Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896. When his will was opened it came as a shock that his wealth was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. Two young engineers, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, were appointed executors (遗嘱执行人). They formed the Nobel Foundation to manage the funds and coordinate the awards, and this was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries. Alfred Nobel’s exceptional talent lay in his unique ability to merge the insight of a scientist and inventor with the enterprising spirit of an industrialist. Besides, Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered uncommon views in his era. He also possessed a profound love for literature and authored his own poetry and plays. The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime interests. 24．(2.5分)Who was Bertha mentioned in the text? A．A peace activist and Nobel Prize winner. B．Nobel’s long-term secretary and household manager. C．A manager of Nobel’s industrial enterprises. D．A relative who contested Nobel’s will. 25．(2.5分)What is the probable meaning of “epistolary exchange” in paragraph 2? A．A scientific experiment shared by mail. B．A precise academic paper. C．A public speech delivered internationally. D．A continuous written correspondence. 26．(2.5分)Why was Nobel’s will considered surprising? A．It appointed engineers as executors. B．It assigned his fortune to set prizes. C．It included a prize inspired by Bertha. D．It faced challenges from authorities. 27．(2.5分)Which of the following can best summarize the traits of Alfred Nobel? A．Industrious and visionary. B．Ambitious and materialistic. C．Practical but illiterate. D．Reclusive and dishonest. 【答案】24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的生平事迹。 【详解】24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Over the years, Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race. She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement. (多年来，贝莎·冯·萨特纳对军备竞赛越来越持批评态度。她写了一本著名的书《放下武器》，并成为和平运动的杰出人物)”和“Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Parliament decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha.(阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔去世几年后，挪威议会决定将1905年诺贝尔和平奖授予贝莎)”可知，贝莎·冯·苏特纳是一位和平运动的活动家，也是诺贝尔和平奖的获得者。故选A项。 25．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The ideal candidate, Austrian Countess Bertha Kinsky, worked briefly for Nobel before leaving to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. Despite this, Nobel and Bertha maintained a long epistolary exchange.(理想人选是奥地利伯爵夫人贝莎·金斯基，她在诺贝尔家族短期工作后便离职嫁给了阿瑟·冯·苏特纳伯爵。尽管如此，诺贝尔与贝莎仍保持了长期的epistolary exchange)”可知，贝莎曾为诺贝尔工作过，后来离开了，但他们仍然保持着联系，由此可推测，划线短语epistolary exchange指的是他们之间的通信，即“持续的书面通信”。故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When his will was opened it came as a shock that his wealth was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace.(当他的遗嘱被打开时，人们震惊地发现，他的财富将用于设立物理、化学、生理学或医学、文学和和平奖)”可知，诺贝尔的遗嘱令人惊讶是因为他将财富用于设立奖项。故选B项。 27．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Intensive work and frequent travel left Alfred Nobel little time for private life.(高强度的工作和频繁的旅行使阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔几乎没有私人时间)”和最后一段中“Alfred Nobel’s exceptional talent lay in his unique ability to merge the insight of a scientist and inventor with the enterprising spirit of an industrialist. Besides, Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered uncommon views in his era.(阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的卓越才能，在于他独具匠心地将科学家、发明家的洞察力与实业家的开拓精神相融合。不仅如此，他还对社会及和平议题深感兴趣，持有诸多超越时代的见解)”可知，诺贝尔工作勤奋，并且持有诸多超越时代的见解，具有远见。由此可推断出，他是一个勤奋(industrious )且有远见的人(visionary)。故选A项。 （本题10分）Greenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales went organic. Though the emissions of each farm would go down, much more food would have to be imported, as the amount they would produce would decrease greatly. “The key message from my perspective is that you can’t really have your cake and eat it,” says Laurence Smith, now at the Royal Agricultural University in the UK, who was part of the team that ran the numbers. Smith is a supporter of organic farming and says “there are a lot of merits of the organic approach”, but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too. Farming and changes in land use, such as cutting down forests, are responsible for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions. That means reducing farming emissions and the land needed for farming is required to limit further global warming. Smith and his colleagues found that emissions per unit of food are, on average, 20 per cent lower for organic crops and 4 per cent lower for organic animal products. However, organic harvests per hectare (公顷) are also lower on average. For wheat and barley, for instance, harvests are just half of those of conventional farms. This means 1. 5times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods. The estimated increase in emissions varies greatly, depending on where the extra farmland comes from. If only half comes from turning grassland into farms, the increase could be as low as 20 per cent. If grassland that would otherwise have been reforested is turned into farmland, emissions could nearly double. This doesn’t necessarily mean people should stop eating organic produce, says Smith. People might choose organic food for other reasons, such as to reduce their pesticide exposure (though contrary to popular belief, organic farmers do use pesticides) or for the sake of wildlife. Going 100 per cent organic could also harm global biodiversity. The extra land used for farming would mean the land available for wildlife would be smaller and more fragmented (碎片化的) . Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time. 28．(2.5分)Why may greenhouse gas emissions increase if a country goes organic? A．Organic farms take longer to build. B．The agricultural output will increase greatly. C．The emissions of each farm unit will increase. D．Greater demand for imported food will be created. 29．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “merits” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Changes. B．Challenges. C．Advantages. D．Differences. 30．(2.5分)What did Smith and his colleagues find? A．Organic harvests per unit are greater than traditional harvests. B．Organic farming needs more farmland to feed a country. C．Global warming could be brought under control. D．Land was not used in a responsible way. 31．(2.5分)What is Smith’s proposal? A．Stopping using pesticides. B．Eating less organic produce. C．Going back to traditional farming. D．Adopting mixed farming methods. 【答案】28．D 29．C 30．B 31．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了如果英格兰和威尔士的所有农场都转为有机农业，温室气体排放可能会增加的问题。 【详解】28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Greenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales went organic. Though the emissions of each farm would go down, much more food would have to be imported, as the amount they would produce would decrease greatly.(如果英格兰和威尔士的所有农场都采用有机农业，温室气体排放将会增加。尽管每个农场的排放量会下降，但由于它们的产量会大幅下降，因此必须进口更多的食物。)”可知，如果一个国家采用有机农业，温室气体排放可能会增加是因为将创造更大的进口食品需求。故选D。 29．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Smith is a supporter of organic farming and says “there are a lot of merits of the organic approach”, but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too.(史密斯是有机农业的支持者，他表示“有机种植模式有着诸多merits”，但他的分析也表明，有机农业同样存在弊端。)”可知，句中but为核心转折连接词，前后语义相反。后半句的downsides意为“弊端、缺点”，因此前半句的merits必然是其反义词，即“优势、优点”。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段“Smith and his colleagues found that emissions per unit of food are, on average, 20 per cent lower for organic crops and 4 per cent lower for organic animal products. However, organic harvests per hectare (公顷) are also lower on average. For wheat and barley, for instance, harvests are just half of those of conventional farms. This means 1. 5times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods.(史密斯和他的同事发现，有机作物每单位食物的排放量平均低20%，有机动物产品的排放量平均低4%。然而，平均每公顷有机作物的产量也较低。例如，小麦和大麦的产量仅为传统农场的一半。这意味着种植相同数量的这些食物需要1.5倍的土地。)”可知，史密斯和他的同事发现有机农业需要更多的农田来养活一个国家。故选B。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time.(史密斯说，最好的选择可能是同时使用一些有机和传统农业方法。)”可知，史密斯的建议是采用混合耕作方法。故选D。 （本题10分）The world’s population will reach 9.5 billion by 2050, and we need more land to grow food. However, today’s farming uses 70% of the world’s fresh water, makes water dirty with chemicals, and needs a lot of fossil fuels. What’s worse, there is no new usable land left for farming. A good solution is vertical (垂直的) farms — growing crops indoors in tall buildings in cities. These farms use much less water than traditional farming, avoid droughts and floods, and produce food all year round. They also cut the cost of moving food and reduce food going bad, as food is sold near where it is grown. Some tested technologies make vertical farms possible. Drip irrigation (滴灌) sends water rich in nutrients straight to plant roots, saving a lot of water. Aeroponics (气培法) lets plants grow in air with wet air and nutrients(no soil needed), and hydroponics (水培法) grows plants in water with nutrients. All these methods work well indoors. Cities have good spaces for vertical farms, such as empty land, old buildings or rooftops. These farms can reuse city wastewater to water crops and burn plant waste to make electricity. Experts say no new technologies are needed to build good vertical farms. Vertical farms can make cities more sustainable: using resources without wasting them and keeping nature balanced. They create new jobs, offer fresh food, and do less harm to the planet. The only question is — when will we start building them? 32．(2.5分)What is a big problem for farming today? A．Enough land for farming. B．Little fresh water in farming. C．No population growth. D．No new usable farmland. 33．(2.5分)What can we infer about vertical farms? A．Vertical farms make more food go bad easily. B．Vertical farms need more fossil fuels to run. C．Vertical farms can cut down on farming pollution. D．Vertical farms take up more land than traditional farms. 34．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Natural resources. B．Sustainable cities. C．Vertical farms. D．Balanced nature. 35．(2.5分)What is the best title for the text? A．Vertical Farms: A Smart Solution for Future Farming B．Population Growth: A Big Problem for Food Supply C．Traditional Farming: Its High Costs and Wastes D．New Irrigation Methods: Saving Water for Crops 【答案】32．D 33．C 34．C 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了垂直农场是解决未来农业问题的有效方案。 【详解】32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“What’s worse, there is no new usable land left for farming.(更糟糕的是，没有新的可用土地用于农业)”可知，如今农业面临的一个大问题是没有新的可用农田。故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段中“These farms use much less water than traditional farming, avoid droughts and floods, and produce food all year round. They also cut the cost of moving food and reduce food going bad, as food is sold near where it is grown.(这些农场比传统农业用水少得多，避免了干旱和洪水，全年都能生产粮食。它们还降低了运输食物的成本，减少了食物变质，因为食物是在种植地附近出售的)”以及第三段中“Drip irrigation (滴灌) sends water rich in nutrients straight to plant roots, saving a lot of water. Aeroponics (气培法) lets plants grow in air with wet air and nutrients(no soil needed), and hydroponics (水培法) grows plants in water with nutrients. All these methods work well indoors.(滴灌直接将富含营养的水输送到植物根部，节省了大量水分。气培法让植物在潮湿的空气和营养中生长（不需要土壤），水培法则是在含有营养的水中种植植物。所有这些方法在室内都很有效)”可知，垂直农场节水、节能、就近生产，可减少污染与浪费，所以垂直农场可以减少农业污染。故选C。 34．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Vertical farms can make cities more sustainable: using resources without wasting them and keeping nature balanced. They create new jobs, offer fresh food, and do less harm to the planet. The only question is — when will we start building them?(垂直农场可以使城市更具可持续性：利用资源而不浪费，保持自然平衡。它们创造了新的就业机会，提供新鲜的食物，对地球的危害也更小。唯一的问题是——我们什么时候开始建造它们？)”可知，垂直农场能够创造就业机会等，所以they指代上文提到的“Vertical farms”。故选C。 35．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“A good solution is vertical (垂直的) farms — growing crops indoors in tall buildings in cities.(一个好的解决方案是垂直农场——在城市的高楼大厦里室内种植农作物)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了垂直农场是解决未来农业问题的有效方案，所以A项“Vertical Farms: A Smart Solution for Future Farming.(垂直农场：未来农业的明智解决方案)”是最佳标题。故选A。 In my 20 years as a superintendent (督学), I’ve seen how participating in community service shapes students’ futures for the better. Students are able to take what they have learned and apply it beyond the classroom. They build soft skills as they connect to their community and discover new passions. Volunteering also allows them to see different kinds of workplaces. 36(0分) . The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement found that service-learning participation increases the likelihood of college graduation for students by 22 percentage points. 37 . Research also shows that students are 25 percent more likely to return to their hometowns after they volunteer in their communities. 38 — a standardized test score — to tell us if students will be successful after high school graduation. If we want to stay the greatest global economy the world has ever seen, we need to produce a generation of graduates who can do more than take a test well. Almost five years ago, my school district and AASA, The School Superintendents Association, launched a national movement that is redefining what it means to be ready for life after high school. 39 , and they should be measured in different ways. Redefining Ready! compiles (汇总) a variety of research-supported metrics (指标) — from GPA to good attendance to Advanced Placement success to a C or higher in Algebra II — and lays out a new way for educators to view students’ potential. So far, 17 states have put Redefining Ready! into their state’s Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) accountability plans. 40 . And I’m especially excited to see more states use community service as a way to demonstrate readiness. A．The benefits of community service go beyond higher education B．And yet, educators still heavily rely on one indicator C．It helps to determine which might be right for them D．We know that students learn in all kinds of ways E．I have a list of community service ideas F．It’s the best way to meet new people G．I’m proud of that 【答案】36．C 37．A 38．B 39．D 40．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍社区服务对学生未来的积极影响，以及相关教育运动对学生毕业准备的重新定义。 【详解】36．根据上文“In my 20 years as a superintendent (督学), I’ve seen how participating in community service shapes students’ futures for the better. Students are able to take what they have learned and apply it beyond the classroom. They build soft skills as they connect to their community and discover new passions. Volunteering also allows them to see different kinds of workplaces. (在我20年的督学生涯中，我见证了参与社区服务如何更好地塑造学生的未来。学生们能够将所学知识应用到课堂之外。他们在融入社区、发现新爱好的过程中培养软技能。志愿服务还能让他们见识到不同类型的工作场所。)”可知，前文讲述了社区服务能让学生见识不同工作场所，此空应承接该内容说明其作用，C选项“It helps to determine which might be right for them (这有助于他们确定哪种工作场所可能适合自己)”中的“which”指代前文的“different kinds of workplaces”，符合语境。故选C项。 37．根据上文“The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement found that service-learning participation increases the likelihood of college graduation for students by 22 percentage points. (公民学习与参与信息研究中心发现，参与服务型学习能将学生大学毕业的概率提高22个百分点。)”以及下文“Research also shows that students are 25 percent more likely to return to their hometowns after they volunteer in their communities. (研究还表明，学生在社区志愿服务后回到家乡的可能性要高出25%。)”可知，前文讲社区服务对升学的好处，后文讲对返乡的影响，此空应起到过渡作用，A选项“The benefits of community service go beyond higher education (社区服务的好处不止体现在高等教育方面)”能够衔接上下文，符合语境。故选A项。 38．根据下文“— a standardized test score — to tell us if students will be successful after high school graduation. If we want to stay the greatest global economy the world has ever seen, we need to produce a generation of graduates who can do more than take a test well. (——即标准化考试成绩——来判断学生高中毕业后能否成功。如果我们想保持世界曾经见过的最伟大的全球经济的地位，就需要培养出一代不仅能考好试，还能胜任更多事情的毕业生。)”可知，此空应指出教育者过度依赖单一评价指标的现象，B选项“And yet, educators still heavily rely on one indicator (然而，教育工作者仍然严重依赖一种评价指标)”中的“one indicator”对应下文的“a standardized test score”，符合语境。故选B项。 39．根据上文“Almost five years ago, my school district and AASA, The School Superintendents Association, launched a national movement that is redefining what it means to be ready for life after high school. (大约五年前，我所在的学区和美国学校督学协会发起了一项全国性运动，旨在重新定义“为高中毕业后的生活做好准备”的含义。)”以及下文“and they should be measured in different ways. Redefining Ready! compiles (汇总) a variety of research-supported metrics (指标) — from GPA to good attendance to Advanced Placement success to a C or higher in Algebra II — and lays out a new way for educators to view students’ potential. (而且应该用不同的方式来衡量他们。“重新定义准备就绪”项目汇总了多项有研究支持的指标——从平均绩点、良好出勤，到大学先修课程成绩优异、代数二成绩达到C及以上——为教育工作者提供了一种看待学生潜力的新方式。)”可知，此空应说明学生的学习方式是多样的，所以衡量方式也应多样，D选项“We know that students learn in all kinds of ways (我们知道学生的学习方式多种多样)”能够引出下文的多种衡量指标，符合语境。故选D项。 40．根据上文“So far, 17 states have put Redefining Ready! into their state’s Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) accountability plans. (到目前为止，已有17个州将“重新定义准备就绪”项目纳入了本州的《每位学生成功法案》问责计划中。)”以及下文“And I’m especially excited to see more states use community service as a way to demonstrate readiness. (我尤其期待看到更多州将社区服务作为衡量学生是否准备就绪的一种方式。)”可知，此空应表达对已有成果的自豪之情，G选项“I’m proud of that (我为此感到自豪)”中的“that”指代前文17个州采纳该项目的情况，符合语境。故选G项。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their 41 have been remarkable, their names and their stories have 42 received a lot of attention. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to 43 the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be ignored and she 44 a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages. Wade told CBS News that while the 45 of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had 46 in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade 47 an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University. “So when I met her I thought she is a(n) 48 person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn’t 49 any information about her. What I 50 was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.” That’s how Wade got the 51 —to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them. In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to 52 information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1,700 so far. Wade is now making a 53 for herself in science and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her. “We all have a role to 54 in making science a more diverse and 55 place,” she said. 41．(1分)A．achievements B．potentials C．ambitions D．demands 42．(1分)A．naturally B．regularly C．permanently D．hardly 43．(1分)A．read B．choose C．share D．appreciate 44．(1分)A．thought little of B．passed down C．came up with D．left out 45．(1分)A．goal B．progress C．responsibility D．number 46．(1分)A．concepts B．models C．rules D．followers 47．(1分)A．referred to B．turned down C．came across D．took in 48．(1分)A．patient B．ordinary C．serious D．amazing 49．(1分)A．remember B．identify C．offer D．find 50．(1分)A．wanted B．accepted C．recommended D．acknowledged 51．(1分)A．help B．idea C．belief D．order 52．(1分)A．collect B．post C．manage D．correct 53．(1分)A．suggestion B．will C．name D．request 54．(1分)A．play B．make C．select D．decide 55．(1分)A．safer B．fairer C．quieter D．wider 【答案】 41．A 42．D 43．C 44．C 45．D 46．B 47．C 48．D 49．D 50．A 51．B 52．A 53．C 54．A 55．B 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了科学家Jess Wade为一些被忽视的科学人士撰写维基百科页面的故事。 【详解】41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，尽管他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的名字和故事却很少受到关注。A. achievements成就；B. potentials潜能；C. ambitions野心，抱负；D. demands要求。根据前文“female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world”及“have been remarkable”可知，科学家、工程师和数学家改变了世界，取得了非凡的成就。故选A项。 42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，尽管他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的名字和故事却很少受到关注。A. naturally通常；B. regularly有规律地；C. permanently永久地；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文“great scientific pioneers who may be ignored”及前文“But”可知，尽管这些人取得了非凡的成就，但是很少有人关注他们的故事。故选D项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：物理学家杰斯·韦德想要分享那些可能被忽视的伟大科学先驱的故事，她想出了一个独特的方法：写维基百科页面。A. read读；B. choose选择；C. share分享；D. appreciate感激，欣赏。根据下文“writing Wikipedia pages”可知，Jess想要写维基百科来分享这些被忽视的科学先驱的故事。故选C项。 44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：物理学家杰斯·韦德想要分享那些可能被忽视的伟大科学先驱的故事，她想出了一个独特的方法：写维基百科页面。A. thought little of看不起，轻视；B. passed down传递；C. came up with想出；D. left out省略。根据“she___4___a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages.”可知，Jess想出了一个独特的让大家了解他们的方法。故选C项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，虽然女性在科学领域的数量比男性少，但她在这个领域一直有榜样。A. goal目标；B. progress进步；C. responsibility责任；D. number数字。根据“is small in comparison to that of men”并结合常识可知，女性在科学领域的数量少于男性。故选D项。 46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，虽然女性在科学领域的数量比男性少，但她在这个领域一直有榜样。A. concepts概念；B. models模范，榜样；C. rules规则；D. followers追随者。根据后文“Wade___7___an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb”可知，Kim Cobb是Jess的榜样，是她视作模范的一个女科学家。故选B项。 47．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当韦德还是研究生的时候，她遇到了一位鼓舞人心的科学女性，布朗大学的气候科学家金·科布。A. referred to参考，表明；B. turned down拒绝；C. came across遇见；D. took in吸收。根据下文“when I met her”可知，Jess研究生时遇到了Kim Cobb。故选C项。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当我见到她的时候，我觉得她是一个了不起的人，我需要更多地了解她。A. patient有耐心的；B. ordinary普通的；C. serious严肃的；D. amazing令人惊叹的。根据“I need to learn more about her”及“When I did a little search”可知，作者遇到Kim Cobb时，觉得她了不起，所以对她进行了一点调查研究。故选D项。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我做了一些搜索，我找不到任何关于她的信息。A. remember记得；B. identify识别；C. offer提供；D. find找到。根据下文“What I___10___was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.”及“I couldn’t___9___any information about her.”可知，作者找不到Kim Cobb的信息。故选D项。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想要的是一个维基百科页面，但那里没有。A. wanted想要；B. accepted接受；C. recommended推荐；D. acknowledged认可。根据下文“to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.”可知，作者想要找到关于Kim Cobb的信息，但是没有找到，所以才想到自己为她写信息。故选A项。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是韦德产生这个想法的原因——开始为尚未拥有维基百科的不同科学人士编写维基百科页面。A. help帮助；B. idea想法；C. belief信念；D. order命令，秩序。根据“to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.”可知，在维基百科上为不同的科学人士写页面这是Jess的想法。故选B项。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的空闲时间，韦德搜索互联网收集信息，然后她开始写维基百科页面。A. collect收集；B. post发布，邮寄；C. manage管理，设法；D. correct更正。根据“searches the Internet”可知，搜索信息是为了收集信息。故选A项。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德现在在科学界有了自己的名声，她知道如果没有那些前辈，她就不会有今天。A. suggestion建议；B. will意志，心愿；C. name名声；D. request要求。根据“she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her.”可知，先锋的启发和激励让Jess自己也成为了获得名声的科学人士。故选C项。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们都有责任使科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。”A. play扮演；B. make制作，成为；C. select挑选；D. decide决定。根据“have a role to”可知，play a role为固定短语，意思为：扮演一个角色。故选A项。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们都有责任使科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。”A. safer更安全的；B. fairer更公平的；C. quieter更安静的；D. wider更宽的。根据“a more diverse”可知，空处形容词与diverse并列，结合上文讲述的有些科学人士做出贡献却没有名字信息可知，作者认为我们有责任让科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。故选B项。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources. Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries 56(1.5分) history, but it was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928. Fleming, 57(1.5分) scientist from Scotland, returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria 58(1.5分) (surround) the mould were dead. 59(1.5分) (surprise) by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. He was aware that it could be very useful for 60(1.5分) (treat) wounds. For more than 10 years, Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an 61(1.5分) (effect) medicine. Finally, his work caught the attention of some other scientists 62(1.5分) were able to do it. Since its mass production began in the 1940s, penicillin 63(1.5分) (save) millions of lives. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the 64(1.5分) (true). He was intelligent and experienced enough 65(1.5分) (notice) its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 【答案】 56．in 57．a 58．surrounding 59．Surprised 60．treating 61．effective 62．who/that 63．has saved 64．truth 65．to notice 【导语】文章主要讲述了青霉素的发现过程，指出这一伟大发现虽看似偶然，实则源于亚历山大·弗莱明的智慧、经验和不懈努力，印证了“机遇偏爱有准备的头脑”这一道理。 【详解】56．考查介词。句意：青霉素被广泛认为是历史上最重要的医学发现之一。in history为固定搭配，意为“在历史上”。 57．考查冠词。句意：弗莱明，一位来自苏格兰的科学家，度假后回到实验室，发现培养皿上有一些霉菌。scientist为可数名词，此处表示泛指，scientist发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。were dead为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，bacteria和surround之间为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式surrounding。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：对此感到惊讶，弗莱明做了一些测试。performed为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Fleming和surprise之间为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式，且位于句首首字母大写。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：他意识到这可能对治疗伤口非常有用。介词for后需接动名词treating“治疗”作宾语。 61．考查形容词。句意：十多年来，弗莱明一直在研究青霉素并试图将其制成有效的药物。空处修饰名词medicine，需用形容词effective作定语。 62．考查定语从句。句意：最终，他的工作引起了一些其他能够做到这一点的科学家的注意。空处引导定语从句，先行词为scientists，指人，从句缺少主语，需用关系代词who或that引导。 63．考查时态。句意：自20世纪40年代开始大规模生产以来，青霉素已经拯救了数百万人的生命。根据时间状语Since its mass production began可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语penicillin不可数，助动词用has。 64．考查名词。句意：人们可能认为弗莱明是偶然发现青霉素的，但事实上远非如此。定冠词the后需接名词truth作介词from的宾语。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：他足够聪明和有经验去注意到它的潜力。此处为“adj.+enough+to do”结构，意为“足够……去做某事”，需用动词不定式。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，你的外籍同学Peter对中国杰出人物很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，介绍一位你最敬佩的中国人物，内容包括： 1.人物基本信息； 2.主要事迹与贡献； 3.你敬佩他/她的原因。 注意：词数100左右。 Dear Peter, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】范文 Dear Peter, I’m excited to hear that you’re interested in China’s great figures. The person I admire most is Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice.” To begin with, born in 1930, Yuan devoted his whole life to agricultural science. In the 1970s, he successfully developed the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice strain, which dramatically increased rice production. His innovations helped feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population, lifting countless people out of hunger. In addition, what I admire most is his perseverance and humility. Despite his monumental achievements, he continued working in the fields like an ordinary farmer, always saying that his dream was to see rice growing as tall as sorghum. He proved that science can change the world, and his down-to-earth spirit inspires me to pursue my own goals with patience and dedication. Finally, if you want to know more, I’d love to share a book about him. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给外籍同学Peter写封邮件，介绍一位自己最敬佩的中国人物，讲述其基本信息、主要事迹和贡献，以及敬佩原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的、激动的：excited→thrilled/ 提高、增加：increase→boost 普通的：ordinary→common 激励：inspire→motivate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：His innovations helped feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population, lifting countless people out of hunger. 拓展句：His innovations helped feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population, which lifted countless people out of hunger. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In the 1970s, he successfully developed the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice strain, which dramatically increased rice production.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】In addition, what I admire most is his perseverance and humility.（运用了what引导的主语从句） 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The Forest’s Second Chance The forest bore the clear, painful scars of a recent, fierce battle — not with guns, but against raging flames. Three months back, a wildfire tore through the area with terrifying force, leaving a landscape of hopelessness and destruction. The once lively, thick woodland now lay in complete ruins. Burnt tree trunks stood like bony skeleton fingers. Their blackened wood felt rough and uneven to the touch. They stuck out like broken bones, reaching uselessly toward the gray, smoke-filled sky, as if making a last, helpless appeal. Tiny, weak flames still glowed in the narrow gaps between the trunks, like faint orange glimmers swaying gently, threatening to burst into a roaring blaze again. The ground, once soft with moss and full of colorful wildflowers — purple clover dancing in the wind and bright yellow daisies nodding — was now a hard, dry layer of ash. Stepping on it, the ash crumbled into fine, powdery dust that stuck to shoes, leaving light gray marks like disaster trails. It had a sharp smell that stung the nose and made eyes water. The air was thick with the lingering bad odor of burning wood, and a dead silence prevailed. The usual happy bird chirps, once filling the forest with life, were gone, leaving it in a strange, lonely quiet. That silence was shattered when the volunteers showed up. Many covered their mouths with hands, tears streaming down. Maria, the volunteer leader, her fingers trembling as she brushed ash off a scorched sapling(烧焦的幼苗), whispered in a choked voice, “It was so beautiful here before.” Old Mr. Henderson, silver-haired and bent, stood staring at the woodland he’d known for 40 years. His hands shook when touching a blackened tree trunk. Then he sighed heavily, full of grief. “We’ll fix it,” he said, softly but firmly. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Rolling up their sleeves, the volunteers got to work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, a true miracle unfolded before their eyes. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       Rolling up their sleeves, the volunteers got to work. Maria divided them into groups: some cleared charred branches and debris; others carried young saplings with soil-wrapped roots, avoiding warm patches. Mr. Henderson’s weathered hands dug holes steadily despite the ache. “Plant here, where sunlight reaches,” he said, pointing to gaps between old trunks. Silent, driven by quiet determination, the only sounds were shovel scrapes and rustling leaves. By dusk, rows of tiny green shoots stood amid the gray—a fragile hope.       A week later, a true miracle unfolded before their eyes. Saplings sprang to life, leaves glowing bright green. Wildflowers pushed through ash, petals faintly purple and yellow. A woodpecker tapped a charred trunk, its call echoing. Maria brushed ash off a sprouting fern, voice trembling with joy. Mr. Henderson smiled, eyes wrinkling gently. “It’s coming back,” he whispered. Scarred but unbroken, the forest took fragile steps toward renewal, a living promise that hope takes root even in the darkest of ashes. 【导语】本文以志愿者修复火灾后森林的行动与森林的复苏为线索展开，讲述了森林遭遇野火毁坏后，志愿者们齐心协力种植幼苗，最终森林重焕生机的故事。 【详解】 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“志愿者们卷起袖子，开始投入工作。”可知，第一段可描写志愿者们分工合作、辛勤种植幼苗的具体过程与场景。 ②由第二段首句内容“一周后，一个真正的奇迹在他们眼前上演。”可知，第二段可描写一周后森林里植物、动物的复苏景象，以及志愿者们的情感与感悟。 2. 续写线索： 志愿者抵达森林—— 分工劳作种植幼苗—— 幼苗挺立—— 一周后植物动物复苏—— 志愿者见证奇迹—— 森林迈向新生 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①清理： clear/ tidy up ②种植： plant/ sow ③拂去： brush off/ wipe away 情绪类 ①决心： determination/ resolve ②喜悦： joy/ delight 【点睛】【高分句型1】“Plant here, where sunlight reaches,” he said, pointing to gaps between old trunks.(运用了where引导的非限定性定语从句和现在分词作伴随状语) 【高分句型2】Scarred but unbroken, the forest took fragile steps toward renewal, a living promise that hope takes root even in the darkest of ashes.(运用了形容词作状语和that引导的同位语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $