Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单词词组句式讲练-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单词默写 人教版必修一同步讲解练习本 1. slide _______________ 2. _______________ n. 火山 3. erupt _______________ 4. _______________ n. 水龙头；轻叩 vt.&vi.轻叩；轻敲 5. pipe _______________ 6. _______________ vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 n.哨子(声) 7. kit _______________ 8. _______________ n.百分之…… adj.&adv.每一百中 9. power _______________ 10. _______________ vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦等)受苦 11. unify _______________ 12. _______________ n.上下文；语境；背景 13. disaster _______________ 14. _______________ n.龙卷风；旋风 15. drought _______________ 16. _______________ n.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 17. tsunami _______________ 18. _______________ n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没 vt.使灌满水；淹没 19. rescue _______________ 20. _______________ vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失 21. destroy _______________ 22. _______________ vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离 23. helicopter _______________ 24. _______________ n.死亡；死 25. affect _______________ 26. _______________ n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 27. crack _______________ 28. _______________ n.气体；燃气；汽油 29. ruin _______________ 30. _______________ n.砖；砖块 31. metal _______________ 32. _______________ n.震惊；休克 vt.(使)震惊 33. electricity _______________ 34. _______________ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 35. bury _______________ 36. _______________ vi.&vt.呼吸 37. revive _______________ 38. _______________ n.努力；艰难的尝试 39. wisdom _______________ 40. _______________ vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 41. supply _______________ 42. _______________ n.台风 43. hurricane _______________ 44. _______________ adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 45. aid _______________ 46. _______________ n.突发事件；紧急情况 47. crash _______________ 48. _______________ vt.&vi.(swept, swept)打扫；清扫 49. wave _______________ 50. _______________ vi.&vt.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n.罢工；袭击 51. deliver _______________ 52. _______________ n.总结；概括；概要 53. effect _______________ 词性转换 1. erupt → ________ n.（火山）爆发 2. volcano → ________ adj.火山的 3. disaster → ________ adj.灾难性的 4. destroy → ________ n.摧毁；毁灭；________ adj.毁灭性的 5. survive → ________ n.幸存者；生还者；________ n.生存；幸存 6. wise → ________ n.智慧；才智；________ adv.明智地 7. evacuate → ________ n.疏散；撤离 8. affect → ________ n.影响；效果；________ adj.有效的 9. shock → ________ adj.(人)感到震惊；________ adj.(事物)令人震惊的 10. suffer → ________ n.苦难；痛苦；________ n.受难者；患者 11. unify → ________ adj.统一的；一体的 12. electric → ________ n.电；电能 13. revive → ________ n.复活；苏醒 14. deliver → ________ n.递送；交付；发表 15. rescue → ________ n.救援者；救助人 16. emergency → ________ adj.紧急的 单句语法填空 1.（2024 广东深圳高一期中）People hoped for the quick ________(recover) of the flood‑hit town. 2.（2025‑2026学年 江苏南京高一10月月考）Hundreds of ________(rescue) risked their own lives saving people trapped under ruins. 3.（2024 湖南长沙高一期末）The violent ________(erupt) of the volcano buried several villages under thick ash. 4.（2025‑2026学年 浙江杭州高一模块检测）When the ________(electric) went out, the whole town fell into complete darkness. 5.（2024 山东潍坊高一期中）Many local people got ________(trap) when the flood rushed into their houses. 6.（2025‑2026学年 河北石家庄高一上期中）Too much mental ________(press) will stop you from thinking clearly in face of disasters. 7.（2024 湖北武汉高一期末）The ________(evacuate) of thousands of citizens was completed before the typhoon landed. 8.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）In an ________(emerge) situation, you should stay calm and follow official instructions. 9.（2024 四川成都高一月考）Many (survive) of the earthquake were offered shelters by the local government. 10.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）(survive) in such terrible natural conditions requires great courage and strong will. 11.（2024 福建厦门高一模块检测）No one expected such a ________(disaster) flood to hit the small coastal town. 12.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）The ________(volcano) rocks covered large areas of farmland after the explosion. 13.（2024 河南郑州高一期末）The big fire brought complete ________(destroy) to the ancient wooden buildings nearby. 14.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）All the visitors felt ________(shock) at the ________(shock) scene of the ruined town. 15.（2024 安徽合肥高一月考）Many flood ________(suffer) still lack clean drinking water and daily necessities. 16.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）The ________(unify) effort of the whole nation helped the disaster‑hit area recover rapidly. 17.（2024 陕西西安高一模块检测）Doctors and nurses worked day and night for the ________(revive) of the injured victims. 18.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）This (destructive) typhoon caused huge economic losses to the southern cities. 19.（2024 辽宁沈阳高一上期中）(wise), the government took protective measures long before the disaster arrived. 20.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）He shared his ________(wise) about how to deal with natural‑disaster risks. 21.（2024 广西南宁高一期末）The local people will never forget the great ________(suffer) brought by the hurricane. 22.（2025‑2026学年 江西南昌高一10月月考）The ________(deliver) of food and medical supplies is our top task right now. 重点词组讲练 1. in ruins｜严重受损；破败不堪 课本原句：In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 讲解：固定介词短语，ruin必须用复数ruins；常用搭配 lie / be in ruins 沦为废墟，在句中作表语。 例句：After the powerful earthquake, many ancient buildings lay in ruins. 仿写：战争过后，这座古城沦为一片废墟。 ________________________________________________ 2. in shock｜震惊；吃惊 课本原句：People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 讲解：介词短语，描述人的心理状态；shock此处为不可数名词，不加冠词；be in shock 处于震惊之中。 例句：Survivors were in shock after experiencing the destructive flood. 仿写：经历这场毁灭性洪水后，幸存者们大为震惊。 ________________________________________________ 3. dig out｜挖掘；挖出 课本原句：Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 讲解：动词短语；不规则变化 dig‑dug‑dug；代词作宾语要放中间（dig them out）。 例句：Rescue workers managed to dig out several survivors from beneath broken bricks. 仿写：救援人员争分夺秒，挖出困在废墟下的幸存者。 ________________________________________________ 4. in the open air｜露天；在户外 课本原句：In the quake‑hit area, many people had to sleep in the open air without shelters. 讲解：固定介词短语；air前面定冠词the不可省略；常在句中作地点状语。 例句：With their homes destroyed, thousands of local people had to stay in the open air. 仿写：房屋被毁，大量灾民只能露宿户外。 ________________________________________________ 5. on hand｜现有；在手边 课本原句：Now for our emergency supplies, we would suggest always having enough water and food on hand. 讲解：固定短语；have sth on hand 备好/手头备有某物。 例句：You’d better keep basic daily supplies on hand when a typhoon draws near. 仿写：台风临近时，请备好基础生活物资。 ________________________________________________ 6. sweep away｜卷走；彻底摧毁 课本原句：Huge waves swept away houses and cars during the tsunami. 讲解：动词短语；不规则变化 sweep‑swept‑swept；代词放中间（sweep them away）；本义指海浪洪水卷走实物；本单元侧重自然灾害含义。 例句：The raging flood swept away dozens of houses along the riverbank. 仿写：汹涌的洪水卷走了河岸边上数十栋房屋。 ________________________________________________ 7. as if｜似乎；好像；仿佛 课本原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 讲解：连词短语，引导方式状语从句；从句既可以陈述真实情况，也可以用虚拟语气描述与现实不符的想象。 例句：He behaved as if nothing terrible had occurred. 仿写：他表现得仿佛什么糟糕的事都没有发生。 ________________________________________________ 8. suffer from｜遭受；受……之苦；患上（疾病） 课本原句：Many local people suffered from hunger and cold after the disaster. 讲解：动词短语；后接苦难、病痛类名词，侧重长期承受痛苦。 例句：Lots of homeless survivors suffered from cold in that harsh winter. 仿写：那场灾难过后，很多幸存者饱受饥寒之苦。 ________________________________________________ 9. make preparations for｜为……做准备 课本原句：People should make full preparations for the coming natural disaster. 讲解：动词词组；preparation习惯用复数；make full preparations for 为……做好充分准备。 例句：Local villagers made full preparations ahead of the typhoon’s arrival. 仿写：村民们在台风来临前做好充分准备。 ________________________________________________ 重点句型讲练 【It seemed as if … 仿佛；好像……】 · 课本原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! · 讲解：It seemed as if… 意为“似乎/仿佛……”，as if引导表语从句。从句描述与现实相反的假想场景时用虚拟语气，be动词统一用were；如果描述很有可能发生的客观事实，则可以使用陈述语气。 中译英仿写：看上去仿佛整座城镇都要被洪水吞噬。 ________________________________________________ 【everywhere 连词引导地点状语从句】 · 课本原句：Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. · 讲解：everywhere 此处用作连词，引导地点状语从句，等同于 no matter where；nothing but 固定表达，含义为“仅仅；只不过”。 中译英仿写：幸存者目之所及，尽是断壁残垣。 ________________________________________________ 【with + 宾语 + 过去分词（with复合结构，表被动完成）】 · 课本原句：With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. · 讲解：with + 名词/代词 + 过去分词 复合结构，宾语与过去分词之间为被动逻辑；常在句中作状语，表原因、伴随。 中译英仿写：在各界的鼎力支持下，灾区重建工作稳步推进。 ________________________________________________ 【make it + 形容词 + to‑do （it作形式宾语）】 · 课本原句：However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. · 讲解：make it + adj. + to do sth，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to do，用来避免句子头重脚轻；it不可替换成this或that。 中译英仿写：恶劣的路况会让救援物资的运送变得十分困难。 ________________________________________________ 【现在分词作结果状语】 · 课本原句：A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways, making many people homeless. · 讲解：主句后接现在分词doing作结果状语，用来表达前面整件事自然而然带来的结果。 中译英仿写：猛烈的地震摧毁了大量房屋，致使无数人无家可归。 ________________________________________________ 练习 · 首字母填空 请根据句意及首字母提示写出单词。 1. The violent e________ of the volcano destroyed several villages nearby. 2. Many s________ of the earthquake received help from volunteers across the country. 3. The whole town lay in r________ after the terrible hurricane hit it. 4. The rescue team worked day and night to d________ out people trapped under bricks. 5. People stood in s________ when they saw how serious the disaster was. 6. Heavy floods s________ away small houses along the river last summer. 7. Many local people s________ from cold and hunger in the disaster‑hit region. 8. Workers are making full p________ for the coming typhoon. 9. When the e________ went out, residents could do nothing but wait in darkness. 10. The local government offered food and shelters for those s________ in the flood. 11. The d________ storm caused great damage to farmland and local crops. 12. Volunteers kept basic medical supplies on h________ for sudden accidents. 13. The e________ of thousands of citizens kept them safe from the incoming tsunami. 14. It seemed a________ the whole area would be covered by the heavy mud flow. 15. Doctors tried their best for the r________ of the injured victims. · 语法填空 Passage 1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When a sudden flood hit a mountain town, roads were badly broken. Many villagers found 1.________(they) cut off from the outside world. No one expected such a 2.________(frighten) disaster to strike so quickly. The local officer called on volunteers 3.________(provide) support for homeless families. The 4.________(suffer) brought by rising water was beyond imagination. Some old houses fell down, leaving piles of bricks. 5.________ local people lacked enough daily goods, community workers shared what they had. Rescue teams arrived by helicopters. They offered help to 6.________ were still stuck in high‑risk areas. With careful arrangements, most people moved out 7.________ safety. People held the belief 8.________ everything would get better. They drew an important 9.________(conclude): early warning can greatly lower disaster losses. Nothing can take away 10. courage in face of hardship. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tangshan is a city with a moving history. Years ago, a terrible earthquake almost destroyed the whole city. Much of its ancient architecture lay in 1.________(ruin). Soldiers were sent there, 2.________(carry) tools to search for survivors. Many survivors remained 3.________(wake) throughout those terrible nights. Great damage 4.________(cause) to public facilities during the quake. Local people refused 5.________(give) in to difficulties. 6.________ great courage, they started their reconstruction work. New houses and public parks 7.________(rise) from the earthquake ruins. People will always remember 8.________ the heroes did for this city. Visitors come year after year, 9.________(reflect) on the power of human spirits in disasters. The city stands as a powerful 10.________(remind) for later generations. · 句子翻译 1.看到满目废墟，当地居民内心久久不能平静。 ________________________________________________ 2.台风来临之前，市民应当备好充足的生活物资。 ________________________________________________ 3.救援人员全力开展工作，挖出埋在瓦砾之下的幸存者。 ________________________________________________ 4.经历这场可怕的暴雨灾害之后，不少村民饱受寒冷之苦。 ________________________________________________ 5.那场巨浪卷走了河边的几处简易房屋。 ________________________________________________ 6.灾难过后，仿佛一切都要从头开始。 ________________________________________________ 7.在全社会的支持下，这座小城的重建工作有序开展。 ________________________________________________ 8.恶劣的道路条件会让物资运送变得十分艰难。 ________________________________________________ 9.村民们充分做好准备，应对即将到来的恶劣天气。 ________________________________________________ 10.很多人被困在山区，救援队正在全力开展救助。 ________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单词默写 人教版必修一同步讲解练习本 1. slide _______________ 2. _______________ n. 火山 3. erupt _______________ 4. _______________ n. 水龙头；轻叩 vt.&vi.轻叩；轻敲 5. pipe _______________ 6. _______________ vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 n.哨子(声) 7. kit _______________ 8. _______________ n.百分之…… adj.&adv.每一百中 9. power _______________ 10. _______________ vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦等)受苦 11. unify _______________ 12. _______________ n.上下文；语境；背景 13. disaster _______________ 14. _______________ n.龙卷风；旋风 15. drought _______________ 16. _______________ n.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 17. tsunami _______________ 18. _______________ n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没 vt.使灌满水；淹没 19. rescue _______________ 20. _______________ vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失 21. destroy _______________ 22. _______________ vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离 23. helicopter _______________ 24. _______________ n.死亡；死 25. affect _______________ 26. _______________ n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 27. crack _______________ 28. _______________ n.气体；燃气；汽油 29. ruin _______________ 30. _______________ n.砖；砖块 31. metal _______________ 32. _______________ n.震惊；休克 vt.(使)震惊 33. electricity _______________ 34. _______________ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 35. bury _______________ 36. _______________ vi.&vt.呼吸 37. revive _______________ 38. _______________ n.努力；艰难的尝试 39. wisdom _______________ 40. _______________ vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 41. supply _______________ 42. _______________ n.台风 43. hurricane _______________ 44. _______________ adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 45. aid _______________ 46. _______________ n.突发事件；紧急情况 47. crash _______________ 48. _______________ vt.&vi.(swept, swept)打扫；清扫 49. wave _______________ 50. _______________ vi.&vt.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n.罢工；袭击 51. deliver _______________ 52. _______________ n.总结；概括；概要 53. effect _______________ 参考答案 1. slide vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动 n.滑坡 2. volcano n. 火山 3. erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 4. tap n.水龙头；轻叩 vt.&vi.轻叩；轻敲 5. pipe n.管子；管道 6. whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n.哨子(声) 7. kit n.成套工具；成套设备 8. percent n.百分之…… adj.&adv.每一百中 9. power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 10. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 11. unify vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体 12. context n.上下文；语境；背景 13. disaster n.灾难；灾害 14. tornado n.龙卷风；旋风 15. drought n.旱灾；久旱 16. landslide n.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 17. tsunami n.海啸 18. flood n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 19. rescue n.&vt.营救；救援 20. damage vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失 21. destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭 22. evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离 23. helicopter n.直升机 24. death n.死；死亡 25. affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 26. shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 27. crack n.裂纹；裂缝 vi.&vt.(使)破裂 28. gas n.气体；燃气；汽油 29. ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏 30. brick n.砖；砖块 31. metal n.金属 32. shock n.震惊；休克 vt.(使)震惊 33. electricity n.电；电能 34. trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 35. bury vt.埋葬；安葬 36. breathe vi.&vt.呼吸 37. revive vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒 38. effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 39. wisdom n.智慧；才智 40. survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 41. supply n.供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给 42. typhoon n.台风 43. hurricane n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 44. calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 45. aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.&vt.帮助；援助 46. emergency n.突发事件；紧急情况 47. crash vt.&vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞 48. sweep vt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫；清扫 49. wave n.海浪；波浪 vi.&vt.挥手；招手 50. strike vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n.罢工；袭击 51. deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 52. summary n.总结；概括；概要 53. effect n.影响；结果；效果 词性转换 1. erupt → ________ n.（火山）爆发 2. volcano → ________ adj.火山的 3. disaster → ________ adj.灾难性的 4. destroy → ________ n.摧毁；毁灭；________ adj.毁灭性的 5. survive → ________ n.幸存者；生还者；________ n.生存；幸存 6. wise → ________ n.智慧；才智；________ adv.明智地 7. evacuate → ________ n.疏散；撤离 8. affect → ________ n.影响；效果；________ adj.有效的 9. shock → ________ adj.(人)感到震惊；________ adj.(事物)令人震惊的 10. suffer → ________ n.苦难；痛苦；________ n.受难者；患者 11. unify → ________ adj.统一的；一体的 12. electric → ________ n.电；电能 13. revive → ________ n.复活；苏醒 14. deliver → ________ n.递送；交付；发表 15. rescue → ________ n.救援者；救助人 16. emergency → ________ adj.紧急的 参考答案 1. erupt → eruption n.（火山）爆发 2. volcano → volcanic adj.火山的 3. disaster → disastrous adj.灾难性的 4. destroy → destruction n.摧毁；毁灭；destructive adj.毁灭性的 5. survive → survivor n.幸存者；生还者；survival n.生存；幸存 6. wise → wisdom n.智慧；才智；wisely adv.明智地 7. evacuate → evacuation n.疏散；撤离 8. affect → effect n.影响；效果；effective adj.有效的 9. shock → shocked adj.(人)感到震惊；shocking adj.(事物)令人震惊的 10. suffer → suffering n.苦难；痛苦；sufferer n.受难者；患者 11. unify → unified adj.统一的；一体的 12. electric → electricity n.电；电能 13. revive → revival n.复活；苏醒 14. deliver → delivery n.递送；交付；发表 15. rescue → rescuer n.救援者；救助人 16. emergency → emergent adj.紧急的 单句语法填空 1.（2024 广东深圳高一期中）People hoped for the quick ________(recover) of the flood‑hit town. 2.（2025‑2026学年 江苏南京高一10月月考）Hundreds of ________(rescue) risked their own lives saving people trapped under ruins. 3.（2024 湖南长沙高一期末）The violent ________(erupt) of the volcano buried several villages under thick ash. 4.（2025‑2026学年 浙江杭州高一模块检测）When the ________(electric) went out, the whole town fell into complete darkness. 5.（2024 山东潍坊高一期中）Many local people got ________(trap) when the flood rushed into their houses. 6.（2025‑2026学年 河北石家庄高一上期中）Too much mental ________(press) will stop you from thinking clearly in face of disasters. 7.（2024 湖北武汉高一期末）The ________(evacuate) of thousands of citizens was completed before the typhoon landed. 8.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）In an ________(emerge) situation, you should stay calm and follow official instructions. 9.（2024 四川成都高一月考）Many (survive) of the earthquake were offered shelters by the local government. 10.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）(survive) in such terrible natural conditions requires great courage and strong will. 11.（2024 福建厦门高一模块检测）No one expected such a ________(disaster) flood to hit the small coastal town. 12.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）The ________(volcano) rocks covered large areas of farmland after the explosion. 13.（2024 河南郑州高一期末）The big fire brought complete ________(destroy) to the ancient wooden buildings nearby. 14.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）All the visitors felt ________(shock) at the ________(shock) scene of the ruined town. 15.（2024 安徽合肥高一月考）Many flood ________(suffer) still lack clean drinking water and daily necessities. 16.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）The ________(unify) effort of the whole nation helped the disaster‑hit area recover rapidly. 17.（2024 陕西西安高一模块检测）Doctors and nurses worked day and night for the ________(revive) of the injured victims. 18.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）This (destructive) typhoon caused huge economic losses to the southern cities. 19.（2024 辽宁沈阳高一上期中）(wise), the government took protective measures long before the disaster arrived. 20.（2025‑2026学年 同步改编）He shared his ________(wise) about how to deal with natural‑disaster risks. 21.（2024 广西南宁高一期末）The local people will never forget the great ________(suffer) brought by the hurricane. 22.（2025‑2026学年 江西南昌高一10月月考）The ________(deliver) of food and medical supplies is our top task right now. 答案与考点解析 1. recovery 解析：定冠词the后接名词；recover v.恢复 → recovery n.复苏、恢复 句意：人们期盼这座遭受洪灾的小镇能够快速复苏。 2. rescuers 解析：hundreds of后接可数名词复数；rescue v.救援 → rescuer n.救援人员 句意：数百名救援人员冒着生命危险抢救被困在废墟之下的群众。 3. eruption 解析：定冠词the后接名词；erupt v.（火山）爆发 → eruption n.火山爆发 句意：火山猛烈的喷发把好几座村庄埋在了厚厚的火山灰之下。 4. electricity 解析：定冠词the后接名词；electric adj.电的 → electricity n.电力、电能 句意：断电之后，整座城镇陷入一片漆黑。 5. trapped 解析：get + 过去分词表被动；get trapped 被困住 句意：洪水冲进房屋时，许多当地人被困住。 6. pressure 解析：形容词mental修饰名词；press v.按压 → pressure n.压力 句意：面对灾难，过大的心理压力会让你无法清晰思考。 7. evacuation 解析：the后面接名词；evacuate v.疏散 → evacuation n.疏散撤离 句意：台风登陆前，数千市民疏散工作已经完成。 8. emergent 解析：修饰名词situation用形容词；emergency n.紧急情况 → emergent adj.紧急的 句意：遇到紧急状况，你应当保持冷静，听从官方指示。 9. survivors 解析：many后接可数名词复数；survive v.幸存 → survivor n.幸存者 句意：当地政府给很多地震幸存者提供避难场所。 10. Survival 解析：名词在句中作主语，句首首字母大写；survive v.生存 → survival n.生存 句意：在如此恶劣自然条件下生存，需要巨大勇气和坚强意志。 11. disastrous 解析：修饰名词flood，用形容词；disaster n.灾难 → disastrous adj.灾难性的 句意：没人预料到这场灾难性洪水会袭击这座沿海小镇。 12. volcanic 解析：修饰名词rocks，用形容词；volcano n.火山 → volcanic adj.火山的 句意：火山爆发之后，火山岩覆盖大片农田。 13. destruction 解析：complete形容词修饰名词；destroy v.摧毁 → destruction n.毁灭，毁坏 句意：大火给附近古老木质建筑带来彻底毁坏。 14. shocked; shocking 解析：shocked修饰人（感到震惊的）；shocking修饰事物（令人震惊的） 句意：所有到访者看到这座城镇满目疮痍的景象，都感到无比震惊。 15. sufferers 解析：many后接可数名词复数；suffer v.受难 → sufferer n.受难者、灾民 句意：很多洪灾灾民仍然缺少干净饮用水与生活必需品。 16. unified 解析：修饰名词effort，用形容词；unify v.统一 → unified adj.齐心协力的 句意：全国上下齐心协力，帮助灾区快速恢复。 17. revival 解析：the +名词；revive v.使苏醒 → revival n.复苏、苏醒 句意：医护人员日夜操劳，力求受伤受灾群众能够苏醒过来。 18. destructive 解析：修饰名词typhoon，用形容词；destroy v.摧毁 → destructive adj.毁灭性的 句意：这场毁灭性台风给南方城市造成巨大经济损失。 19. Wisely 解析：副词置于句首修饰整个句子，句首大写；wise adj.明智的 → wisely adv.明智地 句意：明智的是，政府早在灾难来临之前就采取防护措施。 20. wisdom 解析：形容词性物主代词his后面接名词；wise adj.明智的 → wisdom n.智慧 句意：他分享了如何应对自然灾害风险的智慧。 21. suffering(s) 解析：形容词great后接名词；suffer v.受苦 → suffering n.苦难，痛苦 句意：当地人永远不会忘记飓风带来的深重苦难。 22. delivery 解析：定冠词the后接名词；deliver v.递送 → delivery n.运送、交付 句意：食品和医疗物资的运送是我们当下首要任务。 重点词组讲练 1. in ruins｜严重受损；破败不堪 课本原句：In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 讲解：固定介词短语，ruin必须用复数ruins；常用搭配 lie / be in ruins 沦为废墟，在句中作表语。 例句：After the powerful earthquake, many ancient buildings lay in ruins. 仿写：战争过后，这座古城沦为一片废墟。 ________________________________________________ 2. in shock｜震惊；吃惊 课本原句：People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 讲解：介词短语，描述人的心理状态；shock此处为不可数名词，不加冠词；be in shock 处于震惊之中。 例句：Survivors were in shock after experiencing the destructive flood. 仿写：经历这场毁灭性洪水后，幸存者们大为震惊。 ________________________________________________ 3. dig out｜挖掘；挖出 课本原句：Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 讲解：动词短语；不规则变化 dig‑dug‑dug；代词作宾语要放中间（dig them out）。 例句：Rescue workers managed to dig out several survivors from beneath broken bricks. 仿写：救援人员争分夺秒，挖出困在废墟下的幸存者。 ________________________________________________ 4. in the open air｜露天；在户外 课本原句：In the quake‑hit area, many people had to sleep in the open air without shelters. 讲解：固定介词短语；air前面定冠词the不可省略；常在句中作地点状语。 例句：With their homes destroyed, thousands of local people had to stay in the open air. 仿写：房屋被毁，大量灾民只能露宿户外。 ________________________________________________ 5. on hand｜现有；在手边 课本原句：Now for our emergency supplies, we would suggest always having enough water and food on hand. 讲解：固定短语；have sth on hand 备好/手头备有某物。 例句：You’d better keep basic daily supplies on hand when a typhoon draws near. 仿写：台风临近时，请备好基础生活物资。 ________________________________________________ 6. sweep away｜卷走；彻底摧毁 课本原句：Huge waves swept away houses and cars during the tsunami. 讲解：动词短语；不规则变化 sweep‑swept‑swept；代词放中间（sweep them away）；本义指海浪洪水卷走实物；本单元侧重自然灾害含义。 例句：The raging flood swept away dozens of houses along the riverbank. 仿写：汹涌的洪水卷走了河岸边上数十栋房屋。 ________________________________________________ 7. as if｜似乎；好像；仿佛 课本原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 讲解：连词短语，引导方式状语从句；从句既可以陈述真实情况，也可以用虚拟语气描述与现实不符的想象。 例句：He behaved as if nothing terrible had occurred. 仿写：他表现得仿佛什么糟糕的事都没有发生。 ________________________________________________ 8. suffer from｜遭受；受……之苦；患上（疾病） 课本原句：Many local people suffered from hunger and cold after the disaster. 讲解：动词短语；后接苦难、病痛类名词，侧重长期承受痛苦。 例句：Lots of homeless survivors suffered from cold in that harsh winter. 仿写：那场灾难过后，很多幸存者饱受饥寒之苦。 ________________________________________________ 9. make preparations for｜为……做准备 课本原句：People should make full preparations for the coming natural disaster. 讲解：动词词组；preparation习惯用复数；make full preparations for 为……做好充分准备。 例句：Local villagers made full preparations ahead of the typhoon’s arrival. 仿写：村民们在台风来临前做好充分准备。 ________________________________________________ 仿写参考答案 1. After the war, the ancient city lay in ruins. 2. Survivors were in shock after experiencing the destructive flood. 3. Rescue workers raced against time to dig out survivors trapped beneath ruins. 4. With their homes destroyed, thousands of disaster victims had to sleep in the open air. 5. Keep basic daily supplies on hand as the typhoon draws near. 6. The raging flood swept away dozens of houses along the riverbank. 7. He behaved as if nothing terrible had occurred. 8. Lots of survivors suffered from cold and hunger after the disaster. 9. Local villagers made full preparations ahead of the typhoon’s arrival. 重点句型讲练 【It seemed as if … 仿佛；好像……】 · 课本原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! · 讲解：It seemed as if… 意为“似乎/仿佛……”，as if引导表语从句。从句描述与现实相反的假想场景时用虚拟语气，be动词统一用were；如果描述很有可能发生的客观事实，则可以使用陈述语气。 中译英仿写：看上去仿佛整座城镇都要被洪水吞噬。 ________________________________________________ 【everywhere 连词引导地点状语从句】 · 课本原句：Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. · 讲解：everywhere 此处用作连词，引导地点状语从句，等同于 no matter where；nothing but 固定表达，含义为“仅仅；只不过”。 中译英仿写：幸存者目之所及，尽是断壁残垣。 ________________________________________________ 【with + 宾语 + 过去分词（with复合结构，表被动完成）】 · 课本原句：With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. · 讲解：with + 名词/代词 + 过去分词 复合结构，宾语与过去分词之间为被动逻辑；常在句中作状语，表原因、伴随。 中译英仿写：在各界的鼎力支持下，灾区重建工作稳步推进。 ________________________________________________ 【make it + 形容词 + to‑do （it作形式宾语）】 · 课本原句：However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. · 讲解：make it + adj. + to do sth，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to do，用来避免句子头重脚轻；it不可替换成this或that。 中译英仿写：恶劣的路况会让救援物资的运送变得十分困难。 ________________________________________________ 【现在分词作结果状语】 · 课本原句：A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways, making many people homeless. · 讲解：主句后接现在分词doing作结果状语，用来表达前面整件事自然而然带来的结果。 中译英仿写：猛烈的地震摧毁了大量房屋，致使无数人无家可归。 ________________________________________________ 仿写参考答案 1. It seemed as if the whole town would be swallowed by the flood. 2. Everywhere the survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. 3. With strong support from all walks of life, reconstruction in the disaster‑hit area moved forward steadily. 4. Bad road conditions will make it very difficult to deliver rescue supplies. 5. The powerful earthquake destroyed large numbers of houses, making countless people homeless. 练习 · 首字母填空 请根据句意及首字母提示写出单词。 1. The violent e________ of the volcano destroyed several villages nearby. 2. Many s________ of the earthquake received help from volunteers across the country. 3. The whole town lay in r________ after the terrible hurricane hit it. 4. The rescue team worked day and night to d________ out people trapped under bricks. 5. People stood in s________ when they saw how serious the disaster was. 6. Heavy floods s________ away small houses along the river last summer. 7. Many local people s________ from cold and hunger in the disaster‑hit region. 8. Workers are making full p________ for the coming typhoon. 9. When the e________ went out, residents could do nothing but wait in darkness. 10. The local government offered food and shelters for those s________ in the flood. 11. The d________ storm caused great damage to farmland and local crops. 12. Volunteers kept basic medical supplies on h________ for sudden accidents. 13. The e________ of thousands of citizens kept them safe from the incoming tsunami. 14. It seemed a________ the whole area would be covered by the heavy mud flow. 15. Doctors tried their best for the r________ of the injured victims. 参考答案 1. eruption 2. survivors 3. ruins 4. dig 5. shock 6. swept 7. suffered 8. preparations 9. electricity 10. trapped 11. destructive 12. hand 13. evacuation 14. as if 15. revival · 语法填空 Passage 1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When a sudden flood hit a mountain town, roads were badly broken. Many villagers found 1.________(they) cut off from the outside world. No one expected such a 2.________(frighten) disaster to strike so quickly. The local officer called on volunteers 3.________(provide) support for homeless families. The 4.________(suffer) brought by rising water was beyond imagination. Some old houses fell down, leaving piles of bricks. 5.________ local people lacked enough daily goods, community workers shared what they had. Rescue teams arrived by helicopters. They offered help to 6.________ were still stuck in high‑risk areas. With careful arrangements, most people moved out 7.________ safety. People held the belief 8.________ everything would get better. They drew an important 9.________(conclude): early warning can greatly lower disaster losses. Nothing can take away 10. courage in face of hardship. Passage 1参考答案与解析 1. themselves 解析：反身代词；find oneself done“发现自己处于某种状态”。 2. frightening 解析：‑ing形容词修饰事物disaster，令人恐惧的。 3. to provide 解析：call on sb to do sth号召某人做某事，不定式作宾补（本篇唯一to‑do）。 4. suffering 解析：定冠词the后接名词；suffer v.遭受→suffering n.苦难。 5. When/As 解析：时间状语从句连词，当当地居民物资紧缺时。 6. whoever 解析：宾语从句引导词，从句内作主语，无论谁。 7. to 解析：介词，move out to safety转移至安全地带。 8. that 解析：同位语从句，解释belief具体内容。 9. conclusion 解析：不定冠词an修饰名词；conclude v.得出结论→conclusion n.结论。 10. their 解析：形容词性物主代词，修饰名词courage，指代村民。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tangshan is a city with a moving history. Years ago, a terrible earthquake almost destroyed the whole city. Much of its ancient architecture lay in 1.________(ruin). Soldiers were sent there, 2.________(carry) tools to search for survivors. Many survivors remained 3.________(wake) throughout those terrible nights. Great damage 4.________(cause) to public facilities during the quake. Local people refused 5.________(give) in to difficulties. 6.________ great courage, they started their reconstruction work. New houses and public parks 7.________(rise) from the earthquake ruins. People will always remember 8.________ the heroes did for this city. Visitors come year after year, 9.________(reflect) on the power of human spirits in disasters. The city stands as a powerful 10.________(remind) for later generations. Passage 2参考答案与解析 1. ruins 解析：固定搭配in ruins沦为废墟。 2. carrying 解析：现在分词作伴随状语；soldiers和carry为主动关系。 3. awake 解析：形容词作表语；remain awake难以入眠。 4. was caused 解析：一般过去时被动语态；damage与cause是被动关系。 5. to give 解析：refuse to do sth拒绝做某事（本篇唯一to‑do）。 6. With 解析：介词with，凭借、怀着。 7. rose 解析：一般过去时；rise“兴建，崛起”，不规则变化rise‑rose‑risen。 8. what 解析：宾语从句引导词，在从句内作did的宾语。 9. reflecting 解析：现在分词作伴随状语，主语visitors与reflect主动关系。 10. reminder 解析：形容词修饰名词；remind v.提醒→reminder n.警示。 · 句子翻译 1.看到满目废墟，当地居民内心久久不能平静。 ________________________________________________ 2.台风来临之前，市民应当备好充足的生活物资。 ________________________________________________ 3.救援人员全力开展工作，挖出埋在瓦砾之下的幸存者。 ________________________________________________ 4.经历这场可怕的暴雨灾害之后，不少村民饱受寒冷之苦。 ________________________________________________ 5.那场巨浪卷走了河边的几处简易房屋。 ________________________________________________ 6.灾难过后，仿佛一切都要从头开始。 ________________________________________________ 7.在全社会的支持下，这座小城的重建工作有序开展。 ________________________________________________ 8.恶劣的道路条件会让物资运送变得十分艰难。 ________________________________________________ 9.村民们充分做好准备，应对即将到来的恶劣天气。 ________________________________________________ 10.很多人被困在山区，救援队正在全力开展救助。 ________________________________________________ 参考答案 1. Seeing everything in ruins, the local residents could not calm down for a long time. 2. Before the typhoon arrives, citizens should have enough daily supplies on hand. 3. Rescue workers tried their best to dig out survivors trapped under bricks. 4. After this terrible rain‑storm disaster, many villagers suffered from cold. 5. The huge waves swept away several simple houses along the river. 6. After the disaster, it seemed as if everything had to start all over again. 7. With support from the whole society, reconstruction of the small town went on in an orderly way. 8. Poor road conditions will make it very difficult to deliver supplies. 9. Villagers made full preparations for the coming bad weather. 10. Many people are trapped in mountain areas, and rescue teams are making every effort to offer help. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $