专题08 阅读表达（期中真题汇编，北京专用）高三英语上学期

专题08 阅读表达 （一） （25-26高三上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答 Growing up, I was different. When I was four, I was officially diagnosed with autism (自闭症). Before that, I had ADHD and a peanut allergy. I was a late talker. I hated loud noises. Any changes in routine completely threw me off. As a schoolboy, I felt like the least interesting person on Earth. No one seemed to understand me, and people were uncomfortable with me being different. I felt excluded by other students. Since I could not fit in, I chose silence — even though I had so much to say. Toward the end of my freshman year, something changed. After holding everything in for too long, the pressure built until I couldn’t take it. Like a bear that had been poked one too many times, my inner bear finally roared. I was done trying to please others or shrinking myself to fit in. I decided I wasn’t going to stay quiet anymore. I joined my high school’s media club, where for the first time I had friends and a sense of belonging. That was when I discovered the world of podcasting. During this early podcasting experience, I learnt about recording, editing and creating. Something else also changed — I felt a sense of self-worth, and my confidence grew. Later, I started my own podcast — Autism rocks and Rolls. At first, it was just a way to use my voice. But I quickly realized I was speaking up for others too. I’ve had listeners tell me they found themselves nodding along while listening. It means understanding. It means someone out there gets it, and that’s powerful. The podcast has now reached places I never expected. I’ve interviewed celebrities and leading experts, delivered a TEDx Talk and connected with thousands of listeners around the world. The most fulfilling part, though, is knowing that I’m opening people’s ears and minds to those who have been unheard. Back then, I never imagined my voice would reach this far. Thinking no one was listening, for years, I held everything in. But once the bear found its voice, I didn’t go back into hiding. I kept speaking, and now I have a platform where others can roar too. There are more than 8 billion people on the planet. Someone will get you. It may not be who you expect, and it may take time, but someone will. Keep going. Keep speaking. You will be heard. 1. What made the author feel excluded as a schoolboy? 2. How did the author’s early podcasting experience benefit him? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶For the author, the most rewarding part of the podcasting experience is that it is a way to use his voice. 4. From this story, what can you learn about growth? (In about 40 words) （二） （24-25高三上·北京北京师范大学第二附属中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 “I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out (解析) hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase. Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield (保护盾) to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because...”. As an asthmatic (气喘患者), my most vivid memories come from the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers,” and “I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.” But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because of that. So, why try? The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is surprisingly large. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and-reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.” 1. What were people supposed to do if they said “I can’t” in my childhood gymnastics? 2. What did “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that. 4. Share one of your experiences of dealing with “I can’ t”.( In about 40 words) （三） （25-26高三上·北京东直门·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We all love to criticize, but unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We freely post and comment on others, but feel annoyed at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. Criticism is defined as judgment of the merits (优点) and faults of something or someone in written or spoken form. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what concerns us here. What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage. The culture of criticism isn’t going away. The only way to flourish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is to adopt new habits of getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is to assume that criticism, even when it seems personal, is not actually about you personally. When we receive criticism, we make it personal in two ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks. If taking criticism is particularly hard for you, you are not alone. However, taking criticism badly is more embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off. 1. What will be the results of changing the way we give and take criticism? 2. What is the difference between constructive and destructive criticism? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. 4. What benefit(s) would you gain from learning to accept negative feedback? (In about 40 words) （四） （25-26高三上·北京顺义牛栏山第一中学·期中）The last thing I wanted to hear when my government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn during my final year of college was: "Things are working out for your own good. Just give them some time." Those words just stirred a lot of anger in me. Then I read the story of the Chinese bamboo farmer, which gave me a different view on life. The seed of the Chinese bamboo is planted in the ground like every seed. It is watered, and fed with nutrients daily, but it shows no immediate physical response and doesn't appear to grow. The farmer continues to water and feed the seed in year one, year two, and year three. No growth is seen until the fourth year, when the seed finally breaks through the ground. Then, in the space of just five weeks, it grows ninety feet tall. The Chinese bamboo grows to its full capacity within 5 years. Despite not seeing an immediate result, the farmer had trust in what he was doing. He continued to water and feed the plant for four years, because he believed that if he played his own role and did all that a farmer was supposed to do, then he would be given his reward at the right time. That trust and patience is what kept the farmer persistently feeding his seed for four years before enjoying the reward in the end. Life is not always straightforward. Most often, it's not a matter of 5+5 =10 (Sum 1). Life can be more like 2+1+2+0+0+0+1+2+0+0+1 + 1=10 (Sum 2). Both sums lead to the same result, but through quite different paths and processes. To be mature is to accept that things might look rough right now but the story can still have a great ending. We might live in a microwave generation where everything seems to happen instantly; but many things still obey the laws of nature. Just doing what you are supposed to be doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times. 1. What happened to the author in the final year of college? 2. How does the Chinese bamboo grow in the fourth year? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To overcome difficulties, we need to trust that things will work out and simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. 4. Which is your life more like, Sum 1 or Sum 2? Explain why. (about 40 words) （五） （25-26高三上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When I began my Ph. D. in science four years ago, I started feeling like a fish out of water. Everyone around me seemed to be driven by their burning love of science. I felt out of place, uninspired, and incompetent. “Mary, don’t worry. It’s just self-doubt,” everyone told me. For years, I believed them, thinking that with more experience and confidence, things would change. But as time went on, the feelings only got stronger. The idea of quitting made me feel relieved. But I knew I had too much fight in me to leave my program. So I decided to get my degree and then pursue something else entirely. Partly in search of this “something else,” I began writing. At first, I mainly used it as a creative outlet. But eventually, it led me to explore science communication. In writing about newly published scientific papers, I felt curious, enlightened, and empowered. I began to entertain the idea that my problem wasn’t self-doubt — maybe I truly was a fish out of water, and all I needed to do was leave my life on land. I decided to tell my academic teachers about my new passion. However, they could not understand why I would want to pursue anything other than research. Truthfully, I did worry about what my life would look like if I left the world of scientific research. I expressed my concerns to a writing teacher. “Follow your heart, and the rest will follow,” she told me. I knew in my heart that I wanted to pursue science communication after graduation. And once I chose to trust that feeling, I found that I no longer struggled to breathe. I still felt out of place in academic research. But I now knew where I belonged and how to get there. 1. How did the author feel when she began Ph. D. in science? 2. What did the author use as a creative outlet? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. After learning about the author’s concerns, the writing teacher encouraged her to quit scientific research immediately. 4. Use an example to show how you would apply the inspiration from the story in your life. (In about 40 words) （六） （25-26高三上·北京通州·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Over breakfast this morning, I enjoyed a short chat with Mia, my new Spanish study buddy. I explained what I had learned about the psychology of happiness from a Spanish-language podcast. By the end of the ten-minute conversation, I felt that I had mastered more of the language than if I’d done an hour of textbook exercises. Mia, however, does not exist in real life: It is an AI that I created to take advantage of a phenomenon called the “protege effect (学徒效应).” According to research, we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about the topic we’ve just explored — even if that person doesn’t really exist. The effect has its roots in the principle of “learning by teaching,” pioneered in the early 1980s by Jean-Pol Martin, a French teacher working in Germany. To improve his students’ language learning, he had them research and present different parts of the curriculum to their classmates. The technique boosted their motivation, self-confidence, and communicative abilities, and it soon spread to many other schools. Later, a group of Stanford scientists tested the idea. In a pioneering experiment, Catherine Chase asked 62 eighth-graders to use a computer program to study how fever affects the body. Over two lessons, the students had to read a text and then create a flowchart. Half the teens did the exercise as a form of self-study, while the others were told that their diagram would help to teach a virtual character. At the end, those in the teaching role had learned considerably more of the material, with much stronger performance on tests. Chase named this the protege effect, and it has since been replicated (复制) many times. These later studies suggest that learning by teaching is more powerful than other memory techniques. When we feel a sense of responsibility to provide the right information, we will make a greater effort to deepen our understanding. This process then helps to enhance what we have learned. 1. What is protege effect? 2. Why was Martin’s technique spread to many schools? Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. 3. According to the protege effect, the method of self study helps us perform better on tests. 4. How can you put the “protege effect” into practice in your daily life? (In about 40 words) （一） （25-26高三上·北京昌平·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. Yet taking the occasional rest time—to do nothing at all—may be exactly what you need. Just dim (调暗) the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively. The remarkable memory-boosting benefits of undisturbed rest were first documented in1900 by the German psychologist Georg Elias Muller and his student Alfons Pilzecker. In one of their many experiments on memory consolidation, Muller and Pilzecker first asked their participants to learn a list of meaningless syllables. Following a short study period half the group were immediately given a second list to learn—while the rest were given a six-minute break before continuing. When tested one-and-a-half hours later, the two groups showed strikingly different patterns of recall. The participants given the break remembered nearly 50% of their list, compared to an average of 28%for the group who had been given no time to recharge their mental batteries. The finding suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorised, making it more sensitive to interference from new information. Taking regular periods of rest, without distraction, could help us all hold onto new material a little more firmly. After all, for many students, the 10-30% improvements recorded in some studies could mark the difference between A grade or B. “I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.” In the age of information overload, it’s worth remembering that our smartphones aren’t the only thing that needs a regular recharge, our minds clearly do too. 1. According to the first paragraph, what is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material? 2. What did Georg and Alfons’ finding suggest? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks while taking exams. 4. Besides boosting your memory, what else can you do to improve your academic (学业的) performance? (In about 40 words) （二） （24-25高三上·北京汇文中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The other day I was having coffee and catching up with Brian, a friend I hadn’t seen in over a year, when he asked me this question: “Do you regret leaving Google?” “Of course, I don’t regret it,” I answered. But when I reflected more deeply on his question, I arrived at this realization: We cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life. Truth is, not every decision we make will be the right choice for us. I learned later that quitting my one and only source of income to start an e-commerce business from nothing was a recipe for financial disaster. No, that decision was not the right one at the time. Perhaps I should’ve followed the advice I give today: Build your business while working a full-time job so that you can work from a place of stability. But then again, I wouldn’t have learned such a valuable lesson had I not acted upon what was truly important to me at the time—the freedom of pursuing my own dream, on my own terms. We regret what’s in the past and can’t be changed. We compare the choices we made yesterday to an ideal path that we think we should have taken—we simply imagine it to be a better path. What is worse is when stuck in regret, we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today. There’s a much better way to look at regret—a more mindful way—and it can be seen at a place where action, reflection, and gratitude meet. So whenever you find yourself caught in regret, stop and ask yourself these two questions: “What have I learned from this? And how have I grown because of it?” Perhaps you might just shift your viewpoint from that of being upset and regretful to being appreciative and grateful. 1. What did Brian’s question make the writer realize? 2. List the two words the author uses to describe the viewpoint people should take when facing regret. 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed. 4. What has been your biggest regret during your high school life? What have you learned from this? (In about 40 words) （三） （24-25高三上·北京房山·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 It’s important to write down not only what your goals are, but also when, where and how you’ll accomplish them. Most of us assume those superachievers who are always able to eat healthy foods and pick their kids up on time must have superhuman self-control. But science points to a different answer: What we mistake for willpower is often a hallmark of habit. People with good habits rarely need to resist the temptation to lie on the couch, order unhealthy takeout or delay on assignments. That’s because they have established good habits, with little to no willpower required to choose wisely. Sounds great, right? The only problem is that building good habits takes effort and insight. Thankfully, here are a few research-backed steps sourced from my book, “How to Change,” that can help you develop good habits. Set a specific goal. The way you define the goal you hope to turn into a habit does matter. Goals such as “Memorize words regularly” are too abstract, research has shown. Also, you should find the right kind of social support. Good habits are contagious, so try to catch some habits by hanging out with people who are a little ahead of you on the learning curve. It’s important not to get too crazy — if you try to train with marathoners when you’re just hoping to work up to a 5K, I’ve found it can be discouraging. One last thing to keep in mind is that habits can take some time to form. They don’t click overnight. Despite claims that there’s a “magic number” of days it takes to form a habit, I have disproven this myth in my recent research. 1. What do we mistake for willpower? 2. Why do people with good habits rarely need to resist the temptation? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > To catch some habits, you can hang out with people who are a little behind you on the learning curve. 4. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do to develop a good habit in your daily life?（In about 40 words） （四） （24-25高三上·北京通州·期中）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。 Your quest for success and happiness begins with right intentions. It culminates (达到顶点) when you reach your chosen goals. What sustains your effort in between is your determination. What carries you towards your goals is your determination. It means the firmness of purpose or intention. If there is one gift that you can give to yourself in your life to be what you want to be, it is the power of determination. Without it you are a mere passive spectator in the drama of your life. If there is one quality that makes a difference between a winner and a loser or a leader and a follower, it is the power of determination. Without it, you may dream wild dreams, but you will not accomplish much in life. If you have determination, nothing can stop you and prevent you from following your course of action to achieve your goals or realize your dreams. Obstacles may arise and obstruct your progress. They may delay your success, disturb you temporarily, and may even mislead you, but they cannot withstand the power of determination. It is the power that you generate within yourself to remain committed to your path and belief, and march towards your cherished goals. Before you take up any project or goal, you should know whether you have the determination to stick to your plans and reach your goals. Determination is your inner strength. Like the hardwood inside a tree, it gives you the power to stand tall and face the winds of turmoil. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you! You can find your way through the most difficult situations. Determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. He is not interested in being tough for toughness sake, but to overcome obstacles and reach his goals. Hence, he remains open-minded about possibilities and opportunities, but firm in his commitment (忠诚) and belief. Discipline and determination go together. If you have them, you will become unstoppable. 1. According to the passage, what is determination? 2. What would happen if one does not have determination? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in-you, and you will not make changes. 4. How does being determined benefit you? (In about 40 words) （五） （24-25高三上·北京第四中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego(自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong—it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves—without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 1. Why can’t some people apologize? 2. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. 4. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) （六） （24-25高三上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 I smile as soon as I am greeted by the barista (咖啡师) who knows my name and order. As I head to a table, latte in hand, I feel a lightness in my step. This is a feeling you might experience in your daily life as well. Chances are, there are people you come into contact with daily, who you may not know well but can put a smile on your face. People like this are called “consequential strangers”. They could be the neighbor you chat to or even the person you regularly make small talk with at the gym. Typically, our lives feature many consequential strangers. We may only know some of them for a short time, whereas others may become longstanding parts of our lives. Like me, counsellor Tina Chummun has found that the barista she sees regularly is an important consequential stranger to her. “I trust the feedback from the barista because she has a completely different perspective of me,” she explains. Consequential strangers can give us a space to talk about things that perhaps we don’t with other people in our lives, and to hear alternative perspectives. These interactions are emotionally beneficial as well: the consequential strangers in my life not only help me feel a stronger sense of belonging to my community but also help with loneliness. And some of these connections could potentially become supportive relationships we can turn to for help. “There are many ways that you can approach strangers and start conversations,” says Tina. “If you’re at a train station waiting for a train, you can strike up a conversation about how annoying the delay is.” You may find that this brings you into a fuller conversation, but even if you only have a fleeting exchange with someone, this is a great way to build your confidence. Of course, not every consequential stranger is going to become a good friend and that’s OK. Still, they are a valuable part of your life, able to make you smile and feel a sense of connection. And that in itself is well worth celebrating. 1. What kind of people does the term “consequential strangers” refer to? 2. How do consequential strangers contribute to the author’s emotional well-being? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are going to become your good friends. 4. Write about one of your consequential strangers and how he/she influences you.( In about 40 words) （七） （八） （23-24高三上·北京市北京师范大学附属中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop. From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.” Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.” “The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection. Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up. “Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore. “Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.” “If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others. Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.” 1. What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore? 2. What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time. 4. List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words) （九） （23-24高三上·北京大兴·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Just as noise pollution negatively impacts human health, it also affects wildlife. It can affect animal communication, their abilities to find food and impact where they live. A recent study published in Biology Letters found that human-created noise is affecting a wide range of animals. Noise pollution is caused by cars, trucks, airplanes, ships, factories, industrial activities and sounds from cities, among others. Researchers found that wildlife in many different land and water ecosystems showed significant responses to human-created noise. For example, bats use ultrasonic sound waves to get around and to find food. However, noise pollution affects this and causes them to spend more time and energy locating their food source. Shipping lanes in the UK can be deafening to harbor seals, and noises from ships are seriously impacting killer whales ability to find food and avoid potential dangers, according to episode 2 of CBC s Killers: J pod on the brink (边缘). And it’s no secret that many human-created conditions, like noise, are changing the behavior of birds. You may be surprised to learn that plants are also impacted, since pollinators (传粉昆虫) often relocate to quieter areas. Not unlike the impact of light pollution on insects, noise pollution is causing change. It can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas, according to The Guardian. The good news is that if noise is reduced or simply turned off, it more or less removes the issue. The impact does not remain in the same way as other forms of pollution, like plastic or chemicals. And efforts are already underway in Canada. BC Ferries is working to lessen the effects of underwater noise, especially along ferry routes that pass through critical habitats. WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society) Canada is encouraging the federal government to increase protective measures in the Arctic. They’re also working with international colleagues to address the increase of noise in the region as a result of new shipping routes. While these initiatives demonstrate progress, tightening rules and regulations around noise pollution is an important measure for conserving wildlife in Canada. 1. Why do bats spend more time looking for food? 2. What is the influence of noise pollution on ecosystems? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Noise pollution affects animals in many ways, and compared with other forms of pollution, noise pollution is harder to deal with. 4. Please give some advice on how to reduce the effects of noise pollution on animals. (In about 40 words) （十） （23-24高三上·北京房山良乡中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 1. How are habits built? 2. In what way is a routine different from a habit? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. 4. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) （一） （23-24高三上·北京第十三中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Reading is one of the most critical activities anyone can engage in for his or her success in life. It is essential for both children and adults because it exposes an individual to new things and equips them to become effective problem solvers.Sometimes, reading ends being a hobby to many people, or even a career. It is from reading that exploration arises. Reading forms a fundamental part of self-improvement. Through it, people become better in understanding the world around them. It is through this vital activity that people gain a deep understanding of specific topics that are of interest to them. For instance, one can read an article or any other piece of writing on how to improve one’s self-confidence. It is thus through reading that it becomes possible for one to create a structured path towards better understanding of issues and well-informed decision making. Further, reading is crucial as it helps one to prepare to take action. Usually, before taking an action on anything, one seeks guidance and help. Guidance can be obtained from people who have gone through similar situations. However, some people turn to reading as a source of knowledge and guidance about a situation. In the 21st century,guidance and help goes a long way in influencing decision making. For example, one can read on how to cook a meal, how to play football, or even the best places to go for a vacation. In such situations, reading helps people prepare before they take any significant steps. It is also through reading that one may gain experience from other people. Since books and other reading materials are written by different people from varying backgrounds, reading exposes a reader to different experiences. Through such experiences, a reader may hasten their success towards a goal since they might avoid similar mistakes made by other people. Books contain successes, failures, and advice from different people and it is assumed that life is too short to repeat mistakes committed by other people in the past. In the case of success, one might read on the best ways to make money and avoid certain mistakes along this path. Learning about and getting to understand people who have succeeded is essential for someone who intends to follow the same path. 1. According to the author, why is reading essential for both children and adults? 2. How does reading help people to prepare before taking an action? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▷ Through reading, people may learn about different stories and experiences, so they may repeat the mistakes made by other people in the past. 4. Please present the benefits that reading has brought to you and give examples.(In about 40 words) （二） （23-24高三上·北京第八中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Digital Inclusion for Older Adults As a researcher in the behavior of older adults, I regularly hear complaints from them like, “I’m just not part of this world anymore. In certain parts of society, I just can’t join… Some things just are not possible if you are not in the flow of the Internet.” or “We feel like we’re standing outside a building that we have no access to.” Today, mastering digital technology has become a key component of what it means to fully participate in society. But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide. As a recent study shows, one-third of adults aged 65 and older say they’ve never used the Internet, and half don’t have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they need someone else’s help to set up or use a new digital device. In contrast to concerns about technology use increasing isolation(孤立；隔离) among younger populations, the communication and connection possible online can be especially valuable for older adults who are homebound, live far away from family, or have lost the loved ones. Older adults can use online tools to connect with friends and family via messaging platforms, video chat, and social media even if they can no longer physically visit them. And they can engage with the outside world through news, blogs, streaming platforms, and email, even if they are no longer able to move about as easily as they once could. For older adults in particular, the risks associated with social isolation are profound. Loneliness among older adults has been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world accessible to them. The importance of digital inclusion is not going to disappear with the generational changes of the coming decades. Technology is continuously developing, and with each new digital innovation come challenges for even younger adults to adapt. 1. What prevents some older adults from connecting with society? 2. What do the statistics in Paragraph 3 indicate? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ●Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline. 4. Please briefly present your opinion on digital inclusion. (about 40 words) （三） （23-24高三上·北京朝阳·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The word “motivation” comes from the Latin term motivus, “a moving cause”. It is described as the force that drives us to pursue a goal, including the desire to continue pursuing meaning, purpose, and a life worth living. It fuels competition and boosts social connection. Its absence can lead to mental illnesses such as depression. People often have multiple motives for engaging in any one behaviour. Motivation might be extrinsic. That means a person is inspired by outside forces—other people or rewards. Anything promised for completing the task or received as a result of completing the task are extrinsic motivators. Extrinsic motivation can increase motivation in the short term, but over time it may gradually decrease. Motivation can also be intrinsic. Intrinsic motivation comes purely from within, with no expected reward, deadline, or outside pressure. For example, people who are intrinsically motivated to run do so because they love the feeling of running itself. Compared to extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation tends to push people more forcefully, and the achievements are more satisfying, since it is integrated into identity and serves as a continuous source of motivation. To understand motivation, Abraham Maslow introduced the concept of hierarchy of needs (需求层次) in 1943. According to Maslow, humans are intrinsically motivated to meet physical needs, the most fundamental ones such as needs for food. Then they gradually satisfy several levels of needs from safety, to higher-order needs for love, belonging, and self-respect, and finally move to ward expressing their full potential—self-actualization, the desire to become the most that one can be. Although the generality of Maslow’s theory has been challenged, many believe it reveals fundamental truths about human motivation. No matter where motivation begins, there are always ways to increase it — whether that be your own motivation or someone else’s. Sometimes you might feel completely unmotivated — and that’s OK. In that situation, allow yourself to feel the discomfort, hear the negative self-talk, and then take action anyway. 1. What is motivation? 2. Why is intrinsic motivation more powerful? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▷According to Maslow, we are motivated by different levels of needs, starting at the lowest and the most basic level known as self-actualization needs. 4. In what way(s) do you think you can get motivated? (In about 40 words) （四） （23-24高三上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 If you feel like you may be a people-pleaser, you’re not alone. In today’s highly-connected world, we have a growing obsession (痴迷) with being liked and needing to please others. People seek to please others for various reasons, including avoiding conflicts, securing feelings of being needed, and reducing fears of abandonment. And they are forced to use agreeableness as self-defense. People-pleasing behavior can lead to mental and physical health problems such as fear of rejection, frustration, anger, addictions, headaches, stomach problems, and high blood pressure. It can also result in weak boundaries, problems with decision-making and dependency. Therefore, it’s important to recognize and overcome your own people-pleasing behaviors. Here are some simple exercises that you can start working on today. Learn to love your own company. Trust that people will not abandon you, even if you don’t drop everything for them. Believing you are lovable for who you are, not what you do, means knowing that people will still be there for you even if you do not always search for ways to please them. Practice this by going to a movie or restaurant alone. Value the plans made with yourself. They are as important as plans you make with other people. Otherwise, you are sending a message to your brain that a plan you make with yourself does not hold as much value. Don’t break long-or short-term plans you make with yourself, whether it’s going to the gym or studying for an exam. Say “no” when necessary. If you’re a people-pleaser, you may find it hard to say “no” because you feel it comes across as cruel or uncaring. But it absolutely does not have to. Be clear, be direct, and use “I” statements. Try statements like: “I would really love to be able to help you, but unfortunately, I’m already committed at that time.” By consistently integrating these strategies into your life, you’ll break your people-pleasing habits and develop more healthy, interdependent relationships. 1. What is a people-pleaser like? 2. Besides mental and physical problems, what other problems may a people-pleaser suffer from? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. If you don’t want to be a people-pleaser, you should love being with others, value the plans made with yourself, and decline others’requests when necessary. 4. What do you think of the behavior of pleasing others? (In about 40 words) （五） （23-24高三上·北京丰台·期中）Upgrade your problems In 2017, I spent all my money buying my first flat — which meant I had no money to fix my first homeowner’s problem. I was sleeping on an air mattress because I couldn’t afford furniture. Then I noticed a leaky pipe under the bath, which created a wet puddle (水坑). I couldn’t afford a plumber (水管工) but I didn’t want to introduce myself to the neighbour by crashing through their wet ceiling. The only option left for me was that I had to solve the problem on my own. I took the bus to a nearby store and talked with the nice guy behind the counter. He explained how to fix it and sold me a pipe cutter and a bit of pipework. I went back home, pushed my head under the bath, and got the job done. It taught me a lesson that has since become a bit of motto for me: Upgrade your problems. Having a wet bathroom floor is a problem — and the day before I bought the place, I would have had a landlord to call. But once the place was mine, this became my problem. I saw this as progress: You must own your own property to take care of this sort of situation. Years later, when I founded my professional services company with my business partner, Adam, this motto became core to how we approach the business. There have been many problems, and there will continue to be new ones. However, we remember the reason we have these problems — it’s because we run our own business! A late-paying customer is a problem, but it’s one we encounter only if we have paying customers. That is why I still keep the pipe cutter on my desk today. It reminds me that, no matter my level of frustration (挫败), I am fortunate to face the problems I do. The more I solve them, the more I upgrade to even better ones. 1. What did the author notice in his first flat? 2. How did the author solve his problem with the bath? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author still keeps the pipe cutter on his desk today because it reminds him of his success in business. 4. What else would you do when you encounter problems in life? (In about 40 words) / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读表达 （一） 【答案】1. No one seemed to understand him, and people were uncomfortable with him being different. 2. He learnt about recording, editing and creating. He also felt a sense of self-worth, and his confidence grew. 3. For the author, the most rewarding part of the podcasting experience is that it is a way to use his voice. According to the passage, the most rewarding part of the podcasting experience is knowing that he’s opening people’s ears and minds to those who have been unheard. 4. From this story I know that growth means accepting one’s differences, daring to speak up, and not giving up. Even if you feel unheard at first, persistence will help you find your platform and be understood. （二） 【答案】1. 50 push-ups. 2. “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers,” and “I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing.” 3. There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that. According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”. 4. I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem. （三） 【答案】1. We will be less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback— even when it is negative. 2. Constructive criticism means to provide guidance so we can improve, while destructive criticism aims to cause hurt or damage. 3. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. They take criticism as a judgment on their abilities. 4. Learning to accept negative feedback can help us resist anger more easily and criticize more correctly. In addition, accepting negative feedback can help us put our shortcomings in perspective, correct our mistakes and improve ourselves. （四） 【答案】1. The author's government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn. 2. The seed finally breaks through the ground and the bamboo grows ninety feet tall in five weeks. 3. To overcome difficulties, we need to trust that things will work out and simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. (1)According to the passage, to overcome difficulties, we need to do what we are supposed to be doing rather than simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. (2)To overcome difficulties, we need to trust things will work out, have patience and do what we are supposed to be doing. 4. Sum① 2. My life is also full of ups and downs. For example, I was never good at chemistry and failed the mid-exam in senior② 1. With patience and determination, I made every effort to turn the tide. It was not a smooth path, but I got an A in the final exam in senior 3. （五） 【答案】1. She felt out of place, uninspired, and incompetent, justlike a fish out of water. 2. Writing 3. After learning about the author’s concerns, the writing teacher encouraged her to quit scientific research immediately. Because after learning about the author’s concerns, the writing teacher encouraged her to follow her heart. 4. When I found math homework tedious but enjoyed designing PPTs, I followed this passion. I now help classmates make academic presentation slides, turning my interest into a useful skill that fits me well. （六） 【答案】1. It is a phenomenon that we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about the topic we’ve just explored, even if that person doesn’t really exist. 2. Because it boosted students’ motivation, self-confidence, and communicative abilities. 3. According to the protege effect, the method of self study helps us perform better on tests. According to the experiment, students in the teaching role performed much better on tests than those who did self-study, so self-study is not the effective method in the protege effect. 4. In my daily life, I can practice the protege effect by explaining new knowledge or skills to my friends or family members. This not only helps them understand but also reinforces my own learning. （一） 【答案】1. ①Taking the occasional rest time to do nothing at all (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) . ②Dimming the lights, sitting back, and enjoying 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) .或者 Just dim the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you'll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better (than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively) . 2. The finding (或者Their finding) suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorized, making it more sensitive to inter fence from new information. 3. To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks (while) taking exams. Aidan Horner encourages students to include 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period.或者“I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.” 4. Taking notes and reviewing regularly is a useful way to improve my academic performance. I take notes on all subjects everyday and I'm used to reviewing what I have learnt before doing my homework and every examination. I have benefited a lot from this learning method. （二） 【答案】1. We cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life. 2. Appreciative and grateful. 3. When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed. Reason: When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today. 4. The biggest regret during my high school life is that I did not study hard and treasure the valuable time and could not be admitted to my ideal university. I realized the problem in my college, so I worked hard on my major and have made some achievements in my major finally. So I accept my regret and learn something from it and consider the regret as a valuable experience. （三） 【答案】1. We mistake willpower for super self-control. 2. People with good habits rarely need to resist temptation because they have ingrained positive behaviors that make wise choices automatic, requiring little to no willpower. 3. To catch some habits, you can hang out with people who are a little behind you on the learning curve. Because the passage indicates surrounding yourself with those who are ahead can provide motivation and inspiration, helping you adopt better habits more effectively. 4. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, you can develop a good habit by setting a daily reminder to practice the behavior, ensuring consistency and reinforcing your commitment to the goal. （四） 【答案】1. Determination means the firmness of purpose or intention. 2. Without determination one might be a mere passive spectator in the drama of their life.或Without determination, one may dream wild dreams, but they will not accomplish much in life. 3. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes. According to the passage, determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. 4. can benefit a lot from being determined. It is determination that drives me to keep being hardworking, going to the best university after overcoming all the possible difficulties, and it is determination that makes my life meaningful, fruitful, and unforgettable. （五） 【答案】1. Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, 2. They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 3. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 4. 言之有理即可。 （六） 【答案】1. It refers to the people you come into contact with daily, who you may not know well but can put a smile on your face. 2. They not only help the author feel a stronger sense of belonging to the community but also help with loneliness. 3. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are going to become your good friends. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are a valuable part of your life, able to make you smile and feel a sense of connection. 4. Possible version 1: The librarian at my community library is an important consequential stranger to me. He always greets me with a smile and extends appropriate care. I remember when I was having problems adjusting to high school life, he spotted it and encouraged me to embrace the new life bravely. Possible version 2: My consequential stranger is a friendly delivery person who always waves and asks about my day. His cheerful manner and genuine interest make me feel valued and connected to my neighborhood. His simple act of kindness brightens my day and reminds me that small interactions can make a difference. （七） （八） 【答案】1. Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. 2. It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships. 3. Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time. According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time. 4. I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends. （九） 【答案】1. Noise pollution affects their ability to use ultrasonic sound waves to get around and find food. 2. Noise pollution can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas. 3. Noise pollution affects animals in many ways, and compared with other forms of pollution, noise pollution is harder to deal with. According to the passage, noise pollution is not hard to deal with. The problem of noise pollution can be more or less removed by reducing noise or simply turning it off. However, plastic or chemical pollution is not that easy to get rid of because their impact can last a very long time. 4. To help animals in the sea we can establish quiet areas in the ocean, and develop quieter ships and machinery. To help animals on the land and in the air we can develop quieter cars and build noise reduction barriers around major traffic areas. （十） 【答案】1. Habits are built through learning and repetition. 2. A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge. 3. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months. 4. I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy. （一） 【答案】1. Because reading/it exposes an individual to new things and equips them to become effective problem solvers. 2. People may get guidance and help through reading books/from books before they take action/take any steps. People may turn to reading as a source of knowledge and guidance about a situation before taking action. 3. Through reading, people may learn about different stories and experiences, so they may repeat the mistakes made by other people in the past. According to the passage, people may read different stories and gain different experience through reading and it helps people to avoid(repeating) the mistakes made by other people in the past. 4. 言之有理即可。 （二） 【答案】1. The digital divide. 2. The problem of the digital divide among older adults is serious/ common. 3. ●Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline. According to the passage, enabling older adults to access the digital world can help reduce the risks of depression and functional decline rather than recover from them. 4. 略 （三） 【答案】1. Motivation is described as the force that drives us to pursue a goal. 2. Because it is integrated into identity and serves as a continuous source of motivation. 3. According to Maslow, we are motivated by different levels of needs, starting at the lowest and the most basic level known as self-actualization needs. The lowest and the most basic level of needs is not self-actualization needs but physical needs. 4. I often get motivated in two ways. First, rewarding myself helps generate and maintain motivation. I can set small rewards for achieving small goals and larger rewards for achieving larger goals. Second, I always find inspiration in others. Learning from successful individuals constantly motivates me to be the better version of myself. （四） 【答案】1. A people-pleaser has a (growing) obsession with being liked and needing to please others. 2. A people-pleaser may suffer from weak boundaries, problems with decision-makingand dependency. 3. If you don’t want to be a people-pleaser, (you should) love being with others, value the plans made with yourself, and decline others’ requests when necessary. You should learn to love your own company. 4. I think it’s harmful to mental health. Always obsessed with being liked and ignoring the true needs of our own, we would lose ourselves and tie our worthiness to others’ approval. Once we fail to satisfy all, anxiety and frustration would creep into our minds, causing mental health issues. （五） 【答案】1. A leaky pipe under the bath. 2. The author went to a store, and the guy behind the counter explained how to fix it. After buying a pipe cutter and a bit of pipework, he went home and got the job done./He solved the problem on his own. 3. The author still keeps the pipe cutter on his desk today because it reminds him of his success in business. The author still keeps the pipe cutter on his desk today because it reminds him no matter his level of frustration, he is fortunate to face the problems. 4. Breaking down problems is a useful way to solve problems. Break down big problems into smaller, more specific tasks to make them easier to manage and solve. Tackle each task step by step and get closer to the final goal. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读表达 （一） （25-26高三上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答 Growing up, I was different. When I was four, I was officially diagnosed with autism (自闭症). Before that, I had ADHD and a peanut allergy. I was a late talker. I hated loud noises. Any changes in routine completely threw me off. As a schoolboy, I felt like the least interesting person on Earth. No one seemed to understand me, and people were uncomfortable with me being different. I felt excluded by other students. Since I could not fit in, I chose silence — even though I had so much to say. Toward the end of my freshman year, something changed. After holding everything in for too long, the pressure built until I couldn’t take it. Like a bear that had been poked one too many times, my inner bear finally roared. I was done trying to please others or shrinking myself to fit in. I decided I wasn’t going to stay quiet anymore. I joined my high school’s media club, where for the first time I had friends and a sense of belonging. That was when I discovered the world of podcasting. During this early podcasting experience, I learnt about recording, editing and creating. Something else also changed — I felt a sense of self-worth, and my confidence grew. Later, I started my own podcast — Autism rocks and Rolls. At first, it was just a way to use my voice. But I quickly realized I was speaking up for others too. I’ve had listeners tell me they found themselves nodding along while listening. It means understanding. It means someone out there gets it, and that’s powerful. The podcast has now reached places I never expected. I’ve interviewed celebrities and leading experts, delivered a TEDx Talk and connected with thousands of listeners around the world. The most fulfilling part, though, is knowing that I’m opening people’s ears and minds to those who have been unheard. Back then, I never imagined my voice would reach this far. Thinking no one was listening, for years, I held everything in. But once the bear found its voice, I didn’t go back into hiding. I kept speaking, and now I have a platform where others can roar too. There are more than 8 billion people on the planet. Someone will get you. It may not be who you expect, and it may take time, but someone will. Keep going. Keep speaking. You will be heard. 1. What made the author feel excluded as a schoolboy? 2. How did the author’s early podcasting experience benefit him? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶For the author, the most rewarding part of the podcasting experience is that it is a way to use his voice. 4. From this story, what can you learn about growth? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1. No one seemed to understand him, and people were uncomfortable with him being different. 2. He learnt about recording, editing and creating. He also felt a sense of self-worth, and his confidence grew. 3. For the author, the most rewarding part of the podcasting experience is that it is a way to use his voice. According to the passage, the most rewarding part of the podcasting experience is knowing that he’s opening people’s ears and minds to those who have been unheard. 4. From this story I know that growth means accepting one’s differences, daring to speak up, and not giving up. Even if you feel unheard at first, persistence will help you find your platform and be understood. 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从自闭到通过播客发声的成长历程。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。由文章第一段“Growing up, I was different. When I was four, I was officially diagnosed with autism (自闭症). Before that, I had ADHD and a peanut allergy. I was a late talker. I hated loud noises. Any changes in routine completely threw me off.(在成长过程中，我与众不同。当我四岁的时候，我被正式诊断为自闭症。在那之前，我患有多动症和花生过敏。我是一个说话晚的人。我讨厌吵闹。日常生活中的任何变化都让我感到厌烦)”和第二段中“No one seemed to understand me, and people were uncomfortable with me being different. I felt excluded by other students.(似乎没有人理解我，人们对我的与众不同感到不舒服。我觉得其他学生排挤了我)”可知，作者作为学生时感到被排挤是因为没有人理解他，人们对他的与众不同感到不舒服。故答案为No one seemed to understand him, and people were uncomfortable with him being different. (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。由文章第四段中“During this early podcasting experience, I learnt about recording, editing and creating. Something else also changed — I felt a sense of self-worth, and my confidence grew.(在早期的播客体验中，我学习了录音、编辑和创作。还有一件事也发生了变化——我有了自我价值感，我的信心也增强了)”可知，作者早期的播客经历让他学会了录音、编辑和创作，并且让他有了自我价值感，信心也增强了。故答案为He learnt about recording, editing and creating. He also felt a sense of self-worth, and his confidence grew. (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。由文章第六段中“The most fulfilling part, though, is knowing that I’m opening people’s ears and minds to those who have been unheard.(不过，最让我感到满足的是，我知道我正在让人们听到并理解那些一直被忽视的人的声音)”可知，对于作者来说，播客经历中最有收获的部分是知道他正在让人们听到并理解那些一直被忽视的人的声音，而不是仅仅用它来表达自己的声音。错误的部分是“it is a way to use his voice”，故答案为For the author, the most rewarding part of the podcasting experience is that it is a way to use his voice. According to the passage, the most rewarding part of the podcasting experience is knowing that he’s opening people’s ears and minds to those who have been unheard. (4)题解析： 开放性题目，此题要求回答：从这个故事中，你能学到什么关于成长的知识？（约40字）答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：这告诉我们成长是一个不断发现自我、表达自我并影响他人的过程。即使面临困难，只要坚持并表达自己，总会有人听到并理解你的声音。故答案为From this story I know that growth means accepting one’s differences, daring to speak up, and not giving up. Even if you feel unheard at first, persistence will help you find your platform and be understood. （二） （24-25高三上·北京北京师范大学第二附属中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 “I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out (解析) hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase. Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield (保护盾) to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because...”. As an asthmatic (气喘患者), my most vivid memories come from the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers,” and “I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.” But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because of that. So, why try? The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is surprisingly large. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and-reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.” 1. What were people supposed to do if they said “I can’t” in my childhood gymnastics? 2. What did “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that. 4. Share one of your experiences of dealing with “I can’ t”.( In about 40 words) 【答案】1. 50 push-ups. 2. “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers,” and “I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing.” 3. There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that. According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”. 4. I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem. 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者童年时期在体育课上经常说“我不能”的经历，探讨了这句话背后的深层含义，并反思了它对个人成长的影响。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第段二中“Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. (任何使用它的人，即使是其他教练，在尝试再次交谈之前都必须做50个俯卧撑)”可知，在作者小时候的体操训练中，如果有人说“我不能”，他会被罚做50个俯卧撑。故答案为：50 push-ups。 (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“For me, “I can’t” actually meant “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers,” and “I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing.” (对我来说，“我不能”实际上意味着“跑得比同龄人落后几圈真是太尴尬了”和“我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心。”)”可知，作者在体育课上说“我不能”的意思是：“跑得比同龄人落后几圈真是太尴尬了”和“我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心。”故答案为：“It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers,” and “I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing.” (3)题解析： 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because of that. (但是，让我们自己回到“我不能”的状态比隐藏我们更深层次的感受会造成更大的伤害。最终，我们和我们周围的人开始相信这一点。我知道有些事情我因此而放弃了尝试。)”可知，作者停止尝试是因为自己相信“我不能”，而不是真正“没有能力去做”。所以句中“the fact that I am not able to do that.”表述错误。故答案为There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that. According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”. (4)题解析： 开放性题目，此题要求回答：分享你处理“我不能”的经历。答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我记得我在一道数学题上苦苦挣扎，感到不知所措。我想放弃，但我没有说“我做不到”，而是告诉老师我感到沮丧，需要帮助。她很理解我，帮我解决了这个问题。故答案为I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem. （三） （25-26高三上·北京东直门·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 We all love to criticize, but unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We freely post and comment on others, but feel annoyed at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime soon. Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. Criticism is defined as judgment of the merits (优点) and faults of something or someone in written or spoken form. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what concerns us here. What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage. The culture of criticism isn’t going away. The only way to flourish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is to adopt new habits of getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is to assume that criticism, even when it seems personal, is not actually about you personally. When we receive criticism, we make it personal in two ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks. If taking criticism is particularly hard for you, you are not alone. However, taking criticism badly is more embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off. 1. What will be the results of changing the way we give and take criticism? 2. What is the difference between constructive and destructive criticism? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. 4. What benefit(s) would you gain from learning to accept negative feedback? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1. We will be less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback— even when it is negative. 2. Constructive criticism means to provide guidance so we can improve, while destructive criticism aims to cause hurt or damage. 3. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance. They take criticism as a judgment on their abilities. 4. Learning to accept negative feedback can help us resist anger more easily and criticize more correctly. In addition, accepting negative feedback can help us put our shortcomings in perspective, correct our mistakes and improve ourselves. 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文，说明了批评对我们的影响及我们应如何正确地对待批评。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback— even when it is negative.(幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变我们给予和接受批评的方式，这将使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈)”可知，改变我们给予和接受批评的方式会使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈。故答案为We will be less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative. (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage.(让我们烦恼的是负面的批评，即使是善意的所谓建设性的批评，也意味着提供指导，让我们提高。最糟糕的是破坏性的批评，它的目的是造成伤害或破坏)”可知，建设性的批评是指提供指导，使我们能够改进，而破坏性的批评旨在造成伤害或损害。故答案为Constructive criticism means to provide guidance so we can improve, while destructive criticism aims to cause hurt or damage. (3)题解析： 考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at tasks.(第二，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们天生能力的判断，而不是对我们的表现的判断。有趣的是，研究表明，即使是在年幼的孩子中，将批评视为对一个人能力的判断，也会导致自我价值降低、积极情绪降低、任务坚持度降低)”可推知，接受批评的孩子自我价值较低，因为他们把批评当成对自己能力的评判，而不是表现得判断。故答案为Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their performance./They take criticism as a judgment on their abilities. (4)题解析： 开放性试题。根据文章最后一段“If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better off.(如果我们努力学习接受负面反馈，我们就会变得更好)”可知，学习接受负面反馈能帮助我们更容易抵制愤怒，同时更正确地进行批评。此外，接受负面反馈还能帮助我们正确地看待自己的不足，纠正错误并提高自己。故答案为Learning to accept negative feedback can help us resist anger more easily and criticize more correctly. In addition, accepting negative feedback can help us put our shortcomings in perspective, correct our mistakes and improve ourselves. （四） （25-26高三上·北京顺义牛栏山第一中学·期中）The last thing I wanted to hear when my government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn during my final year of college was: "Things are working out for your own good. Just give them some time." Those words just stirred a lot of anger in me. Then I read the story of the Chinese bamboo farmer, which gave me a different view on life. The seed of the Chinese bamboo is planted in the ground like every seed. It is watered, and fed with nutrients daily, but it shows no immediate physical response and doesn't appear to grow. The farmer continues to water and feed the seed in year one, year two, and year three. No growth is seen until the fourth year, when the seed finally breaks through the ground. Then, in the space of just five weeks, it grows ninety feet tall. The Chinese bamboo grows to its full capacity within 5 years. Despite not seeing an immediate result, the farmer had trust in what he was doing. He continued to water and feed the plant for four years, because he believed that if he played his own role and did all that a farmer was supposed to do, then he would be given his reward at the right time. That trust and patience is what kept the farmer persistently feeding his seed for four years before enjoying the reward in the end. Life is not always straightforward. Most often, it's not a matter of 5+5 =10 (Sum 1). Life can be more like 2+1+2+0+0+0+1+2+0+0+1 + 1=10 (Sum 2). Both sums lead to the same result, but through quite different paths and processes. To be mature is to accept that things might look rough right now but the story can still have a great ending. We might live in a microwave generation where everything seems to happen instantly; but many things still obey the laws of nature. Just doing what you are supposed to be doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times. 1. What happened to the author in the final year of college? 2. How does the Chinese bamboo grow in the fourth year? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To overcome difficulties, we need to trust that things will work out and simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. 4. Which is your life more like, Sum 1 or Sum 2? Explain why. (about 40 words) 【答案】1. The author's government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn. 2. The seed finally breaks through the ground and the bamboo grows ninety feet tall in five weeks. 3. To overcome difficulties, we need to trust that things will work out and simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. (1)According to the passage, to overcome difficulties, we need to do what we are supposed to be doing rather than simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. (2)To overcome difficulties, we need to trust things will work out, have patience and do what we are supposed to be doing. 4. Sum① 2. My life is also full of ups and downs. For example, I was never good at chemistry and failed the mid-exam in senior② 1. With patience and determination, I made every effort to turn the tide. It was not a smooth path, but I got an A in the final exam in senior 3. 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。在大学最后一年作者的政府奖学金被取消了，这让他很生气，但是在读了一篇中国竹农的故事后，作者明白了生活并不是一帆风顺的，通常情况下，做你应该做的事，像中国的竹农一样有耐心，相信事情会解决的，这能帮助你度过最艰难的时刻。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“The last thing I wanted to hear when my government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn during my final year of college was(当我的政府奖学金在大学最后一年被取消时，我最不想听到的就是)”可知，在大学最后一年作者的政府奖学金被取消了。故答案为The author's government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn. (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第二段倒第三句和倒第二句“No growth is seen until the fourth year, when the seed finally breaks through the ground. Then, in the space of just five weeks, it grows ninety feet tall. (直到第四年，种子终于破土而出时，才开始生长。然后，仅仅5个星期，它就长到了90英尺高)”可知，在第四年种子最终破土而出，竹子在5个星期后长到了90英尺高。故答案为The seed finally breaks through the ground and the bamboo grows ninety feet tall in five weeks.。 (3)题解析： 考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句“Just doing what you are supposed to be doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times. (做你应该做的事，像中国的竹农一样有耐心，相信事情会解决的，这能帮助你度过最艰难的时刻)”可知，并不是只要耐心地等待就好了，还要做你应该做的事，耐心等待，相信事情会解决的。所以“simply wait patiently for the great ending to come”处错误，答案为(1)According to the passage, to overcome difficulties, we need to do what we are supposed to be doing rather than simply wait patiently for the great ending to come.① (2)To overcome difficulties, we need to trust things will work out, have patience and do what we are supposed to be doing. (4)题解析： 考查开放性回答。根据最后一段最后一句“Just doing what you are supposed to be doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times. (做你应该做的事，像中国的竹农一样有耐心，相信事情会解决的，这能帮助你度过最艰难的时刻)”可知，生活不是一蹴而就，而是通过一点一点的努力，耐心的等待和坚定的信念来达到目标，所以答案最好是回答你的生活像Sum 2一样，并按照最后一段最后一句来解释原因，可以通过举出生活中的具体例子来体现。故答案为Sum② 2. My life is also full of ups and downs. For example, I was never good at chemistry and failed the mid-exam in senior③ 1. With patience and determination, I made every effort to turn the tide. It was not a smooth path, but I got an A in the final exam in senior 3. （五） （25-26高三上·北京顺义·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When I began my Ph. D. in science four years ago, I started feeling like a fish out of water. Everyone around me seemed to be driven by their burning love of science. I felt out of place, uninspired, and incompetent. “Mary, don’t worry. It’s just self-doubt,” everyone told me. For years, I believed them, thinking that with more experience and confidence, things would change. But as time went on, the feelings only got stronger. The idea of quitting made me feel relieved. But I knew I had too much fight in me to leave my program. So I decided to get my degree and then pursue something else entirely. Partly in search of this “something else,” I began writing. At first, I mainly used it as a creative outlet. But eventually, it led me to explore science communication. In writing about newly published scientific papers, I felt curious, enlightened, and empowered. I began to entertain the idea that my problem wasn’t self-doubt — maybe I truly was a fish out of water, and all I needed to do was leave my life on land. I decided to tell my academic teachers about my new passion. However, they could not understand why I would want to pursue anything other than research. Truthfully, I did worry about what my life would look like if I left the world of scientific research. I expressed my concerns to a writing teacher. “Follow your heart, and the rest will follow,” she told me. I knew in my heart that I wanted to pursue science communication after graduation. And once I chose to trust that feeling, I found that I no longer struggled to breathe. I still felt out of place in academic research. But I now knew where I belonged and how to get there. 1. How did the author feel when she began Ph. D. in science? 2. What did the author use as a creative outlet? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. After learning about the author’s concerns, the writing teacher encouraged her to quit scientific research immediately. 4. Use an example to show how you would apply the inspiration from the story in your life. (In about 40 words) 【答案】1. She felt out of place, uninspired, and incompetent, justlike a fish out of water. 2. Writing 3. After learning about the author’s concerns, the writing teacher encouraged her to quit scientific research immediately. Because after learning about the author’s concerns, the writing teacher encouraged her to follow her heart. 4. When I found math homework tedious but enjoyed designing PPTs, I followed this passion. I now help classmates make academic presentation slides, turning my interest into a useful skill that fits me well. 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者攻读理科博士初期格格不入、缺乏动力，虽曾误以为是自我怀疑，但在写作中发现对科学传播的热情，经写作老师鼓励，决心毕业后转行，找到归属感。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“When I began my Ph. D. in science four years ago, I started feeling like a fish out of water. Everyone around me seemed to be driven by their burning love of science. I felt out of place, uninspired, and incompetent.(四年前，当我开始攻读科学博士学位时，我开始感觉像一条离开水的鱼。我周围的每个人似乎都被他们对科学的强烈热爱所驱使。我感到格格不入，缺乏灵感，无能为力。)”可知，当作者开始攻读科学博士学位时她觉得自己像一条离开水的鱼，格格不入，没有灵感，无能为力。故答案为She felt out of place, uninspired, and incompetent, justlike a fish out of water. (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Partly in search of this “something else,” I began writing. At first, I mainly used it as a creative outlet.(部分是为了寻找这种“别的东西”，我开始写作。一开始，我主要把它作为一个创造性的发泄方式。)”可知，作者把写作作为一种创造性的发泄方式。故答案为Writing. (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“I expressed my concerns to a writing teacher. “Follow your heart, and the rest will follow,” she told me. I knew in my heart that I wanted to pursue science communication after graduation.(我向一位写作老师表达了我的担忧。“跟随自己的心，其他的就会跟着来，”她告诉我。在我的内心深处，我知道我想在毕业后从事科学传播。)”可知，题干这句话中“After learning about the author’s concerns, the writing teacher encouraged her to quit scientific research immediately.”错误部分为“quit scientific research immediately”，因为写作老师只是鼓励作者跟随自己的内心，追求科学传播，不要马上放弃研究。故答案为After learning about the author’s concerns, the writing teacher encouraged her to quit scientific research immediately. Because after learning about the author’s concerns, the writing teacher encouraged her to follow her heart. (4)题解析： 考查主观评价。根据题干的意思“用一个例子来说明你将如何把从故事中得到的灵感应用到你的生活中。”可知，当我发现数学作业很乏味，但却喜欢设计ppt时，我就追随了这种激情。我现在帮助同学制作学术演讲幻灯片，把我的兴趣变成了一项非常适合我的有用技能。故答案为When I found math homework tedious but enjoyed designing PPTs, I followed this passion. I now help classmates make academic presentation slides, turning my interest into a useful skill that fits me well. （六） （25-26高三上·北京通州·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Over breakfast this morning, I enjoyed a short chat with Mia, my new Spanish study buddy. I explained what I had learned about the psychology of happiness from a Spanish-language podcast. By the end of the ten-minute conversation, I felt that I had mastered more of the language than if I’d done an hour of textbook exercises. Mia, however, does not exist in real life: It is an AI that I created to take advantage of a phenomenon called the “protege effect (学徒效应).” According to research, we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about the topic we’ve just explored — even if that person doesn’t really exist. The effect has its roots in the principle of “learning by teaching,” pioneered in the early 1980s by Jean-Pol Martin, a French teacher working in Germany. To improve his students’ language learning, he had them research and present different parts of the curriculum to their classmates. The technique boosted their motivation, self-confidence, and communicative abilities, and it soon spread to many other schools. Later, a group of Stanford scientists tested the idea. In a pioneering experiment, Catherine Chase asked 62 eighth-graders to use a computer program to study how fever affects the body. Over two lessons, the students had to read a text and then create a flowchart. Half the teens did the exercise as a form of self-study, while the others were told that their diagram would help to teach a virtual character. At the end, those in the teaching role had learned considerably more of the material, with much stronger performance on tests. Chase named this the protege effect, and it has since been replicated (复制) many times. These later studies suggest that learning by teaching is more powerful than other memory techniques. When we feel a sense of responsibility to provide the right information, we will make a greater effort to deepen our understanding. This process then helps to enhance what we have learned. 1. What is protege effect? 2. Why was Martin’s technique spread to many schools? Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. 3. According to the protege effect, the method of self study helps us perform better on tests. 4. How can you put the “protege effect” into practice in your daily life? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1. It is a phenomenon that we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about the topic we’ve just explored, even if that person doesn’t really exist. 2. Because it boosted students’ motivation, self-confidence, and communicative abilities. 3. According to the protege effect, the method of self study helps us perform better on tests. According to the experiment, students in the teaching role performed much better on tests than those who did self-study, so self-study is not the effective method in the protege effect. 4. In my daily life, I can practice the protege effect by explaining new knowledge or skills to my friends or family members. This not only helps them understand but also reinforces my own learning. 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“学徒效应”及其作用和实践方式。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“Mia, however, does not exist in real life: It is an AI that I created to take advantage of a phenomenon called the “protege effect (学徒效应).” According to research, we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about the topic we’ve just explored — even if that person doesn’t really exist.(不过，米娅在现实中并不存在：它是我为了利用一种名为“学徒效应”的现象而创建的人工智能。研究表明，当我们把刚学到的内容教给别人时 —— 即便那个人并不真实存在 —— 我们自己的学习效果会更好。)”和最后一段中“Chase named this the protege effect, and it has since been replicated (复制) many times.(Chase将这种现象命名为“学徒效应”，此后该实验被多次重复验证。)”可知，学徒效应是指当我们向别人教授我们刚刚探索的主题时，我们会学得更有效，即使那个人并不真正存在。故答案为：It is a phenomenon that we learn more effectively when we teach someone else about the topic we’ve just explored, even if that person doesn’t really exist. (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“To improve his students’ language learning, he had them research and present different parts of the curriculum to their classmates. The technique boosted their motivation, self-confidence, and communicative abilities, and it soon spread to many other schools.(为了提高学生的语言学习能力，他让他们研究并向同学展示课程的不同部分。这项技术提高了他们的学习动力、自信心和沟通能力，并很快传播到许多其他学校。)”可知，Martin的方法被传播到许多学校是因为它提高了学生的学习动力、自信心和沟通能力。故答案为：Because it boosted students’ motivation, self-confidence, and communicative abilities. (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“Half the teens did the exercise as a form of self-study, while the others were told that their diagram would help to teach a virtual character. At the end, those in the teaching role had learned considerably more of the material, with much stronger performance on tests.(一半的青少年进行自学形式的练习，而另一半则被告知他们的图表将有助于教授一个虚拟角色。最后，那些扮演教学角色的青少年学到了更多的材料，在考试中的表现也更好。)”可知，根据学徒效应，是教授别人而不是自学的方法有助于我们在考试中表现得更好。因此，“the method of self study helps us perform better on tests”是错误的。故答案为：According to the protege effect, the method of self study helps us perform better on tests. According to the experiment, students in the teaching role performed much better on tests than those who did self-study, so self-study is not the effective method in the protege effect. (4)题解析： 开放性题目，此题要求回答：你如何在日常生活中实践“学徒效应”？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：在日常生活中，我可以通过向朋友或家人解释新知识或技能来练习学徒效应。这不仅有助于他们理解，也加强了我自己的学习。故答案为：In my daily life, I can practice the protege effect by explaining new knowledge or skills to my friends or family members. This not only helps them understand but also reinforces my own learning. （一） （25-26高三上·北京昌平·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. Yet taking the occasional rest time—to do nothing at all—may be exactly what you need. Just dim (调暗) the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively. The remarkable memory-boosting benefits of undisturbed rest were first documented in1900 by the German psychologist Georg Elias Muller and his student Alfons Pilzecker. In one of their many experiments on memory consolidation, Muller and Pilzecker first asked their participants to learn a list of meaningless syllables. Following a short study period half the group were immediately given a second list to learn—while the rest were given a six-minute break before continuing. When tested one-and-a-half hours later, the two groups showed strikingly different patterns of recall. The participants given the break remembered nearly 50% of their list, compared to an average of 28%for the group who had been given no time to recharge their mental batteries. The finding suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorised, making it more sensitive to interference from new information. Taking regular periods of rest, without distraction, could help us all hold onto new material a little more firmly. After all, for many students, the 10-30% improvements recorded in some studies could mark the difference between A grade or B. “I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.” In the age of information overload, it’s worth remembering that our smartphones aren’t the only thing that needs a regular recharge, our minds clearly do too. 1. According to the first paragraph, what is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material? 2. What did Georg and Alfons’ finding suggest? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks while taking exams. 4. Besides boosting your memory, what else can you do to improve your academic (学业的) performance? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1. ①Taking the occasional rest time to do nothing at all (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) . ②Dimming the lights, sitting back, and enjoying 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) .或者 Just dim the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you'll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better (than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively) . 2. The finding (或者Their finding) suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorized, making it more sensitive to inter fence from new information. 3. To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks (while) taking exams. Aidan Horner encourages students to include 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period.或者“I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.” 4. Taking notes and reviewing regularly is a useful way to improve my academic performance. I take notes on all subjects everyday and I'm used to reviewing what I have learnt before doing my homework and every examination. I have benefited a lot from this learning method. 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现偶尔休息一下，什么都不做可以在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的相关发现。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第一段“When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. Yet taking the occasional rest time—to do nothing at all—may be exactly what you need. Just dim (调暗) the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively.(在尝试记忆新材料时，很容易认为你投入的越多，你的表现就越好。然而，偶尔休息一下——什么都不做——可能正是你所需要的。把灯调暗，坐下来，享受10-15分钟的安静思考，你会发现你对刚学到的知识的记忆比你试图利用这段时间更有效地记忆要好得多)”可知，在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力的好方法是①偶尔休息一下，什么都不做（是在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力的好方法）。②调暗灯光，坐下来，享受10-15分钟的安静思考（是在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力的好方法）。或者把灯调暗，坐下来，享受10-15分钟的安静思考，你会发现你对刚刚学到的知识的记忆要好得多(比你试图更有效地利用这段时间要好得多)。故答案为① Taking the occasional rest time to do nothing at all (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) .②Dimming the lights, sitting back, and enjoying 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) .或者 Just dim the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better (than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively). (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第三段“The finding suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorised, making it more sensitive to interference from new information.(这一发现表明，我们对新信息的记忆在刚被记住的时候特别弱，这使得它对新信息的干扰更加敏感)”可知，Georg和Alfons的发现表明，我们对新信息的记忆在刚被记住的时候特别弱，这使得它对新信息的干扰更加敏感。故答案为The finding (或者Their finding) suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorized, making it more sensitive to inter fence from new information. (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段““I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.”(约克大学的艾丹·霍纳说：“我可以想象，你可以在复习期间包括这些10-15分钟的休息时间，这可能是一种有用的方法，可以在以后的记忆能力上有所提高。”)”可知，错误的部分为“(while) taking exams”，艾丹·霍纳鼓励学生在复习期间休息10-15分钟。或者约克大学的艾丹·霍纳说：“我可以想象，你可以在复习期间包括这些10-15分钟的休息时间，这可能是一种有用的方法，可以让你以后的记忆能力得到小幅提高。”故答案为To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks (while) taking exams. Aidan Horner encourages students to include 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period.或者“I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.” (4)题解析： 考查开放题。根据“除了提高记忆力，你还能做些什么来提高学习成绩呢？”可回答“记笔记和定期复习是提高学习成绩的有效方法。我每天都做笔记，我习惯在做作业和每次考试之前复习我学过的东西。我从这种学习方法中获益良多”。故答案为Taking notes and reviewing regularly is a useful way to improve my academic performance. I take notes on all subjects everyday and I'm used to reviewing what I have learnt before doing my homework and every examination. I have benefited a lot from this learning method. （二） （24-25高三上·北京汇文中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The other day I was having coffee and catching up with Brian, a friend I hadn’t seen in over a year, when he asked me this question: “Do you regret leaving Google?” “Of course, I don’t regret it,” I answered. But when I reflected more deeply on his question, I arrived at this realization: We cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life. Truth is, not every decision we make will be the right choice for us. I learned later that quitting my one and only source of income to start an e-commerce business from nothing was a recipe for financial disaster. No, that decision was not the right one at the time. Perhaps I should’ve followed the advice I give today: Build your business while working a full-time job so that you can work from a place of stability. But then again, I wouldn’t have learned such a valuable lesson had I not acted upon what was truly important to me at the time—the freedom of pursuing my own dream, on my own terms. We regret what’s in the past and can’t be changed. We compare the choices we made yesterday to an ideal path that we think we should have taken—we simply imagine it to be a better path. What is worse is when stuck in regret, we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today. There’s a much better way to look at regret—a more mindful way—and it can be seen at a place where action, reflection, and gratitude meet. So whenever you find yourself caught in regret, stop and ask yourself these two questions: “What have I learned from this? And how have I grown because of it?” Perhaps you might just shift your viewpoint from that of being upset and regretful to being appreciative and grateful. 1. What did Brian’s question make the writer realize? 2. List the two words the author uses to describe the viewpoint people should take when facing regret. 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed. 4. What has been your biggest regret during your high school life? What have you learned from this? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1. We cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life. 2. Appreciative and grateful. 3. When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed. Reason: When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today. 4. The biggest regret during my high school life is that I did not study hard and treasure the valuable time and could not be admitted to my ideal university. I realized the problem in my college, so I worked hard on my major and have made some achievements in my major finally. So I accept my regret and learn something from it and consider the regret as a valuable experience. 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。本文通过作者的自身经历表达了我们不应该为所做的决定后悔和遗憾，应从沮丧和遗憾转变为感激和感激。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“But when I reflected more deeply on his question, I arrived at this realization: We cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life. (但当我更深入地思考他的问题时，我意识到：我们不能后悔那些在生活中教会了我们宝贵教训的事情。)”可知，朋友的问题使我意识到我们不能后悔那些在生活中教会了我们宝贵教训的事情。故答案为We cannot regret something that has taught us valuable lessons in life。 (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据文章最后一句“So whenever you find yourself caught in regret, stop and ask yourself these two questions: “What have I learned from this? And how have I grown because of it?” Perhaps you might just shift your viewpoint from that of being upset and regretful to being appreciative and grateful. ( 所以，当你发现自己陷入后悔之中时，停下来问问自己这两个问题：“我从这件事中学到了什么？我是如何因此而成长的呢？”也许你可以把你的观点从沮丧和遗憾转变为感激和感激。)”可知作者用来描述人们在面对后悔时应该采取的观点的两个词是appreciative和grateful。故答案为Appreciative and grateful。 (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“What is worse is when stuck in regret, we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today.(更糟糕的是，当陷入后悔之中时，我们会失去对最重要的事情的控制：我们今天如何利用我们的时间。) ”可知“When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed. (当人们陷入悔恨时，更糟糕的是过去的选择无法改变。)”这句话是错误的，当人们陷入悔恨时，更糟糕的不是过去的选择无法改变。而是我们会失去对最重要的事情的控制：我们今天如何利用我们的时间。故答案为When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that past choices can’t be changed. Reason: When people get stuck in regret, what makes the situation worse is that we lose our control over what matters most: What we do with our time, today. (4)题解析： 开放性试题，言之有理即可。这篇文章表达了我们不应该为所做的决定后悔和遗憾，应从沮丧和遗憾转变为感激和感激。我们人生当中都有后悔的事情，关键是我们面对后悔和遗憾的态度。故答案可为The biggest regret during my high school life is that I did not study hard and treasure the valuable time and could not be admitted to my ideal university. I realized the problem in my college, so I worked hard on my major and have made some achievements in my major finally. So I accept my regret and learn something from it and consider the regret as a valuable experience. （三） （24-25高三上·北京房山·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 It’s important to write down not only what your goals are, but also when, where and how you’ll accomplish them. Most of us assume those superachievers who are always able to eat healthy foods and pick their kids up on time must have superhuman self-control. But science points to a different answer: What we mistake for willpower is often a hallmark of habit. People with good habits rarely need to resist the temptation to lie on the couch, order unhealthy takeout or delay on assignments. That’s because they have established good habits, with little to no willpower required to choose wisely. Sounds great, right? The only problem is that building good habits takes effort and insight. Thankfully, here are a few research-backed steps sourced from my book, “How to Change,” that can help you develop good habits. Set a specific goal. The way you define the goal you hope to turn into a habit does matter. Goals such as “Memorize words regularly” are too abstract, research has shown. Also, you should find the right kind of social support. Good habits are contagious, so try to catch some habits by hanging out with people who are a little ahead of you on the learning curve. It’s important not to get too crazy — if you try to train with marathoners when you’re just hoping to work up to a 5K, I’ve found it can be discouraging. One last thing to keep in mind is that habits can take some time to form. They don’t click overnight. Despite claims that there’s a “magic number” of days it takes to form a habit, I have disproven this myth in my recent research. 1. What do we mistake for willpower? 2. Why do people with good habits rarely need to resist the temptation? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > To catch some habits, you can hang out with people who are a little behind you on the learning curve. 4. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do to develop a good habit in your daily life?（In about 40 words） 【答案】1. We mistake willpower for super self-control. 2. People with good habits rarely need to resist temptation because they have ingrained positive behaviors that make wise choices automatic, requiring little to no willpower. 3. To catch some habits, you can hang out with people who are a little behind you on the learning curve. Because the passage indicates surrounding yourself with those who are ahead can provide motivation and inspiration, helping you adopt better habits more effectively. 4. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, you can develop a good habit by setting a daily reminder to practice the behavior, ensuring consistency and reinforcing your commitment to the goal. 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了健康饮食和管理时间的能力经常被误认为是意志力，但事实上，它们往往是建立良好习惯的结果。养成好习惯需要努力，需要明确的目标设定和社会支持。此外，这篇文章还指出，养成习惯需要时间，而所谓的“神奇数字”是无法证明的。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“ Most of us assume those superachievers who are always able to eat healthy foods and pick their kids up on time must have superhuman self-control. But science points to a different answer: What we mistake for willpower is often a hallmark of habit.( 我们大多数人都认为那些总是能吃健康食品和按时接孩子的超级成功者一定有超人的自制力。但科学给出了一个不同的答案：我们误认为意志力的东西往往是习惯的标志)”可知，我们通常认为意志力是超凡的自制力，但科学指出意志力实际是良好习惯的结果。故答案是：We mistake willpower for super self-control. (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“People with good habits rarely need to resist the temptation to lie on the couch, order unhealthy takeout or delay on assignments. That’s because they have established good habits, with little to no willpower required to choose wisely.( 有良好习惯的人很少需要抵制躺在沙发上、点不健康的外卖或拖延任务的诱惑。这是因为他们已经养成了良好的习惯，几乎不需要意志力就能做出明智的选择。)”可知，有好习惯的人很少需要抵制诱惑，因为他们有根深蒂固的积极行为，可以自动做出明智的选择，几乎不需要意志力。故答案是：People with good habits rarely need to resist temptation because they have ingrained positive behaviors that make wise choices automatic, requiring little to no willpower. (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Good habits are contagious, so try to catch some habits by hanging out with people who are a little ahead of you on the learning curve.( 好的习惯是会传染的，所以试着通过和那些在学习曲线上领先你一点的人交往来养成一些好习惯。)”可知，下列陈述中，“who are a little behind you on the learning curve”这一部分陈述是错误的；因为与那些领先的人在一起可以提供动力和灵感，帮助你更有效地养成更好的习惯。故答案是：To catch some habits, you can hang out with people who are a little behind you on the learning curve. Because the passage indicates surrounding yourself with those who are ahead can provide motivation and inspiration, helping you adopt better habits more effectively. (4)题解析： 考查主观评价。根据文章大意以及题干内容可知，除了文中提到的，你还可以通过设置每日提醒来养成一个好习惯，以确保一致性并加强你对目标的承诺。故答案是：Besides what is mentioned in the passage, you can develop a good habit by setting a daily reminder to practice the behavior, ensuring consistency and reinforcing your commitment to the goal. （四） （24-25高三上·北京通州·期中）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。 Your quest for success and happiness begins with right intentions. It culminates (达到顶点) when you reach your chosen goals. What sustains your effort in between is your determination. What carries you towards your goals is your determination. It means the firmness of purpose or intention. If there is one gift that you can give to yourself in your life to be what you want to be, it is the power of determination. Without it you are a mere passive spectator in the drama of your life. If there is one quality that makes a difference between a winner and a loser or a leader and a follower, it is the power of determination. Without it, you may dream wild dreams, but you will not accomplish much in life. If you have determination, nothing can stop you and prevent you from following your course of action to achieve your goals or realize your dreams. Obstacles may arise and obstruct your progress. They may delay your success, disturb you temporarily, and may even mislead you, but they cannot withstand the power of determination. It is the power that you generate within yourself to remain committed to your path and belief, and march towards your cherished goals. Before you take up any project or goal, you should know whether you have the determination to stick to your plans and reach your goals. Determination is your inner strength. Like the hardwood inside a tree, it gives you the power to stand tall and face the winds of turmoil. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you! You can find your way through the most difficult situations. Determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. He is not interested in being tough for toughness sake, but to overcome obstacles and reach his goals. Hence, he remains open-minded about possibilities and opportunities, but firm in his commitment (忠诚) and belief. Discipline and determination go together. If you have them, you will become unstoppable. 1. According to the passage, what is determination? 2. What would happen if one does not have determination? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in-you, and you will not make changes. 4. How does being determined benefit you? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1. Determination means the firmness of purpose or intention. 2. Without determination one might be a mere passive spectator in the drama of their life.或Without determination, one may dream wild dreams, but they will not accomplish much in life. 3. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes. According to the passage, determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. 4. can benefit a lot from being determined. It is determination that drives me to keep being hardworking, going to the best university after overcoming all the possible difficulties, and it is determination that makes my life meaningful, fruitful, and unforgettable. 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述的是决心的力量。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第一段的“What sustains your effort in between is your determination. What carries you towards your goals is your determination. It means the firmness of purpose or intention.(在这中间支撑你努力的是你的决心。带你走向目标的是你的决心。它意味着目的或意图的坚定。)”可知，决心意味着目的或意图的坚定，故答案为Determination means the firmness of purpose or intention. (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Without it you are a mere passive spectator in the drama of your life.(没有它，你只是生活戏剧中的一个被动的旁观者。)”和“Without it, you may dream wild dreams, but you will not accomplish much in life.(没有它，你可能会做一些疯狂的梦，但你不会在生活中取得多少成就。)”可知，没有决心，一个人可能只是生活戏剧中的一个被动的旁观者或者一个人可能会有疯狂的梦想，但这些梦想在生活中不会有多大成就。故答案为Without determination one might be a mere passive spectator in the drama of their life.或Without determination, one may dream wild dreams, but they will not accomplish much in life. (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据最后一段的“Determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. (决心并不意味着你对现实情况不敏感。一个有决心的人也是一个适应性强、灵活的人。)”，因此错误的部分是“you will not make changes”，因为决心并不意味着你对现实情况不敏感。一个意志坚定的人也是一个适应能力强、灵活多变的人。故答案为With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes. According to the passage, determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. (4)题解析： 开放题。通读全文后，我认为我能从坚定的信念中获益良多。是决心驱使我继续努力，克服所有可能的困难去上最好的大学，是决心让我的生活有意义，有成果，难忘，故答案为I can benefit a lot from being determined. It is determination that drives me to keep being hardworking, going to the best university after overcoming all the possible difficulties, and it is determination that makes my life meaningful, fruitful, and unforgettable. （五） （24-25高三上·北京第四中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego(自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong—it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves—without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 1. Why can’t some people apologize? 2. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. 4. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1. Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, 2. They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 3. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 4. 言之有理即可。 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人即使明知是错的也无法道歉的原因。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth.(那些不会道歉的人往往有自我价值感较低的深层感受。)”可知，有些人不能道歉是因为他们经常有很深的自卑。故答案为Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength.(不幸的是，我们中的许多人错误地将这些人的防御性理解为心理力量的标志。)”可知，许多人错误地认为一个不道歉的人是防御性的，他们认为这是一种心理力量。故答案为They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks.(在这种情况下，我们所能做的就是尽可能冷静地、令人信服地阐述自己的观点，然后在争论变得毫无意义时就退出——比如当他们不同意事实时，就想出愚蠢的借口或发表刻薄的言论。)”可知，当你试图赢得与一个不道歉的人的争论时要注意在争论变得毫无意义时退出。故答案为When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. (4)题解析： 开放题。如果你的朋友拒绝向你道歉，你所能做的。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：If they are not friends you interact with regularly, you can consider minimizing contact with them. But if they are close connections, you can accept their behavior and try to make your peace with them. （六） （24-25高三上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 I smile as soon as I am greeted by the barista (咖啡师) who knows my name and order. As I head to a table, latte in hand, I feel a lightness in my step. This is a feeling you might experience in your daily life as well. Chances are, there are people you come into contact with daily, who you may not know well but can put a smile on your face. People like this are called “consequential strangers”. They could be the neighbor you chat to or even the person you regularly make small talk with at the gym. Typically, our lives feature many consequential strangers. We may only know some of them for a short time, whereas others may become longstanding parts of our lives. Like me, counsellor Tina Chummun has found that the barista she sees regularly is an important consequential stranger to her. “I trust the feedback from the barista because she has a completely different perspective of me,” she explains. Consequential strangers can give us a space to talk about things that perhaps we don’t with other people in our lives, and to hear alternative perspectives. These interactions are emotionally beneficial as well: the consequential strangers in my life not only help me feel a stronger sense of belonging to my community but also help with loneliness. And some of these connections could potentially become supportive relationships we can turn to for help. “There are many ways that you can approach strangers and start conversations,” says Tina. “If you’re at a train station waiting for a train, you can strike up a conversation about how annoying the delay is.” You may find that this brings you into a fuller conversation, but even if you only have a fleeting exchange with someone, this is a great way to build your confidence. Of course, not every consequential stranger is going to become a good friend and that’s OK. Still, they are a valuable part of your life, able to make you smile and feel a sense of connection. And that in itself is well worth celebrating. 1. What kind of people does the term “consequential strangers” refer to? 2. How do consequential strangers contribute to the author’s emotional well-being? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are going to become your good friends. 4. Write about one of your consequential strangers and how he/she influences you.( In about 40 words) 【答案】1. It refers to the people you come into contact with daily, who you may not know well but can put a smile on your face. 2. They not only help the author feel a stronger sense of belonging to the community but also help with loneliness. 3. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are going to become your good friends. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are a valuable part of your life, able to make you smile and feel a sense of connection. 4. Possible version 1: The librarian at my community library is an important consequential stranger to me. He always greets me with a smile and extends appropriate care. I remember when I was having problems adjusting to high school life, he spotted it and encouraged me to embrace the new life bravely. Possible version 2: My consequential stranger is a friendly delivery person who always waves and asks about my day. His cheerful manner and genuine interest make me feel valued and connected to my neighborhood. His simple act of kindness brightens my day and reminds me that small interactions can make a difference. 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲的是“consequential strangers(重要的陌生人)”在我们的日常生活中的意义和作用。 (1)题解析： 考查词句猜测。根据第一段“Chances are, there are people you come into contact with daily, who you may not know well but can put a smile on your face.(很有可能，你每天都会接触到一些人，你可能不太了解他们，但他们会让你微笑。)”和第二段“People like this are called “consequential strangers”.(这样的人被称为“重要的陌生人”。)”可知，consequential strangers指的是你每天接触的人，你可能不太了解他们，但他们能让你微笑。故答案为It refers to the people you come into contact with daily, who you may not know well but can put a smile on your face.。 (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第三段“These interactions are emotionally beneficial as well: the consequential strangers in my life not only help me feel a stronger sense of belonging to my community but also help with loneliness.(这些互动在情感上也是有益的：我生活中重要的陌生人不仅帮助我对社区有更强的归属感，还帮助我缓解孤独感。)”可知，重要的陌生人对作者的情感健康的贡献是他们不仅帮助作者感受到更强烈的社区归属感，还有助于缓解孤独感。故答案为They not only help the author feel a stronger sense of belonging to the community but also help with loneliness.。 (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Of course, not every consequential stranger is going to become a good friend and that's OK. Still, they are a valuable part of your life, able to make you smile and feel a sense of connection. And that in itself is well worth celebrating.(当然，不是每个重要的陌生人都会成为好朋友，这没关系。尽管如此，他们仍然是你生活中有价值的一部分，能够让你微笑，感受到一种联系感。这本身就很值得庆祝。)”可知，不是每个重要的陌生人都会成为好朋友，但是拥有重要的陌生人是值得庆祝的，因为他们是你生活中有价值的一部分，能够让你微笑，感受到一种联系感。因此划线的部分是“they are going to become your good friends”。故答案为Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are going to become your good friends. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are a valuable part of your life, able to make you smile and feel a sense of connection.。 (4)题解析： 考查推理判断。根据自身实际情况，社区图书馆的图书管理员对我来说是一个重要而重要的陌生人。他总是微笑着和我打招呼，并给予我适当的照顾。我记得当我在适应高中生活方面遇到困难时，他发现了这个问题，鼓励我勇敢地拥抱新的生活。故答案为The librarian at my community library is an important consequential stranger to me. He always greets me with a smile and extends appropriate care. I remember when I was having problems adjusting to high school life, he spotted it and encouraged me to embrace the new life bravely.。 （七） （八） （23-24高三上·北京市北京师范大学附属中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop. From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.” Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.” “The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection. Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up. “Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore. “Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.” “If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others. Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.” 1. What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore? 2. What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time. 4. List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words) 【答案】1. Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. 2. It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships. 3. Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time. According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time. 4. I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends. 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发展和维持友谊是一项需要时间培养的技能，童年时期的亲密友谊有助于孩子的成长，家长可以采取方式帮助孩子建立友谊。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第二段“From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist.(从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受。临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔说，这种被称为心理理论的新兴能力有助于儿童交朋友)”可知，从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受，故答案为Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第四段““In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.(“成年后，寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力。”根据一项研究，成年人必须在一起50个小时左右，才能从单纯的熟人变成普通朋友；在一起90个小时后，才能把彼此视为朋友；在一起200个小时以上，才能成为拥有共同情感的亲密朋友)”可知，与儿童相比，成年人发展友谊的劣势是成年人寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力，故答案为It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships. (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”(家长可以在校外组织有趣的聚会，帮助孩子建立友谊。“方法是：观察然后参与。”肯尼迪·摩尔说。“家长应该教孩子观察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓励他们在不打断的情况下投入到行动中。”)”可知，父母应该鼓励他们的孩子观看并在不打断的情况下进入动作，而不是时不时地纠正他们，故答案为Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time. According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time. (4)题解析： 开放性题目。我会采取这样的方式来发展或维持友谊：我会直接告诉我的朋友，我想和他们谈谈，花时间和他们在一起。此外，当他们说话时，我会仔细听他们说话。最重要的是，我会让他们知道我是值得信赖的，我们可以成为更亲密的朋友。故答案为I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends. （九） （23-24高三上·北京大兴·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Just as noise pollution negatively impacts human health, it also affects wildlife. It can affect animal communication, their abilities to find food and impact where they live. A recent study published in Biology Letters found that human-created noise is affecting a wide range of animals. Noise pollution is caused by cars, trucks, airplanes, ships, factories, industrial activities and sounds from cities, among others. Researchers found that wildlife in many different land and water ecosystems showed significant responses to human-created noise. For example, bats use ultrasonic sound waves to get around and to find food. However, noise pollution affects this and causes them to spend more time and energy locating their food source. Shipping lanes in the UK can be deafening to harbor seals, and noises from ships are seriously impacting killer whales ability to find food and avoid potential dangers, according to episode 2 of CBC s Killers: J pod on the brink (边缘). And it’s no secret that many human-created conditions, like noise, are changing the behavior of birds. You may be surprised to learn that plants are also impacted, since pollinators (传粉昆虫) often relocate to quieter areas. Not unlike the impact of light pollution on insects, noise pollution is causing change. It can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas, according to The Guardian. The good news is that if noise is reduced or simply turned off, it more or less removes the issue. The impact does not remain in the same way as other forms of pollution, like plastic or chemicals. And efforts are already underway in Canada. BC Ferries is working to lessen the effects of underwater noise, especially along ferry routes that pass through critical habitats. WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society) Canada is encouraging the federal government to increase protective measures in the Arctic. They’re also working with international colleagues to address the increase of noise in the region as a result of new shipping routes. While these initiatives demonstrate progress, tightening rules and regulations around noise pollution is an important measure for conserving wildlife in Canada. 1. Why do bats spend more time looking for food? 2. What is the influence of noise pollution on ecosystems? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Noise pollution affects animals in many ways, and compared with other forms of pollution, noise pollution is harder to deal with. 4. Please give some advice on how to reduce the effects of noise pollution on animals. (In about 40 words) 【答案】1. Noise pollution affects their ability to use ultrasonic sound waves to get around and find food. 2. Noise pollution can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas. 3. Noise pollution affects animals in many ways, and compared with other forms of pollution, noise pollution is harder to deal with. According to the passage, noise pollution is not hard to deal with. The problem of noise pollution can be more or less removed by reducing noise or simply turning it off. However, plastic or chemical pollution is not that easy to get rid of because their impact can last a very long time. 4. To help animals in the sea we can establish quiet areas in the ocean, and develop quieter ships and machinery. To help animals on the land and in the air we can develop quieter cars and build noise reduction barriers around major traffic areas. 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了噪音污染对动物的影响。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解题。由文章第二段中“However, noise pollution affects this and causes them to spend more time and energy locating their food source. (然而，噪音污染影响了这一点，使它们花费更多的时间和精力来寻找食物来源。)”可知，噪音污染影响了它们利用超声波四处走动和寻找食物的能力，所以蝙蝠会花更多的时间寻找食物。故回答：Noise pollution affects their ability to use ultrasonic sound waves to get around and find food. (2)题解析： 考查细节理解题。由文章第三段中“It can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas, according to The Guardian. (据《卫报》报道，它可以改变生活在许多不同生态系统中的物种类型，从而影响这些地区的功能。)”可知，噪音污染会改变生活在许多不同生态系统中的物种类型，进而影响这些地区的功能。故回答：Noise pollution can change the types of species living in many different ecosystems, which in turn impacts the functions of these areas. (3)题解析： 考查推理判断题。由文章第四段中“The good news is that if noise is reduced or simply turned off, it more or less removes the issue. The impact does not remain in the same way as other forms of pollution, like plastic or chemicals. And efforts are already underway in Canada. (好消息是，如果减少或干脆关闭噪音，它或多或少地解决了这个问题。这种影响与其他形式的污染(如塑料或化学品)不同。在加拿大，相关努力已经在进行中。)”可知，根据这篇文章，噪音污染并不难处理。通过减少噪音或简单地关闭噪音，或多或少可以消除噪音污染的问题。然而，塑料或化学污染并不容易消除，因为它们的影响可能会持续很长时间。故回答：Noise pollution affects animals in many ways, and compared with other forms of pollution, noise pollution is harder to deal with. According to the passage, noise pollution is not hard to deal with. The problem of noise pollution can be more or less removed by reducing noise or simply turning it off. However, plastic or chemical pollution is not that easy to get rid of because their impact can last a very long time. (4)题解析： 考查开放性试题。为了帮助海洋中的动物，我们可以在海洋中建立安静的区域，并开发更安静的船只和机械。为了帮助陆地和空中的动物，我们可以开发更安静的汽车，并在主要交通区域周围建造降噪屏障。故回答：To help animals in the sea we can establish quiet areas in the ocean, and develop quieter ships and machinery. To help animals on the land and in the air we can develop quieter cars and build noise reduction barriers around major traffic areas. （十） （23-24高三上·北京房山良乡中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 1. How are habits built? 2. In what way is a routine different from a habit? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. 4. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) 【答案】1. Habits are built through learning and repetition. 2. A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge. 3. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months. 4. I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy. 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built through learning and repetition.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built through learning and repetition.。 (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.。 (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.”中“a shorter time”错误，应该为many months，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.。 (4)题解析： 开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。 【点睛】 （一） （23-24高三上·北京第十三中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Reading is one of the most critical activities anyone can engage in for his or her success in life. It is essential for both children and adults because it exposes an individual to new things and equips them to become effective problem solvers.Sometimes, reading ends being a hobby to many people, or even a career. It is from reading that exploration arises. Reading forms a fundamental part of self-improvement. Through it, people become better in understanding the world around them. It is through this vital activity that people gain a deep understanding of specific topics that are of interest to them. For instance, one can read an article or any other piece of writing on how to improve one’s self-confidence. It is thus through reading that it becomes possible for one to create a structured path towards better understanding of issues and well-informed decision making. Further, reading is crucial as it helps one to prepare to take action. Usually, before taking an action on anything, one seeks guidance and help. Guidance can be obtained from people who have gone through similar situations. However, some people turn to reading as a source of knowledge and guidance about a situation. In the 21st century,guidance and help goes a long way in influencing decision making. For example, one can read on how to cook a meal, how to play football, or even the best places to go for a vacation. In such situations, reading helps people prepare before they take any significant steps. It is also through reading that one may gain experience from other people. Since books and other reading materials are written by different people from varying backgrounds, reading exposes a reader to different experiences. Through such experiences, a reader may hasten their success towards a goal since they might avoid similar mistakes made by other people. Books contain successes, failures, and advice from different people and it is assumed that life is too short to repeat mistakes committed by other people in the past. In the case of success, one might read on the best ways to make money and avoid certain mistakes along this path. Learning about and getting to understand people who have succeeded is essential for someone who intends to follow the same path. 1. According to the author, why is reading essential for both children and adults? 2. How does reading help people to prepare before taking an action? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▷ Through reading, people may learn about different stories and experiences, so they may repeat the mistakes made by other people in the past. 4. Please present the benefits that reading has brought to you and give examples.(In about 40 words) 【答案】1. Because reading/it exposes an individual to new things and equips them to become effective problem solvers. 2. People may get guidance and help through reading books/from books before they take action/take any steps. People may turn to reading as a source of knowledge and guidance about a situation before taking action. 3. Through reading, people may learn about different stories and experiences, so they may repeat the mistakes made by other people in the past. According to the passage, people may read different stories and gain different experience through reading and it helps people to avoid(repeating) the mistakes made by other people in the past. 4. 言之有理即可。 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了阅读的重要性。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“It is essential for both children and adults because it exposes an individual to new things and equips them to become effective problem solvers.(它对儿童和成人都是必不可少的，因为它使个人接触新事物，并使他们成为有效的问题解决者。)”可知，阅读对于成人和儿童来说是必不可少的，因为阅读/它使个人接触新事物，装备他们成为有效的问题解决者。故答案为：Because reading/it exposes an individual to new things and equips them to become effective problem solvers. (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Further, reading is crucial as it helps one to prepare to take action. Usually, before taking an action on anything, one seeks guidance and help. Guidance can be obtained from people who have gone through similar situations. However, some people turn to reading as a source of knowledge and guidance about a situation.(此外，阅读是至关重要的，因为它可以帮助一个人准备采取行动。通常，在采取行动之前，人们会寻求指导和帮助。可以从经历过类似情况的人那里获得指导。然而，有些人把阅读作为一种知识和指导的来源。)”可知，在采取行动之前，人们可以通过读书获得指导和帮助。在采取行动之前，人们可能会把阅读作为知识和指导的来源。故答案为：People may get guidance and help through reading books/from books before they take action/take any steps. People may turn to reading as a source of knowledge and guidance about a situation before taking action. (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“It is also through reading that one may gain experience from other people. Since books and other reading materials are written by different people from varying backgrounds, reading exposes a reader to different experiences. Through such experiences, a reader may hasten their success towards a goal since they might avoid similar mistakes made by other people.(也正是通过阅读，一个人可以从别人那里获得经验。由于书籍和其他阅读材料是由来自不同背景的不同人写的，阅读使读者获得不同的经历。通过这样的经历，读者可能会加速他们的成功，因为他们可能会避免别人犯类似的错误。)”可知，根据文章，人们可以阅读不同的故事，通过阅读获得不同的经验，这有助于人们避免过去别人犯过的错误。由此可知，repeat应该改为avoid。故答案为：Through reading, people may learn about different stories and experiences, so they may repeat the mistakes made by other people in the past. According to the passage, people may read different stories and gain different experience through reading and it helps people to avoid(repeating) the mistakes made by other people in the past. (4)题解析： 考查开放性试题。题目要求：请给出阅读给你带来的好处，并举例说明。故答案为Reading gives me an insight into different aspects which are not limited by anyone else but me. That is to say, I can obtain almost any information from books if I want. For example, I can learn how to cook a meal for my mother’s birthday.（言之有理即可）。 （二） （23-24高三上·北京第八中学·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Digital Inclusion for Older Adults As a researcher in the behavior of older adults, I regularly hear complaints from them like, “I’m just not part of this world anymore. In certain parts of society, I just can’t join… Some things just are not possible if you are not in the flow of the Internet.” or “We feel like we’re standing outside a building that we have no access to.” Today, mastering digital technology has become a key component of what it means to fully participate in society. But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide. As a recent study shows, one-third of adults aged 65 and older say they’ve never used the Internet, and half don’t have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they need someone else’s help to set up or use a new digital device. In contrast to concerns about technology use increasing isolation(孤立；隔离) among younger populations, the communication and connection possible online can be especially valuable for older adults who are homebound, live far away from family, or have lost the loved ones. Older adults can use online tools to connect with friends and family via messaging platforms, video chat, and social media even if they can no longer physically visit them. And they can engage with the outside world through news, blogs, streaming platforms, and email, even if they are no longer able to move about as easily as they once could. For older adults in particular, the risks associated with social isolation are profound. Loneliness among older adults has been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world accessible to them. The importance of digital inclusion is not going to disappear with the generational changes of the coming decades. Technology is continuously developing, and with each new digital innovation come challenges for even younger adults to adapt. 1. What prevents some older adults from connecting with society? 2. What do the statistics in Paragraph 3 indicate? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ●Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline. 4. Please briefly present your opinion on digital inclusion. (about 40 words) 【答案】1. The digital divide. 2. The problem of the digital divide among older adults is serious/ common. 3. ●Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline. According to the passage, enabling older adults to access the digital world can help reduce the risks of depression and functional decline rather than recover from them. 4. 略 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。今天，掌握数字技术已经成为全面参与社会的重要组成部分。但有一个领域尤其有可能阻止一些老年人建立联系：数字鸿沟。老年人中的数字鸿沟问题非常严重，作者认为我们需要用数字融入来帮助老年人使用数字技术融入社会，降低抑郁症和功能衰退的风险。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide.”（但有一个领域尤其有可能阻止一些老年人建立联系：数字鸿沟。）可知，数字鸿沟阻止了一些老年人和社会建立联系。故答案为The digital divide.。 (2)题解析： 考查推理判断。根据第三段“As a recent study shows, one-third of adults aged 65 and older say they’ve never used the Internet, and half don’t have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they need someone else’s help to set up or use a new digital device.”（最近的一项研究显示，65岁及以上的成年人中，有三分之一的人说他们从未使用过互联网，有一半的人在家里无法上网。在使用互联网的人中，近一半的人说他们需要别人的帮助来安装或使用新的数字设备。）可知，第三段的数据表明在老人之中上网有困难的比例非常大，这就说明老人之中的数字鸿沟问题非常严重或普遍。故答案为The problem of the digital divide among older adults is serious/common.。 (3)题解析： 考查推理判断。根据倒第二段第二句和第三句“Loneliness among older adults has been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world accessible to them.”（老年人中的孤独与抑郁、功能衰退和死亡有关。技术可以作为帮助降低这些风险的重要工具，但前提是我们向老年人提供他们所需的技能，让他们能够进入数字世界。）可知，让老年人接触数字世界有助于减少抑郁症和功能衰退的风险，而不是从中恢复。所以“recover from”错误，应在此处画下划线。故答案为According to the passage, enabling older adults to access the digital world can help reduce the risks of depression and functional decline rather than recover from them.。 (4)题解析： 考查开放性回答。回答问题时，需要简要表述考生对数字融入的观点，注意答案字数应控制在40个单词左右。 （三） （23-24高三上·北京朝阳·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The word “motivation” comes from the Latin term motivus, “a moving cause”. It is described as the force that drives us to pursue a goal, including the desire to continue pursuing meaning, purpose, and a life worth living. It fuels competition and boosts social connection. Its absence can lead to mental illnesses such as depression. People often have multiple motives for engaging in any one behaviour. Motivation might be extrinsic. That means a person is inspired by outside forces—other people or rewards. Anything promised for completing the task or received as a result of completing the task are extrinsic motivators. Extrinsic motivation can increase motivation in the short term, but over time it may gradually decrease. Motivation can also be intrinsic. Intrinsic motivation comes purely from within, with no expected reward, deadline, or outside pressure. For example, people who are intrinsically motivated to run do so because they love the feeling of running itself. Compared to extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation tends to push people more forcefully, and the achievements are more satisfying, since it is integrated into identity and serves as a continuous source of motivation. To understand motivation, Abraham Maslow introduced the concept of hierarchy of needs (需求层次) in 1943. According to Maslow, humans are intrinsically motivated to meet physical needs, the most fundamental ones such as needs for food. Then they gradually satisfy several levels of needs from safety, to higher-order needs for love, belonging, and self-respect, and finally move to ward expressing their full potential—self-actualization, the desire to become the most that one can be. Although the generality of Maslow’s theory has been challenged, many believe it reveals fundamental truths about human motivation. No matter where motivation begins, there are always ways to increase it — whether that be your own motivation or someone else’s. Sometimes you might feel completely unmotivated — and that’s OK. In that situation, allow yourself to feel the discomfort, hear the negative self-talk, and then take action anyway. 1. What is motivation? 2. Why is intrinsic motivation more powerful? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▷According to Maslow, we are motivated by different levels of needs, starting at the lowest and the most basic level known as self-actualization needs. 4. In what way(s) do you think you can get motivated? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1. Motivation is described as the force that drives us to pursue a goal. 2. Because it is integrated into identity and serves as a continuous source of motivation. 3. According to Maslow, we are motivated by different levels of needs, starting at the lowest and the most basic level known as self-actualization needs. The lowest and the most basic level of needs is not self-actualization needs but physical needs. 4. I often get motivated in two ways. First, rewarding myself helps generate and maintain motivation. I can set small rewards for achieving small goals and larger rewards for achieving larger goals. Second, I always find inspiration in others. Learning from successful individuals constantly motivates me to be the better version of myself. 【解析】【导语】 本文是说明文。本文介绍了什么是动机，动机的种类，呼吁大家想办法增加自己的动机。 (1)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第一段“The word “motivation” comes from the Latin term motivus, “a moving cause”. It is described as the force that drives us to pursue a goal, including the desire to continue pursuing meaning, purpose, and a life worth living.(“动机”一词来自拉丁语“motivus”，意为“移动的原因”。它被描述为驱使我们追求目标的力量，包括继续追求意义、目的和有价值的生活的愿望)”可知，动机被描述为驱使我们追求目标的力量。故填：Motivation is described as the force that drives us to pursue a goal. (2)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Motivation can also be intrinsic. Intrinsic motivation comes purely from within, with no expected reward, deadline, or outside pressure. For example, people who are intrinsically motivated to run do so because they love the feeling of running itself. Compared to extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation tends to push people more forcefully, and the achievements are more satisfying, since it is integrated into identity and serves as a continuous source of motivation.(动机也可以是内在的。内在动机纯粹来自内心，没有预期的奖励、最后期限或外部压力。例如，那些有内在动力去跑步的人这样做是因为他们喜欢跑步本身的感觉。与外在动机相比，内在动机往往会更有力地推动人们，取得的成就也更令人满意，因为它与身份融为一体，是一种持续的动力来源)”可知，因为它被整合到身份中，并作为动力的持续来源，所以内在动机更强大。故填：Because it is integrated into identity and serves as a continuous source of motivation. (3)题解析： 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“To understand motivation, Abraham Maslow introduced the concept of hierarchy of needs (需求层次) in 1943. According to Maslow, humans are intrinsically motivated to meet physical needs, the most fundamental ones such as needs for food. Then they gradually satisfy several levels of needs from safety, to higher-order needs for love, belonging, and self-respect, and finally move to ward expressing their full potential—self-actualization, the desire to become the most that one can be.(为了理解动机，亚伯拉罕·马斯洛在1943年引入了需求层次的概念。根据马斯洛的理论，人类的内在动机是满足生理需求，最基本的需求，比如对食物的需求。然后他们逐渐满足几个层次的需求，从安全到更高层次的爱、归属感和自尊的需求，最后走向表达他们的全部潜力——自我实现，成为一个人所能成为的最大的人的愿望)”可知，According to Maslow, we are motivated by different levels of needs, starting at the lowest and the most basic level known as self-actualization needs.此句描述中self-actualization needs.是错误的，根据文中可知，最低和最基本的需求不是自我实现的需求，而是身体上的需求。故填：The lowest and the most basic level of needs is not self-actualization needs but physical needs. (4)题解析： 开放性问题。题目问“你认为你可以通过什么方式获得动力”，可以结合自身进行回答，合理即可，例如我们可以通过奖励自己来激励自己，也可以通过向成功人士学习不断激励我成为更好的自己。故填：I often get motivated in two ways. First, rewarding myself helps generate and maintain motivation. I can set small rewards for achieving small goals and larger rewards for achieving larger goals. Second, I always find inspiration in others. Learning from successful individuals constantly motivates me to be the better version of myself. （四） （23-24高三上·北京海淀·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 If you feel like you may be a people-pleaser, you’re not alone. In today’s highly-connected world, we have a growing obsession (痴迷) with being liked and needing to please others. People seek to please others for various reasons, including avoiding conflicts, securing feelings of being needed, and reducing fears of abandonment. And they are forced to use agreeableness as self-defense. People-pleasing behavior can lead to mental and physical health problems such as fear of rejection, frustration, anger, addictions, headaches, stomach problems, and high blood pressure. It can also result in weak boundaries, problems with decision-making and dependency. Therefore, it’s important to recognize and overcome your own people-pleasing behaviors. Here are some simple exercises that you can start working on today. Learn to love your own company. Trust that people will not abandon you, even if you don’t drop everything for them. Believing you are lovable for who you are, not what you do, means knowing that people will still be there for you even if you do not always search for ways to please them. Practice this by going to a movie or restaurant alone. Value the plans made with yourself. They are as important as plans you make with other people. Otherwise, you are sending a message to your brain that a plan you make with yourself does not hold as much value. Don’t break long-or short-term plans you make with yourself, whether it’s going to the gym or studying for an exam. Say “no” when necessary. If you’re a people-pleaser, you may find it hard to say “no” because you feel it comes across as cruel or uncaring. But it absolutely does not have to. Be clear, be direct, and use “I” statements. Try statements like: “I would really love to be able to help you, but unfortunately, I’m already committed at that time.” By consistently integrating these strategies into your life, you’ll break your people-pleasing habits and develop more healthy, interdependent relationships. 1. What is a people-pleaser like? 2. Besides mental and physical problems, what other problems may a people-pleaser suffer from? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. If you don’t want to be a people-pleaser, you should love being with others, value the plans made with yourself, and decline others’requests when necessary. 4. What do you think of the behavior of pleasing others? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1. A people-pleaser has a (growing) obsession with being liked and needing to please others. 2. A people-pleaser may suffer from weak boundaries, problems with decision-makingand dependency. 3. If you don’t want to be a people-pleaser, (you should) love being with others, value the plans made with yourself, and decline others’ requests when necessary. You should learn to love your own company. 4. I think it’s harmful to mental health. Always obsessed with being liked and ignoring the true needs of our own, we would lose ourselves and tie our worthiness to others’ approval. Once we fail to satisfy all, anxiety and frustration would creep into our minds, causing mental health issues. 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是取悦他人的人会出现的一些问题以及如何克服取悦他人的行为。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的“If you feel like you may be a people-pleaser, you’re not alone. In today’s highly-connected world, we have a growing obsession (痴迷) with being liked and needing to please others.(如果你觉得自己是一个讨人喜欢的人，那么你并不孤单。在当今这个高度互联的世界里，我们越来越痴迷于被喜欢，也越来越需要取悦他人。)”可知，取悦他人的人越来越痴迷于被人喜欢，需要取悦他人。故答案为A people-pleaser has a (growing) obsession with being liked and needing to please others. (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段的“People-pleasing behavior can lead to mental and physical health problems such as fear of rejection, frustration, anger, addictions, headaches, stomach problems, and high blood pressure. It can also result in weak boundaries, problems with decision-making and dependency.(取悦他人的行为会导致精神和身体健康问题，比如害怕被拒绝、沮丧、愤怒、上瘾、头痛、胃病和高血压。它还可能导致边界薄弱，决策问题和依赖性。)”可知，除了精神和身体上的问题，取悦他人的人还可能会边界薄弱，决策问题和依赖性。故答案为A people-pleaser may suffer from weak boundaries, problems with decision-makingand dependency. (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Learn to love your own company.(学会爱自己的陪伴。)”，第四段的“Value the plans made with yourself.(重视自己制定的计划。)”和第五段的“Say “no” when necessary.(必要的时候说“不”。)”可知，如果你不想成为取悦别人的人，你应该学会爱自己的陪伴，重视自己制定的计划，必要时拒绝别人的要求，因此错误的部分是“(you should) love being with others”，正确的应该是You should learn to love your own company，故答案为If you don’t want to be a people-pleaser, (you should) love being with others, value the plans made with yourself, and decline others’ requests when necessary. You should learn to love your own company. (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段的“People-pleasing behavior can lead to mental and physical health problems such as fear of rejection, frustration, anger, addictions, headaches, stomach problems, and high blood pressure. It can also result in weak boundaries, problems with decision-making and dependency.(取悦他人的行为会导致精神和身体健康问题，比如害怕被拒绝、沮丧、愤怒、上瘾、头痛、胃病和高血压。它还可能导致边界薄弱，决策问题和依赖性。)”并结合我个人的看法可知，我认为取悦他人对心理健康有害。总是沉迷于被人喜欢，而忽视了自己真正的需求，我们会迷失自我，把自己的价值与别人的认可联系在一起。一旦我们不能满足所有人，焦虑和沮丧就会潜入我们的脑海，导致心理健康问题，故答案为I think it’s harmful to mental health. Always obsessed with being liked and ignoring the true needs of our own, we would lose ourselves and tie our worthiness toothers’ approval. Once we fail to satisfy all, anxiety and frustration would creep into our minds, causing mental health issues. （五） （23-24高三上·北京丰台·期中）Upgrade your problems In 2017, I spent all my money buying my first flat — which meant I had no money to fix my first homeowner’s problem. I was sleeping on an air mattress because I couldn’t afford furniture. Then I no$