专题05 阅读理解（六选四）（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解（六选四） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海育才中学·期中）How Can I Fight Laziness? Lazy people will never amount to anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind. 1 . Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day. Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 2 . Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations (诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. 3 . Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film. Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 4 . Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits. A. To fight family laziness, set an example. B. Knowing how to fight laziness is important. C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep. D. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal. E. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life. F. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海闵行中学·期中）Rhythm of Life Choosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions the best hour to eat — and even go into hospital — could be your key to perfect health. Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time. But it’s not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. 1 Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights. 2 Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle. Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into “days” lasting about 25 hours. In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 pm. high of 37. 2C to a pre-dawn low of 36. 1C, mental functions fall too. 3 The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts. 4 Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warning light and fail to close an open valve. Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works. A. The rhythm of life is a slight best. B. Experts say every aspect of human bodies is influenced by daily rhythms. C. Jenny Hope claims to have tested her body clocks to the limit. D. This is a key reason why shift work can cause so many problems. E. Many people study the state of their bio-rhythms before making their daily plan. F. Such a dangerous combination never gave their bodies’ natural rhythms a chance to settle down. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海崇明中学·期中）Sydney’s Plan to Be the New Year’s Eve Capital of the World Dean Jacobowski stands atop the Sydney Opera House as the first glimmer of the day’s summer sun bounces from the famous white sails. It’s early in the morning, three days before New Year’s Eve. The harbor is Jacobowski’s canvas (画布). 1 “It’s the most recognized structure in the world, so just playing a small role in that is amazing,” Jacobowski tells reporters down below. “There are one billion people that tune in to watch the fireworks, so yeah ... no pressure to get the fireworks right,” he laughs. After midnight hits, Jacobowski’s crew will outfit the Sydney Opera House with 36,000 shooting effects, 13,000 airborne shells, and over 75,000 pyrotechnic effects that will explode across the bay. Sydney’s local government, which calls its city the “New Year’s Eve Capital of the World” has also set 7,000 firework cues on the Sydney Harbour Bridge, wanting it to“dance with color”. While the official New Year’s Eve extravagant (盛会) focuses on the Harbour Bridge and Opera House, Sydney’s big night is felt across the city, lighting up individual streets, homes and businesses with the atmosphere of the evening. 2 3 When it opened in 1973, architect Jorn Utzon gave Australia a symbol to proudly display on postage stamps — or launch fireworks from. The House, as it’s lovingly known, has over its half-decade helped to evolve Australian culture. The modern nation of Australia may be young, but it is home to the oldest culture on earth. 4 “We are calling to our old people for strength in this moment and to also celebrate their achievements and the knowledge they have passed down. I hope to create a memorable event for everyone to take part in. This platform allows us to share our truth, our stories, our voice with the world,” the show’s Creative Director said. The world will be watching. A. He plans to paint it with fireworks. B. Across the water, the Sydney Opera House turned 50 in 2023. C. It is something the Sydneysiders are immensely proud of. D. Australia is one of the first places in the world to ring in the new year. E. Indigenous (本土的，土著的) Australians have inhabited the continent for over 60,000 years. F. We’re such a young country and to have such an iconic place is very special. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·上海民办文绮中学·期中）Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed, for many of the poorest regions of the world, it remains the next big thing — finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better. 1 Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U.S., where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. 2 Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban, which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013 — pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families. Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. 3 In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. 4 In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Hollywood songs with words in Gujarat on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant improvement in their reading skills. Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide. A. The spread of TV brings not only entertainment but also social change. B. The number of households with TVs continues to grow rapidly. C. Some people argue that TV does more harm than good to children. D. This growth is not limited to any one region. E. For example, it can help improve literacy among adults. F. In some countries, TV is still considered a luxury item. Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）Friendship Between Marx and Engels The friendship between Marx and Engels began in 1844. They had met previously, in 1842, in the office of the Rheinische Zeitung (《莱茵报》) , then the leading Democratic Republican journal in Germany, of which Marx was the editor. 1 Engels, the son of a leading cotton manufacturer and importer in Rhenish Prussia, had just finished his year in the army as lieutenant (陆军中尉) of the Guard-Artillery (炮兵警卫队). His upbringing in a Lutheran and commercial home atmosphere had been very different from that of Marx, who had been raised in an atmosphere of eighteenth-century French culture. In 1844, Marx made his way to Paris, and collaborated with a friend in producing a new review-magazine, The German French Year Book. When he read the article, “Outlines of Political Economy,” from young Frederick Engels away in Manchester, Marx proclaimed it a work of genius and wrote at once, enthusiastically, begging Engels, whenever he had occasion to return to Germany, to make his way there via Paris. Engels was only too delighted to comply. 2 For ten days they compared views and found that each had independently reached the same revolutionary conclusion: that the bourgeois (资产阶级) social order was, historically, a transitory phenomenon — an order doomed to give place, sooner or later, to the rule of the proletariat and a system of Communism. The fact that each had reached this conclusion by a different route — Engels by the study of the classic English political economy and of the English Labour Movement, Marx by the study of the great French Revolution and its outcome — made them only the more complementary to each other. The friendship sealed in these ten enthusiastic days — “ten days that shook the world” in a very real sense — lasted unbroken for the remainder of their lives. They fought side by side in the conduct of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (《新莱茵报》), the most radical journal of the German Revolution of 1848 — 1849, and were separated only for a time. When Marx, driven from France, took refuge in London, Engels joined him and busied himself in finding openings for Marx to make a living by journalism; while he himself, to provide the “sinews of war,” made his peace with his father and resumed his place in the parental factory in Manchester. 3 How close their relationship was and how very much Engels’s stimulus and encouragement counted in promoting the development of Marx and his life-work can best be seen from the Marx-Engels Correspondence. They each wrote almost daily, and on every aspect of the theory for which they were jointly responsible. The range of subjects covered by them is as amazing as their range of languages. 4 Both were big men physically, but whereas Marx was broad and swarthy (肤色黝黑), Engels was tall and blonde. Marx was the more of a wit, Engels the more of a humorist; but both were men of intense feeling, both had a hatred of fuss (小题大做) and parade, and both were men of a radical profundity in the study of every subject they undertook. A. Marx and Engels began their friendship shortly afterwards. B. This time, both found that their original negative impression of each other was completely changed. C. Engels made his peace with his father because he wanted to support their cause. D. Thereafter for the rest of their lives they never lost contact. E. Neither was, at this first meeting, much drawn to the other. F. Physically and temperamentally they were very different, and at the same time much alike. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）What’s your preferred playback speed:1x,1. 5x or 2x? Glen Powell, a Hollywood heartthrob, likes 1x listening speed: “I want to hear people talk at a normal human rate.” Bowen Yang, an American comedian, prefers his narration fast and loose — “You can round up to 2x”— though he reckons 1.8x is the perfect “Goldilocks”（恰到好处的）pace. Both men appeared in an advert by Audible, an audiobook platform, earlier this year, which featured various celebrities talking about the speed at which they listen to their chosen titles. It provoked fierce debate online for implying that those who make haste are weird, even psychopathic. One TikTok user said, “ 1 ” Some claimed to feel “shamed” by the advert and threatened to cancel their subscriptions. The online debate points to the changing way in which audiences, particularly young ones, engage with digital media. Polling by The Economist and YouGov found that 31% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 listen to audio at playback speeds faster than 1x, compared with 8% of people aged 45 and over. 2 Both Apple and Spotify offer users the option to dash through podcasts. Many newspapers offer audio versions of their articles at a variety of tempos. Netflix has a button to switch up videos’ speed in its web pages and apps. YouTube has a similar feature and recently rolled out a 4x option for its premium subscribers, apparently by popular demand. The time-saving benefits can be enormous: YouTube claims that its viewers collectively save more than 900 years per day thanks to its fast-playback feature. If you had a ten-hour journey, you could listen to “Persuasion” in eight hours and 13 minutes at 1x speed. But, if you clicked 1.5x, you’d hear all about Anne Elliot’s exploits in five and a half hours, leaving space for “Animal Farm” and “The Little Prince”, with time to spare （they would take 120 and 80 minutes at 1.5x, respectively）. A chattier pace does not seem to affect listeners’ ability to concentrate. 3 So says Marcus Pearce, a cognitive scientist at Queen Mary University of London. A recent meta-analysis led by academics at the University of Waterloo in Canada looked at the test scores of students who had watched lectures back at varying speeds. They found that up to 1.5x, there was not much of a difference in performance, although scores started to decrease noticeably as playback speeds approached or exceeded 2x. For audio and video platforms, there is no downside to offering different playback options: the more books or episodes a subscriber gets through, the better the advertising and sales revenues. But for listeners, the experience differs greatly between 1x and 2x. “There’s an art of pacing, tone and suspension” to reading aloud, says Kimberly Wetherell, an audiobook narrator. “ 4 Rhetoric often relies on rhythm and pauses for emphasis and meaning: few actors race through the soliloquies in “Hamlet”, for instance. Yet for many, to speed or not to speed is no longer a question. A. This generational divide is transforming audiences from passive recipients into active controllers of content. B. If you speed that up too much, you’re losing that part of the performance. C. This inherent mental capacity is what people consistently credit for the intensely focused, almost meditative state they achieve when binge-listening to sped-up content. D. You’re missing the entire point if you think the only right speed is 1x. E. This trend is clearly shaping, and being shaped by, the features offered by modern media platforms. F. The average person speaks at a rate of about 150 words per minute, but most brains are capable of processing information faster than that. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海同济第一附中·期中） 1 They are church weddings with a great deal of music, weddings on mountaintops with guests who are without shoes and so on. But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs. Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live faraway. 2 The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding ceremony enters the church while the wedding march is played. The bride carrying a bouquet enters last with her father who will give her away. The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar (圣坛), the bride and groom exchange vows. It is traditional to use the words: “To have and to hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part.” 3 Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom. After the ceremony there is often a party, called a “reception”, which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlyweds. The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream. The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window. 4 When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars honking and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon. A. There are so many kinds of weddings in the United States. B. Following the promises, the couple exchange rings. C. All the Americans hold their weddings in the church. D. The bride and groom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. E. American people always play tricks on the “just married” couples. F. When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·上海控江中学·期中）How good are you at saying “no”? For many, it’s surprisingly difficult. 1 Consider these scenes: It’s late in the day. That front-page package you’ve been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it’s finished. Then enters the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: “No! It’s done!” What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is “don’t say no.” 2 The second rule is “don’t raise the risks by challenging his authority.” That issue is already decided. The third rule is “to be ready to cite options and consequences.” The boss’s suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. He might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell him he can have what he wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what he’s trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you’ve done so far. Here’s another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. 3 If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This case is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter (过滤) story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your natural reaction and strong rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a “What if…?” agreement covering “What if my idea is turned down?” How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it? 4 A. This one should be easy, but it’s not. B. Successful negotiators always look at the situation from the other side’s perspective. C. He probably has something in mind when he makes suggestions, and it’s up to you to find out what. D. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. E. Be kind and give him positive feedback before your refusal and be specific about what you do like or appreciate about him. F. By anticipating “What if…?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding and it will help ease you out of conflicts. Passage 5 （25-26高二上·上海黄浦区大同中学·期中）In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. 1 In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. 2 They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. 3 And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes. Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. 4 That kind of strategy must come from the top. A. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? B. Teams that regularly take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. C. More haste, less speed proves wrong in the study. D. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. E. They valued efficiency rather than consideration. F. They encouraged new ways of thinking. Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）The Symbiotic (共生的) City: Rethinking Future Urban Living The unprecedented scale and speed of 21st-century urbanization have placed immense pressure on global ecosystems and social structures, worsening issues such as resource shortage, environmental pollution, and systemic inequality. In response, the city of the future cannot be satisfied with small upgrades or superficial technological fixes. It must undergo a fundamental redefinition of its form and function. 1 This concept, termed the Symbiotic City, represents a shift beyond conventional sustainability ways of thinking, envisioning an urban environment where human and natural systems are not merely balanced, but actively enhance one another through continuous interaction and mutual adaptation. Central to this vision is a systematic restructuring of urban infrastructure, changing it from a resource-intensive burden into a force that renews. Buildings, for instance, should be reimagined not as static (静止的) energy sinks but as dynamic connections between man-made and natural environments. 2 Water systems, too, must change from simple “use and throw away” models to circular water systems. This includes the integrated management of rainwater collection, recycled water for non-drinking uses, and getting nutrients back from wastewater to support city farming-effectively closing resource loops at the neighborhood and city scale. Yet technological and infrastructural innovation alone is insufficient. This material transformation must be accompanied by a parallel shift in socio-economic models and governance structures. The digital layer of the “smart city,” often criticized for reinforcing corporate control or government monitoring, could instead be used to foster openness, civic participation, and shared resource governance. 3 Such open access to real-time data on how a city uses resources would let communities work together to manage spread-out energy systems, improve shared transport networks, and check on local environmental health-strengthening social capital while reducing ecological footprints. Nevertheless, the transition toward symbiotic urbanism faces profound obstacles. The scale of investment required is monumental, and existing institutional frameworks often lack the interdisciplinary coordination and long-term vision needed to implement such integrated planning. 4 Truly strong and regenerative cities will emerge not only from new technologies or policies, but from a deeper evolution in collective values — a shift from seeking dominion over nature to recognizing that we are part of biospheric systems and must shoulder the responsibility toward future generations. A. For example, building surfaces could grow water plants to capture carbon and produce food. B. Real-time data from sensors would then empower citizens to manage resources. C. It must become an ecological system, achieving symbiosis with nature. D. However, achieving this requires a profound shift in our values and mindset. E. For instance, self-driving cars could make private vehicle ownership unnecessary. F. Therefore, the primary goal should be maximizing the efficiency of existing urban facilities. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海静安区市西中学·期中）A Chicken Cutlet (肉排), with a Side of Stand-up China has no shortage of internet celebrities. But the latest viral star is not a pop idol or a make-up influencer. He is a 48-year-old fried-chicken vendor from Jingdezhen. In less than a week, Li Junyong has attracted more than 300,000 followers on Douyin after videos of his talk-show-style salesmanship spread online. The food itself is unremarkable. His performance is not. Between flipping cutlets, he entertains customers with wisecracks. “The chicken is free,” he declares, “but the plastic bag costs six yuan.” Or: “You can refuse me, but never refuse my chicken.” 1 Part of Mr Li’s appeal is consistency. Rain or shine, he appears at his stall, often until late at night. Students, office workers and pensioners alike line up, many returning daily. 2 He greets customers as “old friends,” recalls their orders precisely, and even offers schoolchildren a one-yuan discount after 4.30 p.m. “My dream is to ensure every customer has a pleasant experience,” he explains. Success, however, is tiring. Mr Li now sleeps no more than three or four hours a night. 3 His sudden popularity has also drawn attention from livestreamers and rival vendors eager to bask in the glow of his fame. He remains unfazed (未受干扰): “Their presence is a way of showing support — for me, for Jingdezhen, and for Jiangxi.” Local officials have also spotted an opportunity. On September 29th the city’s culture bureau named him “Cultural and Tourism Ambassador.” It is a title usually reserved for opera singers or sports stars, but in Mr Li’s case it signals a broader trend. 4 Mr Li’s rise also hints at deeper undercurrents in Chinese consumer culture. Social media users, weary of fake influencers and contrived marketing campaigns, are drawn to his unpolished authenticity. A. He admits he is exhausted but insists he is happy: “I can’t let those waiting in line down.” B. Delivered in the rhythm of a seasoned entertainer, his lines have won him the nickname “the chicken cutlet curator”. C. Such calmness, and his refusal to argue about who benefits, only adds to his appeal. D. Cities across China increasingly make use of internet celebrities as living advertisements, hoping to turn their fleeting fame into sustainable tourism. E. Some say his chicken is good, but his warmth is better. F. His success has inspired many young people to start their own businesses. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海吴淞中学·期中）The Best Graduation Speech Ever Given I was humbled and honored to be asked by the president of this outstanding university to speak to you today. Who am I? I am Gavin Presgrave, and for the past 39 years, I have written graduation speeches for hundreds of celebrities and nervous valedictorians (告别演说者). 1 And, at the risk of bragging (吹嘘), I was the first graduation-speech writer to compare life to a book. If I’m know for anything, it’s for starting speeches by saying, “I promise to keep things short, as I’m sure you are all impatient to go forward to the wonderful lives I hope you will live.” I’m as proud of that. But perhaps my most famous work came during a commencement speech at Penn State in the spring of 1977. During that speech, given by someone whose name I forget, I first used the phrase “As I look out into this sea of eager faces …” And that “sea of faces” thing was a real game-changer in the world of graduation-speech writing. 2 In 1997, I won a Herman (our version of Oscar) for Best Use of a Children’s Author Quote. That same year, I was nominated for Best Opening Joke, which went like, “Oh, no! We’re all wearing the same gown! How embarrassing!” It was a crowd-pleaser. So what have I learned during my career? 3 I’m not sure, but I’m nevertheless reminded of the day my mother died. Moments before her passing, she told me life was a book and even the saddest of chapters shall come to an end. If you can read the sad chapters rapidly and the happy chapters slowly, then your life will be a worthwhile one. Most of you have no idea what lies ahead or what course your lives will take — two other ways of saying future. I know this. 4 We may not need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows, but it can’t hurt to carry an umbrella. As I once said, “Tomorrow is a gift wrapped in time. Now is the time to open it.” You are all about to open new chapters of your own books. Shall we turn that page together? A. What should a good graduation speech be like? B. Yes, I’m proud and humbled to say that I’ve won several awards for my graduation speeches. C. But my life path has not always been smooth. D. What important lesson can I pass along? E. For decades, I have come up with new ways to say future. F. The journey you’re about to start will be filled with twists and turns. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题05阅读理解（六选四） 基础必练 Passage 1 【答案】1.C 2.E 3.F 4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.E 2.B 3.D 4.F Passage 3 【答案】1.A 2.C3.B 4.E Passage 4 【答案】1.B 2.D 3.A 4.E 进阶提升 Passage 1 【答案】1.E 2.B 3.D4.F Passage 2 【答案】1.D 2.E3.F 4.B Passage 3 【答案】1.A 2.F 3.B 4.D Passage 4 【答案】1.D 2.C 3.A4.F Passage 5 【答案】1.D 2.A 3.F 4.B 拓展培优 Passage 1 112 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.B 2.E 3.A 4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.E 2.B3.D 4.F 212 专题05 阅读理解（六选四） Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海育才中学·期中）How Can I Fight Laziness? Lazy people will never amount to anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind. 1 . Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day. Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 2 . Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations (诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. 3 . Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film. Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 4 . Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits. A. To fight family laziness, set an example. B. Knowing how to fight laziness is important. C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep. D. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal. E. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life. F. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child. 【答案】1. C 2. E 3. F 4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了如何克服懒惰。首先点明懒惰会让人一事无成，但通过思维转变可以战胜它，随后从“保证充足睡眠、变被动为主动、远离诱惑并建立奖励机制、为家人树立榜样、定期锻炼”五个方面给出具体方法. (1)题解析： 下文“Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.(很多人长期睡眠不足，因为他们熬夜太晚，又早起准备工作。这些人一旦到家就没什么动力。懒惰与缺乏动力和拖延倾向密切相关。通过调整作息，多获得几个小时的有效休息，你就能一整天都对抗懒惰。)”围绕“睡眠不足导致懒惰”及“调整作息克服懒惰”展开；结合下文“Another way...”“Some people fight laziness by...”等分点结构，空处需要一句点明“保证睡眠是克服懒惰的一种方法”的总起句。选项C“克服懒惰的一种方法是保证充足的睡眠。”直接点明该段核心主题，下文的“睡眠不足的危害”“调整作息的建议”都是对该方法的具体阐述，逻辑连贯。故选C。 (2)题解析： 上文“Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone.(另一种克服懒惰的方法是将思维从被动转变为主动。有些人对待生活就像被推着完成一个又一个任务。另一些人则采取更积极主动的态度，将每项任务视为必须独自克服的挑战。)”对比了“被动”与“主动”两种生活态度；空处需要一句承接“被动态度”，说明其与“懒惰”关联的句子。选项E“当你不再觉得自己能掌控自己的生活时，懒惰就会滋生。”解释了“被动态度”（无法掌控生活）会导致懒惰，与上文“被动对待任务”形成逻辑呼应，同时突出了“主动掌控生活”对克服懒惰的重要性，契合段落主题。故选E。 (3)题解析： 上文“Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations（诱惑）that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness.(有些人通过摆脱周围的诱惑来克服懒惰。客厅里的电视可能能提供娱乐，但看太多电视往往会导致懒惰)”提出“摆脱诱惑”的方法；下文“Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.(完成几项任务后，用你喜欢的东西奖励自己，比如一顿丰盛的晚餐或一部电影。)”则介绍了“奖励自己”的具体做法。空处需要一句衔接“摆脱诱惑”与“自我奖励”，且点明“建立奖励机制”的句子。选项F“就像父母对孩子那样，为自己建立一个奖励机制。”直接点明“自我奖励”的核心，下文的“完成任务后奖励自己”是该机制的具体体现，既补充了“克服诱惑”的辅助方法，又让建议更具操作性，符合逻辑。故选F。 (4)题解析： 上文“Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately.(懒惰在家里也可能是一个长期存在的问题。夫妻和孩子的精力水平可能各不相同，但如果不立即处理，懒惰可能会蔓延。)”指出“家庭中的懒惰问题”及危害；下文“Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task.(饭后主动第一个收拾碗筷。家里的其他人最终可能会以你为榜样，完成自己的任务。)”给出了“主动做事、树立榜样”的具体做法。空处需要一句点明“家庭中克服懒惰需树立榜样”的总起句。选项A“要克服家庭中的懒惰，就要树立榜样。”直接点明该段主题，下文的“主动收拾碗筷”“他人跟随榜样”都是对该方法的具体说明，逻辑连贯且贴合“家庭场景”。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海闵行中学·期中）Rhythm of Life Choosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions the best hour to eat — and even go into hospital — could be your key to perfect health. Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time. But it’s not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. 1 Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights. 2 Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle. Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into “days” lasting about 25 hours. In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 pm. high of 37. 2C to a pre-dawn low of 36. 1C, mental functions fall too. 3 The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts. 4 Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warning light and fail to close an open valve. Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works. A. The rhythm of life is a slight best. B. Experts say every aspect of human bodies is influenced by daily rhythms. C. Jenny Hope claims to have tested her body clocks to the limit. D. This is a key reason why shift work can cause so many problems. E. Many people study the state of their bio-rhythms before making their daily plan. F. Such a dangerous combination never gave their bodies’ natural rhythms a chance to settle down. 【答案】1. E 2. B 3. D 4. F 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了打乱生活节律的负面影响。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“But it’s not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work.(但不仅仅是专家们才开始深入了解人体的运作机制)”可知，空前说但并非只有专家才关注我们身体的工作方式，此处承接上文，讲的是我们自己也关注我们身体的工作方式，故E项“许多人在制定每日计划之前会研究自己的生物节律”符合语境。故选E。 (2)题解析： 根据后文“Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle. Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into “days” lasting about 25 hours.(睡眠、血压、激素水平以及心跳都遵循着各自独立的生物钟，而这些生物钟与我们人为设定的24小时周期可能并无太大关联。研究表明，在实验室实验中，当社会信号以及最重要的是诸如黎明这样的光线信号被去除后，人们会与24小时的生物钟失去联系，从而导致睡眠模式发生变化。体温和心跳的周期会延长，并逐渐稳定在“日周期”上，大约持续25个小时)”可知，空后说睡眠、血压、激素水平和心跳都遵循自己的节律，这是对空处的举例说明，故B项“专家表示，人体的每一个方面都受到日常节律的影响”符合语境。故选B。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 pm. high of① 37. 2C to a pre-dawn low of② 36. 1C, mental functions fall too.(在现实世界中，光线和黑暗会促使人体内部的生物钟与24小时的昼夜周期相适应。但衡量身体机能的最佳指标是体温。体温会从晚上10点时的37.2摄氏度的峰值降至清晨时的36.1摄氏度的低点，与此同时，人的思维能力也会随之下降)”可知，空前说当体温从晚上10点的最高值37.2降至黎明前的最低值36.1时，人的心理机能也随之下降，再结合下文介绍的操作员轮流上白班和夜班的例子可知，此处讲的是这种变化对轮班工作的影响，故D项“这是轮班工作会导致诸多问题的关键原因”符合语境。故选D。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts.(最著名的例子就是美国三里岛发生的核事故。控制室里的三名操作员每周轮流进行白天、晚上和夜间的工作班次)”以及后文“Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warning light and fail to close an open valve.(调查人员认为，这种轮班制度导致操作人员忽视了一个警示灯，并且未能关闭一个打开的阀门)”可知，空前说控制室的三个操作员轮流上几周的白班、晚班和夜班，空后又说调查人员认为，这导致工人忽视了暖灯，未能关闭打开的阀门，因此此处说的是这种倒班工作制对身体节律的影响，故F项“这种危险的组合从未给人体的自然节律留出调整的机会”符合语境。故选F。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海崇明中学·期中）Sydney’s Plan to Be the New Year’s Eve Capital of the World Dean Jacobowski stands atop the Sydney Opera House as the first glimmer of the day’s summer sun bounces from the famous white sails. It’s early in the morning, three days before New Year’s Eve. The harbor is Jacobowski’s canvas (画布). 1 “It’s the most recognized structure in the world, so just playing a small role in that is amazing,” Jacobowski tells reporters down below. “There are one billion people that tune in to watch the fireworks, so yeah ... no pressure to get the fireworks right,” he laughs. After midnight hits, Jacobowski’s crew will outfit the Sydney Opera House with 36,000 shooting effects, 13,000 airborne shells, and over 75,000 pyrotechnic effects that will explode across the bay. Sydney’s local government, which calls its city the “New Year’s Eve Capital of the World” has also set 7,000 firework cues on the Sydney Harbour Bridge, wanting it to“dance with color”. While the official New Year’s Eve extravagant (盛会) focuses on the Harbour Bridge and Opera House, Sydney’s big night is felt across the city, lighting up individual streets, homes and businesses with the atmosphere of the evening. 2 3 When it opened in 1973, architect Jorn Utzon gave Australia a symbol to proudly display on postage stamps — or launch fireworks from. The House, as it’s lovingly known, has over its half-decade helped to evolve Australian culture. The modern nation of Australia may be young, but it is home to the oldest culture on earth. 4 “We are calling to our old people for strength in this moment and to also celebrate their achievements and the knowledge they have passed down. I hope to create a memorable event for everyone to take part in. This platform allows us to share our truth, our stories, our voice with the world,” the show’s Creative Director said. The world will be watching. A. He plans to paint it with fireworks. B. Across the water, the Sydney Opera House turned 50 in 2023. C. It is something the Sydneysiders are immensely proud of. D. Australia is one of the first places in the world to ring in the new year. E. Indigenous (本土的，土著的) Australians have inhabited the continent for over 60,000 years. F. We’re such a young country and to have such an iconic place is very special. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了悉尼计划打造“世界跨年夜之都”的相关举措：以悉尼歌剧院和海港大桥为核心的盛大烟花表演、歌剧院的历史意义，以及活动对澳大利亚本土文化的彰显，吸引全球观众关注。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“The harbor is Jacobowski’s canvas (画布) (海港是雅各布夫斯基的画布。)”可知，此处需延续“画布”的比喻，说明他将如何“创作”。结合下文“After midnight hits, Jacobowski’s crew will outfit the Sydney Opera House with 36,000 shooting effects, 13,000 airborne shells, and over 75,000 pyrotechnic effects that will explode across the bay (午夜钟声敲响后，雅各布斯基的团队将为悉尼歌剧院配备36000个射流效果、13000枚空中礼花弹以及超过75000种烟花特效，这些将在海湾上空绽放)”可知，他计划用烟花为海港“作画”。A 项“He plans to paint it with fireworks. (他计划用烟花为它上色。)”与上下文逻辑一致，故选A项。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“While the official New Year’s Eve extravagant (盛会) focuses on the Harbour Bridge and Opera House, Sydney’s big night is felt across the city, lighting up individual streets, homes and businesses with the atmosphere of the evening. (虽然官方跨年夜盛会以海港大桥和歌剧院为核心，但整个悉尼都能感受到这个盛大的夜晚，街道、住宅和商铺都被节日氛围点亮)”可知，整个悉尼都能感受到这个盛大的夜晚，街道、住宅和商铺都被节日氛围点亮，可推理出此处需总结悉尼人对这一盛会的情感态度。C项“It is something the Sydneysiders are immensely proud of. (这是悉尼人深感自豪的事情。)”符合语境，It指代前文的跨年夜盛会，体现悉尼人对本土盛会的自豪感，衔接自然，故选C项。 (3)题解析： 根据下文“When it opened in 1973, architect Jorn Utzon gave Australia a symbol to proudly display on postage stamps — or launch fireworks from. The House, as it’s lovingly known, has over its half- decade helped to evolve Australian culture (1973年落成时，建筑师约恩·乌松为澳大利亚打造了一个象征——它既被骄傲地印在邮票上，也成了烟花绽放的舞台。这座被人们亲切称为“贝壳屋”的建筑，在其半个多世纪的岁月中，已然成为推动澳大利亚文化演进的重要力量)”可知，歌剧院已建成50年左右，下文围绕悉尼歌剧院的落成时间、历史意义展开，因此空格处需引出歌剧院的相关话题。B项“Across the water, the Sydney Opera House turned 50 in 2023. (隔水相望的悉尼歌剧院在 2023 年迎来了50周年华诞)”既点明了歌剧院的身份，又提及50周年的时间背景，为下文介绍其历史意义铺垫，故选B项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“The modern nation of Australia may be young, but it is home to the oldest culture on earth. (现代澳大利亚或许是一个年轻的国家，但它是地球上最古老文化的发源地)”可知，此处需具体说明这一“最古老文化”的相关信息。E项“Indigenous (本土的，土著的) Australians have inhabited the continent for over 60,000 years. (澳大利亚土著居民已在这片大陆上居住了6万多年。)”承接上文，用具体的居住时间印证“最古老文化”的说法，且与下文 Creative Director 所说的“calling to our old people (向我们的先辈致敬)”相呼应，故选E项。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·上海民办文绮中学·期中）Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed, for many of the poorest regions of the world, it remains the next big thing — finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better. 1 Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U.S., where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. 2 Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban, which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013 — pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families. Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. 3 In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. 4 In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Hollywood songs with words in Gujarat on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant improvement in their reading skills. Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide. A. The spread of TV brings not only entertainment but also social change. B. The number of households with TVs continues to grow rapidly. C. Some people argue that TV does more harm than good to children. D. This growth is not limited to any one region. E. For example, it can help improve literacy among adults. F. In some countries, TV is still considered a luxury item. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. E 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，短文介绍了电视仍是全球最具影响力的媒介，尤其在发展中国家迅速普及，且正通过推动社会变革和助力成人教育等方面，对数十亿人的生活产生积极影响。 (1)题解析： 根据下文“Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%.(在发展中国家，1995年约45%的家庭拥有电视；到2005年，这一比例已攀升至60%以上)”可知，空格处需总领本段核心内容——拥有电视的家庭数量持续增长。B选项“The number of households with TVs continues to grow rapidly.(拥有电视的家庭数量持续快速增长)”直接点明主题，“grows rapidly”与下文1995年到2005年的比例攀升数据形成呼应，起到引出具体数据的作用。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“That is some way behind the U.S., where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet.(这与美国还有一定差距——美国的电视数量比人口还多，且人们现在能轻松上网)”及下文“Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban, which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013 — pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.(未来五年，撒哈拉以南非洲地区将有500多万家庭拥有电视。2005年，在宣布电视为非法的塔利班倒台后，每5个阿富汗人中就有1人拥有电视。到2013年，全球总数将再增加1.5亿，使这一数字远远超过三分之二的家庭)”可知，空格处需转折说明电视的增长并非局限于某一地区，而是全球范围内的趋势。D选项“This growth is not limited to any one region.(这种增长并非局限于某一个地区)”中“this growth”指代上文提到的“家庭电视数量增长”，“not limited to any one region”引出下文撒哈拉以南非洲、阿富汗等不同地区的增长数据，逻辑连贯。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women.(电视最强大的影响将体现在女性的生活中)”及下文“In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl (在印度，研究人员罗伯特・詹森和埃米莉・奥斯特发现，当电视进入村庄后，女性更有可能在未经丈夫同意的情况下前往市场，而且更不倾向于重男轻女)”可知，空格处需承接“电视对女性的影响”，并点明这种影响是社会层面的变革。A选项“The spread of TV brings not only entertainment but also social change.(电视的普及不仅带来了娱乐，还带来了社会变革)”既呼应了前文“电视改变生活”的核心观点，又通过“social change”引出下文女性在自主权、生育观念等方面的具体变化，起到承上启下的作用。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“TV is also a powerful medium for adult education.(电视也是成人教育的强大媒介)”及下文“In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Hollywood songs with words in Gujarat on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant improvement in their reading skills.(在印度古吉拉特邦，《奇特拉吉特》是一档热门节目，它会播放好莱坞歌曲，并在屏幕上配上古吉拉特语字幕。在六个月内，观众的阅读能力有了微小但显著的提升)”可知，空格处需举例说明电视在成人教育中的具体作用。E选项“For example, it can help improve literacy among adults.(例如，它可以帮助提高成人的识字率)”中“for example”明确表示举例，“improve literacy among adults”与下文“improvement in their reading skills”直接对应，精准支撑了“电视助力成人教育”的观点。故选E项。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海曹杨第二中学·期中）Friendship Between Marx and Engels The friendship between Marx and Engels began in 1844. They had met previously, in 1842, in the office of the Rheinische Zeitung (《莱茵报》) , then the leading Democratic Republican journal in Germany, of which Marx was the editor. 1 Engels, the son of a leading cotton manufacturer and importer in Rhenish Prussia, had just finished his year in the army as lieutenant (陆军中尉) of the Guard-Artillery (炮兵警卫队). His upbringing in a Lutheran and commercial home atmosphere had been very different from that of Marx, who had been raised in an atmosphere of eighteenth-century French culture. In 1844, Marx made his way to Paris, and collaborated with a friend in producing a new review-magazine, The German French Year Book. When he read the article, “Outlines of Political Economy,” from young Frederick Engels away in Manchester, Marx proclaimed it a work of genius and wrote at once, enthusiastically, begging Engels, whenever he had occasion to return to Germany, to make his way there via Paris. Engels was only too delighted to comply. 2 For ten days they compared views and found that each had independently reached the same revolutionary conclusion: that the bourgeois (资产阶级) social order was, historically, a transitory phenomenon — an order doomed to give place, sooner or later, to the rule of the proletariat and a system of Communism. The fact that each had reached this conclusion by a different route — Engels by the study of the classic English political economy and of the English Labour Movement, Marx by the study of the great French Revolution and its outcome — made them only the more complementary to each other. The friendship sealed in these ten enthusiastic days — “ten days that shook the world” in a very real sense — lasted unbroken for the remainder of their lives. They fought side by side in the conduct of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (《新莱茵报》), the most radical journal of the German Revolution of 1848 — 1849, and were separated only for a time. When Marx, driven from France, took refuge in London, Engels joined him and busied himself in finding openings for Marx to make a living by journalism; while he himself, to provide the “sinews of war,” made his peace with his father and resumed his place in the parental factory in Manchester. 3 How close their relationship was and how very much Engels’s stimulus and encouragement counted in promoting the development of Marx and his life-work can best be seen from the Marx-Engels Correspondence. They each wrote almost daily, and on every aspect of the theory for which they were jointly responsible. The range of subjects covered by them is as amazing as their range of languages. 4 Both were big men physically, but whereas Marx was broad and swarthy (肤色黝黑), Engels was tall and blonde. Marx was the more of a wit, Engels the more of a humorist; but both were men of intense feeling, both had a hatred of fuss (小题大做) and parade, and both were men of a radical profundity in the study of every subject they undertook. A. Marx and Engels began their friendship shortly afterwards. B. This time, both found that their original negative impression of each other was completely changed. C. Engels made his peace with his father because he wanted to support their cause. D. Thereafter for the rest of their lives they never lost contact. E. Neither was, at this first meeting, much drawn to the other. F. Physically and temperamentally they were very different, and at the same time much alike. 【答案】1. E 2. B 3. D 4. F 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了马克思与恩格斯友谊的起源、发展历程，以及两人在多方面的互补与深厚情谊。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“The friendship between Marx and Engels began in 1844. They had met previously, in 1842, in the office of the Rheinische Zeitung (《莱茵报》) , then the leading Democratic Republican journal in Germany, of which Marx was the editor.(马克思和恩格斯的友谊始于1844年。他们此前曾于1842年在《莱茵报》的办公室见过面，该报当时是德国主要的民主共和派期刊，马克思担任其主编)”以及下文“His upbringing in a Lutheran and commercial home atmosphere had been very different from that of Marx, who had been raised in an atmosphere of eighteenth-century French culture.(他（恩格斯）在路德教和商业家庭环境中长大，这与马克思在18世纪法国文化环境中长大的情况大不相同)”可知，上文提及两人1842年的初次会面，下文强调成长环境差异，此处需衔接初次会面的感受。E选项“在这次初次会面中，两人都没有对对方产生太多好感。”中的this first meeting对应上文1842年的会面，neither was much drawn to the other呼应下文成长环境差异带来的初始隔阂，符合语境。故选E项。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“Engels was only too delighted to comply.(恩格斯欣然应允)”以及下文“For ten days they compared views and found that each had independently reached the same revolutionary conclusion: that the bourgeois (资产阶级) social order was, historically, a transitory phenomenon — an order doomed to give place, sooner or later, to the rule of the proletariat and a system of Communism. (在十天的时间里，他们交流观点，发现两人各自独立地得出了相同的革命结论：从历史上看，资产阶级的社会秩序是一种暂时的现象——这种秩序迟早注定要让位于无产阶级的统治和共产主义制度)”可知，上文讲恩格斯同意前往巴黎见马克思，下文讲两人会面后的深度交流与共识，此处需体现会面前后态度的转变。B选项“这一次，两人都发现自己对对方原本的负面印象彻底改变了。”中的This time指代1844年的巴黎会面，completely changed为下文的深度交流和友谊建立做铺垫，符合语境。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“When Marx, driven from France, took refuge in London, Engels joined him and busied himself in finding openings for Marx to make a living by journalism; while he himself, to provide the “sinews of war,” made his peace with his father and resumed his place in the parental factory in Manchester.(当马克思被迫离开法国前往伦敦避难时，恩格斯前去投奔，并忙着为马克思寻找以新闻写作谋生的机会；而他自己为了提供“活动经费”，与父亲和解，回到了曼彻斯特的家族工厂任职)”以及下文“How close their relationship was and how very much Engels’s stimulus and encouragement counted in promoting the development of Marx and his life-work can best be seen from the Marx-Engels Correspondence. They each wrote almost daily, and on every aspect of the theory for which they were jointly responsible. (马克思和恩格斯的关系有多密切，恩格斯的激励和鼓励对马克思的发展及其一生的工作起到了多大的推动作用，这一点从《马克思恩格斯书信》中可以看得很清楚。他们几乎每天都通信，内容涉及他们共同负责的理论的各个方面)”可知，上文讲述两人的相互扶持，下文强调两人通过书信保持紧密联系，此处需衔接出两人此后始终保持联系的状态。D选项“从那以后，在他们的余生中，两人从未失去联系。”中的Thereafter承接上文马克思流亡伦敦后的经历，never lost contact引出下文两人几乎每日通信的内容，符合语境。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 根据下文“Both were big men physically, but whereas Marx was broad and swarthy, Engels was tall and blonde. Marx was the more of a wit, Engels the more of a humorist; but both were men of intense feeling, both had a hatred of fuss (小题大做) and parade, and both were men of a radical profundity in the study of every subject they undertook.(两人身材都高大，但马克思身材魁梧、肤色黝黑，恩格斯则高挑金发。马克思更善于言辞风趣，恩格斯则更具幽默感；但两人都情感真挚，两人都讨厌小题大做和炫耀，在他们所从事的每一门学科的研究中，两人都是极其深刻的人。)”可知，下文从外貌和性格两方面对比了两人的异同，此处需作为该段主旨句总领全段。F选项“他们在外形和性格上既有很大差异，同时又有诸多相似之处)”中的Physically and temperamentally对应下文的外貌描写和性格对比，符合语境。故选F项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海复旦大学附属中学·期中）What’s your preferred playback speed:1x,1. 5x or 2x? Glen Powell, a Hollywood heartthrob, likes 1x listening speed: “I want to hear people talk at a normal human rate.” Bowen Yang, an American comedian, prefers his narration fast and loose — “You can round up to 2x”— though he reckons 1.8x is the perfect “Goldilocks”（恰到好处的）pace. Both men appeared in an advert by Audible, an audiobook platform, earlier this year, which featured various celebrities talking about the speed at which they listen to their chosen titles. It provoked fierce debate online for implying that those who make haste are weird, even psychopathic. One TikTok user said, “ 1 ” Some claimed to feel “shamed” by the advert and threatened to cancel their subscriptions. The online debate points to the changing way in which audiences, particularly young ones, engage with digital media. Polling by The Economist and YouGov found that 31% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 listen to audio at playback speeds faster than 1x, compared with 8% of people aged 45 and over. 2 Both Apple and Spotify offer users the option to dash through podcasts. Many newspapers offer audio versions of their articles at a variety of tempos. Netflix has a button to switch up videos’ speed in its web pages and apps. YouTube has a similar feature and recently rolled out a 4x option for its premium subscribers, apparently by popular demand. The time-saving benefits can be enormous: YouTube claims that its viewers collectively save more than 900 years per day thanks to its fast-playback feature. If you had a ten-hour journey, you could listen to “Persuasion” in eight hours and 13 minutes at 1x speed. But, if you clicked 1.5x, you’d hear all about Anne Elliot’s exploits in five and a half hours, leaving space for “Animal Farm” and “The Little Prince”, with time to spare （they would take 120 and 80 minutes at 1.5x, respectively）. A chattier pace does not seem to affect listeners’ ability to concentrate. 3 So says Marcus Pearce, a cognitive scientist at Queen Mary University of London. A recent meta-analysis led by academics at the University of Waterloo in Canada looked at the test scores of students who had watched lectures back at varying speeds. They found that up to 1.5x, there was not much of a difference in performance, although scores started to decrease noticeably as playback speeds approached or exceeded 2x. For audio and video platforms, there is no downside to offering different playback options: the more books or episodes a subscriber gets through, the better the advertising and sales revenues. But for listeners, the experience differs greatly between 1x and 2x. “There’s an art of pacing, tone and suspension” to reading aloud, says Kimberly Wetherell, an audiobook narrator. “ 4 Rhetoric often relies on rhythm and pauses for emphasis and meaning: few actors race through the soliloquies in “Hamlet”, for instance. Yet for many, to speed or not to speed is no longer a question. A. This generational divide is transforming audiences from passive recipients into active controllers of content. B. If you speed that up too much, you’re losing that part of the performance. C. This inherent mental capacity is what people consistently credit for the intensely focused, almost meditative state they achieve when binge-listening to sped-up content. D. You’re missing the entire point if you think the only right speed is 1x. E. This trend is clearly shaping, and being shaped by, the features offered by modern media platforms. F. The average person speaks at a rate of about 150 words per minute, but most brains are capable of processing information faster than that. 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. F 4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕数字媒体的播放速度展开，通过名人对播放速度的不同偏好、Audible广告引发的争议，引出年轻人更倾向于高速播放的趋势，随后分析了这一趋势的平台支持、时间节省优势、对注意力的影响，最后探讨了高速播放对内容体验的潜在影响，呈现了“是否高速播放”的争议与现状。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“It provoked fierce debate online for implying that those who make haste are weird, even psychopathic. (这则广告暗示那些追求速度的人很奇怪，甚至有精神病态，这在网上引发了激烈争论。)”可知，广告将高速播放者定义为“怪异”，引发网友不满，此空应是网友反驳广告观点的言论。D选项“You’re missing the entire point if you think the only right speed is 1x. (如果你认为唯一正确的速度是1倍速，那你就完全没抓住重点。)”直接回应广告的片面观点，表达了对“1倍速才是唯一正确选择”的否定，符合网友因广告感到被羞辱、引发争议的语境。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“Polling by The Economist and YouGov found that 31% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 listen to audio at playback speeds faster than 1x, compared with 8% of people aged 45 and over. (《经济学人》和舆观调查公司的民调显示，31%的18-29岁美国人听音频时的播放速度超过1倍速，而45岁及以上人群中这一比例仅为8%。)”可知，前文揭示了不同年龄段在播放速度选择上的代沟，空后“Both Apple and Spotify offer users the option to dash through podcasts. Many newspapers offer audio versions of their articles at a variety of tempos. Netflix has a button to switch up videos’ speed in its web pages and apps. YouTube has a similar feature (Apple和Spotify均为用户提供了快速播放播客的选项。许多报纸也为其文章的音频版本设置了多种播放语速。Netflix在其网页和应用程序中设有视频加速按钮，YouTube也具备类似功能)”介绍了媒体平台对高速播放的支持。E选项“This trend is clearly shaping, and being shaped by, the features offered by modern media platforms. (这一趋势显然正在塑造现代媒体平台的功能，同时也被这些功能所塑造。)”中的“This trend”指代前文“年轻人偏好高速播放”的现象，且衔接后文平台功能的支持，说明趋势与平台功能的相互影响，符合逻辑。故选E项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“A chattier pace does not seem to affect listeners’ ability to concentrate. (更快的语速似乎并不影响听众的注意力集中能力。)”可知，前文提出“高速播放不影响注意力”的观点，此空应解释背后的原因。F选项“The average person speaks at a rate of about 150 words per minute, but most brains are capable of processing information faster than that. (普通人的语速约为每分钟150个单词，但大多数大脑处理信息的能力比这更快。)”从大脑处理信息的能力角度，解释了为何高速播放不会影响注意力——大脑处理速度远超正常语速，为前文观点提供了科学依据，符合语境。故选F项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文““There’s an art of pacing, tone and suspension”to reading aloud, says Kimberly Wetherell, an audiobook narrator. (有声书旁白金伯利·韦瑟雷尔说，朗读存在“节奏、语气和悬念的艺术”。)”可知，前文强调朗读的艺术感依赖于节奏、语气等，此空应承接上文，说明高速播放对这种艺术感的破坏。B选项“If you speed that up too much, you’re losing that part of the performance. (如果你把速度调得太快，你就会失去表演中的那部分精髓。)”中的“that”指代前文“pacing, tone and suspension”的艺术感，“losing that part of the performance”呼应“艺术感”的丧失，符合语境。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海同济第一附中·期中） 1 They are church weddings with a great deal of music, weddings on mountaintops with guests who are without shoes and so on. But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs. Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live faraway. 2 The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding ceremony enters the church while the wedding march is played. The bride carrying a bouquet enters last with her father who will give her away. The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar (圣坛), the bride and groom exchange vows. It is traditional to use the words: “To have and to hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part.” 3 Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom. After the ceremony there is often a party, called a “reception”, which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlyweds. The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream. The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window. 4 When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars honking and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon. A. There are so many kinds of weddings in the United States. B. Following the promises, the couple exchange rings. C. All the Americans hold their weddings in the church. D. The bride and groom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. E. American people always play tricks on the “just married” couples. F. When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment. 【答案】1. A 2. F 3. B 4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍美国婚礼形式多样，但包含传统习俗，依次讲述了订婚邀请、婚礼仪式（宣誓、交换戒指）、婚宴及新人离场等核心流程。 (1)题解析： 由下文“They are church weddings with a great deal of music, weddings on mountaintops with guests who are without shoes and so on.(它们包括有大量音乐的教堂婚礼、宾客光脚参加的山顶婚礼等等。)”可知，空格处需总述“美国婚礼种类繁多”。A项“There are so many kinds of weddings in the United States.(美国有各种各样的婚礼。)”符合语境，“so many kinds of weddings”呼应下文列举的教堂婚礼、山顶婚礼等类型，They指代上文提到的 “various weddings”，总起全文，承上启下。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 由上文“And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live faraway.(然后会向住在附近的人、亲密的朋友和远方的亲戚发送邀请。)” 和下文“The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes.(婚礼本身通常持续20到40分钟。)”可知，空格处需衔接“邀请准备完成”与“婚礼开始”。F项“When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment.(当一切准备就绪，最激动人心的时刻就到了。)”符合语境，“everything is ready”指代上文“发送邀请”等筹备工作，“the most exciting moment”对应下文“婚礼本身”，逻辑连贯。故选F项。 (3)题解析： 由上文“To have and to hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part(从今而后，执子之手，与子偕老；无论顺境逆境，富贵贫穷，健康疾病，爱汝惜汝，不离不弃，直至死亡将我们分离。)”中西方婚礼中经典的婚姻誓词和下文“Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.(将婚戒戴在左手无名指上是一项古老的习俗。)”可知，空格处需说明“交换誓言后的环节——交换戒指”。B项“Following the promises, the couple exchange rings.(在许下承诺之后，这对新人交换戒指。)”符合语境，“Following the promises”衔接上文“exchange vows”，“exchange rings”呼应下文“wedding ring”，衔接自然。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 由上文“The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream. The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window.(这对新人离开教堂时乘坐的汽车会装饰有气球、彩带和剃须膏，车尾或后窗上会涂上“新婚快乐”的字样。)”和下文“When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars honking and drawing attention to them.(当这对新人开车离开教堂时，朋友们常会开车追赶，鸣笛并吸引他人注意。)”可知，空格处需补充“新人上车前的环节”。D项“The bride and groom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests.(新郎新娘在宾客抛撒的米粒雨中跑向汽车。)”符合语境，“run to the car”衔接上文“装饰汽车”和下文“开车离开”，“shower of rice”是婚礼传统习俗，丰富了场景描述，逻辑清晰。故选D项。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·上海控江中学·期中）How good are you at saying “no”? For many, it’s surprisingly difficult. 1 Consider these scenes: It’s late in the day. That front-page package you’ve been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it’s finished. Then enters the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: “No! It’s done!” What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is “don’t say no.” 2 The second rule is “don’t raise the risks by challenging his authority.” That issue is already decided. The third rule is “to be ready to cite options and consequences.” The boss’s suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. He might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell him he can have what he wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what he’s trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you’ve done so far. Here’s another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. 3 If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This case is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter (过滤) story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your natural reaction and strong rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a “What if…?” agreement covering “What if my idea is turned down?” How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it? 4 A. This one should be easy, but it’s not. B. Successful negotiators always look at the situation from the other side’s perspective. C. He probably has something in mind when he makes suggestions, and it’s up to you to find out what. D. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. E. Be kind and give him positive feedback before your refusal and be specific about what you do like or appreciate about him. F. By anticipating “What if…?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding and it will help ease you out of conflicts. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. F 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“如何有效说‘不’”展开，通过职场案例分析拒绝的难点，并提出具体解决策略。 (1)题解析： 前文“How good are you at saying “no”? For many, it’s surprisingly difficult. (你有多擅长说“不”？对许多人来说，这是非常困难的。)”提到很多人觉得说“不”很难，后文“Consider these scenes (考虑以下场景)”引出围绕编辑的职场场景的案例，此处需要一个过渡句，解释为什么说“不”很难，并引出后面的例子，因此D项“This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. (对于编辑来说尤其如此，他们天生就热衷于参与他们所做的一切。)”符合语境，指向编辑这一群体，点明其天性难以说“不”，承前启后。故选D。 (2)题解析： 前文“The first rule of saying no to the boss is “don’t say no.” (对老板说“不”的第一条规则是“不要说不”。)”指出拒绝老板的第一条规则，后文“The second rule is “don’t raise the risks by challenging his authority.” That issue is already decided. The third rule is “to be ready to cite options and consequences.” The boss’s suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. (第二条规则是“不要通过挑战他的权威来增加风险。”这个问题已经决定了。第三条规则是“准备好列举各种选择和后果”。老板的建议可能是恰当的，但总会有后果。)”紧接着给出第二条和第三条规则及对应的理由，此处需要补充说明第一条规则的原因，因此C项“He probably has something in mind when he makes suggestions, and it’s up to you to find out what. (他提建议时可能有自己的想法，而你需要弄清楚他的意图。)”符合语境，解释了为何不要直接拒绝，承接前文，其中的He指代前文的the boss。故选C。 (3)题解析： 前文“Here’s another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. (这是另一个例子。你最不喜欢的记者提出了一个愚蠢的故事点子。)”引入最讨厌的记者提愚蠢故事点子的场景，后文“If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. (如果你说“不”，即使是礼貌地说，你也有可能阻止更多的想法，不仅是那个记者，还有那些听说你拒绝了这个想法的人。)”讨论直接拒绝可能扼杀其他记者的想法，此处需要说明拒绝的困难，因此A项“This one should be easy, but it’s not. (这看起来应该很容易，但实际上并非如此。)”符合语境，点明这种情境下拒绝也很难，承前启后。故选A。 (4)题解析： 前文“Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a “What if…?” agreement covering “What if my idea is turned down?” How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it? (其次，和你一起工作的人需要协商一个“如果……怎么办？”的协议，包括“如果我的想法被拒绝了怎么办？”人们会有什么反应？有申诉程序吗？他们能否完善创意并重新提交？)”讨论如何协商被拒之后做法的协议，此处需要一个总结句，强调提前规划这些情景的好处，因此F项“By anticipating “What if…?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding and it will help ease you out of conflicts. (通过在事情发生之前预测“如果……会怎么样？”的情况，你可以达成谅解，这将有助于缓解你的冲突。)”符合语境，总结前文预测的意义，承接前文。故选F。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·上海黄浦区大同中学·期中）In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. 1 In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. 2 They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services. In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. 3 And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes. Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. 4 That kind of strategy must come from the top. A. How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? B. Teams that regularly take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. C. More haste, less speed proves wrong in the study. D. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. E. They valued efficiency rather than consideration. F. They encouraged new ways of thinking. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. F 4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨企业经营中的战略速度与运营速度差异，论证适时放缓节奏对提升业绩的重要意义。 (1)题解析： 根据空前的“In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. (在商业领域，存在一种速度差异：这种差异指的是企业领导者口中速度对竞争战略的重要性，与公司实际运营速度之间的差距。)”可知，此空应强调该速度差异的重要性，D选项“The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. (无论行业与公司规模如何，这种差异都至关重要。)”中的the difference指代前文的speed difference，承接前文内容，符合语境。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 根据空前的“In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period. (在我们对343家企业的研究中，那些选择一味求快以抢占先机的公司，最终销售额和营业利润均低于那些在关键时刻暂停、确保方向正确的公司。此外，那些“以慢求快”的企业业绩表现持续向好，三年内销售额平均增长40%，营业利润平均增长52%。)”以及空后的“They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. (它们对“慢”和“快”的定义有着不同的理解。)”可知，此空应提出设问，引出这些高业绩企业的独特之处，A选项“How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? (它们是如何打破商业物理法则，比竞争对手耗时更久却表现更出色的呢？)”中的they指代前文的the firms that “slowed down to speed up”，衔接前后文逻辑，符合语境。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 根据空前的“In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. (在我们的研究中，那些具备战略速度、业绩表现优异的公司总会在必要时做出调整。它们更乐于接纳各类想法，也更愿意开展相关探讨。)”以及空后的“And they allowed time to look back and learn. (同时，它们会留出时间复盘总结、吸取经验。)”可知，此空应说明这些高业绩企业的具体做法，与前后句形成并列，F选项“They encouraged new ways of thinking. (它们鼓励全新的思维方式。)”中的they指代前文的higher-performing companies，承接前文内容，符合语境。故选F项。 (4)题解析： 根据空前的“Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. (战略速度本身就是一种领导力的体现。)”以及空后的“That kind of strategy must come from the top. (这种战略必须自上而下推行。)”可知，此空应强调具备战略速度的团队更容易达成目标，B选项“Teams that regularly take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. (那些经常花时间把事情做对的团队，更能成功达成商业目标。)”承接前文战略速度的话题，且引出后文战略推行的要求，符合语境。故选B项。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·上海徐汇区上海中学·期中）The Symbiotic (共生的) City: Rethinking Future Urban Living The unprecedented scale and speed of 21st-century urbanization have placed immense pressure on global ecosystems and social structures, worsening issues such as resource shortage, environmental pollution, and systemic inequality. In response, the city of the future cannot be satisfied with small upgrades or superficial technological fixes. It must undergo a fundamental redefinition of its form and function. 1 This concept, termed the Symbiotic City, represents a shift beyond conventional sustainability ways of thinking, envisioning an urban environment where human and natural systems are not merely balanced, but actively enhance one another through continuous interaction and mutual adaptation. Central to this vision is a systematic restructuring of urban infrastructure, changing it from a resource-intensive burden into a force that renews. Buildings, for instance, should be reimagined not as static (静止的) energy sinks but as dynamic connections between man-made and natural environments. 2 Water systems, too, must change from simple “use and throw away” models to circular water systems. This includes the integrated management of rainwater collection, recycled water for non-drinking uses, and getting nutrients back from wastewater to support city farming-effectively closing resource loops at the neighborhood and city scale. Yet technological and infrastructural innovation alone is insufficient. This material transformation must be accompanied by a parallel shift in socio-economic models and governance structures. The digital layer of the “smart city,” often criticized for reinforcing corporate control or government monitoring, could instead be used to foster openness, civic participation, and shared resource governance. 3 Such open access to real-time data on how a city uses resources would let communities work together to manage spread-out energy systems, improve shared transport networks, and check on local environmental health-strengthening social capital while reducing ecological footprints. Nevertheless, the transition toward symbiotic urbanism faces profound obstacles. The scale of investment required is monumental, and existing institutional frameworks often lack the interdisciplinary coordination and long-term vision needed to implement such integrated planning. 4 Truly strong and regenerative cities will emerge not only from new technologies or policies, but from a deeper evolution in collective values — a shift from seeking dominion over nature to recognizing that we are part of biospheric systems and must shoulder the responsibility toward future generations. A. For example, building surfaces could grow water plants to capture carbon and produce food. B. Real-time data from sensors would then empower citizens to manage resources. C. It must become an ecological system, achieving symbiosis with nature. D. However, achieving this requires a profound shift in our values and mindset. E. For instance, self-driving cars could make private vehicle ownership unnecessary. F. Therefore, the primary goal should be maximizing the efficiency of existing urban facilities. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍共生城市的理念、核心架构，以及向其转型所需的条件与面临的障碍。 (1)题解析： 根据上文“It must undergo a fundamental redefinition of its form and function.(它必须对其形式和功能进行根本性的重新定义)”以及下文“This concept, termed the Symbiotic City, represents a shift beyond conventional sustainability ways of thinking...(这一被称为“共生城市”的理念，代表着超越传统可持续发展思维方式的转变……)”可知，此处应衔接“城市形式功能重新定义”与“共生城市理念”，说明重新定义后的城市形态，C选项“It must become an ecological system, achieving symbiosis with nature.(它必须成为一个生态系统，与自然实现共生)”既呼应“根本性重新定义”，又引出“共生”核心，为后文“共生城市”概念铺垫，符合语境。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 根据上文“Buildings, for instance, should be reimagined not as static energy sinks but as dynamic connections between man-made and natural environments.(例如，建筑不应被想象成静止的能量消耗器，而应被视为人工环境和自然环境之间的动态连接)”可知，此处应举例说明建筑如何成为人与自然的动态连接，A选项“For example, building surfaces could grow water plants to capture carbon and produce food.(例如，建筑表面可以种植水生植物来捕捉碳并生产食物)”以建筑表面种植植物为例，契合“建筑连接人与自然”的观点，与前文for instance呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 根据上文“The digital layer of the “smart city,” often criticized for reinforcing corporate control or government monitoring, could instead be used to foster openness, civic participation, and shared resource governance.(“智慧城市”的数字层面经常被批评为加强企业控制或政府监督，但它可以用来促进开放、公民参与和共享资源治理)”以及下文“Such open access to real-time data on how a city uses resources would let communities work together...(这种对城市资源使用实时数据的开放获取，将让社区能够合作……)”可知，此处应衔接“数字层面促进资源治理”与“实时数据开放”，说明数字层面如何实现该功能，B选项“Real-time data from sensors would then empower citizens to manage resources.(来自传感器的实时数据将赋予公民管理资源的能力)”既呼应“数字层面”，又引出下文“实时数据”，衔接自然，符合语境。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 根据上文“The scale of investment required is monumental, and existing institutional frameworks often lack the interdisciplinary coordination and long-term vision needed to implement such integrated planning.(所需的投资规模是巨大的，而现有的体制框架往往缺乏执行这种综合规划所需的跨学科协调和长期远见)”以及下文“Truly strong and regenerative cities will emerge not only from new technologies or policies, but from a deeper evolution in collective values...(真正强大且具有再生能力的城市，不仅将源于新技术或新政策，更将源于集体价值观的深层演变……)”可知，此处应过渡“转型面临的障碍”与“转型需价值观演变”，D选项“However, achieving this requires a profound shift in our values and mindset.(然而，实现这一点需要我们的价值观和思维方式发生深刻转变)”中this指代“向共生城市转型”，“价值观转变”与下文“集体价值观演变”呼应，符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·上海静安区市西中学·期中）A Chicken Cutlet (肉排), with a Side of Stand-up China has no shortage of internet celebrities. But the latest viral star is not a pop idol or a make-up influencer. He is a 48-year-old fried-chicken vendor from Jingdezhen. In less than a week, Li Junyong has attracted more than 300,000 followers on Douyin after videos of his talk-show-style salesmanship spread online. The food itself is unremarkable. His performance is not. Between flipping cutlets, he entertains customers with wisecracks. “The chicken is free,” he declares, “but the plastic bag costs six yuan.” Or: “You can refuse me, but never refuse my chicken.” 1 Part of Mr Li’s appeal is consistency. Rain or shine, he appears at his stall, often until late at night. Students, office workers and pensioners alike line up, many returning daily. 2 He greets customers as “old friends,” recalls their orders precisely, and even offers schoolchildren a one-yuan discount after 4.30 p.m. “My dream is to ensure every customer has a pleasant experience,” he explains. Success, however, is tiring. Mr Li now sleeps no more than three or four hours a night. 3 His sudden popularity has also drawn attention from livestreamers and rival vendors eager to bask in the glow of his fame. He remains unfazed (未受干扰): “Their presence is a way of showing support — for me, for Jingdezhen, and for Jiangxi.” Local officials have also spotted an opportunity. On September 29th the city’s culture bureau named him “Cultural and Tourism Ambassador.” It is a title usually reserved for opera singers or sports stars, but in Mr Li’s case it signals a broader trend. 4 Mr Li’s rise also hints at deeper undercurrents in Chinese consumer culture. Social media users, weary of fake influencers and contrived marketing campaigns, are drawn to his unpolished authenticity. A. He admits he is exhausted but insists he is happy: “I can’t let those waiting in line down.” B. Delivered in the rhythm of a seasoned entertainer, his lines have won him the nickname “the chicken cutlet curator”. C. Such calmness, and his refusal to argue about who benefits, only adds to his appeal. D. Cities across China increasingly make use of internet celebrities as living advertisements, hoping to turn their fleeting fame into sustainable tourism. E. Some say his chicken is good, but his warmth is better. F. His success has inspired many young people to start their own businesses. 【答案】1. B 2. E 3. A 4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了炸鸡排摊主李俊永因独特的脱口秀式销售风格而走红网络，并成为当地文旅大使的故事。 (1)题解析： 由上文“Between flipping cutlets, he entertains customers with wisecracks. ‘The chicken is free,’ he declares, ‘but the plastic bag costs six yuan.’ Or: ‘You can refuse me, but never refuse my chicken.’ (在翻炸肉排的间隙，他用俏皮话逗乐顾客。‘鸡肉免费，’他宣称，‘但塑料袋六块钱。’或者：‘你可以拒绝我，但绝不能拒绝我的炸鸡。’) ” 可知，本空要总结他这种表演风格带来的影响或称号，B选项“Delivered in the rhythm of a seasoned entertainer, his lines have won him the nickname ‘the chicken cutlet curator’. (以资深表演者的节奏说出来，他的台词为他赢得了‘鸡排主理人’的绰号。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“his lines”指代上文的“wisecracks”和具体台词，且该选项中的“the chicken cutlet curator”这个昵称，是对他独特销售风格的总结和升华。故选B。 (2)题解析： 由上文“Students, office workers and pensioners alike line up, many returning daily. (学生、上班族和退休老人都在排队，许多人每天都来。)”以及下文“He greets customers as ‘old friends,’ recalls their orders precisely, and even offers schoolchildren a one-yuan discount after 4.30 p.m. (他把顾客称为‘老朋友’，准确记得他们的订单，甚至在下午4点半后给小学生提供一元折扣。)”可知，本空要说明顾客持续光顾的原因不仅在于食物，更在于摊主本人带来的感受，E选项“Some say his chicken is good, but his warmth is better. (有人说他的炸鸡好，但他的热情更好。) ”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“his chicken is good”承接了顾客排队购买的现象，而“his warmth is better”则引出了下文他对待顾客的温暖细节，形成了过渡。故选E。 (3)题解析： 由上文“Mr Li now sleeps no more than three or four hours a night. (李先生现在每晚睡眠不超过三四个小时。)”以及下文“His sudden popularity has also drawn attention from livestreamers and rival vendors (他突然的走红也吸引了主播和竞争对手摊主的注意)”可知，本空要解释他睡眠不足的原因并表达他的态度，A选项“He admits he is exhausted but insists he is happy: ‘I can’t let those waiting in line down.’ (他承认自己很累，但坚持表示自己很快乐：‘我不能让那些排队的人失望。’)” 能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“exhausted”与上文“tiring”和“sleeps no more than three or four hours”相呼应。故选A。 (4)题解析： 由上文“It is a title usually reserved for opera singers or sports stars, but in Mr Li’s case it signals a broader trend. (这个头衔通常是为歌剧歌手或体育明星保留的，但在李俊永的案例中，它标志着一个更广泛的趋势。)”以及下文“Mr Li’s rise also hints at deeper undercurrents in Chinese consumer culture. (李俊永的崛起也暗示着中国消费文化中更深层次的暗流。) ”可知，本空要具体说明这个“更广泛的趋势”是什么，D选项“Cities across China increasingly make use of internet celebrities as living advertisements, hoping to turn their fleeting fame into sustainable tourism. (中国各地的城市越来越多地利用网络名人作为活广告，希望将他们短暂的名气转化为可持续的旅游业。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“make use of internet celebrities as living advertisements (利用网络名人作为活广告)”具体解释了“broader trend (更广泛的趋势)”的内涵，即网络名人成为城市代言的新现象。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·上海吴淞中学·期中）The Best Graduation Speech Ever Given I was humbled and honored to be asked by the president of this outstanding university to speak to you today. Who am I? I am Gavin Presgrave, and for the past 39 years, I have written graduation speeches for hundreds of celebrities and nervous valedictorians (告别演说者). 1 And, at the risk of bragging (吹嘘), I was the first graduation-speech writer to compare life to a book. If I’m know for anything, it’s for starting speeches by saying, “I promise to keep things short, as I’m sure you are all impatient to go forward to the wonderful lives I hope you will live.” I’m as proud of that. But perhaps my most famous work came during a commencement speech at Penn State in the spring of 1977. During that speech, given by someone whose name I forget, I first used the phrase “As I look out into this sea of eager faces …” And that “sea of faces” thing was a real game-changer in the world of graduation-speech writing. 2 In 1997, I won a Herman (our version of Oscar) for Best Use of a Children’s Author Quote. That same year, I was nominated for Best Opening Joke, which went like, “Oh, no! We’re all wearing the same gown! How embarrassing!” It was a crowd-pleaser. So what have I learned during my career? 3 I’m not sure, but I’m nevertheless reminded of the day my mother died. Moments before her passing, she told me life was a book and even the saddest of chapters shall come to an end. If you can read the sad chapters rapidly and the happy chapters slowly, then your life will be a worthwhile one. Most of you have no idea what lies ahead or what course your lives will take — two other ways of saying future. I know this. 4 We may not need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows, but it can’t hurt to carry an umbrella. As I once said, “Tomorrow is a gift wrapped in time. Now is the time to open it.” You are all about to open new chapters of your own books. Shall we turn that page together? A. What should a good graduation speech be like? B. Yes, I’m proud and humbled to say that I’ve won several awards for my graduation speeches. C. But my life path has not always been smooth. D. What important lesson can I pass along? E. For decades, I have come up with new ways to say future. F. The journey you’re about to start will be filled with twists and turns. 【答案】1. E 2. B 3. D 4. F 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一位资深的毕业演讲稿撰写者，分享了自己在撰写演讲稿方面的经历、成就以及从中领悟到的人生哲理，并鼓励毕业生勇敢开启人生新篇章。 (1)题解析： 由上文“I was humbled and honored to be asked by the president of this outstanding university to speak to you today. Who am I? I am Gavin Presgrave, and for the past 39 years, I have written graduation speeches for hundreds of celebrities and nervous valedictorians(告别演说者).(今天，这所杰出大学的校长邀请我来给大家演讲，我感到十分荣幸。我是谁？我是加文·普雷斯格雷夫，在过去的39年里，我为数百名名人和紧张的告别演说者撰写了毕业演讲稿。)”及下文“And, at the risk of bragging (吹嘘), I was the first graduation-speech writer to compare life to a book.(而且，恕我直言，我是第一个将人生比作一本书的毕业演讲稿撰稿人。)”可知，本空应引出作者在撰写毕业演讲稿方面的丰富经验，承接前文和后文。E选项“For decades, I have come up with new ways to say future.(几十年来，我想出了许多表达“未来”的新方式。)”可知，几十年来作者在毕业演讲中不断探索新的表达方式，能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 (2)题解析： 由上文“But perhaps my most famous work came during a commencement speech at Penn State in the spring of 1977. During that speech, given by someone whose name I forget, I first used the phrase “As I look out into this sea of eager faces...” And that “sea of faces” thing was a real game-changer in the world of graduation-speed writing.(但也许我最著名的作品是1977年春天在宾夕法尼亚州立大学的一次毕业典礼上的演讲。在那次演讲中，演讲者的名字我忘了，我第一次使用了“当我望向这一片渴望的面孔之海……”这个短语，而“面孔之海”这个短语在毕业演讲写作领域确实是一个改变游戏规则的存在。)”及下文“In 1997, I won a Herman (our version of Oscar) for Best Use of a Children’s Author Quote. That same year, I was nominated for Best Opening Joke, which went like, “Oh, no! We’re all wearing the same gown! How embarrassing!” It was a crowd-pleaser.(1997年，我凭借对儿童作家名言的最佳运用获得了赫尔曼奖（我们的奥斯卡奖）。同年，我因最佳开场笑话而获得提名，笑话是这样的：“哦，不！我们都穿着同样的长袍！太尴尬了！”这个笑话很受欢迎。)”可知，本空应强调作者在毕业演讲写作领域获得的成就，承接下文。B选项“Yes, I’m proud and humbled to say that I’ve won several awards for my graduation speeches.(是的，我很自豪也很谦卑地说，我的毕业演讲获得了多个奖项。)”可知，作者因毕业演讲获得了多个奖项，能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 (3)题解析： 由上文“So what have I learned during my career?(那么，在我的职业生涯中，我学到了什么呢？)”及下文“I’m not sure, but I’m nevertheless reminded of the day my mother died. Moments before her passing, she told me life was a book and even the saddest of chapters shall come to an end. If you can read the sad chapters rapidly and the happy chapters slowly, then your life will be a worthwhile one.(我不确定，但我还是想起了母亲去世的那一天。在她去世前的那一刻，她告诉我，生活是一本书，即使是最悲伤的章节也会结束。如果你能快速阅读悲伤的章节，慢慢阅读快乐的章节，那么你的人生将是值得的。)”可知，本空应引出作者从职业生涯中学到的教训或经验。D选项“What important lesson can I pass along?(我能传授什么重要的经验教训呢？)”可知，作者在思考自己能传授什么重要的经验教训，能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。 (4)题解析： 由上文“Most of you have no idea what lies ahead or what course your lives will take—two other ways of saying future. I know this.(你们大多数人都不知道未来会发生什么，也不知道你们的人生会走什么样的路——这是未来的另外两种说法。我知道这一点。)”及下文“We may not need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows, but it can’t hurt to carry an umbrella. As I once said, “Tomorrow is a gift wrapped in time. Now is the time to open it.”(我们可能不需要天气预报员来知道风吹的方向，但带把伞也无妨。正如我曾经说过的，“明天是时间包裹的礼物。现在是打开它的时候了。”)”可知，本空应强调未来的不确定性。F选项“The journey you’re about to start will be filled with twists and turns.(你们即将开始的旅程将充满曲折。)”可知，作者提醒听众未来的旅程充满未知和挑战，能承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $