Unit 4 Natural Disasters重点单词句式一遍过 2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦自然灾害主题，通过派生词梳理、语法填空及微写作，系统整合词汇转换与语法应用，提升语言运用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |派生词梳理|13组派生词|词形转换（动/名→形/副等）|构词法逻辑（词性派生链条）| |单句语法填空|15题（含高考改编题）|语境语法应用（词形/时态/固定搭配）|真题与应用结合（考点迁移）| |微写作翻译练习|6题|主题翻译（灾害应对场景）|词汇语法整合（主题表达）|

学生版 Round1:派生词梳理 1. evacuate v. 疏散，撤出，撤离 → n. __________ 疏散，撤出，撤离 2. death n. 死，死亡 → __________ adj. 死的，失去生命的 → __________ adj. 垂死的 → __________ adj.（可能）致命的 adv.极其，非常 → __________ v.死亡 3. affect v. 影响，（疾病）侵袭，深深打动 → __________adj. 情感的→ __________n. 喜爱，钟爱 4. shock v.（使）震惊 n.休克，令人震惊的事，震惊 → __________ adj. 令人震惊的 → __________ adj.感到震惊的 5. breathe v. 呼吸 → __________ adj.（令人）气喘吁吁的，（令人）屏息的 → __________ n. 呼吸 6. wisdom n. 智慧，才智 → __________ adj. 明智的，充满智慧的 → __________ adv. 明智地 7. suffer v.遭受，蒙受，（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 → __________ n. 折磨，苦难 adj. 患病的，遭受挫折的 8. survive v. 生存，存活，幸存，艰难度过 →__________ n. 幸存 → __________ n. 幸存者 9. power n. 电力供应，能量，力量，控制力 → __________adj. 强壮的，强有力的 → __________ adj.无能为力，无权的 10. strike(struck-struck/stricken) v. 侵袭，突击，击打，打动 n. 罢工，罢课，袭击→__________ adj. 引人注目的，异乎寻常的，显著的→____________________ adj. 遭受袭击的，受灾的 11. deliver v. 递送，传达，接生，发表（演说） →__________ n. 递送，交付 12. effect n. 结果，效果，影响 → __________ adj. 有效的，起作用的 → __________adv. 有效地，起作用地，实际上 13. length n. 长度，长 →__________ v.（使）变长 → __________ adj. 长的 Round2: 单句语法填空 1. Our school held an earthquake __________(evacuate) drill, which enhanced student preparedness. [应用文写作·地震疏散演练] 2. ①I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the __________ (die) yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. [2021年全国甲卷·改编] ②We __________ (stick) in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. [2022年新高考I卷·改编] 3. ①Though overtourism is described as a problem __________ (affect) the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. [2024年新高考II卷·改编] ②However, when a cat is looking for __________ (affect), they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. [2024年全国甲卷·改编] 4. ①The wildfire spread through the entire forest at a __________ (shock) speed, leaving a trail of destruction in its wake. [应用文写作·自然灾害新闻报道] ②The villagers were __________ (shock)by the suddenness of the landslide, which buried several homes under tons of earth and bricks. [应用文写作·自然灾害新闻报道] ③_____ their shock, the once vibrant town was left in ruins after the hurricane's strike. [应用文写作·自然灾害新闻报道] ④After witnessing the ruinous effects of the tornado, the residents stood ____ shock, struggling to comprehend the extent of the destruction. [应用文写作·自然灾害新闻报道] 5. ①When we paused to catch our __________ (breathe), Steve got down on one knee. [2022年全国甲卷·改编] ②And please make sure that you can see and breathe _________ (easy) if you wear masks.[2024年全国甲卷·改编] 6. ①In more technical terms, the __________ (wise) of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. [2023年新高考I卷·改编] ②For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. [2023年全国甲卷·语法填空] ③Confucius traveled throughout the country, imparting his wisdom to countless disciples and leaving a profound impact _____ Chinese society. [2023年全国甲卷·应用文] ④Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources __________ (wise). [2021年新高考I卷·改编] 7. ①Needless to say, I __________ (suffer) a lot. [2021年1月浙江·改编] ② He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered __________ terrible back pain. [2024年新高考I卷·改编] ③It is also being used to help patients __________ (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind. [2022年新高考I卷·改编] 8. ①But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I __________ (survive). [2021年1月浙江卷·改编] ②The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall _______ has survived China’s long history. [2021年全国甲卷·语法填空·改编] ③Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the __________(survive) of our natural resources. [2021年新高考I卷·改编] 9. ①He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run ____ solar and electric power. [2021年新高考II卷·改编] ②All of the people appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most __________ (powerful) through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. [2023年全国乙卷·改编] 10. ①The researchers described “__________(strike) changes” in the geography of BMI. [2021年1月浙江卷·改编] ②The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently __________ (strike) a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. [2021年新高考I卷·改编] 11. ①How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk __________ (delivery)? [2021年全国乙卷·改编] ②Dad smiled. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood __________ (deliver) food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. [2021年新高考I卷·改编] 12. ①Language researchers say pronunciation and fluency are the biggest barriers followed by grammar in __________ (effect) spoken English. [2021年6月浙江卷·改编] ②And the more tools we have, the ______________(effective) and insightful we can become. [2021年6月浙江卷·改编] 13. ①You choose which __________ (long) you want and it gives you a receipt—like short story. [2024年新高考II卷·改编] ②To ensure everyone's safety during the emergency evacuation, the school decided to __________ (length) the fire escape routes. [应用文写作·应对灾害的安全措施] ③The city council agreed to install __________ (long) emergency escape ladders on high-rise buildings than before to improve evacuation times during disasters. [应用文写作·应对灾害的安全措施] Round 3: 微写作翻译练习 1. 地震疏散过程中，人们迅速而有序地离开了建筑物。 _____________________________, people left the buildings quickly and orderly. 2. 地震后，救援队伍努力寻找被困在废墟下的人们。 After the earthquake, ___________________________________________________. 3. 幸运的是，我们有一些必需品随时可用，这在紧急情况下帮了大忙。 _____________________________________, which came in handy during the emergency. 4. 一个有效的应急计划可以减少自然灾害造成的损失。 ___________________________________________caused by natural disasters. 5. 总之，了解如何应对自然灾害是每个人的责任。 ____________, understanding how to deal with natural disasters is everyone's responsibility. 6. 自然灾害发生时，情况似乎总是超出我们的控制，仿佛我们无能为力。 During natural disasters, things seem to be always beyond our control __________________. 教师版 Round1:派生词梳理 1. evacuate v. 疏散，撤出，撤离 → n. evacuation 疏散，撤出，撤离 2. death n. 死，死亡 → dead adj. 死的，失去生命的 → dying adj. 垂死的 → deadly adj.（可能）致命的 adv.极其，非常 → die v.死亡 3. affect v. 影响，（疾病）侵袭，深深打动 → affective adj. 情感的→ affection n. 喜爱，钟爱 4. shock v.（使）震惊 n.休克，令人震惊的事，震惊 → shocking adj. 令人震惊的 → shocked adj.感到震惊的 5. breathe v. 呼吸 → breathless adj.（令人）气喘吁吁的，（令人）屏息的 → breath n. 呼吸 6. wisdom n. 智慧，才智 → wise adj. 明智的，充满智慧的 → wisely adv. 明智地 7. suffer v.遭受，蒙受，（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 → suffering n. 折磨，苦难 adj. 患病的，遭受挫折的 8. survive v. 生存，存活，幸存，艰难度过 →survival n. 幸存 → survivor n. 幸存者 9. power n. 电力供应，能量，力量，控制力 → powerful adj. 强壮的，强有力的 → powerless adj.无能为力，无权的 10. strike(struck-struck/stricken) v. 侵袭，突击，击打，打动 n. 罢工，罢课，袭击→ striking adj. 引人注目的，异乎寻常的，显著的→ striken/stricken adj. 遭受袭击的，受灾的 11. deliver v. 递送，传达，接生，发表（演说） → delivery n. 递送，交付 12. effect n. 结果，效果，影响 → effective adj. 有效的，起作用的 → effectively adv. 有效地，起作用地，实际上 13. length n. 长度，长 → lengthen v.（使）变长 → long adj. 长的 Round2: 单句语法填空 1. Our school held an earthquake evacuation(evacuate) drill, which enhanced student preparedness. [应用文写作·地震疏散演练] 2. ①I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead (die) yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. [2021年全国甲卷·改编] ②We were stuck (stick) in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. [2022年新高考I卷·改编] 3. ①Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting (affect) the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. [2024年新高考II卷·改编] ②However, when a cat is looking for affection (affect), they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. [2024年全国甲卷·改编] 4. ①The wildfire spread through the entire forest at a shocking (shock) speed, leaving a trail of destruction in its wake. [应用文写作·自然灾害新闻报道] ②The villagers were shocked (shock)by the suddenness of the landslide, which buried several homes under tons of earth and bricks. [应用文写作·自然灾害新闻报道] ③To their shock, the once vibrant town was left in ruins after the hurricane's strike. [应用文写作·自然灾害新闻报道] ④After witnessing the ruinous effects of the tornado, the residents stood in shock, struggling to comprehend the extent of the destruction. [应用文写作·自然灾害新闻报道] 5. ①When we paused to catch our breath (breathe), Steve got down on one knee. [2022年全国甲卷·改编] ②And please make sure that you can see and breathe easily (easy) if you wear masks.[2024年全国甲卷·改编] 6. ①In more technical terms, the wisdom (wise) of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. [2023年新高考I卷·改编] ②For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) to teach (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. [2023年全国甲卷·语法填空] ③Confucius traveled throughout the country, imparting his wisdom to countless disciples and leaving a profound impact on Chinese society. [2023年全国甲卷·应用文] ④Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely (wise). [2021年新高考I卷·改编] 7. ①Needless to say, I suffered (suffer) a lot. [2021年1月浙江·改编] ②He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. [2024年新高考I卷·改编] ③It is also being used to help patients suffering (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind. [2022年新高考I卷·改编] 8. ①But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I survived (survive). [2021年1月浙江卷·改编] ②The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. [2021年全国甲卷·语法填空·改编] ③Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival (survive) of our natural resources. [2021年新高考I卷·改编] 9. ①He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. [2021年新高考II卷·改编] ②All of the people appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully (powerful) through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. [2023年全国乙卷·改编] 10. ①The researchers described “striking (strike) changes” in the geography of BMI. [2021年1月浙江卷·改编] ②The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck (strike) a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. [2021年新高考I卷·改编] 11. ①How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries (delivery)? [2021年全国乙卷·改编] ②Dad smiled. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood delivering (deliver) food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. [2021年新高考I卷·改编] 12. ①Language researchers say pronunciation and fluency are the biggest barriers followed by grammar in effective (effect) spoken English. [2021年6月浙江卷·改编] ②And the more tools we have, the more effective (effective) and insightful we can become. [2021年6月浙江卷·改编] 13. ①You choose which length (long) you want and it gives you a receipt—like short story. [2024年新高考II卷·改编] ②To ensure everyone's safety during the emergency evacuation, the school decided to lengthen (length) the fire escape routes. [应用文写作·应对灾害的安全措施] ③The city council agreed to install longer (long) emergency escape ladders on high-rise buildings than before to improve evacuation times during disasters. [应用文写作·应对灾害的安全措施] Round 3: 微写作翻译练习 1. 地震疏散过程中，人们迅速而有序地离开了建筑物。 During the earthquake evacuation, people left the buildings quickly and orderly. 2. 地震后，救援队伍努力寻找被困在废墟下的人们。 After the earthquake, rescue teams made efforts to find people trapped under the ruins. 3. 幸运的是，我们有一些必需品随时可用，这在紧急情况下帮了大忙。 Fortunately, we had some necessities on hand, which came in handy during the emergency. 4. 一个有效的应急计划可以减少自然灾害造成的损失。 An effective emergency plan can reduce the damage caused by natural disasters. 5. 总之，了解如何应对自然灾害是每个人的责任。 In summary, understanding how to deal with natural disasters is everyone's responsibility. 6. 自然灾害发生时，情况似乎总是超出我们的控制，仿佛我们无能为力。 During natural disasters, things seem to be always beyond our control as if we were powerless. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $