专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高三英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·上海行知中学·期中）You might have seen spies in movies, dressed in cool outfits and using high-tech gadgets, but did you know that spying has been around for thousands of years? Check out this timeline to learn about spies from different periods in history. 1. ca. (大约) 3100 B.C. -332 B.C. Ancient Egyptian spies were some of the first to use poison to get the job done. To silence their enemies, they used killer methods which included poisons from plants and snakes. 2. ca. 1185-1600 The Japanese used spies called ninjas. These ninjas were experts in gathering secret information from enemies and competitors. They were trained since childhood in sneaking around and assassinating, but female ninjas would sneak into enemy locations by dressing up as dancers or servants. 3. ca. 1325-1521 Aztec spies, called quimichtin, lived in what’s now central Mexico. They were nicknamed “mice” because they worked at night to hide while spying. Their job was really dangerous, because if they got caught, they could be enslaved or even killed. That’s why they were paid more than most Aztec workers. 4. 1573 to 1590 Sir Francis Walsingham helped protect Queen Elizabeth I of England by creating a network of spies. They were skilled at reading coded letters and secretly opening and resealing envelopes containing information. 5. 1775-1783 Before he became president of what would soon become the United States, George Washington had a group of spies called the Culper Spy Ring during the Revolutionary War. One of its members, Anna Strong, sent coded messages through her laundry. She hung clothes according to color and number to tell soldiers where secret messages were hidden. For example, a black dress and two handkerchiefs might have meant “check the second closest river.” 6. 1861-1865 Harriet Tubman is famous for helping enslaved people in the United States escape North, where slavery was illegal. But she was also a spy during the Civil War. She made maps of the land so northern troops could safely travel through Southern states. 7. 1960s During the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union (now Russia), spy activities on both sides increased. To help, intelligence agencies developed sneaky gadgets for spies to eavesdrop and collect information. One popular device was the buttonhole camera, which could be controlled from inside a coat pocket. It allowed spies to secretly take a photo by opening a fake button on the coat. 8. 1916 During World War I, there was a Dutch dancer called Mata Hari. She accepted an assignment to spy for France in 1916 but actually worked for their enemy, Germany. She was found guilty of telling the Germans secrets about a new weapon that the French were using—the tank— and was put to death in 1917. 9. 2025 Today, spies don’t even need to leave their homes to collect secret information. They use computer programs called spyware from anywhere in the world to track activity and access top-secret information on faraway devices such as computers, tablets and smartphones. Many companies consider cyber espionage to be their number-one threat. 1.Aztec spies were nicknamed “mice” due to their ________. A. small and quick movements B. nighttime activities for spying C. expertise in hiding in dark places D. use of underground spaces for secret operations 2.Which of the following spies used secret codes to send messages to fellow spies? A. Mata Hari B. Harriet Tubman C. Sir Francis Walsingham D. Anna Strong 3.What can we know about spies throughout history? A. Spying has been around for a thousand years. B. Modern spies depend heavily on cool tools and outfits for the operations. C. Different cultures had their own spies with unique methods. D. The ways of spying have remained unchanged throughout history. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，以时间线形式介绍了不同历史时期的间谍活动。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。文章第3条提到“They were nicknamed ‘mice’ because they worked at night to hide while spying. (他们被起绰号‘老鼠’，是因为他们在夜间开展间谍活动时会隐蔽起来)”可知，阿兹特克间谍被称为“老鼠”是因为他们的夜间间谍活动。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。文章第5条提到“One of its members, Anna Strong, sent coded messages through her laundry. She hung clothes according to color and number to tell soldiers where secret messages were hidden. (其中一名成员Anna Strong通过洗衣物传递加密信息：她按颜色和数量悬挂衣物，告知士兵秘密信息的藏匿位置)”可知，Anna Strong用密码向其他间谍传递信息。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。原文列举了不同文化的间谍及方法：Ancient Egyptian“they used killer methods which included poisons from plants and snakes.(他们会使用致命手段，其中就包括提取自植物与蛇类的毒药)”；The Japanese“They were trained since childhood in sneaking around and assassinating, but female ninjas would sneak into enemy locations by dressing up as dancers or servants. (他们从小就接受潜行与暗杀的训练，而女忍者则会乔装成舞者或仆人的模样潜入敌方据点)”；Aztec“they worked at night to hide while spying (他们夜间隐蔽开展间谍活动)”可见不同文化有独特的间谍手段。故选C项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高三上·上海闵行区七宝中学·期中）Looking through videos on Sora, a new OpenAI video app, feels like entering a dream. On the screen, a woman in a judo jacket throws an elephant; a young skater turns quickly on the frozen rings of Saturn; and in another video, OpenAI’s boss Sam Altman seems to take a computer part from a shop. None of these scenes are real — they are all made by artificial intelligence. Unlike other video apps, Sora does not let users post or film real videos. Everything on it is made by AI. Users just type a few words — like “me as a movie hero” or “a child hugging my future self” — and the system creates the video at once. Though people can join only by invitation, Sora has already become the top app in the US and Canada. Some invite codes are even sold online for up to 30 dollars, showing how popular it is. But Sora’s success also raises a serious question: how sustainable is it? Each video costs OpenAI around one dollar to produce, meaning that every new post increases the company’s expenses. Many other social-media platforms rely on user-created content that costs almost nothing to host. In contrast, a video app powered fully by AI may struggle to earn money unless the technology becomes far more efficient. Still, Sora’s long-term value may not lie in entertainment at all. Researchers at Google DeepMind found that new video models can solve visual problems without special training. They start from random static (最初的混乱噪点画面) and slowly make it clear, improving each frame to fit the user’s words. Such models can sharpen a photo, show the parts of an image, or guess the next movement. For example, from a photo of hands holding a jar, the system can create a short video of the hands opening it. Because of this ability, video models are now seen as “zero-shot reasoners”. They can complete unfamiliar tasks by reasoning step by step through series of images — something earlier systems could not do. Experts believe that such models could soon become general-purpose tools for visual reasoning, capable of handling almost any visual challenge without additional training. The excitement about video AI brings back an earlier moment. In 2022, researchers said language models could solve new tasks, and ChatGPT soon proved it. If history repeats itself, today’s strange Sora videos may mark the start of a bigger change — when AI began to see and think, not just read and write. 1.According to the passage, which of the following is a major feature of Sora? A. It offers live video calls between AI users. B. It charges a fee each time a video is viewed. C. It lets users upload real videos to mix with AI content. D. It creates AI-generated videos from short descriptions. 2.What is one problem Sora may face in the future? A. It cannot attract enough video makers. B. It requires users to buy costly invite codes. C. It depends on expensive AI to make videos. D. It cannot be used outside the US and Canada. 3.Why does the writer mention “an earlier moment” in the last paragraph? A. To explain why AI companies often repeat errors. B. To highlight how quickly Sora became successful. C. To show that video AI may lead to a breakthrough. D. To suggest that video AI research began much earlier. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Sora proves that people prefer AI as a video creator. B. Sora shows a new stage in how machines think and see. C. AI video apps are too costly to be useful in the near future. D. Sora is popular mainly because of its strange and funny videos. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍OpenAI视频应用Sora的特点、面临的问题，及其展现的AI视觉推理新突破。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Users just type a few words — like “me as a movie hero” or “a child hugging my future self” — and the system creates the video at once.(用户只需输入几个字——比如“我作为电影英雄”或“一个孩子拥抱未来的自己”——系统就会立即生成视频)”可知，Sora的主要特点是能根据简短描述生成AI视频。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Each video costs OpenAI around one dollar to produce, meaning that every new post increases the company’s expenses.(每个视频的制作成本约为1美元，这意味着每一条新内容都会增加公司的开支)”可知，Sora未来可能面临的问题是依赖昂贵的AI技术生成视频，成本过高。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In 2022, researchers said language models could solve new tasks, and ChatGPT soon proved it. If history repeats itself, today’s strange Sora videos may mark the start of a bigger change — when AI began to see and think, not just read and write.(2022年，研究人员表示语言模型可以解决新任务，ChatGPT很快就证明了这一点。如果历史重演，如今Sora那些奇特的视频可能标志着一个更大变革的开始——AI开始观察和思考，而不仅仅是阅读和书写)”可推断，作者提及“早期时刻”是为了表明视频AI可能带来突破性变革。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段“Unlike other video apps, Sora does not let users post or film real videos. Everything on it is made by AI. Users just type a few words — like “me as a movie hero” or “a child hugging my future self” — and the system creates the video at once. (与其他视频应用不同，Sora不允许用户发布或拍摄真实视频。平台上的所有内容均由人工智能生成。用户只需输入寥寥数语——比如“我化身电影主角”或“一个孩子拥抱未来的自己”——系统就能立刻生成相应视频)”可知，文章围绕Sora展开，介绍其生成视频的特点、成本问题，重点阐述其具备的视觉推理能力，指出其标志着AI进入观察思考的新阶段。B选项“Sora展现了机器思考与观察的新阶段”精准概括文章核心。故选B项。 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海大同中学·期中）Climate change is caused by the extremely high levels of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide. We all know the effects could be disastrous, but are we aware of the possible solutions? Solution one: Though it sounds crazy, a group of researchers from British universities is making a plan to build a 12-mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, which would let a lot of chemicals, such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), go into the atmosphere. Surprisingly, there is good science behind the idea. The chemicals would form a protective layer around the earth that would reflect sunlight and so cool the earth, much like the effects of a volcanic eruption. Cost: around $10 billion a year Benefits: This plan would produce almost instant results. Risks: Volcanoes have almost destroy human in the past through the chemicals released in the atmosphere, and the same thing could happen again with this plan. Solution two: stir up (搅动) the oceans Intellectual Ventures, which is a company, has planned to build a million plastic tubes, each about 100 meters long, and use them to stir up the ocean. Why, you might be wondering, would we want to do this? Again, the answer is scientifically effective. The bottom of the ocean is almost freezing and by stirring it up, cold water would come to the surface and absorb (吸收) heat and CO2, and so cool the planet. Cost: tens of millions of dollars Benefits: This plan is relatively cheap and technically possible new. Risks: The tubes would possibly destroy sea life, and the plan may not work. Solution three: stop burning fossil fuels This is undoubtedly the best solution but is it really likely to happen in the near future? Cost: unknown Benefits: It’s a simple and effective plan. Risks: It may already be too late. Without real action, this plan could just mean “do nothing”. 1.Solution one is most likely to________. A. pump even more chemicals into the atmosphere B. form a protective layer with volcanic eruptions C. blow up a balloon to get rid of poisonous chemicals D. draw as much sunlight as possible 2.What can be learned about solution two? A. It needs more valid scientific experiment. B. It aims to cool the warm surface water in the ocean. C. It may do harm to animals and plants living in the sea D. It is much more expensive to carry out than solution one. 3.What does the writer think of solution three? A. It is effective because it will benefit world economy. B. Whether it will come true remains to be seen. C. Putting it into practice may cost nothing. D. Action has been taken to carry it out. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B 【解析】 本文为一篇说明文，介绍了由于大气排放有害化学物质引起的气候改变现象的三种解决方案。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章Solution one中关键句“Though it sounds crazy, a group of researchers from British universities is making a plan to build a 12-mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, which would let a lot of chemicals, such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), go into the atmosphere.”（尽管这听起来很疯狂，但英国大学的一组研究人员正在计划建造一条12英里长的管道，由一个巨大的气球支撑，这将使大量的化学物质，如二氧化硫进入大气。）可知，方案一更有可能向大气中排放更多的化学物质。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章Solution two: stir up the oceans中关键信息“Risks: The tubes would possibly destroy sea life, and the plan may not work.”（风险：这些管道可能会破坏海洋生物，这个计划可能行不通。）可知，方案二可能会对生活在海洋中的动物和植物造成伤害。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章Solution three: stop burning fossil fuels中关键句“This is undoubtedly the best solution but is it really likely to happen in the near future?”（这无疑是最好的解决方案，但它真的可能在不久的将来发生吗？）可知，作者认为方案三是否会成为现实还有待观察。故选B项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海晋元高级中学·期中）The smartest way to understand any system is to watch how people cheat it. And when it comes to office life few are more skilled than the artful dodgers of effort. Let’s start with Rule : Always look like you’re working. This can be as simple as walking fast with a serious expression, carrying a laptop you never open, or nodding thoughtfully in meetings while saying absolutely nothing. Pro tip: arrive a bit early, leave slightly late, and never be caught near the snacks too often. It’s a performance, and you’re the lead actor. Rule : Use technology to your lazy advantage. Thanks to smartphones and email, you can now pretend to be working while actually booking flights, reading about the history of cheese, or shopping for socks. If your fingers are typing and you appear deep in thought, no one will question you. The more windows you have open, the busier you look. Next up: Choose your job wisely. Avoid roles where results are easily measured — like sandwich making or heart surgery. Aim instead for jobs with vague responsibilities and plenty of meetings. Large corporations and departments no one fully understands (e.g., “digital innovation synergy”) are excellent hiding spots. Research backs this up. One Swedish study revealed many employees spend over two hours a day doing absolutely nothing useful. Some even watched internet videos or organized their fantasy football teams — all without anyone noticing. Then there’s Rule : Confuse your boss with tech. Create spreadsheets with mysterious formulas (公式). Use acronyms (首字母缩略词) no one understands. Keep a second monitor open with code or charts. The goal is to make your work look so complicated that nobody dares to ask questions. Lastly, remember: It’s not about laziness — it’s about survival. In an age of pointless meetings and “urgent” emails about nothing, knowing when not to work is a skill. And if your coworkers admire how “calm” and “focused” you are under pressure, they’ll never suspect that you’re mostly just excellent at pretending. So, put on your most serious face, open a spreadsheet, and get ready to do the minimum with maximum style. 1.Which of the following best describes “the artful dodgers of effort” (paragraph 1)? A. Employees who cause problems to avoid responsibilities. B. Workers who do very little while looking extremely busy. C. New employees who struggle to keep up with demanding workloads. D. Team leaders who distribute tasks unfairly among their team members. 2.What suggestion does the writer give in terms of choosing a job? A. Look for one where your effort can be measured. B. Select one that keeps you active throughout the day. C. Choose one with flexible hours and high expectations D. Pick one where it’s hard to track how much you’re doing. 3.Why does the writer advise presenting spreadsheets with mysterious-looking calculations? A. To make your work seem too complex to question. B. To prevent others from spotting errors in the sheet. C. To help managers make quicker and easier decisions. D. To appear skilled and knowledgeable in data analysis. 4.Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with? A. True success only comes from constant productivity. B. Laziness should be avoided in any professional setting. C. Faking efficiency is a smart strategy for getting by at work. D. Employees who appear calm are usually the most hardworking. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文调侃职场中部分员工假装忙碌、实际少干活的生存技巧。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第一段“The smartest way to understand any system is to watch how people cheat it. And when it comes to office life few are more skilled than the artful dodgers of effort.(理解一套体系最聪明的方式就是观察人们如何钻它的空子。说到职场生活，几乎没人比the artful dodgers of effort更精通此道。)”以及下文Rule “Always look like you’re working.(总要让自己看上去在工作)”可知，the artful dodgers of effort指看上去十分忙碌实际干活很少的员工。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Avoid roles where results are easily measured — like sandwich making or heart surgery. Aim instead for jobs with vague responsibilities and plenty of meetings.(要避开那些成果容易被量化评判的工作，比如制作三明治或是心脏外科手术。转而选择工作职责模糊、会议繁多的岗位。)”可知，作者建议挑选难以衡量工作量的岗位。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第六段“Create spreadsheets with mysterious formulas (公式). Use acronyms (首字母缩略词) no one understands. Keep a second monitor open with code or charts. The goal is to make your work look so complicated that nobody dares to ask questions.(制作带有神秘公式的电子表格，使用没人看得懂的首字母缩写词。另一台显示器一直开着，上面显示代码或各类图表。目的就是让你的工作看起来无比复杂，以至于没人敢问问题。)”可知，建议使用难懂表格，是为了让工作显得太过复杂而不被质疑。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第七段“Lastly, remember: It’s not about laziness — it’s about survival. In an age of pointless meetings and “urgent” emails about nothing, knowing when not to work is a skill.(最后，请记住：这无关懒惰，而是关乎生存。在这个充斥着无意义会议、以及内容空洞却标着 “紧急” 的邮件的时代，懂得什么时候不去工作，本身就是一种能力。)”以及结尾“get ready to do the minimum with maximum style.(准备好体面地最少干活)”，可推知作者认为假装高效是职场过得去的巧妙策略。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海向明中学·期中）The Motivated Sequence (序列) of Public Speech The motivated sequence gets its name partly because it follows John Dewey’s problem-solution model for thinking and partly because it makes attractive analyses of these problems and their solutions by tying them to human motives. That is, the motivated sequence is both problem-driven and motivation-centered There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence: 1. You must get people to attend to some problem, or to feel discomfort strongly enough to want to hear more. 2. You can create more specific wants or desires, a personal sense of need. 3. When wants or needs are created, you can attempt to satisfy them by showing what can be done to solve the problem or relieve the sense of discomfort. 4. Simply describing a course of action may not be enough, so in the fourth place you can visualize the world as it would look if the actions were carried out, and what it might be like if they were not. 5. With that, if you have done these four tasks well, audience members should be ready to act - to put into practice the proposed solution to their problems. The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches. It could be used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Or, you could use it to sell a friend insurance. You can also use it to talk about social problems, such as the environment and the economy. Five steps Audience response 1 Attention Getting attention I want to listen. 2 Need Showing the need: describing the solution Something needs to be done. 3 Satisfaction Satisfying the need: presenting the solution This is what to do to satisfy the need 4 Visualization Visualizing the results ? 5 Action Requesting action or approval I will do this. 1.What is the possible response from the audience in step 4? A. I can imagine how this will benefit me. B. I understand why this is necessary. C. I know exactly what to do next. D. I am ready to take action now. 2.How does the passage suggest the motivated sequence connects to human motives? A. By analyzing psychological theories of motivation. B. By combining problem-solving with human desires. C. By emphasizing the importance of emotional language. D. By providing statistical evidence of audience behavior. 3.Xiao Wang is trying to persuade his classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Help him draft a speech by putting the following five sentences in the right order based on the motivated sequence. (1) With the steady supply of blood, emergencies will be met with timely treatment. (2) You can help by filling out the blood donors’ cards I am passing out. (3) Our area is short of blood of all types to meet emergency needs. (4) A man died last night in a traffic accident because he lost too much blood. (5) A blood donors’ association guarantees a predictable, steady supply of blood to the medical community. A. 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 B. 4 – 1 – 5 – 3 – 2 C. 4 – 3 – 5 – 1 – 2 D. 3 – 4 – 5 – 1 – 2 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了公共演讲中的“激励序列”结构，阐述了其五个步骤的内涵、适用场景以及各步骤对应的听众反应。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence:下列第4条“Simply describing a course of action may not be enough, so in the fourth place you can visualize the world as it would look if the actions were carried out, and what it might be like if they were not.(仅仅描述行动过程可能不够，因此在第四步，你可以让听众想象如果采取行动世界会是什么样子，如果不采取行动又会是什么样子。)”可知，第四步是让听众进行想象，预见行动带来的结果。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段内容“The motivated sequence gets its name partly because it follows John Dewey’s problem-solution model for thinking and partly because it makes attractive analyses of these problems and their solutions by tying them to human motives.(激励序列之所以得名，部分原因是它遵循杜威的问题解决思维模式，部分原因是它将这些问题及其解决方案与人类动机联系起来，从而对其进行有吸引力的分析。)”可知，激励序列通过将问题解决与人类需求、动机相结合来与人类动机建立联系。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据激励序列的五个步骤：Attention（引起注意）→ Need（揭示需求）→ Satisfaction（提出方案）→ Visualization（展望结果）→ Action（呼吁行动）进行排序。(4) A man died last night in a traffic accident because he lost too much blood. (昨晚一名男子死于交通事故，因为他失血过多。)用事例引起注意，对应第一步Attention。(3) Our area is short of blood of all types to meet emergency needs. (我们地区缺乏各种类型的血液来满足紧急需求。)指出缺血的问题，揭示需求，对应第二步Need。(5) A blood donors’ association guarantees a predictable, steady supply of blood to the medical community. (献血者协会保证向医学界提供可预测、稳定的血液供应。)提出成立献血者协会的解决方案，对应第三步Satisfaction。(1) With the steady supply of blood, emergencies will be met with timely treatment. (随着血液供应的稳定，紧急情况将得到及时治疗。)展望方案实施后的良好结果，对应第四步Visualization。(2) You can help by filling out the blood donors’ cards I am passing out. (你可以帮我填写我分发的献血卡。)呼吁大家填写表格、采取行动，对应第五步Action。因此正确顺序为4–3–5–1–2，故选C。 Passage 4 （25-26高三上·上海普陀区曹杨第二中学·期中）If you know someone with borderline personality disorder (BPD), you’re aware of how quickly they can step up from mild annoyance to outbursts of anger. However, Sonya Varma, a professor from York University, wondered, do people with BPD have problems in all aspects of this process? Could they have an as-yet-undiscovered set of emotional strengths? According to new research by Varma and her colleagues, emotion regulation involves both the internal reactions of the body and the conscious efforts people make to label those bodily feelings. This labeling process, they maintain, could make all the difference when it comes to settling back down and putting the mind back at rest. To tease apart these features of emotion regulation, Varma designed an experimental situation in which they put participants into an “emotion induction (引导)” treatment. Participants read a story that was intended to cause a negative emotion such as a hit-and-run car accident or the death of your dog. The sample included 29 participants with diagnosed BPD who were age- and sex-matched with healthy controls, and they ranged in age from 18 to 60. To examine the effect of labeling, Varma asked their participants to type their current emotional states into a computer, choosing from a set they saw on the screen. They could use the same word multiple times if they wished. If indeed people with BPD have difficulty labeling their emotions, then this fault should have been reflected in their ability to return to baseline (起点) after the negative emotion induction. However, the findings surprisingly ran counter to the research team’s expectations: People with BPD were equal to the control participants in the negativity of their expressed emotion, the intensity of that emotion, and even the words they used to describe their emotions. Although using a wider range of words following the emotion induction helped to bring about greater physiological control for all participants, there were no differences between groups in this effect. Given its role in helping restore physiological peace, it appears that regardless of whether someone has BPD or not, it can be beneficial to learn to label your emotions. When you’re starting down the pathway of experiencing a negative emotion, you can benefit by applying an accurate label to that emotion as opposed to holding it back or calling it something else. This can potentially prevent engagement in destructive behaviors that may function to downregulate emotion such as self-harm. To sum up, this new information about BPD can offer hope that at least one key element of the emotion regulation process appears to function effectively. Building on this strength could very well provide a new and unexplored pathway for their satisfaction. 1.According to paragraph 1 and 2, people with BPD _________. A. may be good at labeling bodily feelings B. may lose their temper easily and suddenly C. encounter problems in every aspect of their life D. have emotional strengths like emotion regulation 2.The underlined phrase “tease apart” (Para 3, Line 1) is closest in meaning to _________. A. identify B. combine C. emphasize D. dominate 3.What can be inferred from Varma’s experiment? A. Negative emotions affect the ability to reflect. B. Healthy controls excel at regulating their mental state. C. Rich expressions contribute to psychological stability. D. People with BPD met the research team’s expectations. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. A new pathway of regulating emotions. B. A method of consciously labeling emotions. C. An unexpected strength of people with BPD. D. An involuntary reaction to people with BPD. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述患有边缘性人格障碍的人令人意想不到的一个优势。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“If you know someone with borderline personality disorder (BPD), you’re aware of how quickly they can step up from mild annoyance to outbursts of anger.(如果你认识一个患有边缘性人格障碍（BPD）的人，你会意识到他们从轻微的烦恼到爆发愤怒的速度有多快)”可知，患有BPD的人可能容易突然发脾气。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。结合划线部分后“Varma designed an experimental situation in which they put participants into an ‘emotion induction (引导)’ treatment(Varma设计了一个实验情境，让参与者接受‘情绪引导’治疗)”及下一段中提到的试验结果“People with BPD were equal to the control participants in the negativity of their expressed emotion, the intensity of that emotion, and even the words they used to describe their emotions.(BPD患者表达情绪的消极程度，情绪的强度，甚至他们用来描述自己情绪的词汇，都与对照组的参与者相同)”可推知，Varma的试验目的是梳理情绪调节的特征，tease apart意为“梳理，确认”。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Although using a wider range of words following the emotion induction helped to bring about greater physiological control for all participants, there were no differences between groups in this effect.(尽管在情绪引导之后使用更广泛的词汇有助于所有参与者获得更强的生理控制能力，但在这种效果上，各组之间没有差异)”可知，丰富的表达有助于心理稳定。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合倒数第二段首句“Given its role in helping restore physiological peace, it appears that regardless of whether someone has BPD or not, it can be beneficial to learn to label your emotions.(考虑到BPD在帮助恢复生理平静方面的作用，似乎不管一个人是否患有BPD，学会给自己的情绪贴上标签都是有益的)”及最后一段中“To sum up, this new information about BPD can offer hope that at least one key element of the emotion regulation process appears to function effectively. Building on this strength could very well provide a new and unexplored pathway for their satisfaction.(综上所述，BPD的新信息可以提供希望，情绪调节过程中至少有一个关键因素有效发挥作用。建立在这一优势的基础上，可以很好地为他们的满意度提供一条新的、未被探索的途径)”可知，文章主要讲述患有边缘性人格障碍的人令人意想不到的一个优势。故选C项。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海晋元高级中学·期中）For many members of China’s post-00s generation, spending patterns have shifted from material possessions to emotional fulfillment. A 2025 survey by the Workplace Human Laboratory reveals that while these young consumers are remarkably practical, they are also eager to invest in experiences that bring meaning and joy. College students today often describe life as a search for adventure rather than accumulation. “I’d rather save up for a concert or a trip than buy something that simply looks good,” said Qi Qi, a 23-year-old from Beijing. This balance between practicality and emotion has become the defining feature of their consumption philosophy. They seek value for money, yet are willing to pay more for moments that enrich their lives or expand their horizons. Interestingly, researchers found that post-00s are not as free-spending as common belief suggests. Nearly half of respondents said they buy merely what they truly need, while a quarter prioritize cost performance — how well a product serves its purpose relative to its price. Only small minorities pay extra for luxury brands. On social platforms, these students exchange reviews, compare prices, and even celebrate smart spending by purchasing second-hand items. However, being practical doesn’t mean ignoring feelings. When asked about ideal “emotional consumption,” 84 percent chose tourism, followed by hobbies such as photography or playing instruments, and interactive experiences like escape rooms or live music. “I spend generously on travel because it makes me genuinely happy,” explained another respondent. Such spending, they argue, is an investment in well-being rather than material pleasure. Technology also shapes their everyday “necessities.” Smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and electric bicycles dominate their wish lists, replacing many traditional symbols of youth life. “Electric bikes are not just convenient — they save time and energy,” noted one participant. Moreover, 71 percent reported paying for digital services, from software memberships to online learning tools, signaling a readiness to invest in virtual experiences as well. Behind these choices lies a generation redefining what consumption means. For them, growth is measured less by possessions than by experience, reflection, and connection. Their spending, though carefully calculated, embodies a desire to live deliberately — to seek both efficiency and emotional depth in a fast-paced, digital world. 1.The word “accumulation” (paragraph 2) can be best replaced by “________”. A. pleasant experiences B. spending habits C. practical items D. material gain 2.Which statement about post-00s consumption is supported by the research findings? A. Most are willing to pay more for luxury brands. B. Around half buy only what they consider essential. C. The majority spend more on devices than on travel. D. Fewer than one-third engage in online comparisons. 3.What does the passage imply about the financial awareness of this generation? A. They lack confidence in managing money independently. B. They avoid comparing prices or seeking product reviews. C. They are disciplined and analytical in evaluating purchases D. They make spending decisions based on short-term pleasure. 4.What is the central message of the passage? A. Social media fuels unrealistic expectations. B. Young Chinese prize experiences over possessions. C. Financial moderation now defines youth consumption. D. Modern technology is reshaping how China’s youth spend. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过引用2025年“职场人类实验室”的调查结果及多位受访者的观点，介绍了中国“00后”一代的消费观——他们在消费上注重实用、讲求性价比，同时又愿意为旅游、兴趣爱好等能带来情感满足和人生意义的体验型消费买单，体现了这一代人从“物质占有”向“情感体验”转变的消费理念。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“College students today often describe life as a search for adventure rather than accumulation.(如今的大学生常把生活描述为一场追寻冒险的旅程，而不是accumulation)”及“rather than(而不是)连接的两个成分，A rather than B在结构上对等、语义上相反”可知，adventure(冒险、体验)与accumulation形成对比，a search for adventure指“追求精神体验”，那么accumulation必然指向与之对立的“追求物质”。即生活不是追求物质财富的积累，而是追求体验，因此accumulation意为“积累、聚敛”，与“material gain(物质所得)”意思最接近。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nearly half of respondents said they buy merely what they truly need, while a quarter prioritize cost performance — how well a product serves its purpose relative to its price.(近一半的受访者表示，他们只购买真正需要的产品，而有四分之一的人则更注重性价比——即产品在价格与功能表现之间的匹配程度)”可知，约一半的00后消费者只购买自己认为必需的商品。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Nearly half of respondents said they buy merely what they truly need, while a quarter prioritize cost performance — how well a product serves its purpose relative to its price.(近一半的受访者表示，他们只购买真正需要的产品，而有四分之一的人则更注重性价比——即产品在价格与功能表现之间的匹配程度)”以及“On social platforms, these students exchange reviews, compare prices, and even celebrate smart spending by purchasing second-hand items.(在社交平台上，这些学生会互相交换评价、比较价格，甚至通过购买二手商品来庆祝明智消费)”可知，这代年轻人消费时精打细算、理性分析，善于评估商品是否物有所值。由此推知，他们有节制且善于分析。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“They seek value for money, yet are willing to pay more for moments that enrich their lives or expand their horizons.(他们追求物有所值，但同时又愿意为充实生活、开阔眼界的时刻支付更高的价格)”及最后一段“For them, growth is measured less by possessions than by experience, reflection, and connection.(对他们而言，成长的衡量标准不在于拥有什么，而在于体验、思考与联结)”可知，本文的中心思想是：中国年轻人更看重情感体验而非物质占有。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海徐汇区·期中） For the time being it’s dominant — but as the Romans could tell you, nothing lasts forever. Given that 1,500 languages could disappear by the end of this century, by some estimates, some may find it absurd to even ask this question. English is certainly not on the endangered list. As the one truly global language, it is more often labelled an “exterminator”, a huge yet slow dinosaur that unknowingly crushes unfortunate smaller languages underfoot — or undertongue. The fact is, though, that no language has yet proved eternal. Subjects of the Roman or Egyptian empires might once have assumed that their languages would last forever, like their dominance, but they were wrong. “English could of course die, just as Egyptian died,” says linguist Martin Haspelmath. The more interesting questions are: when and how? Predicting the future of any language is, most linguists believe, an exercise in question. The code by which we communicate is subject to so many complex and interacting forces that we can’t do much more than guess. Still, most experts would agree on a few guiding principles. Migration is a major driver of language change, as is technology — though the two can counteract as well as promote each other. Some predict that international migration will rise as the climate crisis intensifies, and technological renewal is speeding up, but they aren’t the only factors in the mix. Widespread literacy and schooling — both only a few hundred years old — act as brakes on linguistic evolution, by imposing common standards. We’re in uncharted territory. English could come under pressure as a global lingua franca if, for instance, India drops English as an official language. “A hundred years from now, the world could be very different,” Haspelmath says. But English will still be spoken in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, in all likelihood. And we have to distinguish between two phenomena: the resizing of English’s dominion, and its own internal evolution. English exists today in many spoken variants, just as Latin did before it exploded into Romance. Those variants are being held together by a common written form and the Internet — adhesive (黏合的) forces that were absent in the late Roman empire, most of whose subjects were illiterate — so English is unlikely to go the way of Latin. As for the combined impact of migration and technology on the nature of English, that’s harder to anticipate. Although the language has never stood still, the growing inflow of non-native English speakers to English- speaking strongholds could start a period of accelerated change, leading to a new language in need of a new name: post-modern English. And if machine translation is taken up on a massive scale, both the residents and the immigrants could be relieved of the pressure to learn each other’s languages. The point is that even if we can’t predict how English will change, we can be sure that it will, and that no global language is immune from extinction. Both Latin and Egyptian were spoken for more than 2, 000 years; English has been going strong for about 1,500. It’s looking healthy now, but its days could yet be numbered. 1.What can be inferred from the first three paragraphs? A. English is and will not be an endangered language. B. English intentionally exterminates other languages. C. Even historically dominant languages eventually decline. D. Predicting the future of any language is never possible. 2.What helps maintain the unity of English despite its many spoken variants? A. The common written form and the Internet. B. The combined effects of migration and technology. C. The widespread literacy and online communication. D. The ongoing dominance of English in the West. 3.Which statement best reflects the author’s view on the long-term future of English? A. English is most likely to remain widely spoken, though its exact form may shift. B. English may eventually evolve into a new language, influenced by many factors. C. English is safe from extinction because of its common written form and the Internet. D. English might disappear soon due to political shifts and technological changes. 4.Which of the following would be the most suitable title for this passage? A. When Migration and Technology Collide with Words B. Extinction or Evolution: Predicting English’s Fate C. What Will Replace English as the Global Language? D. Could the English Language Really Die someday? 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了英语当下是全球通用语，但无语言永恒，其未来难精准预测，受移民、科技等影响会演变，大概率仍广泛使用，但长远来看也并非不会走向消亡。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“For the time being it’s dominant — but as the Romans could tell you, nothing lasts forever.(目前它占据着主导地位——但正如罗马人所能告诉你的那样，一切都不会永远持续下去)”以及第三段“Subjects of the Roman or Egyptian empires might once have assumed that their languages would last forever, like their dominance, but they were wrong. “English could of course die, just as Egyptian died,” says linguist Martin Haspelmath.(罗马帝国或埃及帝国的臣民们或许曾认为，他们的语言会像其统治地位一样永远延续下去，但事实并非如此。语言学家马丁·哈斯佩尔马赫表示：“英语当然也可能消亡，就像埃及语曾经消亡一样。”)”可知，任何曾经占据主导地位的语言最终都会衰落。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第七段“Those variants are being held together by a common written form and the Internet — adhesive (黏合的) forces that were absent in the late Roman empire, most of whose subjects were illiterate — so English is unlikely to go the way of Latin.(这些英语变体靠统一书面形式与互联网维系着整体性——这两种黏合力量在罗马帝国晚期并不存在，当时帝国多数民众都是文盲——因此英语不大可能重蹈拉丁语的覆辙)”可知，尽管英语存在多种不同的口语形式，但是共通的书面形式和互联网帮助保持了英语的统一性。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第七段“But English will still be spoken in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, in all likelihood. And we have to distinguish between two phenomena: the resizing of English’s dominion, and its own internal evolution. English exists today in many spoken variants, just as Latin did before it exploded into Romance.(但英语仍很可能会在欧洲、北美、澳大利亚和新西兰等地被使用。我们必须区分两种现象：英语势力范围的缩小，以及其自身的内部演变。如今英语存在多种口语变体，就如同拉丁语在分化为各种罗曼语之前那样)”以及倒数第二段“Although the language has never stood still, the growing inflow of non-native English speakers to English-speaking strongholds could start a period of accelerated change, leading to a new language in need of a new name: post-modern English.(尽管语言从未停滞不前，但越来越多的非英语母语者涌入英语使用最为广泛的地区，这可能会开启一个加速变化的时期，从而催生一种新的语言，需要一个新的名称：后现代英语)”可知，英语可能会最终演变成一种新的语言，并受到多种因素的影响。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Given that 1,500 languages could disappear by the end of this century, by some estimates, some may find it absurd to even ask this question. English is certainly not on the endangered list. As the one truly global language, it is more often labelled an “exterminator”, a huge yet slow dinosaur that unknowingly crushes unfortunate smaller languages underfoot — or undertongue.(据一些估算，到本世纪末可能有1500种语言会消失，有人或许会觉得连提出这个问题都很荒谬。英语显然不在濒危语言之列，作为唯一真正的全球通用语，它更常被称为 “语言终结者”—— 就像一头庞大却行动迟缓的恐龙，在不经意间将不幸的小语种碾压于脚下、扼杀于唇齿之间)”结合文章主要说明了英语当下是全球通用语，但无语言永恒，其未来难精准预测，受移民、科技等影响会演变，大概率仍广泛使用，但长远来看也并非不会走向消亡。可知，D选项“英语有一天真的会消亡吗？”最符合文章标题。故选D。 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海徐汇区·期中）America’s Bald Eagles — A Remarkable Story of Success When it comes to wildlife, most narratives emphasize catastrophe and species loss caused by human activity. So it is refreshing to encounter exceptions, and perhaps no story is more inspiring in the United States than that of the bald eagle, rescued from near extinction. Its status as America’s national emblem (国徽) may have drawn attention, but symbolic respect alone could not safeguard the species. Originally widespread across North America, the bald eagle was a natural choice for a national symbol, with its impressive wingspan, commanding presence, and unique association with the continent. Yet over the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the species faced constant threats. Urban expansion, agricultural development, and indiscriminate hunting gradually reduced its numbers to dangerously low levels. Federal protection and public awareness campaigns became essential to prevent complete collapse. A key factor in the eagle’s decline was widespread pesticide use, particularly DDT. Affected fish disrupted reproduction, as eagles laid eggs with shells too fragile to survive. Awareness of the problem, brought to national attention by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, eventually led to the banning of DDT and marked a pivotal turning point in conservation efforts. To accelerate recovery, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service developed a captive-breeding program. Scientists artificially incubated (孵化) initial groups of eggs, allowing eagles to produce following groups naturally, which significantly promoted population growth. These joint efforts, alongside habitat protection and strict legal safeguards, gradually restored the species. Today, bald eagle populations have rebounded impressively. While still classified as “threatened” and protected under multiple federal statutes, the species’ resurgence illustrates the power of sustained conservation, legislative action, and public engagement. Their recovery stands as a proof to what can be achieved when humans take responsibility for preserving the natural world. The story of the bald eagle demonstrates that even severe population declines can be reversed with careful planning, dedicated effort, and societal commitment. It is a rare and compelling example of human intervention successfully preserving both a national symbol and a species once on the brink of extinction. The bald eagle’s comeback reminds us that, with alertness and cooperation, it is possible to balance human activity with the survival of the wild. 1.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the bald eagle being the national emblem? A. To prove that the bald eagle was more important than any other animals. B. To illustrate that the bald eagle’s popularity led to its decline. C. To suggest that its near extinction was caused by American’s neglect. D. To emphasize that admiration was insufficient to protect the species. 2.What does the underlined phrase “a pivotal turning point” in para. 3 most likely refer to? A. The first scientific discovery of the harmful effects of pesticides. B. The introduction of laws protecting endangered wildlife species. C. The ban on DDT following the awareness raised by Silent Spring. D. The publication of Rachel Carson’s book and her later recognition. 3.Which measure contributed most directly to the population recovery of bald eagles? A. The ban on pesticide use in bald eagles’ habitats. B. The breeding plan and egg incubation system. C. The improvement of public awareness campaigns. D. Science writers’ appeal to protect bald eagles. 4.What larger message does the author convey through the story of the bald eagle’s revival? A. Restoring nature requires advanced technology and strict management. B. Human efforts, when consistent and collective, can reverse grave damage. C. Symbolic species often recover faster because they attract more sympathy. D. Environmental protection depends mainly on political will and legislation. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文讲述美国白头海雕曾因人类活动濒临灭绝，经禁用杀虫剂、人工繁育等保护措施种群回升，印证人类合力可逆转生态破坏。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Its status as America’s national emblem (国徽) may have drawn attention, but symbolic respect alone could not safeguard the species.(它作为美国国徽的地位或许吸引了人们的关注，但仅靠象征性的尊重是无法保护这种物种的)”可知，作者提及“白头海雕成为国徽”是为了强调仅仅出于敬仰而无法保护该物种是不够的。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段“A key factor in the eagle’s decline was widespread pesticide use, particularly DDT. Affected fish disrupted reproduction, as eagles laid eggs with shells too fragile to survive. Awareness of the problem, brought to national attention by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, eventually led to the banning of DDT and marked a pivotal turning point in conservation efforts.(鹰数量减少的一个关键因素是广泛使用的杀虫剂，尤其是滴滴涕。受污染的鱼类破坏了鹰的繁殖能力，因为它们产下的蛋壳过于脆弱，无法存活。这一问题引起了人们的广泛关注，这在蕾切尔·卡森的《寂静的春天》一书的推动下，最终促使滴滴涕被禁用，并标志着保护工作的一个重要转折点)”可知，蕾切尔·卡森的《寂静的春天》让公众关注到杀虫剂的危害，最终促成了滴滴涕（DDT）的禁用，这成了一个关键转折点，故划线词指的是“在《寂静的春天》引发公众关注之后，对滴滴涕的禁用”。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“To accelerate recovery, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service developed a captive-breeding program. Scientists artificially incubated (孵化) initial groups of eggs, allowing eagles to produce following groups naturally, which significantly promoted population growth. These joint efforts, alongside habitat protection and strict legal safeguards, gradually restored the species.(为了加快物种的恢复进程，美国鱼类及野生动物管理局制定了一个人工繁育计划。科学家们人工孵化了首批鸟蛋，让鹰群能够自然地产下后续的蛋，这极大地促进了种群数量的增长。这些共同努力，再加上栖息地保护和严格的法律保障，最终使该物种得以恢复)”可知，培育计划和孵化系统对白头海雕种群的恢复起到了最直接的作用。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“While still classified as “threatened” and protected under multiple federal statutes, the species’ resurgence illustrates the power of sustained conservation, legislative action, and public engagement.(尽管该物种仍被列为“濒危”物种，并受到多项联邦法规的保护，但其数量的回升表明了持续的保护工作、立法行动以及公众参与所产生的巨大作用)”以及最后一段“The bald eagle’s comeback reminds us that, with alertness and cooperation, it is possible to balance human activity with the survival of the wild.(白头海雕的重新回归提醒我们，只要保持警觉并相互协作，就有可能在人类活动与野生生物的生存之间找到平衡)”可知，作者通过白头海雕回归的故事想要传达的更深刻的意义是当人类的努力保持一致并形成合力时，能够扭转严重的损害。故选B。 Passage 2 Living with Fire: Surviving the Forest Wildfires of California California wildfires can cause devastating damage to property and human lives. But for plant species that have lived for thousands of years in the fire-prone Sierra Nevada, forest fires are an expected part of the natural environment. This infographic introduces four different California plant species, all with different adaptations to fire. Giant Sequoia·Sequoiadendron giganteum The giant sequoia is the typical example of a fire-adapted plant species. One of the largest trees in the world, giant sequoias grow particularly well in the mineral soil exposed by wildfire. Giant sequoias also have thick bark that protects them from low-severity fires. Because younger trees may catch fire easily, giant sequoia trees grow quickly as another adaptation to fire-prone environments. Fire-Resistant Bark Mature trees can have bark up to 2 feet thick, although 6-8inches is more common. This species grows to a height of 250feet-about the wing span of a Boeing 747. Seed Germination (发芽) Giant sequoia seeds germinate particularly well in mineral soil — the soil layer below the needles and decomposed material on forest floor that is exposed after fires burn. Fireweed·Chamerion angustifolium After a wildfire, fireweed is one of the first plants to re-grow in burned areas. Like many other plants that grow in openings created by fire, fireweed seeds are spread by wind. This allows the plant to reach newly burned areas, even if the parent plant is far away. Fireweed is an important post-disturbance species because it can recycle nutrients from burned soil. In fact, it was one of the most abundant species to recolonize Mount St. Helens after the 1980 volcanic eruption. Wind-spread Seeds Each fireweed plant can produce 80,000 seeds per year. These small seeds are dispersed by wind, allowing fireweed to quickly establish colonies in newly disturbed areas. Ponderosa Pine·Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine has thick bark plates that protect the tree’s interior and help the tree survive most fires. Mature trees can withstand high-severity fires, and even young trees can survive low-intensity fires. These trees also drop their lower branches as they grow. With less fuel near the ground, there’s less chance that fire will spread from the ground up into the living canopy (树冠) tree, destroying the pine needles required for photosynthesis. Finally, ponderosa pine trees have deep roots that are less likely to be damaged by fire. Fire-Resistant Bark The bark of mature ponderosa pine trees is thick and plated. This fire-resistant bark covers a very moist core that also helps to get rid of heat from wildfires. California Lilac·Ceanothus cordulatus California Lilac seeds are covered by an extremely hard seed coat. Wildfires crack open this coating, which then allows water to reach the seed and begin the sprouting process. Seedlings seldom sprout if there is no fire to begin the process of germination. In fact, California lilac seeds can lie inactive for hundreds of years until the next wildfire, although the areas where California lilac grows naturally experience fire every one or two decades. Buried Seeds California Lilac seeds buried within the soil can withstand fires as hot as 220°F (105℃) Soil Seed Bank Because seeds require fire to germinate, dropped seeds accumulate in soil “seed banks” every year. In some forests, there are almost 2 million California lilac seeds per acre of soil. 1.Which of the following is a correct match for the plant and its features? A. Giant Sequoia: thick bark and quick growth. B. Fireweed: fast regrowth and wind-spread branches. C. Ponderosa Pine: strong lower branches and big canopy. D. California Lilac: hard seed coat and inactivity after fires. 2.A mountainous region has just experienced its first major wildfire in years. The fire burned extremely hot, leaving behind deep layers of ash and exposed soil. The area is expected to remain open, with strong seasonal winds blowing across it. Which plant would most likely to recolonise this environment? A. Giant Sequoia. B. Fireweed. C. Ponderosa Pine. D. California Lilac 3.Where would you most likely find the above piece of information? A. In a travel guide about California forests. B. In a gardening magazine focused on domestic plants. C. In a newspaper report on recent California wildfires. D. In a field guide about fire-adapted plants. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了四种加州植物对火灾的适应性特征。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Giant Sequoia部分的内容“Giant sequoias also have thick bark that protects them from low-severity fires. Because younger trees may catch fire easily, giant sequoia trees grow quickly as another adaptation to fire-prone environments.(巨杉还长有厚实的树皮，能保护它们抵御低烈度火灾。由于幼树更容易着火，因此快速生长成为了巨杉适应火灾频发环境的另一种生存策略)”可知，巨杉具备厚树皮和生长迅速的特点。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Fireweed部分的内容“After a wildfire, fireweed is one of the first plants to re-grow in burned areas. Like many other plants that grow in openings created by fire, fireweed seeds are spread by wind.(森林火灾过后，柳兰是最早在过火区域重新生长的植物之一。和许多生长在火灾过后开阔地带的植物一样，柳兰的种子靠风力传播)”可知，柳兰在火灾后率先再生，且种子依靠风力传播，适合火灾后裸露、多风的开阔区域。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Living with Fire: Surviving the Forest Wildfires of California California wildfires can cause devastating damage to property and human lives. But for plant species that have lived for thousands of years in the fire-prone Sierra Nevada, forest fires are an expected part of the natural environment. This infographic introduces four different California plant species, all with different adaptations to fire.(伴火而生：在加州森林野火中存活 加州的森林野火会对财产和生命造成毁灭性的破坏。但对于在火灾频发的内华达山脉繁衍了数千年的植物物种而言，森林野火是自然环境中可预见的一部分。这份信息图介绍了四种不同的加州植物，它们均进化出了各异的野火适应机制)”可知，本文是一篇信息图介绍，聚焦加利福尼亚四种适应火灾环境的植物，分别阐述了每种植物的形态特征、抗火或灾后再生的机制。最有可能出现在关于适应火灾的植物的野外指南中。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海闵行区七宝中学·期中）Why Do We Do Things That Are Bad for Us? Ancient Puzzle More than two thousand years ago, Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle debated a question that still feels modern: Why do people act against what they believe is best? They called this phenomenon akrasia — a failure of self-control in the face of temptation. While Socrates argued that truly knowing the good would make wrongdoing impossible, Aristotle observed that human desire often weakens our judgment, turning clear thinking into hesitation and regret. Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire Modern research continues that dialogue. Richard Holton, a philosopher at Cambridge University, notes that we often choose what we don’t consider best: “It may feel idealistic,” he said, “but we constantly decide to do things we judge to be unwise.” ●Psychologists describe akrasia as a conflict between our intentions and our actions. ●Economists go further: revealed-preference theory suggests that behavior itself — what we actually do — reveals our true values more clearly than our words. The Pull of the Present According to psychologist George Ainslie, people naturally overvalue short-term rewards and undervalue long-term ones, a process known as hyperbolic discounting. That is why________. Survey Insight: 73% of adults admit that their daily choices often conflict with their long-term goals. The Power of Environment Philosopher and researcher Kalis argues that our surroundings — not just our willpower — shape self-control. Adjusting one's environment may help resist temptation more effectively than simply “trying harder.” Leaving the phone outside the bedroom or scheduling exercise with a friend are examples of commitment devices — practical ways to prevent sudden shifts in behavior. Turning Desire into Action Studies show that goals are achieved more often when we set a specific plan rather than vague intentions. Psychologist Peter Gollwitzer calls this an implementation intention: “If I finish my work, then I’ll watch one episode” This method helps translate intention into behavior, reducing the mental space for excuses. Still, two conflicting intentions cannot coexist for long; one will eventually guide our action. 1.What does the term akrasia mainly refer to? A. moment of hesitation before making a moral choice. B. A sudden change caused by strong emotional pressure. C. loss of the ability to judge right from wrong. D. A conflict between what we intend and what we actually do. 2.Which of the following best fits the blank numbered “__________”? A. we reward ourselves with a short break after finishing our homework on time B. we carefully make a long-term study plan and follow it without any hesitation C. we choose to watch one more episode even when we have an essay to complete D. we turn off our phones to avoid any potential distraction while studying for exams 3.What can be inferred from the ideas discussed in the passage? A. Long-term goals seldom change with emotion. B. Self-control comes mainly from talent, not planning. C. True values are reflected more in choices than in claims. D. Philosophers once thought knowledge guaranteed virtue. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了“人们为何会做对自己不利的事”这一古老谜题，介绍了“意志薄弱（akrasia）”的概念，结合哲学观点与现代研究，从理性与欲望的冲突、短期奖励的诱惑、环境的影响等方面分析了原因，并给出了将欲望转化为行动的解决方法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire”部分中“Psychologists describe akrasia as a conflict between our intentions and our actions. (心理学家将akrasia描述为我们的意图和行动之间的冲突)”可知，akrasia主要指的是我们的意图和实际行动之间的冲突。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“The Pull of the Present”部分中“According to psychologist George Ainslie, people naturally overvalue short-term rewards and undervalue long-term ones, a process known as hyperbolic discounting. (根据心理学家George Ainslie的说法，人们自然会高估短期奖励而低估长期奖励，这一过程被称为双曲线贴现)”可知，人们往往会高估短期奖励而低估长期奖励，因此，空处内容应该与人们更倾向于选择短期奖励的行为有关。选项C“we choose to watch one more episode even when we have an essay to complete (即使我们有一篇论文要完成，我们还是选择再看一集)”可知，即使有论文要完成，人们还是选择再看一集，这体现了人们更倾向于选择短期奖励的行为，符合这一逻辑。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire”部分中“Economists go further: revealed-preference theory suggests that behavior itself — what we actually do — reveals our true values more clearly than our words. (经济学家更进一步：显示偏好理论表明，行为本身——我们实际所做的——比我们的言语更能清楚地揭示我们的真正价值观)”可知，经经济学家认为实际行为比语言更能反映真实价值观，即真正的价值观更多体现在选择中而非宣称中。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海上进才中学·期中）Children who don’t read proficiently (熟练地) by the end of the third grade are far more likely to be left behind in many ways. The first thing to know about early literacy is that it is critically important; the next is that it connects to a whole lot of other conditions and challenges. But the best thing to know is that there are solutions to the problem of poor reading skills and some smart people working toward them. They could use your help. “It’s more than an education issue, more than a reading issue,” says Arianne Weldon, director of the Get Georgia Reading Campaign, a nonprofit organization founded in 2013. “Getting more kids to read takes more than good schools, more than great teachers, more than loving families. It really does take all of us working together.” Only 42 percent of Georgia public school children are now reading proficiently by the end of the third grade, according to 2019 Georgia Department of Education (DOE) figures — not a great number, but an improvement over the 37 percent recorded in 2015 and lower scores prior to that. Weldon says children not in that proficiency group are four times more likely to drop out of high school and, further, that every student who doesn’t finish represents an estimated $260,000 in lost earnings and productivity. “By the end of the third grade,” says Mindy Binderman, executive director of Georgia Early Education Alliance for Ready Students, a nonprofit organization concerned with early learning, “if children are not reading at grade level, they are less likely to be successful in school, less likely to graduate on time, and more likely to engage in risky behavior. The third-grade reading marker is such an important indicator of all that comes later and, frankly, all that came before.” A key national study released by the Annie E. Casey Foundation in 2010 highlighted the reading problem, especially among students from low- income families; the following research has strengthened the relationship between poverty and both reading ability and failure to graduate from high school. Clearly, poverty plays a key role in children’s reading proficiency, influencing the schools they attend and the community resources they can make use of. Parents’ education level, especially mothers’, is a factor as well. “Maternal education and maternal literacy are a huge predictor of child literacy and educational outcomes,” says Dana Rickman, vice president of the Georgia Partnership for Excellence in Education, established to promote and support education. “We’ve got a pretty high adult illiteracy rate in Georgia that a lot of people don’t like talking about.” Improving adult literacy eventually impacts children’s reading ability. 1.According to the passage, early literacy is important mainly because it________. A. indicates how well a child’s brain has been developing B. explains the reasons why a child drops out of high school C. tells whether a child may become successful as an adult D. reports the average educational level of a certain region 2.According to Arianne Weldon, what is the most possible consequence of poor reading skills? A. Entering schools with fewer resources. B. Suffering from serious mental disorders. C. Earning less than they otherwise would. D. Causing more risks in future life. 3.From what Dana Rickman says, we can infer that________. A. parents can predict their children’s early literacy based on their resources B. exposing children to reading tasks at an earlier age is part of family support C. illiteracy rate can be greatly reduced by upgrading children’s communities D. improving mothers’ education is useful for bettering children’s reading ability 4.If this passage has several remaining paragraphs, which of the following is the most probable topic they will cover? A. Why third grade is seen by experts as a critical period. B. How the government may improve parents’ education level. C. Why adult illiteracy rate is higher in Georgia than in other places. D. How poverty may influence a child’s future academic development. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。介绍了早期读写能力的重要性，包括其与后续学业、人生发展的关联，影响因素(贫困、父母教育水平等)，以及改善读写能力的必要性等。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“Weldon says children not in that proficiency group are four times more likely to drop out of high school and, further, that every student who doesn’t finish represents an estimated $260,000 in lost earnings and productivity. (韦尔登说，没有达到这一熟练程度的孩子在高中辍学的可能性是其他人的四倍，而且每个没有完成学业的学生估计会损失26万美元的收入和生产力)”可知，早期读写能力重要主要是因为它能说明孩子成年后是否可能成功。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“Weldon says children not in that proficiency group are four times more likely to drop out of high school and, further, that every student who doesn’t finish represents an estimated $260,000 in lost earnings and productivity. (韦尔登说，没有达到这一熟练程度的孩子在高中辍学的可能性是其他人的四倍，而且每个没有完成学业的学生估计会损失26万美元的收入和生产力)”可知，韦尔登认为，阅读能力差最可能的后果是未来生活中收入比原本应得的少。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Parents’ education level, especially mothers’, is a factor as well. “Maternal education and maternal literacy are a huge predictor of child literacy and educational outcomes,” says Dana Rickman (父母的受教育水平，尤其是母亲的受教育水平，也是一个因素。达娜·里克曼说：“母亲的教育和读写能力是孩子读写能力和教育成果的重要预测因素。”)”以及“Improving adult literacy eventually impacts children’s reading ability. (提高成人的读写能力最终会影响孩子的阅读能力)”可知，我们可以推断出提高母亲的教育水平有助于提高孩子的阅读能力。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Parents’ education level, especially mothers’, is a factor as well. “Maternal education and maternal literacy are a huge predictor of child literacy and educational outcomes,” says Dana Rickman (父母的受教育水平，尤其是母亲的受教育水平，也是一个因素。达娜·里克曼说：“母亲的教育和读写能力是孩子读写能力和教育成果的重要预测因素。”)”以及“Improving adult literacy eventually impacts children’s reading ability. (提高成人的读写能力最终会影响孩子的阅读能力)”可知，文章最后聚焦于父母教育水平，尤其是母亲，与成人读写能力对孩子的影响，因此接下来最可能探讨如何提高父母的教育水平。故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海行知中学·期中）A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need to “speed up breakthroughs in research and technology.” Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency, some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in various conversations, it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster. The WEF mindset is similar to the Silicon Valley dictate — to move fast and break things. But what if the thing being broken is science? Or public trust? In recent years we’ve seen important papers, written by outstanding scientists and published in celebrated journals, retracted because of questionable data or methods, hence a question: Are scholars at supercompetitive places such as Harvard and Stanford rushing to publish rather than taking the time to do their work right? It’s impossible to answer this question scientifically because there’s no scientific definition of what constitutes “rushing.” But there’s little doubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under tremendous pressure to produce results — and a lot of them — quickly. The problem is not unique to the U. S. In Europe, formal research assessments — which are used to allocate (分配) future funding — have for years judged academic departments largely on the quantity of their output. A recent reform urging an emphasis on quality over quantity allowed that the existing system had created “counterincentives.” Good science takes time. More than 50 years passed between the 1543 publication of Copernicus’s On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. And it took just about half a century for geologists and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental drift. There’s plenty of evidence that scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Consider the sheer volume of academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at more than seven million a year, compared with fewer than a million as recently as 1980. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down if we are to produce knowledge worthy of trust. 1.WEF meeting in Switzerland advocated that ________. A. WEF and Silicon Valley reach an agreement to move fast B. public trust in science is not supposed to be easily broken C. researchers need to achieve breakthroughs more rapidly D. climate emergency and AI push scientific research hard 2.Which of the following examples fails to prove that good science takes time? A. High-profile scholars’ tremendous output. B. Publication of Copernicus’s theory. C. Retraction of important papers. D. Acceptance of the idea of continental drift. 3.The underlined word “counterincentives” in para. 5 probably means ________. A. measures to increase quantities of output B. contradictory motives for future funding C. rewards for leading universities’ research D. discouragements of high quality papers 4.Which of the following is best title of the passage? A. WEF Coincides with Silicon Valley B. Trouble in the Fast Lane C. Choice between Quantity and Quality D. Collapse of Public Trust 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文反思了全球追求科研“加速突破”的趋势，指出过分追求发表数量和速度导致了撤稿增多、质量下降。作者呼吁科学界应慢下来，重视质量以重建公信力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need to “speed up breakthroughs in research and technology.”(今年在瑞士举行的世界经济论坛（WEF）会议所探讨的一个主题是，人们普遍认为有必要“加快在研究与技术方面的突破性进展”)”可知，在瑞士举行的世界经济论坛会议主张研究人员需要更快地取得突破。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s impossible to answer this question scientifically because there’s no scientific definition of what constitutes “rushing.” But there’s little doubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under tremendous pressure to produce results — and a lot of them — quickly.(要从科学的角度来回答这个问题是不可能的，因为对于“匆忙”这一概念并没有一个科学的定义。但毫无疑问，我们生活在一个这样的社会中：顶尖大学的学者们承受着巨大的压力，必须迅速地取得成果——而且是大量的成果)”可知，A选项“知名学者的巨大成果”只能解释成果巨大，并不能解释良好的科学需要时间。故选A。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第四段“The problem is not unique to the U. S. In Europe, formal research assessments — which are used to allocate (分配) future funding — have for years judged academic departments largely on the quantity of their output. A recent reform urging an emphasis on quality over quantity allowed that the existing system had created “counterincentives.”(这个问题并非美国所独有。在欧洲，用于分配未来资金的正式研究评估机制多年来一直主要依据学术部门的研究成果数量来对其进行评判。最近的一项改革强调质量而非数量的重要性，但这一改革也发现现有的评估体系产生了“counterincentives”)”可知，既然旧体系重数量轻质量，那么它对“高质量论文”来说就是一种阻碍或反向激励。故划线词意思是“高质量论文的发表受阻”。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“There’s plenty of circumstantial evidence that scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Consider the sheer volume of academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at more than seven million a year, compared with fewer than a million as recently as 1980. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down if we are to produce knowledge worthy of trust.(有大量的间接证据表明，科学家和其他学者推出结果的速度比过去快得多。想想最近发表的学术论文的数量吧。最近的一项研究显示，这一数字每年超过700万，而就在1980年，这一数字还不到100万。这一增长部分是由更多的科学家和更多的论文合著者推动的，但这些数字也表明，研究界更看重数量而不是质量。如果我们要产生值得信任的知识，研究人员可能需要放慢速度)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学研究被期望快速进展的困境，并指出这种快节奏的研究可能会带来的问题。所以短文的标题为“快车道上的问题”。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中）Shakespeare’s plays were so popular in the 16th and 17th centuries because they were good — and because they were cheap. Productions at the Globe, the cultural landmark of London, saw audiences cram in, with the cheapest “seats” being no seats at all, but standing places in the “pit” below the stage. Few complained, even as their knees no doubt protested, thanks to the quality of what unfolded in front of them. The same holds true in 2025: standing tickets are still only £10, or £5 if you book early enough, and the theatre remains as spectacular as ever. This summer’s Romeo and Juliet, for instance, is full of life. The audience roars with laughter at all the right moments. It is a far cry from the miscommunication and heavy-handed teaching at General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) that has put generations of students off Shakespeare. For Michelle Terry, the artistic director at Shakespeare’s Globe, making theatre accessible is vital to turning around perceptions, and the cheap tickets certainly help. The pricing, Terry reckons, gives audiences the chance to make their mind up about Shakespeare without pressure. The low entry fee gives audiences “the right to have an opinion”. “You can say, I am not having a good time, and I can afford to leave,” she says. While access for all is the goal, the team are aware of the role that Shakespeare plays in the national curriculum and make every effort to ensure as many students as possible can see its plays. Each year it tries to programme at least one of the GCSE texts, and in 2023-24 more than 120,000 students visited the Globe to see Shakespeare live, 26,000 of them for free. School visitors aren’t the only ones keen to see Shakespeare. Today the Globe truly lives up to its name, with a third of visitors last year coming from abroad, from 147 different countries. For Terry, bringing people together from all walks of life is central to making theatre accessible — especially in today’s political climate where people are becoming increasingly polarised, isolationist, individualist. 1.Shakespeare’s Globe in the 16th and 17th centuries ________. A. provided tickets from five pounds B. impressed visitors with quality shows C. smartly dealt with viewers’ complaints D. offered more standing places than seats. 2.According to the passage, Globe’s current success is due to ________. ①affordable prices ②engaging performance ③comfortable environment ④enrollment of foreign performers ⑤cultivation of prospective visitors ⑥encouragement of free art appreciation A. ①②④⑥ B. ①②⑤⑥ C. ①③⑤⑥ D. ②③④⑤ 3.What can be inferred about GCSE? A. Its texts are funded by private organizations like the Globe. B. It ignores the importance of Shakespeare plays for students. C. It intends to free students from the burden of Shakespeare plays. D. Its teaching robs students of the joy of learning Shakespeare plays. 4.The passage is mainly about ________. A. the popularity of Shakespeare’s plays B. the influence of Shakespeare’s plays C. the development of a famous theater D. the accessibility of a famous theater 【答案】1. B　2. B　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦环球剧院古今保持热度的原因，以及其在普及莎士比亚戏剧方面的举措。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Few complained, even as their knees no doubt protested, thanks to the quality of what unfolded in front of them.(尽管毫无疑问他们的膝盖会酸痛，但很少有人抱怨，这都要归功于展现在他们面前的精彩演出)”可知，16和17世纪的环球剧院凭借高质量的演出给观众留下了深刻印象。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“standing tickets are still only £10, or £5 if you book early enough (站票仍然只要10英镑，预订足够早的话只需5英镑)”对应①实惠的价格；根据第二段中的“this summer’s Romeo and Juliet, for instance, is full of life (例如今年夏天的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》就充满活力)”对应②精彩的演出；根据第四段中的“make every effort to ensure as many students as possible can see its plays (竭尽全力确保尽可能多的学生能观看其戏剧)”对应⑤培养潜在观众；根据第四段中的“26,000 of them for free (其中 26000 名学生可免费观看)”对应⑥鼓励免费艺术欣赏，即环球剧院现在的成功主要是因为①②⑤⑥。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It is a far cry from the miscommunication and heavy-handed teaching at General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) that has put generations of students off Shakespeare.(这与英国普通中等教育证书（GCSE）考试中存在的讲解不通、生硬刻板的教学方式大相径庭，正是这种教学方式让一代又一代的学生对莎士比亚产生了反感)”可知，GCSE对莎士比亚戏剧的教学方式枯燥生硬，剥夺了学生学习莎士比亚戏剧的乐趣。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“For Michelle Terry, the artistic director at Shakespeare’s Globe, making theatre accessible is vital to turning around perceptions (对于莎士比亚环球剧院的艺术总监米歇尔·特里来说，让戏剧变得易于接触对于改变人们的看法至关重要)”、第四段中为学生提供观剧机会、第五段中的“For Terry, bringing people together from all walks of life is central to making theatre accessible — especially in today’s political climate where people are becoming increasingly polarised, isolationist, individualist. (对特里来说，把各行各业的人聚集在一起是让戏剧变得容易接受的关键——尤其是在当今的政治气候下，人们变得越来越两极化，越来越孤立，越来越个人主义)”可知，文章围绕环球剧院如何让观众更容易接触和欣赏戏剧展开。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Six Best Places for ________ in Paris Le Closerie des Lilas This restaurant/cafe/brasserie is a true literary location. On the terrace, F. Scott Fitzgerald apparently first revealed the manuscript for The Great Gatsby to Ernest Hemingway. This spot in Montparnasse was also frequented by Paul Verlaine, Max Jacob and Henry Miller, among others. 171 Boulevard du Montparnasse Les Deux Magots Located in Saint-Germain-des-Pres on the Left Bank, Les Deux Magotx gets a mention in Nabokov's novel Lolita. It was also frequented by such heavyweights as Albert Gamus, James Joyce, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway. Even Julia Child liked the food enough to plant herself at one of its famed outdoor tables. Today, tables are occupied by tourists instead of typists, but it's worth paying a few euros for a coffee here. 6 Place Saint-Germain Des Pres Pere Lachaise Cemetery Perhaps the world's most famous resting place, Pere Lachaise is the home of Marcel Proust and Oscar Wilde, among scores of other famous people buried here. Singer and 'poet' Jim Morrison is, of course, famously six feet under in this verdant (郁郁葱葱的), ambient cemetery as well. 8 Boulevard de Menilmontant Polidor Ernest Hemingway, Paul Verlaine, James Joyce, Victor Hugo, Henry Miller, Arthur Rimbaud and Jack Kerouac all enjoyed classic French dishes like steak, beef Bourguignon, steak tartare, escargot, and foie gras at this sixth-arrondissement restaurant. In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here. 41 Rue Monsieur Le Prince Bar Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald used to put 'em back at this fashionable and expensive bar in the Ritz. Musician Cole Porter would spend hours nursing cocktails at the bar and even composed a tune or two here. And, of course, the bar's namesake. Mr Ernest Hemingway, was a regular and even likened the drinking space to heaven. He also mentions the bar in The Sun Also Rises. 15 Place Vendome Shakespeare & Company Since 1951, this Left Bank bookshop has been a central meeting point for the city's English-language lovers of great literature. It's also attracted many legendary writers as well. Williams Burroughs, Anais Nin, James Baldwin, Henry Miller, Paul Auster, Martin Amis and Zadie Smith, among countless others, have shopped for books or participated in literary events here. 37 Rue de la Bucherie 1.Your friend Jenny plans to go to Paris for travelling and she is a big fan of the famous movie director Woody Allen. Which place would you recommend that she visit? A. 171 Boulevard du Montparnasse B. 41 Rue Monsieur Le Prince C. 8 Boulevard de Menilmontant D. 37 Rue de la Bucherie 2.Earnest Hemingway was a regular to the following places except ________. A. Pere Lachasise Cemetery B. Les Deux Magots C. Bar Hemingway D. Polidor 3.Which of the following phrases best complete the title? A. Literature Lovers B. Experienced Tourists C. Cuisine Enthusiasts D. History Researchers 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。主要向读者介绍了巴黎著名的6个热爱文学的人值得去的地方。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章介绍的第四个地方“Polidor”中“In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here.(在2011年的伍迪·艾伦的电影《午夜巴黎》中，主人公在这里遇到了海明威和萨尔瓦多·达利)”可知，你的朋友珍妮来巴黎旅游的话，一定最想去的是41 Rue Monsieur Le Prince。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章介绍的第二个地方“Les Deux Magots”中的“It was also frequented by such heavyweights as Albert Gamus, James Joyce, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway.(像阿尔伯特·加穆斯，詹姆斯·乔伊斯，贝托尔特·布莱希特，欧内斯特·海明威这样的重量级人物也经常光顾这里)”可知海明威经常来这里；以及文章介绍的第四个地方“Polidor”中“In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here.(在2011年的伍迪·艾伦的电影《午夜巴黎》中，主人公在这里遇到了海明威和萨尔瓦多·达利)”可知，这里也是海明威常来的地方；以及根据文章介绍的第五个地方“Bar Hemingway”中“Mr Ernest Hemingway, was a regular and even likened the drinking space to heaven.(欧内斯特·海明威先生是这里的常客，甚至把这里比作天堂)”可知，这里也是海明威常来的地方。所以B.Les Deux Magots以及C. Bar Hemingway以及D. Polidor都是海明威常去的地方。故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一个地点中的介绍“This restaurant/cafe/brasserie is a true literary location.(这家餐馆，咖啡馆也可以称为小酒馆的地方是个真正的文学场所)”；第二个地点的介绍“It was also frequented by such heavyweights as Albert Gamus, James Joyce, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway.(像阿尔伯特·加穆斯，詹姆斯·乔伊斯，贝托尔特·布莱希特，欧内斯特·海明威这样的重量级人物也经常光顾这里)”；第三个地点中的介绍“Perhaps the world's most famous resting place, Pere Lachaise is the home of Marcel Proust and Oscar Wilde, among scores of other famous people buried here.(也许是世界上最著名的安息之地，在埋葬在这里的其他名人中，Pere Lachaise公墓是马塞尔·普鲁斯特和奥斯卡·王尔德的家)”；第四个地方的介绍“In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here.(在2011年的伍迪·艾伦的电影《午夜巴黎》中，主人公在这里遇到了海明威和萨尔瓦多·达利)”；第五个地方的介绍“Mr Ernest Hemingway, was a regular and even likened the drinking space to heaven.(欧内斯特·海明威先生是这里的常客，甚至把这里比作天堂)”，第六个地方的介绍“Since 1951, this Left Bank bookshop has been a central meeting point for the city's English-language lovers of great literature.(自1951年以来，这家左岸书店一直是这个城市中英语语言文学爱好者们的一个中心聚会点)”可知，这六个地方都是文学爱好者们喜欢去的地方，故标题应为：Six Best Places for Literature Lovers in Paris。故选A。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海位育中学·期中）Live concerts are becoming a vital part of youth culture in China. In 2024 alone, large-scale shows generated over 26 billion yuan from ticket sales, with nearly 30 million fans filling arenas. But what exactly makes these events so appealing? I think it’s the unique, multi-sensory experience that digital performances or your playlists just can’t provide. A live gig’s immersive atmosphere — the shared physical presence, vibrant visuals, and raw energy of the crowd — easily outshines digital experiences. I will never forget my first concert on a warm spring evening. The moment my friends and I stepped into the arena, I felt the air buzzing with excitement. Thousands of people were waiting expectantly, many wearing T-shirts with the singer’s name and holding glowing light sticks. Everyone was smiling, chatting and ready for something amazing. When the lights went out, the crowd roared. A single spotlight lit up the stage, and then — boom — the music started. The sound was so powerful that it seemed to pass right through me. Every note was remarkably clear, and the bass made my heart pound. Then the singer’s voice came through, dynamic and transporting, far better than I could ever have imagined. Every line was filled with emotion, as if it were telling my very own story. What struck me most profoundly, though, was the connection between that vast crowd of strangers. Apart from my friends, I didn’t know the people standing on either side of me, but we sang the same lyrics, moved to the same beat, and waved our arms in unison. At that moment, it didn’t matter who we were or where we came from; we were all part of one big family. Then the stage quieted and so did we. As a slow song began, I looked around and saw thousands of glowing lights, the audience swaying together and singing softly. It felt simply magical. I thought about how, in our busy lives, we rarely stop to share moments like these and how much we should. On the journey home, my voice was hoarse from singing and my legs tired from dancing, yet my heart was full and content. That night gave me more than just music; it gifted me a cherished memory that would stay with me forever. The same holds true for countless young fans, because concerts are not merely events; they are significant milestones on a personal journey. This is why live concerts have gained in popularity across China: They create shared experiences that bring people together and make life feel richer, brighter, and more alive. 1.What is the primary reason the author proposes for the growing popularity of live concerts in China? A. The superior sound quality compared to digital music. B. The opportunity to see famous singers in person. C. The creation of shared emotional experiences that unite people. D. The extensive marketing and advertising campaigns for concerts. 2.Beyond the music itself, what did the author suggest was the most significant personal gain from the concert experience? A. A cherished and lasting personal memory. B. Improved understanding of stage production. C. A collection of photos and videos to share online. D. Stronger personal friendships with companions. 3.Based on the author’s experience, what can be inferred about the psychological need that live concerts fulfill for young people? A. The need to escape from busy daily routines and experience emotional release. B. The desire to collect merchandise and show support for favorite artists. C. The practical need to learn about new music trends. D. The financial motivation to invest in valuable concert memories. 4.How would the author likely characterize the social function of live concerts in modern Chinese society? A. As commercial events that primarily benefit the music industry. B. As temporary communities where strangers become connected through shared emotion. C. As competitive spaces where fans demonstrate their loyalty to artists. D. As educational opportunities to learn about musical techniques. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国演唱会已成青年文化重要部分，2024年票房亮眼。其独特沉浸式体验与陌生人的情感联结，带来珍贵回忆，是受年轻人欢迎的核心原因。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I think it’s the unique, multi-sensory experience that digital performances or your playlists just can’t provide. A live gig’s immersive atmosphere — the shared physical presence, vibrant visuals, and raw energy of the crowd — easily outshines digital experiences. (我认为这是一种独特的、多感官的体验，是数字表演或播放列表无法提供的。现场演出的沉浸式氛围——共享的实体存在、充满活力的视觉效果和人群的原始能量——很容易超越数字体验。)”以及最后一段中“This is why live concerts have gained in popularity across China: They create shared experiences that bring people together and make life feel richer, brighter, and more alive. (这就是为什么现场音乐会在中国越来越受欢迎的原因：它们创造了共同的体验，把人们聚集在一起，让生活变得更丰富、更光明、更有活力。)”可知，现场演唱会在中国越来越受欢迎的主要原因是创造共同的情感体验，将人们联系起来。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“That night gave me more than just music; it gifted me a cherished memory that would stay with me forever. The same holds true for countless young fans, because concerts are not merely events; they are significant milestones on a personal journey. (那晚带给我的不仅仅是音乐；它给了我一段珍贵的记忆，将永远留在我身边。这同样适用于无数的年轻歌迷，因为音乐会不仅仅是活动；它们是个人旅程中的重要里程碑。)”可知，除了音乐本身，作者认为从音乐会经历中获得的最重要的是一段珍贵而持久的个人记忆。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“As a slow song began, I looked around and saw thousands of glowing lights, the audience swaying together and singing softly. It felt simply magical. I thought about how, in our busy lives, we rarely stop to share moments like these and how much we should. (当一首缓慢的歌曲响起时，我环顾四周，看到成千上万的灯光，观众们一起摇摆着，轻轻地唱着歌。感觉简直不可思议。我在想，在我们忙碌的生活中，我们很少停下来分享这样的时刻，我们应该分享多少。)”可知，根据作者的经历，我们可以推断出现场音乐会满足年轻人需要逃离繁忙的日常生活，体验情感释放的心理需求。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“What struck me most profoundly, though, was the connection between that vast crowd of strangers. Apart from my friends, I didn’t know the people standing on either side of me, but we sang the same lyrics, moved to the same beat, and waved our arms in unison. At that moment, it didn’t matter who we were or where we came from; we were all part of one big family. (然而，最令我印象深刻的是这一大群陌生人之间的联系。除了我的朋友，我不认识站在我两边的人，但我们唱着同样的歌词，跟着同样的节奏移动，一起挥舞着手臂。在那一刻，我们是谁、来自哪里都不重要了；我们都是一个大家庭的成员。)”可知，作者重点描述“成千上万陌生人因共同的音乐体验，不分身份背景，成为一个大家庭”，体现了演唱会“临时社群、情感联结”的社会功能。故选B项。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海敬业中学·期中）Collins Word of the Year 2026 Announced-Do You Feel “Mindful Tech”? What Is “Mindful Tech”? The phrase “mindful tech” has been named the Collins Word of the Year 2026, reflecting a growing trend of using technology with greater awareness and care. It describes a lifestyle in which people use digital tools to improve daily life without becoming controlled by them. The idea started with young professionals who began setting “digital limits”—like turning off work messages after 8 p.m. or keeping phones out of the bedroom. Many say this practice helps them focus, rest, and stay with the real world. Where Did the Term Come From? Linguists noticed that the phrase first appeared on social media posts about “tech detox (解毒)” and “screen balance.” It soon spread across articles, podcasts, and wellness campaigns. According to the Collins Corpus, a database of 24 billion words, “mindful tech” was one of the fastest-rising expressions in 2026. Why It Matters Experts believe the term captures a shift in modern culture: people want to enjoy innovation without losing control of their attention or emotions. As one researcher said, “It’s not about avoiding technology, it’s about designing a healthier relationship with it.” Other Shortlisted Words ·Sleep syncing—adjusting sleep schedules to match natural light cycles. ·Eco-swap—replacing everyday products with sustainable options. ·Text ghosting—suddenly stopping online communication. ·Quiet quitting 2.0—doing one’s job well but refusing unpaid overtime. 1.According to the passage, what does “mindful tech” mean? A. Using technology in an innovative way. B. Using technology with awareness and balance. C. Living a digital-free life to improve concentration. D. Limiting online communication to work-related content. 2.Which of the following best explains why the term “mindful tech” matters? A. It reveals that new expressions are constantly emerging. B. It encourages people to avoid ineffective digital communication. C. It indicates that people are turning away from online communication. D. It shows that people want harmony between technology and well-being. 3.What do the shortlisted words in the passage have in common? A. They relate to new technologies. B. They are popular on social websites. C. They show how people adjust to new trends. D. They describe those disappearing old habits. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了柯林斯2026年度词汇“正念科技”的含义、起源、重要性，以及其他入围词汇，展现了人们在现代生活中对科技、健康、生活方式等方面的新态度。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据What Is “Mindful Tech”?部分首段mindful tech后的“reflecting a growing trend of using technology with greater awareness and care. It describes a lifestyle in which people use digital tools to improve daily life without becoming controlled by them.(反映了一种日益增长的趋势，即更加有意识和谨慎地使用技术。它描述了一种生活方式，在这种生活方式中，人们使用数字工具来改善日常生活，而不会被这些工具所控制)”可知，reflecting a growing trend of using technology with greater awareness and care是对mindful tech的补充说明，后句中的It指的是mindful tech，可推断该短语指有意识且平衡地使用技术。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Why It Matters部分中的“Experts believe the term captures a shift in modern culture: people want to enjoy innovation without losing control of their attention or emotions.(专家们相信，这个术语反映了现代文化的一种转变：人们希望在享受创新的同时，不会失去对注意力或情绪的控制)”可推断，这反映了人们追求技术使用与个人福祉之间和谐关系的愿望，追求科技与自身健康的和谐。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Other Shortlisted Words部分中的“Sleep syncing — adjusting sleep schedules to match natural light cycles.(睡眠同步——调整睡眠时间表以匹配自然光周期)”、“Eco-swap — replacing everyday products with sustainable options.(生态置换——用可持续的选择替代日常用品)”、“Text ghosting— suddenly stopping online communication.(文字消失——突然停止线上交流)”以及“Quiet quitting 2.0 — doing one’s job well but refusing unpaid overtime.(躺平2.0——做好本职工作，但拒绝无偿加班)”可知，这些词都描述了人们为适应新的健康、环保或工作生活平衡等社会趋势而采取的具体行为调整。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海南洋中学·期中）The placebo effect is a well-known example of the brain’s power over the body, allowing people who are poorly or in pain to improve if they are led to believe they are being treated. The opposite, however, is also possible: patients who believe that procedures will cause them to suffer ill effects can make themselves worse. The roots of this anti-placebo, or nocebo, effect are difficult to identify. But in a paper in Health Psychology Review, researchers in Australia have pooled the available evidence and ranked the contributing factors. Misinformation on social media seems to come near the top. In fact, what psychologists call social learning — the drawing of inferences from the views of others — was found to be as powerful as lived experience, and more influential than information given by a doctor. This is a problem, says Cosette Saunders, a psychologist at the University of Sydney and lead author of the study. Social learning may not be able to spread infection or cause new disease, but it can drive harmful side-effects. And managing these side-effects costs health systems around the world billions of dollars. Take cancer treatment. In recent years, new drugs have emerged to control the side-effects experienced by people receiving chemotherapy. But Dr Saunders says that vomiting and nausea have not come down in cancer patients by as much as expected. Social learning may be responsible. “They’ll say, their mother-in-law had chemo twenty years ago and she was vomiting every single day,” Dr Saunders says. “Those kinds of long-held beliefs are influencing them now, even though the medical landscape has changed.” Though the impact of the placebo effect has been recognised for centuries, work on the nocebo effect is much newer. Only in the past two decades have many scientists been convinced of its real-world impact, helped by studies that demonstrate how a negative attitude can lead to physical symptoms such as increased heart rate and physiological arousal. The conclusions of the Australian analysis are clear about the power of social learning. But, says Dr Saunders, it is hard to know how much of these effects are down to social-media use as opposed to, say, chatting with friends at the pub. Dr Saunders’ lab is one of many now trying to find ways to minimise the damage. One possibility is to balance warnings of nasty side-effects with positive proof from patients who had no problems. If she finds something that works, she’ll pass it on. 1.What can we learn about social learning from the passage? A. It causes the health systems to fail. B. It affects patients less than doctors’ advice. C. It is as impactful as people’s lived experience. D. It occurs when misinformation spreads on social media. 2.Cancer treatment is mentioned in Para. 4 to show ______. A. vomiting and nausea are common negative outcomes B. the nocebo effect can lead to harmful results C. new drugs are ineffective in controlling the side effects D. the medical industry has undergone great changes 3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. The impact of the nocebo effect is long-established. B. The nocebo effect is more powerful than the placebo effect. C. Labs have found ways to ease the damage of social learning. D. Social learning may affect people negatively via informal interactions. 4.What’s the passage mainly about? A. The key contributor to the nocebo effect. B. The function of doctors’ advice in healthcare. C. The clue to the nocebo effect in medical research. D. The role of social media in spreading misinformation. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，主要探讨了反安慰剂效应（nocebo effect）的关键影响因素。文章指出，社会学习（尤其是社交媒体上的错误信息和人际交流中的观点传递）是反安慰剂效应的主要根源，它会导致患者产生负面预期，进而加剧症状，甚至给医疗系统带来巨大负担。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, what psychologists call social learning — the drawing of inferences from the views of others — was found to be as powerful as lived experience, and more influential than information given by a doctor.(事实上，心理学家所称的“社会学习”——即从他人观点中推断信息的过程——被发现与亲身经历具有同等效力，且比医生提供的信息更具影响力)”可知，社会学习的影响力与个人亲身经历相当。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“In recent years, new drugs have emerged to control the side-effects experienced by people receiving chemotherapy. But Dr Saunders says that vomiting and nausea have not come down in cancer patients by as much as expected. Social learning may be responsible. “They’ll say, their mother-in-law had chemo twenty years ago and she was vomiting every single day,” Dr Saunders says. “Those kinds of long-held beliefs are influencing them now, even though the medical landscape has changed.”(近年来，控制化疗患者副作用的新药不断涌现。但桑德斯博士指出，癌症患者的呕吐和恶心症状降幅并未达到预期。社会学习可能要对此负责。“他们会说，他们二十年前做化疗的岳母每天都呕吐，”桑德斯博士说。“尽管医疗环境已经发生了变化，但这种长期存在的观念现在仍在影响着他们。”)”可知，尽管医疗环境已经发生了变化，但长期存在的信念现在仍在影响着他们，可推理出提到癌症治疗是为了说明反安慰剂效应可能导致有害的结果。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The conclusions of the Australian analysis are clear about the power of social learning. But, says Dr Saunders, it is hard to know how much of these effects are down to social-media use as opposed to, say, chatting with friends at the pub.(澳大利亚的分析结论已明确社会学习的影响力。但桑德斯博士说，很难确定这些影响有多少是由社交媒体使用导致的，而不是比如在酒吧里和朋友聊天等其他因素)”可知，社会学习可能通过非正式互动（如和朋友聊天）对人产生负面影响。选项D“社会学习可能通过非正式互动对人产生负面影响”正确。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The placebo effect is a well-known example of the brain’s power over the body, allowing people who are poorly or in pain to improve if they are led to believe they are being treated. The opposite, however, is also possible: patients who believe that procedures will cause them to suffer ill effects can make themselves worse(安慰剂效应是大脑对身体影响力的一个重要例证，它能让那些身体欠佳或处于痛苦中的人们在相信自己正在接受治疗时，状况有所改善。然而，相反的情况也可能发生：如果患者认为某些治疗程序会给他们带来不良影响，那么他们的状况可能会变得更糟)”、第四段中“Social learning may be responsible. “They’ll say, their mother-in-law had chemo twenty years ago and she was vomiting every single day,” Dr Saunders says. “Those kinds of long-held beliefs are influencing them now, even though the medical landscape has changed.”(社会学习可能要对此负责。“他们会说，他们二十年前做化疗的岳母每天都呕吐，”桑德斯博士说。“尽管医疗环境已经发生了变化，但这种长期存在的观念现在仍在影响着他们。”)”以及最后一段中“But, says Dr Saunders, it is hard to know how much of these effects are down to social-media use as opposed to, say, chatting with friends at the pub(但桑德斯博士说，很难确定这些影响有多少是由社交媒体使用导致的，而不是比如在酒吧里和朋友聊天等其他因素)”及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了反安慰剂效应的根源，特别是社会学习在其中的作用。通过分析癌症治疗的例子，文章揭示了社会学习如何通过负面信息影响患者的健康状况，并探讨了如何减轻这种负面影响的方法。因此，文章的主要讲的是反安慰剂效应的关键因素。故选A项。 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中）The Octopus Organization, inspired by the remarkably adaptive, curious, and intelligent sea dweller. That animal, whose arms can think and act independently yet work in perfect concert, offers a model for building companies that can thrive in complexity and embrace continuous change. Octopus Orgs tap the intelligence of their people, integrating a range of efforts naturally and gracefully. They sense subtle signals, learning and shifting course at speed to navigate uncertainty. A complex world is like the ocean, the home of the octopus — where a small shift in the current can create unpredictable effects miles away. The shifts and unpredictability make it difficult to navigate; you can only sense, respond, and learn from the flow. This is the world the Octopus Org is designed for, an environment where success comes not from rigid control but from distributed intelligence, continuous learning, and adaptation. To get a sense of what this looks like in a business setting, think of how most companies structure strategy meetings. The very design of the typical meeting room — dominated by a large screen for presentations, often with no whiteboard in sight — signals that it is a space for the consumption of information, not the creation of ideas. Speakers adhere to a set agenda, deliver carefully prepared slides, and stick to their assigned time. Questions are reserved for the end and are often perfunctory (草率的, 敷衍的) or performative. The information flow is tightly controlled and consistently structured. In the Octopus Org, by comparison, meetings have clearly defined outcomes but not always a fixed agenda. Leaders encourage people to surface ideas rapidly and ask provocative questions. You’ll often find a diverse group from across the company — frontline workers and executives, new and old voices — gathered around a whiteboard contributors build on and challenge one another’s arguments. Conversation flows, tangents are explored, and unexpected connections emerge. And look at how Tin Man Orgs, where a company’s strategy can be optimized through analysis, specialization, and control, with no inherent uncertainty, treat innovation as a department, creating innovation labs that are physically and culturally isolated. Teams develop ideas in isolation and then hand them off to “the business” for implementation. Octopus Orgs, in contrast, understand that innovation is a distributed capability, the daily, obsessive work of meeting customer needs in ever better ways. They create mechanisms for invention everywhere, entrusting small, decentralized teams with end-to-end ownership of customer problems. This ensures the people closest to the customer are the ones who experiment, learn, and build what’s coming next. Ultimately, all of these Octopus Org behaviors orbit around a single, nonnegotiable question: “Does this create more value for our customers?” The obsessive focus drives employee engagement, which in turn fuels the innovation and resilience needed to thrive. The rewards are cultural, profound, and measurable. 1.The description of the octopus’s arms serves to illustrate ________. A. the distributed yet unified intelligence B. sensing subtle signals amid uncertainty C. the evolution in complex, unpredictable settings D. continuous learning and adaptation to change 2.A retail company wants to become more “Octopus-like”. Which of these changes would be most in line with that goal? A. Stick to clearly defined goal and set time. B. Focus on slides and controlled flow. C. Create a specialized lab for innovation. D. Use whiteboards for diverse collaboration. 3.How does Octopus Orgs differ from Tin Man Orgs in innovation? A. By relying on analysis and control. B. By treating innovation as a department. C. By seeing innovation as everyone’s job. D. By focusing on customer value first. 4.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Why traditional meeting structures prevent innovation. B. How to succeed in unpredictable business conditions. C. A model for building companies in a complex world. D. A focus on building distributed innovation capabilities 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Octopus Organization这一企业模式，及其适应复杂多变环境的特点和运作方式。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“That animal, whose arms can think and act independently yet work in perfect concert, offers a model for building companies that can thrive in complexity and embrace continuous change.(这种动物的触手既能独立思考和行动，又能完美协调地工作，为打造能在复杂环境中蓬勃发展并适应持续变革的企业提供了典范)”可知，章鱼触手的特性体现了既能分散独立运作，又能统一协同的特点，这正是为了阐释章鱼组织所具备的分布式且统一的智慧。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“You’ll often find a diverse group from across the company — frontline workers and executives, new and old voices — gathered around a whiteboard contributors build on and challenge one another’s arguments.(你经常会看到来自公司各个部门的不同人群 —— 一线员工和高管、新员工和老员工 —— 围在白板旁。参与者会在彼此观点的基础上进一步拓展，并相互质疑)”可知，Octopus Organization的会议鼓励不同群体围绕白板协作交流。零售公司若想变得更像“章鱼式组织”，采用白板促进多元协作的做法最符合目标。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“And look at how Tin Man Orgs, where a company’s strategy can be optimized through analysis, specialization, and control, with no inherent uncertainty, treat innovation as a department, creating innovation labs that are physically and culturally isolated. Teams develop ideas in isolation and then hand them off to “the business” for implementation. Octopus Orgs, in contrast, understand that innovation is a distributed capability, the daily, obsessive work of meeting customer needs in ever better ways. They create mechanisms for invention everywhere, entrusting small, decentralized teams with end-to-end ownership of customer problems.(再来看看 “铁皮人组织” 是如何运作的 —— 在这类组织中，企业战略可通过分析、专业化运营及管控实现优化，不存在内在的不确定性，它们将创新视为一个独立部门，还设立了在物理空间和组织文化上均处于孤立状态的创新实验室。团队在封闭环境中研发创意，随后将其移交至“业务部门”落地执行。相比之下，“章鱼式组织”则认为创新是一种分布式能力，是日复一日、全力以赴以更优方式满足客户需求的日常工作。它们在企业各处搭建创新机制，将客户问题的全程处理权交付给小型化、分散化的团队)”可知，章鱼组织与铁皮人组织在创新方面的不同在于，前者将创新视为全员日常工作，而非独立部门的任务。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Th$ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·上海行知中学·期中）You might have seen spies in movies, dressed in cool outfits and using high-tech gadgets, but did you know that spying has been around for thousands of years? Check out this timeline to learn about spies from different periods in history. 1. ca. (大约) 3100 B.C. -332 B.C. Ancient Egyptian spies were some of the first to use poison to get the job done. To silence their enemies, they used killer methods which included poisons from plants and snakes. 2. ca. 1185-1600 The Japanese used spies called ninjas. These ninjas were experts in gathering secret information from enemies and competitors. They were trained since childhood in sneaking around and assassinating, but female ninjas would sneak into enemy locations by dressing up as dancers or servants. 3. ca. 1325-1521 Aztec spies, called quimichtin, lived in what’s now central Mexico. They were nicknamed “mice” because they worked at night to hide while spying. Their job was really dangerous, because if they got caught, they could be enslaved or even killed. That’s why they were paid more than most Aztec workers. 4. 1573 to 1590 Sir Francis Walsingham helped protect Queen Elizabeth I of England by creating a network of spies. They were skilled at reading coded letters and secretly opening and resealing envelopes containing information. 5. 1775-1783 Before he became president of what would soon become the United States, George Washington had a group of spies called the Culper Spy Ring during the Revolutionary War. One of its members, Anna Strong, sent coded messages through her laundry. She hung clothes according to color and number to tell soldiers where secret messages were hidden. For example, a black dress and two handkerchiefs might have meant “check the second closest river.” 6. 1861-1865 Harriet Tubman is famous for helping enslaved people in the United States escape North, where slavery was illegal. But she was also a spy during the Civil War. She made maps of the land so northern troops could safely travel through Southern states. 7. 1960s During the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union (now Russia), spy activities on both sides increased. To help, intelligence agencies developed sneaky gadgets for spies to eavesdrop and collect information. One popular device was the buttonhole camera, which could be controlled from inside a coat pocket. It allowed spies to secretly take a photo by opening a fake button on the coat. 8. 1916 During World War I, there was a Dutch dancer called Mata Hari. She accepted an assignment to spy for France in 1916 but actually worked for their enemy, Germany. She was found guilty of telling the Germans secrets about a new weapon that the French were using—the tank— and was put to death in 1917. 9. 2025 Today, spies don’t even need to leave their homes to collect secret information. They use computer programs called spyware from anywhere in the world to track activity and access top-secret information on faraway devices such as computers, tablets and smartphones. Many companies consider cyber espionage to be their number-one threat. 1.Aztec spies were nicknamed “mice” due to their ________. A. small and quick movements B. nighttime activities for spying C. expertise in hiding in dark places D. use of underground spaces for secret operations 2.Which of the following spies used secret codes to send messages to fellow spies? A. Mata Hari B. Harriet Tubman C. Sir Francis Walsingham D. Anna Strong 3.What can we know about spies throughout history? A. Spying has been around for a thousand years. B. Modern spies depend heavily on cool tools and outfits for the operations. C. Different cultures had their own spies with unique methods. D. The ways of spying have remained unchanged throughout history. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高三上·上海闵行区七宝中学·期中）Looking through videos on Sora, a new OpenAI video app, feels like entering a dream. On the screen, a woman in a judo jacket throws an elephant; a young skater turns quickly on the frozen rings of Saturn; and in another video, OpenAI’s boss Sam Altman seems to take a computer part from a shop. None of these scenes are real — they are all made by artificial intelligence. Unlike other video apps, Sora does not let users post or film real videos. Everything on it is made by AI. Users just type a few words — like “me as a movie hero” or “a child hugging my future self” — and the system creates the video at once. Though people can join only by invitation, Sora has already become the top app in the US and Canada. Some invite codes are even sold online for up to 30 dollars, showing how popular it is. But Sora’s success also raises a serious question: how sustainable is it? Each video costs OpenAI around one dollar to produce, meaning that every new post increases the company’s expenses. Many other social-media platforms rely on user-created content that costs almost nothing to host. In contrast, a video app powered fully by AI may struggle to earn money unless the technology becomes far more efficient. Still, Sora’s long-term value may not lie in entertainment at all. Researchers at Google DeepMind found that new video models can solve visual problems without special training. They start from random static (最初的混乱噪点画面) and slowly make it clear, improving each frame to fit the user’s words. Such models can sharpen a photo, show the parts of an image, or guess the next movement. For example, from a photo of hands holding a jar, the system can create a short video of the hands opening it. Because of this ability, video models are now seen as “zero-shot reasoners”. They can complete unfamiliar tasks by reasoning step by step through series of images — something earlier systems could not do. Experts believe that such models could soon become general-purpose tools for visual reasoning, capable of handling almost any visual challenge without additional training. The excitement about video AI brings back an earlier moment. In 2022, researchers said language models could solve new tasks, and ChatGPT soon proved it. If history repeats itself, today’s strange Sora videos may mark the start of a bigger change — when AI began to see and think, not just read and write. 1.According to the passage, which of the following is a major feature of Sora? A. It offers live video calls between AI users. B. It charges a fee each time a video is viewed. C. It lets users upload real videos to mix with AI content. D. It creates AI-generated videos from short descriptions. 2.What is one problem Sora may face in the future? A. It cannot attract enough video makers. B. It requires users to buy costly invite codes. C. It depends on expensive AI to make videos. D. It cannot be used outside the US and Canada. 3.Why does the writer mention “an earlier moment” in the last paragraph? A. To explain why AI companies often repeat errors. B. To highlight how quickly Sora became successful. C. To show that video AI may lead to a breakthrough. D. To suggest that video AI research began much earlier. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Sora proves that people prefer AI as a video creator. B. Sora shows a new stage in how machines think and see. C. AI video apps are too costly to be useful in the near future. D. Sora is popular mainly because of its strange and funny videos. 主题语境03 人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海大同中学·期中）Climate change is caused by the extremely high levels of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide. We all know the effects could be disastrous, but are we aware of the possible solutions? Solution one: Though it sounds crazy, a group of researchers from British universities is making a plan to build a 12-mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, which would let a lot of chemicals, such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), go into the atmosphere. Surprisingly, there is good science behind the idea. The chemicals would form a protective layer around the earth that would reflect sunlight and so cool the earth, much like the effects of a volcanic eruption. Cost: around $10 billion a year Benefits: This plan would produce almost instant results. Risks: Volcanoes have almost destroy human in the past through the chemicals released in the atmosphere, and the same thing could happen again with this plan. Solution two: stir up (搅动) the oceans Intellectual Ventures, which is a company, has planned to build a million plastic tubes, each about 100 meters long, and use them to stir up the ocean. Why, you might be wondering, would we want to do this? Again, the answer is scientifically effective. The bottom of the ocean is almost freezing and by stirring it up, cold water would come to the surface and absorb (吸收) heat and CO2, and so cool the planet. Cost: tens of millions of dollars Benefits: This plan is relatively cheap and technically possible new. Risks: The tubes would possibly destroy sea life, and the plan may not work. Solution three: stop burning fossil fuels This is undoubtedly the best solution but is it really likely to happen in the near future? Cost: unknown Benefits: It’s a simple and effective plan. Risks: It may already be too late. Without real action, this plan could just mean “do nothing”. 1.Solution one is most likely to________. A. pump even more chemicals into the atmosphere B. form a protective layer with volcanic eruptions C. blow up a balloon to get rid of poisonous chemicals D. draw as much sunlight as possible 2.What can be learned about solution two? A. It needs more valid scientific experiment. B. It aims to cool the warm surface water in the ocean. C. It may do harm to animals and plants living in the sea D. It is much more expensive to carry out than solution one. 3.What does the writer think of solution three? A. It is effective because it will benefit world economy. B. Whether it will come true remains to be seen. C. Putting it into practice may cost nothing. D. Action has been taken to carry it out. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海晋元高级中学·期中）The smartest way to understand any system is to watch how people cheat it. And when it comes to office life few are more skilled than the artful dodgers of effort. Let’s start with Rule : Always look like you’re working. This can be as simple as walking fast with a serious expression, carrying a laptop you never open, or nodding thoughtfully in meetings while saying absolutely nothing. Pro tip: arrive a bit early, leave slightly late, and never be caught near the snacks too often. It’s a performance, and you’re the lead actor. Rule : Use technology to your lazy advantage. Thanks to smartphones and email, you can now pretend to be working while actually booking flights, reading about the history of cheese, or shopping for socks. If your fingers are typing and you appear deep in thought, no one will question you. The more windows you have open, the busier you look. Next up: Choose your job wisely. Avoid roles where results are easily measured — like sandwich making or heart surgery. Aim instead for jobs with vague responsibilities and plenty of meetings. Large corporations and departments no one fully understands (e.g., “digital innovation synergy”) are excellent hiding spots. Research backs this up. One Swedish study revealed many employees spend over two hours a day doing absolutely nothing useful. Some even watched internet videos or organized their fantasy football teams — all without anyone noticing. Then there’s Rule : Confuse your boss with tech. Create spreadsheets with mysterious formulas (公式). Use acronyms (首字母缩略词) no one understands. Keep a second monitor open with code or charts. The goal is to make your work look so complicated that nobody dares to ask questions. Lastly, remember: It’s not about laziness — it’s about survival. In an age of pointless meetings and “urgent” emails about nothing, knowing when not to work is a skill. And if your coworkers admire how “calm” and “focused” you are under pressure, they’ll never suspect that you’re mostly just excellent at pretending. So, put on your most serious face, open a spreadsheet, and get ready to do the minimum with maximum style. 1.Which of the following best describes “the artful dodgers of effort” (paragraph 1)? A. Employees who cause problems to avoid responsibilities. B. Workers who do very little while looking extremely busy. C. New employees who struggle to keep up with demanding workloads. D. Team leaders who distribute tasks unfairly among their team members. 2.What suggestion does the writer give in terms of choosing a job? A. Look for one where your effort can be measured. B. Select one that keeps you active throughout the day. C. Choose one with flexible hours and high expectations D. Pick one where it’s hard to track how much you’re doing. 3.Why does the writer advise presenting spreadsheets with mysterious-looking calculations? A. To make your work seem too complex to question. B. To prevent others from spotting errors in the sheet. C. To help managers make quicker and easier decisions. D. To appear skilled and knowledgeable in data analysis. 4.Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with? A. True success only comes from constant productivity. B. Laziness should be avoided in any professional setting. C. Faking efficiency is a smart strategy for getting by at work. D. Employees who appear calm are usually the most hardworking. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海向明中学·期中）The Motivated Sequence (序列) of Public Speech The motivated sequence gets its name partly because it follows John Dewey’s problem-solution model for thinking and partly because it makes attractive analyses of these problems and their solutions by tying them to human motives. That is, the motivated sequence is both problem-driven and motivation-centered There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence: 1. You must get people to attend to some problem, or to feel discomfort strongly enough to want to hear more. 2. You can create more specific wants or desires, a personal sense of need. 3. When wants or needs are created, you can attempt to satisfy them by showing what can be done to solve the problem or relieve the sense of discomfort. 4. Simply describing a course of action may not be enough, so in the fourth place you can visualize the world as it would look if the actions were carried out, and what it might be like if they were not. 5. With that, if you have done these four tasks well, audience members should be ready to act - to put into practice the proposed solution to their problems. The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches. It could be used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Or, you could use it to sell a friend insurance. You can also use it to talk about social problems, such as the environment and the economy. Five steps Audience response 1 Attention Getting attention I want to listen. 2 Need Showing the need: describing the solution Something needs to be done. 3 Satisfaction Satisfying the need: presenting the solution This is what to do to satisfy the need 4 Visualization Visualizing the results ? 5 Action Requesting action or approval I will do this. 1.What is the possible response from the audience in step 4? A. I can imagine how this will benefit me. B. I understand why this is necessary. C. I know exactly what to do next. D. I am ready to take action now. 2.How does the passage suggest the motivated sequence connects to human motives? A. By analyzing psychological theories of motivation. B. By combining problem-solving with human desires. C. By emphasizing the importance of emotional language. D. By providing statistical evidence of audience behavior. 3.Xiao Wang is trying to persuade his classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Help him draft a speech by putting the following five sentences in the right order based on the motivated sequence. (1) With the steady supply of blood, emergencies will be met with timely treatment. (2) You can help by filling out the blood donors’ cards I am passing out. (3) Our area is short of blood of all types to meet emergency needs. (4) A man died last night in a traffic accident because he lost too much blood. (5) A blood donors’ association guarantees a predictable, steady supply of blood to the medical community. A. 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 B. 4 – 1 – 5 – 3 – 2 C. 4 – 3 – 5 – 1 – 2 D. 3 – 4 – 5 – 1 – 2 Passage 4 （25-26高三上·上海普陀区曹杨第二中学·期中）If you know someone with borderline personality disorder (BPD), you’re aware of how quickly they can step up from mild annoyance to outbursts of anger. However, Sonya Varma, a professor from York University, wondered, do people with BPD have problems in all aspects of this process? Could they have an as-yet-undiscovered set of emotional strengths? According to new research by Varma and her colleagues, emotion regulation involves both the internal reactions of the body and the conscious efforts people make to label those bodily feelings. This labeling process, they maintain, could make all the difference when it comes to settling back down and putting the mind back at rest. To tease apart these features of emotion regulation, Varma designed an experimental situation in which they put participants into an “emotion induction (引导)” treatment. Participants read a story that was intended to cause a negative emotion such as a hit-and-run car accident or the death of your dog. The sample included 29 participants with diagnosed BPD who were age- and sex-matched with healthy controls, and they ranged in age from 18 to 60. To examine the effect of labeling, Varma asked their participants to type their current emotional states into a computer, choosing from a set they saw on the screen. They could use the same word multiple times if they wished. If indeed people with BPD have difficulty labeling their emotions, then this fault should have been reflected in their ability to return to baseline (起点) after the negative emotion induction. However, the findings surprisingly ran counter to the research team’s expectations: People with BPD were equal to the control participants in the negativity of their expressed emotion, the intensity of that emotion, and even the words they used to describe their emotions. Although using a wider range of words following the emotion induction helped to bring about greater physiological control for all participants, there were no differences between groups in this effect. Given its role in helping restore physiological peace, it appears that regardless of whether someone has BPD or not, it can be beneficial to learn to label your emotions. When you’re starting down the pathway of experiencing a negative emotion, you can benefit by applying an accurate label to that emotion as opposed to holding it back or calling it something else. This can potentially prevent engagement in destructive behaviors that may function to downregulate emotion such as self-harm. To sum up, this new information about BPD can offer hope that at least one key element of the emotion regulation process appears to function effectively. Building on this strength could very well provide a new and unexplored pathway for their satisfaction. 1.According to paragraph 1 and 2, people with BPD _________. A. may be good at labeling bodily feelings B. may lose their temper easily and suddenly C. encounter problems in every aspect of their life D. have emotional strengths like emotion regulation 2.The underlined phrase “tease apart” (Para 3, Line 1) is closest in meaning to _________. A. identify B. combine C. emphasize D. dominate 3.What can be inferred from Varma’s experiment? A. Negative emotions affect the ability to reflect. B. Healthy controls excel at regulating their mental state. C. Rich expressions contribute to psychological stability. D. People with BPD met the research team’s expectations. 4.What is the passage mainly about? A. A new pathway of regulating emotions. B. A method of consciously labeling emotions. C. An unexpected strength of people with BPD. D. An involuntary reaction to people with BPD. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海晋元高级中学·期中）For many members of China’s post-00s generation, spending patterns have shifted from material possessions to emotional fulfillment. A 2025 survey by the Workplace Human Laboratory reveals that while these young consumers are remarkably practical, they are also eager to invest in experiences that bring meaning and joy. College students today often describe life as a search for adventure rather than accumulation. “I’d rather save up for a concert or a trip than buy something that simply looks good,” said Qi Qi, a 23-year-old from Beijing. This balance between practicality and emotion has become the defining feature of their consumption philosophy. They seek value for money, yet are willing to pay more for moments that enrich their lives or expand their horizons. Interestingly, researchers found that post-00s are not as free-spending as common belief suggests. Nearly half of respondents said they buy merely what they truly need, while a quarter prioritize cost performance — how well a product serves its purpose relative to its price. Only small minorities pay extra for luxury brands. On social platforms, these students exchange reviews, compare prices, and even celebrate smart spending by purchasing second-hand items. However, being practical doesn’t mean ignoring feelings. When asked about ideal “emotional consumption,” 84 percent chose tourism, followed by hobbies such as photography or playing instruments, and interactive experiences like escape rooms or live music. “I spend generously on travel because it makes me genuinely happy,” explained another respondent. Such spending, they argue, is an investment in well-being rather than material pleasure. Technology also shapes their everyday “necessities.” Smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and electric bicycles dominate their wish lists, replacing many traditional symbols of youth life. “Electric bikes are not just convenient — they save time and energy,” noted one participant. Moreover, 71 percent reported paying for digital services, from software memberships to online learning tools, signaling a readiness to invest in virtual experiences as well. Behind these choices lies a generation redefining what consumption means. For them, growth is measured less by possessions than by experience, reflection, and connection. Their spending, though carefully calculated, embodies a desire to live deliberately — to seek both efficiency and emotional depth in a fast-paced, digital world. 1.The word “accumulation” (paragraph 2) can be best replaced by “________”. A. pleasant experiences B. spending habits C. practical items D. material gain 2.Which statement about post-00s consumption is supported by the research findings? A. Most are willing to pay more for luxury brands. B. Around half buy only what they consider essential. C. The majority spend more on devices than on travel. D. Fewer than one-third engage in online comparisons. 3.What does the passage imply about the financial awareness of this generation? A. They lack confidence in managing money independently. B. They avoid comparing prices or seeking product reviews. C. They are disciplined and analytical in evaluating purchases D. They make spending decisions based on short-term pleasure. 4.What is the central message of the passage? A. Social media fuels unrealistic expectations. B. Young Chinese prize experiences over possessions. C. Financial moderation now defines youth consumption. D. Modern technology is reshaping how China’s youth spend. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海徐汇区·期中） For the time being it’s dominant — but as the Romans could tell you, nothing lasts forever. Given that 1,500 languages could disappear by the end of this century, by some estimates, some may find it absurd to even ask this question. English is certainly not on the endangered list. As the one truly global language, it is more often labelled an “exterminator”, a huge yet slow dinosaur that unknowingly crushes unfortunate smaller languages underfoot — or undertongue. The fact is, though, that no language has yet proved eternal. Subjects of the Roman or Egyptian empires might once have assumed that their languages would last forever, like their dominance, but they were wrong. “English could of course die, just as Egyptian died,” says linguist Martin Haspelmath. The more interesting questions are: when and how? Predicting the future of any language is, most linguists believe, an exercise in question. The code by which we communicate is subject to so many complex and interacting forces that we can’t do much more than guess. Still, most experts would agree on a few guiding principles. Migration is a major driver of language change, as is technology — though the two can counteract as well as promote each other. Some predict that international migration will rise as the climate crisis intensifies, and technological renewal is speeding up, but they aren’t the only factors in the mix. Widespread literacy and schooling — both only a few hundred years old — act as brakes on linguistic evolution, by imposing common standards. We’re in uncharted territory. English could come under pressure as a global lingua franca if, for instance, India drops English as an official language. “A hundred years from now, the world could be very different,” Haspelmath says. But English will still be spoken in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, in all likelihood. And we have to distinguish between two phenomena: the resizing of English’s dominion, and its own internal evolution. English exists today in many spoken variants, just as Latin did before it exploded into Romance. Those variants are being held together by a common written form and the Internet — adhesive (黏合的) forces that were absent in the late Roman empire, most of whose subjects were illiterate — so English is unlikely to go the way of Latin. As for the combined impact of migration and technology on the nature of English, that’s harder to anticipate. Although the language has never stood still, the growing inflow of non-native English speakers to English- speaking strongholds could start a period of accelerated change, leading to a new language in need of a new name: post-modern English. And if machine translation is taken up on a massive scale, both the residents and the immigrants could be relieved of the pressure to learn each other’s languages. The point is that even if we can’t predict how English will change, we can be sure that it will, and that no global language is immune from extinction. Both Latin and Egyptian were spoken for more than 2, 000 years; English has been going strong for about 1,500. It’s looking healthy now, but its days could yet be numbered. 1.What can be inferred from the first three paragraphs? A. English is and will not be an endangered language. B. English intentionally exterminates other languages. C. Even historically dominant languages eventually decline. D. Predicting the future of any language is never possible. 2.What helps maintain the unity of English despite its many spoken variants? A. The common written form and the Internet. B. The combined effects of migration and technology. C. The widespread literacy and online communication. D. The ongoing dominance of English in the West. 3.Which statement best reflects the author’s view on the long-term future of English? A. English is most likely to remain widely spoken, though its exact form may shift. B. English may eventually evolve into a new language, influenced by many factors. C. English is safe from extinction because of its common written form and the Internet. D. English might disappear soon due to political shifts and technological changes. 4.Which of the following would be the most suitable title for this passage? A. When Migration and Technology Collide with Words B. Extinction or Evolution: Predicting English’s Fate C. What Will Replace English as the Global Language? D. Could the English Language Really Die someday? 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海徐汇区·期中）America’s Bald Eagles — A Remarkable Story of Success When it comes to wildlife, most narratives emphasize catastrophe and species loss caused by human activity. So it is refreshing to encounter exceptions, and perhaps no story is more inspiring in the United States than that of the bald eagle, rescued from near extinction. Its status as America’s national emblem (国徽) may have drawn attention, but symbolic respect alone could not safeguard the species. Originally widespread across North America, the bald eagle was a natural choice for a national symbol, with its impressive wingspan, commanding presence, and unique association with the continent. Yet over the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the species faced constant threats. Urban expansion, agricultural development, and indiscriminate hunting gradually reduced its numbers to dangerously low levels. Federal protection and public awareness campaigns became essential to prevent complete collapse. A key factor in the eagle’s decline was widespread pesticide use, particularly DDT. Affected fish disrupted reproduction, as eagles laid eggs with shells too fragile to survive. Awareness of the problem, brought to national attention by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, eventually led to the banning of DDT and marked a pivotal turning point in conservation efforts. To accelerate recovery, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service developed a captive-breeding program. Scientists artificially incubated (孵化) initial groups of eggs, allowing eagles to produce following groups naturally, which significantly promoted population growth. These joint efforts, alongside habitat protection and strict legal safeguards, gradually restored the species. Today, bald eagle populations have rebounded impressively. While still classified as “threatened” and protected under multiple federal statutes, the species’ resurgence illustrates the power of sustained conservation, legislative action, and public engagement. Their recovery stands as a proof to what can be achieved when humans take responsibility for preserving the natural world. The story of the bald eagle demonstrates that even severe population declines can be reversed with careful planning, dedicated effort, and societal commitment. It is a rare and compelling example of human intervention successfully preserving both a national symbol and a species once on the brink of extinction. The bald eagle’s comeback reminds us that, with alertness and cooperation, it is possible to balance human activity with the survival of the wild. 1.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the bald eagle being the national emblem? A. To prove that the bald eagle was more important than any other animals. B. To illustrate that the bald eagle’s popularity led to its decline. C. To suggest that its near extinction was caused by American’s neglect. D. To emphasize that admiration was insufficient to protect the species. 2.What does the underlined phrase “a pivotal turning point” in para. 3 most likely refer to? A. The first scientific discovery of the harmful effects of pesticides. B. The introduction of laws protecting endangered wildlife species. C. The ban on DDT following the awareness raised by Silent Spring. D. The publication of Rachel Carson’s book and her later recognition. 3.Which measure contributed most directly to the population recovery of bald eagles? A. The ban on pesticide use in bald eagles’ habitats. B. The breeding plan and egg incubation system. C. The improvement of public awareness campaigns. D. Science writers’ appeal to protect bald eagles. 4.What larger message does the author convey through the story of the bald eagle’s revival? A. Restoring nature requires advanced technology and strict management. B. Human efforts, when consistent and collective, can reverse grave damage. C. Symbolic species often recover faster because they attract more sympathy. D. Environmental protection depends mainly on political will and legislation. Passage 2 Living with Fire: Surviving the Forest Wildfires of California California wildfires can cause devastating damage to property and human lives. But for plant species that have lived for thousands of years in the fire-prone Sierra Nevada, forest fires are an expected part of the natural environment. This infographic introduces four different California plant species, all with different adaptations to fire. Giant Sequoia·Sequoiadendron giganteum The giant sequoia is the typical example of a fire-adapted plant species. One of the largest trees in the world, giant sequoias grow particularly well in the mineral soil exposed by wildfire. Giant sequoias also have thick bark that protects them from low-severity fires. Because younger trees may catch fire easily, giant sequoia trees grow quickly as another adaptation to fire-prone environments. Fire-Resistant Bark Mature trees can have bark up to 2 feet thick, although 6-8inches is more common. This species grows to a height of 250feet-about the wing span of a Boeing 747. Seed Germination (发芽) Giant sequoia seeds germinate particularly well in mineral soil — the soil layer below the needles and decomposed material on forest floor that is exposed after fires burn. Fireweed·Chamerion angustifolium After a wildfire, fireweed is one of the first plants to re-grow in burned areas. Like many other plants that grow in openings created by fire, fireweed seeds are spread by wind. This allows the plant to reach newly burned areas, even if the parent plant is far away. Fireweed is an important post-disturbance species because it can recycle nutrients from burned soil. In fact, it was one of the most abundant species to recolonize Mount St. Helens after the 1980 volcanic eruption. Wind-spread Seeds Each fireweed plant can produce 80,000 seeds per year. These small seeds are dispersed by wind, allowing fireweed to quickly establish colonies in newly disturbed areas. Ponderosa Pine·Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine has thick bark plates that protect the tree’s interior and help the tree survive most fires. Mature trees can withstand high-severity fires, and even young trees can survive low-intensity fires. These trees also drop their lower branches as they grow. With less fuel near the ground, there’s less chance that fire will spread from the ground up into the living canopy (树冠) tree, destroying the pine needles required for photosynthesis. Finally, ponderosa pine trees have deep roots that are less likely to be damaged by fire. Fire-Resistant Bark The bark of mature ponderosa pine trees is thick and plated. This fire-resistant bark covers a very moist core that also helps to get rid of heat from wildfires. California Lilac·Ceanothus cordulatus California Lilac seeds are covered by an extremely hard seed coat. Wildfires crack open this coating, which then allows water to reach the seed and begin the sprouting process. Seedlings seldom sprout if there is no fire to begin the process of germination. In fact, California lilac seeds can lie inactive for hundreds of years until the next wildfire, although the areas where California lilac grows naturally experience fire every one or two decades. Buried Seeds California Lilac seeds buried within the soil can withstand fires as hot as 220°F (105℃) Soil Seed Bank Because seeds require fire to germinate, dropped seeds accumulate in soil “seed banks” every year. In some forests, there are almost 2 million California lilac seeds per acre of soil. 1.Which of the following is a correct match for the plant and its features? A. Giant Sequoia: thick bark and quick growth. B. Fireweed: fast regrowth and wind-spread branches. C. Ponderosa Pine: strong lower branches and big canopy. D. California Lilac: hard seed coat and inactivity after fires. 2.A mountainous region has just experienced its first major wildfire in years. The fire burned extremely hot, leaving behind deep layers of ash and exposed soil. The area is expected to remain open, with strong seasonal winds blowing across it. Which plant would most likely to recolonise this environment? A. Giant Sequoia. B. Fireweed. C. Ponderosa Pine. D. California Lilac 3.Where would you most likely find the above piece of information? A. In a travel guide about California forests. B. In a gardening magazine focused on domestic plants. C. In a newspaper report on recent California wildfires. D. In a field guide about fire-adapted plants. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海闵行区七宝中学·期中）Why Do We Do Things That Are Bad for Us? Ancient Puzzle More than two thousand years ago, Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle debated a question that still feels modern: Why do people act against what they believe is best? They called this phenomenon akrasia — a failure of self-control in the face of temptation. While Socrates argued that truly knowing the good would make wrongdoing impossible, Aristotle observed that human desire often weakens our judgment, turning clear thinking into hesitation and regret. Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire Modern research continues that dialogue. Richard Holton, a philosopher at Cambridge University, notes that we often choose what we don’t consider best: “It may feel idealistic,” he said, “but we constantly decide to do things we judge to be unwise.” ●Psychologists describe akrasia as a conflict between our intentions and our actions. ●Economists go further: revealed-preference theory suggests that behavior itself — what we actually do — reveals our true values more clearly than our words. The Pull of the Present According to psychologist George Ainslie, people naturally overvalue short-term rewards and undervalue long-term ones, a process known as hyperbolic discounting. That is why________. Survey Insight: 73% of adults admit that their daily choices often conflict with their long-term goals. The Power of Environment Philosopher and researcher Kalis argues that our surroundings — not just our willpower — shape self-control. Adjusting one's environment may help resist temptation more effectively than simply “trying harder.” Leaving the phone outside the bedroom or scheduling exercise with a friend are examples of commitment devices — practical ways to prevent sudden shifts in behavior. Turning Desire into Action Studies show that goals are achieved more often when we set a specific plan rather than vague intentions. Psychologist Peter Gollwitzer calls this an implementation intention: “If I finish my work, then I’ll watch one episode” This method helps translate intention into behavior, reducing the mental space for excuses. Still, two conflicting intentions cannot coexist for long; one will eventually guide our action. 1.What does the term akrasia mainly refer to? A. moment of hesitation before making a moral choice. B. A sudden change caused by strong emotional pressure. C. loss of the ability to judge right from wrong. D. A conflict between what we intend and what we actually do. 2.Which of the following best fits the blank numbered “__________”? A. we reward ourselves with a short break after finishing our homework on time B. we carefully make a long-term study plan and follow it without any hesitation C. we choose to watch one more episode even when we have an essay to complete D. we turn off our phones to avoid any potential distraction while studying for exams 3.What can be inferred from the ideas discussed in the passage? A. Long-term goals seldom change with emotion. B. Self-control comes mainly from talent, not planning. C. True values are reflected more in choices than in claims. D. Philosophers once thought knowledge guaranteed virtue. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海上进才中学·期中）Children who don’t read proficiently (熟练地) by the end of the third grade are far more likely to be left behind in many ways. The first thing to know about early literacy is that it is critically important; the next is that it connects to a whole lot of other conditions and challenges. But the best thing to know is that there are solutions to the problem of poor reading skills and some smart people working toward them. They could use your help. “It’s more than an education issue, more than a reading issue,” says Arianne Weldon, director of the Get Georgia Reading Campaign, a nonprofit organization founded in 2013. “Getting more kids to read takes more than good schools, more than great teachers, more than loving families. It really does take all of us working together.” Only 42 percent of Georgia public school children are now reading proficiently by the end of the third grade, according to 2019 Georgia Department of Education (DOE) figures — not a great number, but an improvement over the 37 percent recorded in 2015 and lower scores prior to that. Weldon says children not in that proficiency group are four times more likely to drop out of high school and, further, that every student who doesn’t finish represents an estimated $260,000 in lost earnings and productivity. “By the end of the third grade,” says Mindy Binderman, executive director of Georgia Early Education Alliance for Ready Students, a nonprofit organization concerned with early learning, “if children are not reading at grade level, they are less likely to be successful in school, less likely to graduate on time, and more likely to engage in risky behavior. The third-grade reading marker is such an important indicator of all that comes later and, frankly, all that came before.” A key national study released by the Annie E. Casey Foundation in 2010 highlighted the reading problem, especially among students from low- income families; the following research has strengthened the relationship between poverty and both reading ability and failure to graduate from high school. Clearly, poverty plays a key role in children’s reading proficiency, influencing the schools they attend and the community resources they can make use of. Parents’ education level, especially mothers’, is a factor as well. “Maternal education and maternal literacy are a huge predictor of child literacy and educational outcomes,” says Dana Rickman, vice president of the Georgia Partnership for Excellence in Education, established to promote and support education. “We’ve got a pretty high adult illiteracy rate in Georgia that a lot of people don’t like talking about.” Improving adult literacy eventually impacts children’s reading ability. 1.According to the passage, early literacy is important mainly because it________. A. indicates how well a child’s brain has been developing B. explains the reasons why a child drops out of high school C. tells whether a child may become successful as an adult D. reports the average educational level of a certain region 2.According to Arianne Weldon, what is the most possible consequence of poor reading skills? A. Entering schools with fewer resources. B. Suffering from serious mental disorders. C. Earning less than they otherwise would. D. Causing more risks in future life. 3.From what Dana Rickman says, we can infer that________. A. parents can predict their children’s early literacy based on their resources B. exposing children to reading tasks at an earlier age is part of family support C. illiteracy rate can be greatly reduced by upgrading children’s communities D. improving mothers’ education is useful for bettering children’s reading ability 4.If this passage has several remaining paragraphs, which of the following is the most probable topic they will cover? A. Why third grade is seen by experts as a critical period. B. How the government may improve parents’ education level. C. Why adult illiteracy rate is higher in Georgia than in other places. D. How poverty may influence a child’s future academic development. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海行知中学·期中）A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need to “speed up breakthroughs in research and technology.” Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency, some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in various conversations, it seemed to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster. The WEF mindset is similar to the Silicon Valley dictate — to move fast and break things. But what if the thing being broken is science? Or public trust? In recent years we’ve seen important papers, written by outstanding scientists and published in celebrated journals, retracted because of questionable data or methods, hence a question: Are scholars at supercompetitive places such as Harvard and Stanford rushing to publish rather than taking the time to do their work right? It’s impossible to answer this question scientifically because there’s no scientific definition of what constitutes “rushing.” But there’s little doubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under tremendous pressure to produce results — and a lot of them — quickly. The problem is not unique to the U. S. In Europe, formal research assessments — which are used to allocate (分配) future funding — have for years judged academic departments largely on the quantity of their output. A recent reform urging an emphasis on quality over quantity allowed that the existing system had created “counterincentives.” Good science takes time. More than 50 years passed between the 1543 publication of Copernicus’s On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. And it took just about half a century for geologists and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental drift. There’s plenty of evidence that scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Consider the sheer volume of academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at more than seven million a year, compared with fewer than a million as recently as 1980. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down if we are to produce knowledge worthy of trust. 1.WEF meeting in Switzerland advocated that ________. A. WEF and Silicon Valley reach an agreement to move fast B. public trust in science is not supposed to be easily broken C. researchers need to achieve breakthroughs more rapidly D. climate emergency and AI push scientific research hard 2.Which of the following examples fails to prove that good science takes time? A. High-profile scholars’ tremendous output. B. Publication of Copernicus’s theory. C. Retraction of important papers. D. Acceptance of the idea of continental drift. 3.The underlined word “counterincentives” in para. 5 probably means ________. A. measures to increase quantities of output B. contradictory motives for future funding C. rewards for leading universities’ research D. discouragements of high quality papers 4.Which of the following is best title of the passage? A. WEF Coincides with Silicon Valley B. Trouble in the Fast Lane C. Choice between Quantity and Quality D. Collapse of Public Trust 主题语境02 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中）Shakespeare’s plays were so popular in the 16th and 17th centuries because they were good — and because they were cheap. Productions at the Globe, the cultural landmark of London, saw audiences cram in, with the cheapest “seats” being no seats at all, but standing places in the “pit” below the stage. Few complained, even as their knees no doubt protested, thanks to the quality of what unfolded in front of them. The same holds true in 2025: standing tickets are still only £10, or £5 if you book early enough, and the theatre remains as spectacular as ever. This summer’s Romeo and Juliet, for instance, is full of life. The audience roars with laughter at all the right moments. It is a far cry from the miscommunication and heavy-handed teaching at General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) that has put generations of students off Shakespeare. For Michelle Terry, the artistic director at Shakespeare’s Globe, making theatre accessible is vital to turning around perceptions, and the cheap tickets certainly help. The pricing, Terry reckons, gives audiences the chance to make their mind up about Shakespeare without pressure. The low entry fee gives audiences “the right to have an opinion”. “You can say, I am not having a good time, and I can afford to leave,” she says. While access for all is the goal, the team are aware of the role that Shakespeare plays in the national curriculum and make every effort to ensure as many students as possible can see its plays. Each year it tries to programme at least one of the GCSE texts, and in 2023-24 more than 120,000 students visited the Globe to see Shakespeare live, 26,000 of them for free. School visitors aren’t the only ones keen to see Shakespeare. Today the Globe truly lives up to its name, with a third of visitors last year coming from abroad, from 147 different countries. For Terry, bringing people together from all walks of life is central to making theatre accessible — especially in today’s political climate where people are becoming increasingly polarised, isolationist, individualist. 1.Shakespeare’s Globe in the 16th and 17th centuries ________. A. provided tickets from five pounds B. impressed visitors with quality shows C. smartly dealt with viewers’ complaints D. offered more standing places than seats. 2.According to the passage, Globe’s current success is due to ________. ①affordable prices ②engaging performance ③comfortable environment ④enrollment of foreign performers ⑤cultivation of prospective visitors ⑥encouragement of free art appreciation A. ①②④⑥ B. ①②⑤⑥ C. ①③⑤⑥ D. ②③④⑤ 3.What can be inferred about GCSE? A. Its texts are funded by private organizations like the Globe. B. It ignores the importance of Shakespeare plays for students. C. It intends to free students from the burden of Shakespeare plays. D. Its teaching robs students of the joy of learning Shakespeare plays. 4.The passage is mainly about ________. A. the popularity of Shakespeare’s plays B. the influence of Shakespeare’s plays C. the development of a famous theater D. the accessibility of a famous theater Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）Six Best Places for ________ in Paris Le Closerie des Lilas This restaurant/cafe/brasserie is a true literary location. On the terrace, F. Scott Fitzgerald apparently first revealed the manuscript for The Great Gatsby to Ernest Hemingway. This spot in Montparnasse was also frequented by Paul Verlaine, Max Jacob and Henry Miller, among others. 171 Boulevard du Montparnasse Les Deux Magots Located in Saint-Germain-des-Pres on the Left Bank, Les Deux Magotx gets a mention in Nabokov's novel Lolita. It was also frequented by such heavyweights as Albert Gamus, James Joyce, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway. Even Julia Child liked the food enough to plant herself at one of its famed outdoor tables. Today, tables are occupied by tourists instead of typists, but it's worth paying a few euros for a coffee here. 6 Place Saint-Germain Des Pres Pere Lachaise Cemetery Perhaps the world's most famous resting place, Pere Lachaise is the home of Marcel Proust and Oscar Wilde, among scores of other famous people buried here. Singer and 'poet' Jim Morrison is, of course, famously six feet under in this verdant (郁郁葱葱的), ambient cemetery as well. 8 Boulevard de Menilmontant Polidor Ernest Hemingway, Paul Verlaine, James Joyce, Victor Hugo, Henry Miller, Arthur Rimbaud and Jack Kerouac all enjoyed classic French dishes like steak, beef Bourguignon, steak tartare, escargot, and foie gras at this sixth-arrondissement restaurant. In the 2011 Woody Allen film, Midnight in Paris, the protagonist meets Hemingway and Salvador Dali here. 41 Rue Monsieur Le Prince Bar Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald used to put 'em back at this fashionable and expensive bar in the Ritz. Musician Cole Porter would spend hours nursing cocktails at the bar and even composed a tune or two here. And, of course, the bar's namesake. Mr Ernest Hemingway, was a regular and even likened the drinking space to heaven. He also mentions the bar in The Sun Also Rises. 15 Place Vendome Shakespeare & Company Since 1951, this Left Bank bookshop has been a central meeting point for the city's English-language lovers of great literature. It's also attracted many legendary writers as well. Williams Burroughs, Anais Nin, James Baldwin, Henry Miller, Paul Auster, Martin Amis and Zadie Smith, among countless others, have shopped for books or participated in literary events here. 37 Rue de la Bucherie 1.Your friend Jenny plans to go to Paris for travelling and she is a big fan of the famous movie director Woody Allen. Which place would you recommend that she visit? A. 171 Boulevard du Montparnasse B. 41 Rue Monsieur Le Prince C. 8 Boulevard de Menilmontant D. 37 Rue de la Bucherie 2.Earnest Hemingway was a regular to the following places except ________. A. Pere Lachasise Cemetery B. Les Deux Magots C. Bar Hemingway D. Polidor 3.Which of the following phrases best complete the title? A. Literature Lovers B. Experienced Tourists C. Cuisine Enthusiasts D. History Researchers Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海位育中学·期中）Live concerts are becoming a vital part of youth culture in China. In 2024 alone, large-scale shows generated over 26 billion yuan from ticket sales, with nearly 30 million fans filling arenas. But what exactly makes these events so appealing? I think it’s the unique, multi-sensory experience that digital performances or your playlists just can’t provide. A live gig’s immersive atmosphere — the shared physical presence, vibrant visuals, and raw energy of the crowd — easily outshines digital experiences. I will never forget my first concert on a warm spring evening. The moment my friends and I stepped into the arena, I felt the air buzzing with excitement. Thousands of people were waiting expectantly, many wearing T-shirts with the singer’s name and holding glowing light sticks. Everyone was smiling, chatting and ready for something amazing. When the lights went out, the crowd roared. A single spotlight lit up the stage, and then — boom — the music started. The sound was so powerful that it seemed to pass right through me. Every note was remarkably clear, and the bass made my heart pound. Then the singer’s voice came through, dynamic and transporting, far better than I could ever have imagined. Every line was filled with emotion, as if it were telling my very own story. What struck me most profoundly, though, was the connection between that vast crowd of strangers. Apart from my friends, I didn’t know the people standing on either side of me, but we sang the same lyrics, moved to the same beat, and waved our arms in unison. At that moment, it didn’t matter who we were or where we came from; we were all part of one big family. Then the stage quieted and so did we. As a slow song began, I looked around and saw thousands of glowing lights, the audience swaying together and singing softly. It felt simply magical. I thought about how, in our busy lives, we rarely stop to share moments like these and how much we should. On the journey home, my voice was hoarse from singing and my legs tired from dancing, yet my heart was full and content. That night gave me more than just music; it gifted me a cherished memory that would stay with me forever. The same holds true for countless young fans, because concerts are not merely events; they are significant milestones on a personal journey. This is why live concerts have gained in popularity across China: They create shared experiences that bring people together and make life feel richer, brighter, and more alive. 1.What is the primary reason the author proposes for the growing popularity of live concerts in China? A. The superior sound quality compared to digital music. B. The opportunity to see famous singers in person. C. The creation of shared emotional experiences that unite people. D. The extensive marketing and advertising campaigns for concerts. 2.Beyond the music itself, what did the author suggest was the most significant personal gain from the concert experience? A. A cherished and lasting personal memory. B. Improved understanding of stage production. C. A collection of photos and videos to share online. D. Stronger personal friendships with companions. 3.Based on the author’s experience, what can be inferred about the psychological need that live concerts fulfill for young people? A. The need to escape from busy daily routines and experience emotional release. B. The desire to collect merchandise and show support for favorite artists. C. The practical need to learn about new music trends. D. The financial motivation to invest in valuable concert memories. 4.How would the author likely characterize the social function of live concerts in modern Chinese society? A. As commercial events that primarily benefit the music industry. B. As temporary communities where strangers become connected through shared emotion. C. As competitive spaces where fans demonstrate their loyalty to artists. D. As educational opportunities to learn about musical techniques. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海敬业中学·期中）Collins Word of the Year 2026 Announced-Do You Feel “Mindful Tech”? What Is “Mindful Tech”? The phrase “mindful tech” has been named the Collins Word of the Year 2026, reflecting a growing trend of using technology with greater awareness and care. It describes a lifestyle in which people use digital tools to improve daily life without becoming controlled by them. The idea started with young professionals who began setting “digital limits”—like turning off work messages after 8 p.m. or keeping phones out of the bedroom. Many say this practice helps them focus, rest, and stay with the real world. Where Did the Term Come From? Linguists noticed that the phrase first appeared on social media posts about “tech detox (解毒)” and “screen balance.” It soon spread across articles, podcasts, and wellness campaigns. According to the Collins Corpus, a database of 24 billion words, “mindful tech” was one of the fastest-rising expressions in 2026. Why It Matters Experts believe the term captures a shift in modern culture: people want to enjoy innovation without losing control of their attention or emotions. As one researcher said, “It’s not about avoiding technology, it’s about designing a healthier relationship with it.” Other Shortlisted Words ·Sleep syncing—adjusting sleep schedules to match natural light cycles. ·Eco-swap—replacing everyday products with sustainable options. ·Text ghosting—suddenly stopping online communication. ·Quiet quitting 2.0—doing one’s job well but refusing unpaid overtime. 1.According to the passage, what does “mindful tech” mean? A. Using technology in an innovative way. B. Using technology with awareness and balance. C. Living a digital-free life to improve concentration. D. Limiting online communication to work-related content. 2.Which of the following best explains why the term “mindful tech” matters? A. It reveals that new expressions are constantly emerging. B. It encourages people to avoid ineffective digital communication. C. It indicates that people are turning away from online communication. D. It shows that people want harmony between technology and well-being. 3.What do the shortlisted words in the passage have in common? A. They relate to new technologies. B. They are popular on social websites. C. They show how people adjust to new trends. D. They describe those disappearing old habits. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海南洋中学·期中）The placebo effect is a well-known example of the brain’s power over the body, allowing people who are poorly or in pain to improve if they are led to believe they are being treated. The opposite, however, is also possible: patients who believe that procedures will cause them to suffer ill effects can make themselves worse. The roots of this anti-placebo, or nocebo, effect are difficult to identify. But in a paper in Health Psychology Review, researchers in Australia have pooled the available evidence and ranked the contributing factors. Misinformation on social media seems to come near the top. In fact, what psychologists call social learning — the drawing of inferences from the views of others — was found to be as powerful as lived experience, and more influential than information given by a doctor. This is a problem, says Cosette Saunders, a psychologist at the University of Sydney and lead author of the study. Social learning may not be able to spread infection or cause new disease, but it can drive harmful side-effects. And managing these side-effects costs health systems around the world billions of dollars. Take cancer treatment. In recent years, new drugs have emerged to control the side-effects experienced by people receiving chemotherapy. But Dr Saunders says that vomiting and nausea have not come down in cancer patients by as much as expected. Social learning may be responsible. “They’ll say, their mother-in-law had chemo twenty years ago and she was vomiting every single day,” Dr Saunders says. “Those kinds of long-held beliefs are influencing them now, even though the medical landscape has changed.” Though the impact of the placebo effect has been recognised for centuries, work on the nocebo effect is much newer. Only in the past two decades have many scientists been convinced of its real-world impact, helped by studies that demonstrate how a negative attitude can lead to physical symptoms such as increased heart rate and physiological arousal. The conclusions of the Australian analysis are clear about the power of social learning. But, says Dr Saunders, it is hard to know how much of these effects are down to social-media use as opposed to, say, chatting with friends at the pub. Dr Saunders’ lab is one of many now trying to find ways to minimise the damage. One possibility is to balance warnings of nasty side-effects with positive proof from patients who had no problems. If she finds something that works, she’ll pass it on. 1.What can we learn about social learning from the passage? A. It causes the health systems to fail. B. It affects patients less than doctors’ advice. C. It is as impactful as people’s lived experience. D. It occurs when misinformation spreads on social media. 2.Cancer treatment is mentioned in Para. 4 to show ______. A. vomiting and nausea are common negative outcomes B. the nocebo effect can lead to harmful results C. new drugs are ineffective in controlling the side effects D. the medical industry has undergone great changes 3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. The impact of the nocebo effect is long-established. B. The nocebo effect is more powerful than the placebo effect. C. Labs have found ways to ease the damage of social learning. D. Social learning may affect people negatively via informal interactions. 4.What’s the passage mainly about? A. The key contributor to the nocebo effect. B. The function of doctors’ advice in healthcare. C. The clue to the nocebo effect in medical research. D. The role of social media in spreading misinformation. 主题语境04 人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中）The Octopus Organization, inspired by the remarkably adaptive, curious, and intelligent sea dweller. That animal, whose arms can think and act independently yet work in perfect concert, offers a model for building companies that can thrive in complexity and embrace continuous change. Octopus Orgs tap the intelligence of their people, integrating a range of efforts naturally and gracefully. They sense subtle signals, learning and shifting course at speed to navigate uncertainty. A complex world is like the ocean, the home of the octopus — where a small shift in the current can create unpredictable effects miles away. The shifts and unpredictability make it difficult to navigate; you can only sense, respond, and learn from the flow. This is the world the Octopus Org is designed for, an environment where success comes not from rigid control but from distributed intelligence, continuous learning, and adaptation. To get a sense of what this looks like in a business setting, think of how most companies structure strategy meetings. The very design of the typical meeting room — dominated by a large screen for presentations, often with no whiteboard in sight — signals that it is a space for the consumption of information, not the creation of ideas. Speakers adhere to a set agenda, deliver carefully prepared slides, and stick to their assigned time. Questions are reserved for the end and are often perfunctory (草率的, 敷衍的) or performative. The information flow is tightly controlled and consistently structured. In the Octopus Org, by comparison, meetings have clearly defined outcomes but not always a fixed agenda. Leaders encourage people to surface ideas rapidly and ask provocative questions. You’ll often find a diverse group from across the company — frontline workers and executives, new and old voices — gathered around a whiteboard contributors build on and challenge one another’s arguments. Conversation flows, tangents are explored, and unexpected connections emerge. And look at how Tin Man Orgs, where a company’s strategy can be optimized through analysis, specialization, and control, with no inherent uncertainty, treat innovation as a department, creating innovation labs that are physically and culturally isolated. Teams develop ideas in isolation and then hand them off to “the business” for implementation. Octopus Orgs, in contrast, understand that innovation is a distributed capability, the daily, obsessive work of meeting customer needs in ever better ways. They create mechanisms for invention everywhere, entrusting small, decentralized teams with end-to-end ownership of customer problems. This ensures the people closest to the customer are the ones who experiment, learn, and build what’s coming next. Ultimately, all of these Octopus Org behaviors orbit around a single, nonnegotiable question: “Does this create more value for our customers?” The obsessive focus drives employee engagement, which in turn fuels the innovation and resilience needed to thrive. The rewards are cultural, profound, and measurable. 1.The description of the octopus’s arms serves to illustrate ________. A. the distributed yet unified intelligence B. sensing subtle signals amid uncertainty C. the evolution in complex, unpredictable settings D. continuous learning and adaptation to change 2.A retail company wants to become more “Octopus-like”. Which of these changes would be most in line with that goal? A. Stick to clearly defined goal and set time. B. Focus on slides and controlled flow. C. Create a specialized lab for innovation. D. Use whiteboards for diverse collaboration. 3.How does Octopus Orgs differ from Tin Man Orgs in innovation? A. By relying on analysis and control. B. By treating innovation as a department. C. By seeing innovation as everyone’s job. D. By focusing on customer value first. 4.What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Why traditional meeting structures prevent innovation. B. How to succeed in unpredictable business conditions. C. A model for building companies in a complex world. D. A focus on building distributed innovation capabilities Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海格致中学·期中）How to Develop Strong Research Questions Designing a good research question is not a moment of sudden inspiration — it is a progressive, reflective process. It involves moving from broad curiosity to sharply defined inquiry, balancing creativity with discipline. The best questions are not only clear and feasible but also capable of generating genuine insight. The process Most successful researchers move through several stages of development, whether they are aware of it or not. Phase    Focus 1. _____ Let ideas flow freely; talk or write to yourself, note patterns, and question assumptions. 2. _____ Read widely and deeply across related fields; identify where ideas converge or diverge. 3. _____ Cut out unnecessary details, clarify what exactly needs to be addressed, and why. 4. Final formulation Define a question that is precise, testable, and meaningful to both specialists and non-experts. Common traps to avoid Even experienced researchers can fall into predictable traps. Four of the most common include: Trap 1: The “hypothesis (假设) requirement.” Not every good study begins with a hypothesis. Descriptive or exploratory questions can reveal new directions. Trap 2: Overcommitment to an idea. If your initial idea doesn’t quite work, return to an earlier phase rather than forcing it to fit. Trap 3: “Someone already did this.” Don’t despair; progress often builds on others’ work. Focus on how your approach differs. Trap 4: The “hammer and nail” effect. Advanced specialization can narrow perspective — avoid applying the same method to every problem. Developing good research questions requires both breadth and reflectiveness. Breadth allows you to see patterns across disciplines; reflectiveness lets you recognize when your question needs reshaping. As one scientist put it, “A research question isn’t found — it’s crafted.” Whether through long walks, late-night reflections, or conversations with other scientists, the goal is to get a question that is at once ambitious, answerable, and truly worth asking. 1.According to the section “The process”, which order correctly shows the first three phases of developing a research question? A. 1. Identifying the essence→2. Building connections→3. Self-critical brainstorming B. 1. Identifying the essence→2. Self-critical brainstorming→3. Building connections C. 1. Self-critical brainstorming→2. Identifying the essence→3. Building connections D. 1. Self-critical brainstorming→2. Building connections→3. Identifying the essence 2.What general lesson can be drawn from the four “traps to avoid”? A. Good research relies on clear hypotheses. B. Repeating studied topics adds little value. C. Researchers should stay flexible and open to revision. D. Most problems can be solved by a well-explored method. 3.Why does the writer quote the sentence “A research question isn’t found — it’s crafted”? A. To suggest that creating questions is mainly an artistic act. B. To stress that good questions result from thoughtful effort. C. To show that research questions sometimes appear by chance. D. To argue that research should focus more on discovery than design. 主题语境05 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海敬业中学·期中）For many years, virtual reality (VR) technology has been explored as a tool for pain management. By engaging patients in computer-generated worlds, doctors have found ways to draw attention away from discomfort during medical procedures. In most of these earlier experiments, however, VR was a one-user experience. A patient wore a headset, entered a calming environment, and interacted with no one but the program itself. Researchers at Cornell University’s Virtual Embodiment Lab recently set out to discover whether adding another person to the virtual world could make a difference. Their study examined social virtual reality (SVR) — a form of VR that allows multiple users to meet and communicate through avatars (化身) — to see how social presence might influence people’s ability to tolerate physical pain. “People have studied social interaction for pain relief, and they have studied VR for pain relief,” explained Isabelle McLeod Daphnis, the lab’s manager. “What we did was integrate these two lines of research, which makes our work quite distinctive.” The experiment was simple but carefully controlled. Each participant placed one hand on a device that slowly heated up. When the heat became unbearable, the participant withdrew the hand. The temperature at that moment (never higher than 50°C) and the participant’s self-rated of pain on a ten-point scale were recorded. Seventy volunteers took part under four different conditions arranged in random order: ·interacting in VR with a familiar companion; ·interacting in VR with a stranger (a trained lab assistant); ·speaking with a companion through a video call; and ·being alone in VR. Participants generally reported a strong preference for interacting with either companions or strangers in VR over the other two study conditions, although some participants reported being able to tolerate more pain without the distraction of another individual. Some also said that the more present and involved in the VR they felt, the less pain they could tolerate. “That’s kind of the opposite of what previous studies have found,” McLeod Daphnis said. “We were pretty confused by this, because usually if you’re more present, you’re more distracted and therefore you’re not going to feel as much pain. But one possible explanation is that maybe if you’re more present and engaged with the VR companion, you’re holding your hand down longer.” 1.The Cornell study was motivated by ________. A. earlier success with group therapy in VR B. rising popularity of VR treatment in hospitals C. a long-term goal to remove pain through VR D. a focus on individual VR use in past pain studies 2.What do “these two lines of research” (paragraph 3) refer to? A. Physical pain and online contact. B. Virtual reality and social interaction. C. Pain relief and real-life communication. D. Communication and medical technology. 3.What can be inferred from the findings of the Cornell study? A. Staying with others in VR may help people handle pain better. B. Pain is lower in VR when people are with someone they know. C. Participants reported almost the same level of pain relief in VR. D. Distraction from another person in VR does more harm than good. 4.What confused the Cornell group? A. Pain tolerance varied from person to person. B. Higher presence in VR did not always reduce pain. C. Participants felt more distracted with others present. D. Some people lost track of time during the experiment. Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海南洋中学·期中）Become an Atlantis Jr. Aquarist and spend 3 days working with marine life! Food prepping to feeding the animals to snorkeling (浮潜) and learning about coral reefs, it’s a week of marine adventure! Marine Adventure Camp June 24--28; Monday--Friday July 8--12; Monday--Friday July 29--August 2; Monday--Friday August 12--16; Monday--Friday 5 days/4 nights Ages: 10 to 14 Price: $595 (not inclusive of room cost) Camp Hours Monday:        5:45 p. m. to 7:30 p. m. Tuesday:        8:00 a. m. to 3:00 p. m. Wednesday:       9:00 a. m. to 5:30 p. m. Thursday:       9:00 a. m. to 4:00 p. m. Friday:               Check out (or you may extend your stay on your own). *Please note: Programming subject to change based on weather conditions. Package Components Dress Code 1. Amenity(便利设施）Package —Camp Name Badge —Mask and Snorkel —Messenger Bag —Cap —Towel —Marine Life Guide —Water Bottle 2. Welcome Dinner 3. Lunch for 3 days (venue to be determined) 4. Behind the Scenes with our Sea Keeper Team 5. Behind the Scenes with our Marine Mammal Team 6. Fish food preparation and hand feeding 7. Ruins Snorkel 8. Stingray Snorkel 9. Blue Adventure Snorkel Trip 10. Shark Walk with Stuart Cove T-Shirts Shorts Swimsuits Water Shoes (Since most water shoes are uncomfortable for the amount of walking they do, especially when wet, you are not allowed to change into water shoes when you prepare to swim.) Sun Block Important Notes All attendees must be able to swim without assistance. All attendees must speak fluent English. Camp name badge must be worn daily. Attendees must be at least 10 years of age. 1.You can get to know all the information about the Marine Adventure Camp EXCEPT _________. A. camp hours B. camp price C. things to bring D. daily schedules 2.The Marine Adventure camp is suitable for _________. A. Tom, who has just graduated from high school B. Jerry, who has saved up 600 dollars for summer holiday C. Mary, a local 6 grader who likes swimming D. Edward, who has been offered a position in an aquarium 3.Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A. Attendees don’t wear water shoes when they go swimming. B. All attendees must check out on the last day of the camp. C. The programs are fixed and no minor changes will be made. D. Attendees will have a 5-day experience working with marine life in the camp. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海闵行区七宝中学·期中）Readers on social media are showing the beauty of reading in new ways through creative annotations (注解), called marginalia. These annotations can be detailed, sometimes covering whole pages and matching the book’s colors. The rise of this kind of note-taking has led to debate: is marginalia a bad habit or a helpful activity? Marginalia have a long history. Leonardo da Vinci once wrote notes about gravity in the margins of his notebooks long before Galileo published his famous work on the topic. Later, writers like Samuel Beckett and Edgar Allan Poe also filled their books with notes, which delighted and challenged their biographers (传记作者). Just last year Ann Patchett, a popular modern writer, told Literary Hub about the joys of reading her own books and annotating patterns she never before noticed. She created a unique edition of Tom Lake for dedicated readers, in which she included her own annotations on her own writing style. The Patchett-celebration worked: The special edition was sold at an auction (拍卖会) in 2020 to support independent bookstores, and it inspired the writer to add her own notes to her favorite book, Bel Canto. Alongside this evolution of margin additions, scientists have been researching the effects of writing, both on paper and on screen. For instance, a study of electrical activity in the brain published in Frontiers in Psychology found that handwriting itself helps a person remember and understand more about what they’ve read and written. Maryanne Wolf, director of the Center for Dyslexia, Diverse Learners and Social Justice at the University of California, Los Angeles, discussed the importance of annotating in 2022. In classic former-English-major fashion, she drew on Marcel Proust in explaining that deep reading allows us to “go beyond the wisdom of the author to discover our own.” In that sense, marginalia can help the annotator understand the material deeply enough to further develop their own interpretation of the text, she said. In the Journal of Language Learning and Teaching, foreign language professor Demet Yayli of Pamukkale University in Turkey explained that in writing workshops, especially for fiction writing, deep reading — which includes annotations — is critical in helping students express their ideas and learn independently. As writer and editor Caitlin Welsh pointed out in an article covering the recent trend, the kids like annotating. Annotation styles online seem to differ widely from the annotations expected in academia. As long as annotating serves the reader a purpose, any style is fine, experts say. Highlighting every piece of dialogue from your favorite character may seem unreasonable to an outsider, but that might help someone understand why they like that character or how the writer developed the character’s story. 1.According to the passage, what do Leonardo da Vinci, Samuel Beckett, and Edgar Allan Poe have in common? A. They were all mentioned in other writers’ books. B. They were all studied closely by later biographers. C. They all filled their own works with their reflections. D. They all touched on scientific discoveries in their works. 2.What did Patchett add to her Tom Lake? A. Comments about the writing style of Bel Canto. B. New characters to make the story more detailed. C. Personal notes explaining how she crafted the book. D. A guide to help dedicated readers understand the plot. 3.What can be inferred from the research findings mentioned in paragraph 4? A. A distinct area of the brain is involved in handwriting. B. Annotation is not the only way to develop critical thinking. C. Readers rely on annotation to speed up their reading process. D. Reading and writing are closely connected in the process of learning. 4.What does the writer imply about online annotation? A. It follows the same rules used in academic notes. B. It helps readers connect with books in personal ways. C. It stops kids from building their own ideas while reading. D. It is mainly used to show off rather than to understand a book. 主题语境06 人与自然-宇宙探索 （25-26高三上·上海卢湾高级中学·期中）Scientists have discovered what they believe to be a massive underground reservoir of ancient water ice buried beneath the equator of Mars. Layers of frozen water, some more than two miles thick, are thought to lie within the 3,100-mile long Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF), one of Mars’s most geologically intriguing features. Studies of the area first hinted at the presence of mysterious underground deposits in 2007 but their composition was unclear. Now, more than 15 years later, data gathered by the European Space Agency’s Mars Express orbiter appears to confirm that it is frozen water — the largest deposit yet found at the Martian equator. “We’ve explored the MFF again using newer data from Mars Express’s Marsis [Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding instrument, and we found the deposits to be even thicker than we thought,” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian Institution’s Center. “Excitingly, the radar signals match what we expect to see from layered ice and are similar to signals we see from Mars’s polar caps, which we know to be very ice-rich.” Were it liquid, the water would be enough to cover all of Mars in an ocean some 9ft deep. The finding is significant to research into how and why, over billions of years, the planet changed from a once warm, lush waterworld into a frigid desert. Understanding the history of water on Mars will also help to guide studies into the possibility of whether microbial life existed in the once abundant lakes and oceans. It was unclear, until now, whether the vast deposits detected below the surface of the MFF — a once volcanically active region may simply have been ash and dust. However, the new observations by Marsis found the density was too low for that to be the case. “Given how deep it is, if the MFF was simply a giant pile of dust we’d expect it to become compacted under its own weight. This would create something far denser than what we actually see with Marsis,” Andrea Cicchetti, of Italy’s National Institute for Astrophysics, said. The latest finding has implications for the future exploration of Mars. Human missions will be reliant on having water sources in situ both for life support and, once the molecules’ hydrogen and oxygen atoms are separated, for manufacturing rocket fuel. Putting MFF’s water to use is not likely in the short term, however. “Unfortunately these MFF deposits are covered by hundreds of meters of dust, making them inaccessible for at least the next few decades,” Wilson said. 1.What did the 2007 studies find according to the passage? A. Two-mile-thick frozen water was supposed to exist within Mars’s polar caps. B. Scientists recognized Medusae Fossae Formation as one of Mars’s most mysterious features. C. A massive underground reservoir of ancient water ice buried beneath the equator of Mars. D. There were unclear underground deposits at the Martian equator. 2.What can we learn from Thomas Watters’ comment in Paragraph Three? A. Radar signals from Mars Express’s Marsis are strong enough to see through the deposits. B. The deposits below the surface of the MFF were thicker than those from Mars’s polar caps. C. The radar signals from the MFF and those from Mars’s polar caps looked alike. D. Layered ice is common to detect in Mars’s polar cap. 3.What does Paragraph Five mainly talk about? A. the advanced instruments applied in research. B. the future plan about the Mars exploration. C. the further implication about the research. D. another assumption about the huge deposits under the MFF. 4.What’s the best title of the passage? A. The future exploration of Mars is undermined with resource deprivation. B. Abundant water exists beneath the equator of Mars. C. Human missions on Mars should be delayed at present. D. How to make water available on Mars? 主题语境07 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高三上·上海进华中学·期中）Do the colors that surround you influence how you feel? Can the colors on your walls and on your clothes affect your moods? Some researchers believe the answer is a decisive yes, while others aren’t so sure. Yet many marketers, interior designers, medical professionals and others swear by an informal field of science known as color psychology. Color psychology is defined as “the study of how the colors we perceive impact our thoughts and feelings.” Marketers use the science of color to persuade us to buy things. When choosing paint, furniture and wall art, interior designers act on the theory that colors can arouse certain feelings in us. Dentists are often advised to use light blue paint on their office walls to help calm apprehensive patients. We should keep in mind, though, that only by considering cultural preferences are we able to fully understand the science of color. For instance, in the West, white is for brides and black is for funerals. But in ancient Asia, white was sometimes worn for funerals. In Japan yellow represents courage while in the United States, it represents happiness. Additionally, many variables including gender, age, background and more must be considered before making color assumptions when one is studying the effects of color. After taking color variable into account it’s safe to consider some mainstream theories about specific colors and their meanings. Here are just a few: Red symbolizes love, energy, passion and danger. Red is also believed to increase one’s hunger, which might be the reason why McDonald’s and Coca-Cola chose red as their major branding color. Brown, a color from nature, best represents things that are honest, trustworthy and dependable. It seems a perfect fit as the branding color for the package delivery company UPS. Blue-in addition to representing peace and calm-also means integrity and competence. It’s no surprise that PayPal and American Express both use blue as their branding color. Green-another color from nature-represents health, growth and freshness and is the perfect branding color for Starbucks. Pink symbolizes love, romance, innocence and femininity (女性特质). The popular doll company that makes Barbie uses pink as its major branding color. If color psychology advocates are correct, then our emotions and decisions are truly influenced by the colors around us. With this knowledge, we can effectively harness (驾驭) color power to create positive school, work and home environments. 1.What does the phrase “swear by” in the second paragraph probably mean? A. deeply investigate B. somewhat doubt C. deeply believe D. still wish 2.What is the writer’s purpose of taking white and black as an example in the passage? A. To remind we should take culture into account when learning the science of color. B. To state that cultural preferences are decisive factors in color psychology. C. To show different cultures have different preferences for different colors. D. To prove white and black represent complete different things in different countries. 3.We can conclude from the passage that ________. A. color psychology may help us make correct decisions in life B. color psychology is an uncultivated field in modern science C. color psychology has been recognized throughout the world D. color psychology is influencing our emotions and decisions 4.What would be the proper title for the passage? A. The potential effects of color on our lives. B. The positives and negatives of color psychology. C. The foundation and function of color psychology. D. The relationship between color and man Section 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·上海卢湾高级中学·期中）There are still many things that Peter Cooke would like to try his hand at--paper-making and feather-work are on his list. For the moment though, he will stick to the skill that he has been delighted to perfect over the past ten years: making delicate and unusual objects out of shells. “Tell me if I am boring you,” he says, as he leads me round his apartment showing me his work. There is a fine line between being a bore and being an enthusiast, but Cooke need not worry: he fits into the latter category, helped both by his charm and by the beauty of the things he makes. He points to a pair of shell-covered ornaments (装饰品) above a fireplace. “I shan’t be at all bothered if people don’t buy them because I have got so used to them, and to me they’re adorable. I never meant to sell my work commercially. Some friends came to see me about five years ago and said, ‘You must have an exhibition--people ought to see these. We’ll talk to a man who owns an art gallery’”. The result was an exhibition in London, at which 70 per cent of the objects were sold. His second exhibition opened at the gallery yesterday. Considering the enormous prices that the pieces command—around $2,000 for the ornament—an empty space above the fireplace would seem a small sacrifice for Cooke to make. There are 86 pieces in the exhibition, with prices starting at £225 for a shell--flower in a crystal vase. Cooke insists that he has nothing to do with the prices and is cheerily open about their level: he claims there is nobody else in the world who produces work like his, and, as the gallery-owner told him, “Well, you’re going to stop one day and everybody will want your pieces because there won’t be any more.” Cooke has created his own method and uses materials as and when he finds them. He uses the cardboard sent back with laundered shirts for his flower bases, a nameless glue bought from a sail-maker (‘If it runs out, I don’t know what I will do!’) and washing-up liquid to wash the shells. “I have an idea of what I want to do and it just does itself,” he says of his working method, yet the attention to detail, colour gradations and symmetry (对称) he achieves look far from accidental. 1.What can be learned about Peter Cooke from the first paragraph? A. He has produced objects with different materials. B. He was praised for his shell objects many years ago. C. He hopes to work with other materials in the future. D. He has written about his love for shell objects. 2.When looking round his apartment, the writer ________. A. is attracted by Cooke’s personality B. realizes he finds Cooke’s work boring C. feels uncertain about giving Cooke his opinion D. senses that Cooke wants his products to be admired 3.The “small sacrifice” in paragraph 3 refers to________. A. the loss of Cooke’s ornaments B. the display of Cooke’s ornaments C. the cost of keeping Cooke’s ornaments D. the space required to store Cooke’s ornaments 4.When talking about the artist’s working method, the writer implies that Cooke ________. A. is unaware of the unique quality his work has B. accepts that he sometimes makes mistakes C. undervalues the materials that he uses D. underrates his creative contribution 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·上海南洋模范中学·期中）They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology. To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation. The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the iGeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbed the “iGeneration”. “The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it’s also a mindset, and the mindset goes with the little ‘I’, which I’m talking to stand for ‘individualized’,” Rosen says. “Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me’. My music choices are defined to ‘me’. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to ‘me’.” He says the iGeneration includes today’s teens and middle-schoolers, but it’s too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger. Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. “If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.” They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.” Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected — even in class, where cellphones are supposedly banned. Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.” Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly. “The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential (指数的), and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says. “We have to give them options because they want their world individualized.” 1.Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kids ________. A. communicate with others by high-tech methods continually B. prefer to live a virtual life than a real one C. are equipped with more modem digital techniques D. know more on technology than their elders 2.Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen? A. This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things. B. Everything must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation. C. This generation catches up with the development of technology. D. High-tech such as wireless devices goes with the generation. 3.Rosen’s findings suggest that technology ________. A. has an obvious effect on the function of iGeneration’s brain development B. has greatly affected the iGeneration’s behaviors and academic performance C. has no significantly negative effect on iGeneration’s mental and intellectual development D. has caused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance. 4.According to the passage, education has to _________. A. adapt its system to the need of the new generation B. use more technologies to cater for the iGeneration C. risk its system to certain extent for the iGeneration D. be conducted online for iGeneration’s individualized need Passage 2 （25-26高三上·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中）A Framework for Choosing Where and How to Use Gen AI To determine how best to deploy gen AI in your organization, you must first identify the tasks being performed and evaluate them on two factors: What are the consequences if gen AI makes a mistake? What type of knowledge is needed? Once you locate each task within the matrix, you can use the appropriate level of gen AI support. As the framework illustrates, some tasks are best handled by AI alone, others through human-AI collaboration, and some still require purely human judgment, The key is understanding which tasks remain distinctly human. Tacit knowledge Refers to experiential intuitive. and often context-specific insights-such as composing a marketing campaign, interpreting subtle cues. In a negotiation, or making complex strategic trade-offs. Tacit Knowledge is built through lived experience and is difficult to codify making tasks that require it harder for current gen AI models to handle. TYPE OF KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED ·Explicit data Can be clearly articulated. documented, and stored-whether. It Is structured (numerical sales data, inventory databases. operational logs, and the like) or unstructured (written policy documents, customer reviews, and open-ended survey responses, for example). Creative catalyst AI creates options, and human selects. Creating advertisements Outlining sales scripts Developing products Human-first Human leads and does the heavy lifting. AI assists with minor tasks. Setting strategy Integrating enterprise- level systems Making disciplinary decisions. No regrets AI does it all (no human in the loop). Addressing bulk customer inquiries Summarizing documents Screening résumés Quality control AI produces the work, and human verifies it. Drafting high-value contracts Writing production software code Conducting due diligence of records COST OF ERROS Low Errors would result in small inefficiencies or missteps-such as a minor error. In a draft or a missed nuance in a customer response. HIGH Errors could lead to reputational damage legal liability or even physical harm-Incorrect financial fillings, for example, or flawed medical recommendations. 1.The primary purpose of the text is to ________. A. advocate the widespread adoption of Gen AI B. compare the performance of humans and Gen AI C. propose a structured guideline about Gen AI usage D. explain the differences between tacit and explicit data 2.Which of the following tasks is most suitable for the “Human-first” mode? A. Handling large volumes of customer requests B. Checking machine-generated legal agreements C. Setting long-term organizational goals D. Creating initial ad campaign concepts 3.A bank uses Gen AI to generate a risk assessment report from sales data for a loan application. According to the framework, which Gen AI mode is most suitable? A. Creative catalyst B. Human-first C. No Regrets D. Quality Control Passage 3 （25-26高三上·上海敬业中学·期中）Have you ever met someone who looks almost exactly like you? Scientists call such people doppelgängers, or “twin strangers.” Research suggests that the most convincing lookalikes share similar genetic traits (遗传特征), even though they are not biologically related. In fact, the chances are higher than you might think that someone out there looks remarkably like you. A geneticist in Spain, Manel Esteller, decided to study this mystery. He examined the genetic similarities among the lookalikes featured in Canadian photographer Francois Brunelle’s long-running project I’m Not a Look-Alike!; which has photographed unrelated but similar-looking people since 1999. Brunelle helped Esteller contact dozens of pairs of “twin strangers” from around the world. The volunteers sent genetic samples by mail, and Esteller’s team spent four years collecting and comparing the data before publishing their findings. Using advanced facial algorithms (算法) — the same type used by police and airports — Esteller’s research team selected the pairs that were almost as identical as real twins. When they compared their genomes (基因组), they discovered that these unrelated people$函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.B2.D3.C 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.D2.C3.C4.B 主题语境03人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.C3.B Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.C Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.B3.C Passage 4 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.C 主题语境04人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D 主题语境05人与自然-自然生态 1/4 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.B3.D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.C3.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.C3.D4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B 主题语境02人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.B3.D4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.A Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.B 主题语境03人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A 214 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境04人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.B 主题语境05人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.A Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.C3.D4.B 主题语境06人与自然-宇宙探索 【答案】1.D2.C3.D4B 主题语境07人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.A 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4D 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.A 3/4 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.C3.D Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.B 主题语境03人与自我-做人与做事 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.B3.A 414