2027届高三英语总复习题组快练二十一

题组层级快练(二十一) Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。氮肥流失导致水体污染与土壤退化，传统农业面临环境挑战。伊利诺伊大学团队通过9年田间试验证明：三年轮作模式(玉米—大豆—冬小麦)可减少50%硝酸盐流失，同时维持产量并改善土壤健康。该研究为农业可持续发展提供了生态解决方案。 1. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，氮肥以硝酸盐的形式随水流失，造成下游水体污染，导致墨西哥湾大面积低氧区域的形成。由此可知，研究前Gentry发现氮肥会以硝酸盐形式随水流失，造成水污染。 2. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段后两句可知，从2015年至2023年期间，研究团队在两块采用传统玉米—大豆轮作模式的农田上开展了实验。与此同时，他们在相邻地块上实施了更为集约化的三年轮作模式：首年种植玉米，次年轮作全季大豆，第三年则轮作冬小麦。由此可知，本段主要向我们说明了研究人员关于轮作研究的具体安排。 3. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，农民与科学家长期致力于探索减少农田氮流失的方法，但传统方案往往会削弱氮肥肥效。而化肥生产成本高昂，因此更明智的策略是将氮肥留在农田中，不让其形成硝酸盐而随水流失。由此可推知，画线词汇在此处意为“削弱”。 4. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“This study... soils”可知，更多样化的作物轮作有利于土壤健康。 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。夜间活动的飞蛾是重要的授粉者，保护蛾类对生态系统至关重要。 5. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“the University of Sussex researchers have discovered that moths are particularly vital pollinators for nature”和第三段中的“moths are making an important contribution during the short hours of darkness”可知，苏塞克斯大学的研究人员发现，飞蛾是自然界特别重要的传粉者，它们在短暂的黑夜里做出了重要的贡献。由此可推知，研究人员主要关注飞蛾的传粉贡献。 6. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While the moths made fewer visits during the shorter summer nights, achieving only 15% of the visits, they were able to pollinate the flowers more quickly”和第三段中的“the researchers concluded that moths are more efficient pollinators than day－flying insects such as bees”可知，虽然在较短的夏夜，飞蛾的访花次数较少，仅占总访花次数的15%，但它们能够更快地为花朵授粉。研究人员得出结论，相比白天飞行的昆虫(如蜜蜂)，飞蛾是更有效的传粉者。由此可知，与蜜蜂相比，飞蛾的传粉速度更快。 7. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Now we need to take action to support them by planting brambles and other flowering plants, growing rough grass, and turning off night lights”可知，要保护飞蛾就要关闭夜间灯，由此可知，人造光会对飞蛾造成威胁。 8. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中的“Moths are important pollinators”可知，飞蛾是自然界特别重要的传粉者，再根据最后一段中的“Pollinating insects are a vital part of many ecological communities and a very important part of the natural ecosystem”可知，这个研究旨在告诉我们，帮助飞蛾对生态系统至关重要。 Ⅱ.七选五 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种适合在小空间内种植蔬菜的方法，以帮助人们在有限的空间内实现家庭蔬菜的收获。 1. 答案　E 解析　设空处前文指出，空间不足不应成为自己在家种菜的障碍，许多蔬菜园艺创意可以帮助人们最大化利用空间并收获新鲜蔬菜。结合下文给出的具体建议可知，E项“利用这些方法，让你的每一寸空间都能发挥作用”既承接上文的“small vegetable garden ideas”又引出下文具体的空间利用方法，逻辑合理。 2. 答案　B 解析　设空处前一句说几乎所有蔬菜植物在盆中都能长得很好，后面则介绍了盆的推荐尺寸(18英寸深、24英寸宽)，说明设空处应对“如何选盆”作出提示或强调。B项“选择合适的容器”直接引出后面对尺寸的具体要求，形成从概述到具体的逻辑，衔接自然。 3. 答案　F 解析　本段建议挑选单位面积产量高的蔬菜。前面以pole beans为例，强调其爬架特性使其更适合小空间种植。F项“茄子和辣椒在小空间里也能高产”举例说明其他小空间高产的蔬菜，进一步扩展例证，补充说明pole beans之外的选择，内容承接紧密。 4. 答案　A 解析　本段介绍“连续播种”的方法。设空处前句为该术语的定义，后句具体解释了如何套种凉季和暖季蔬菜。A项“它是这样运作的”引出后文的具体操作说明，与后面的例子之间构成自然的解释关系，逻辑顺畅。 5. 答案　D 解析　设空处所在段落讨论“向上生长”的方法，前句强调要避免蔬菜在地上蔓延，以节省地面空间。后文提到用棉布条把植物的茎绑到架子上，那么设空处应体现首先做什么(首先得有架子且放置好)，D项“种植时在植物附近放置架子”是后续绑茎操作的前提，符合向上生长的步骤逻辑。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在孩子生病时承受巨大压力，最后通过园艺得以解压。 1. 答案　D 解析　根据“my children ... had various medical conditions”可知，孩子患有各种疾病，因此作者的压力很大。注：condition在此意为“疾病”，是可数名词。 2. 答案　C 解析　根据“I wrote about ...”和“I joined support groups ...”可知，这些是作者应对压力的方式。 3. 答案　B 解析　根据“plans to overcome them”可知，作者制定了克服困难的计划。 4. 答案　A 解析　根据“my pains by reading books”可知，作者通过读书来逃避痛苦。 5. 答案　B 解析　根据“many techniques”和“helped me greatly: I dug holes in my back yard”可知，此处指对作者帮助很大的应对措施，strategy与techniques构成近义复现。 6. 答案　C 解析　根据“rocky, hard soil”可知，坚硬的岩石土壤让挖掘变得很费力。demanding在此是形容词，意为“要求高的，需要技能的，费力的”。 7. 答案　A 解析　见下题解析。 8. 答案　D 解析　根据“helped me with my stress”和“I could sleep peacefully at night”可知，挖大而圆的坑使作者得到极大的满足感，担忧也随之消失。 9. 答案　B 解析　根据前两段中的“I dug holes in my back yard”和“making big, round holes”可知，作者在这些坑里种下了沙仑玫瑰和梨树。 10. 答案　D 解析　根据“planted roses of Sharon and pear trees”可知，作者慢慢开始学习园艺，下文中的Gardening为提示。 11. 答案　A 解析　根据与之并列的think和listen to my heart可知，作者可以在这个安静的地方思考、聆听内心、清醒头脑。 12. 答案　C 解析　根据“spiritually and physically”可知，well－being符合语境，意为“健康”，这个单词的英文释义是the state of feeling healthy and happy，包含身心健康。 13. 答案　C 解析　根据上文中的“helped me with my stress”和“it gave me a wonderful relief from my problems”可知，作者的院子让她感到放松。 14. 答案　B 解析　根据第一段中的“I used many techniques”可知，作者创造出的自然之美是出于应对压力的愿望而产生的。 15. 答案　A 解析　根据第一段中的“helped me greatly: I dug holes in my back yard”以及接下来作者具体介绍在院子里挖坑给自己的情绪带来的改变可知，这一切都始于挖坑。 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年高三英语总复习题组快练(二十一) Ⅰ.阅读理解 For the highest crop production, watering systems are needed across Illinois. Unfortunately, nitrogen, an important crop fertilizer(肥料), can be lost from the soil with water in the form of nitrate(硝酸盐), traveling from fields to streams. “As a result, the downstream waters, some of which supply drinking water for nearby communities, will be polluted. Nitrates are then carried down major rivers like the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, contributing to a large area with low oxygen levels，” said Lowell Gentry, a researcher at the University of Illinois. Later, with Eric Miller, a grower and landowner in Illinois, Gentry’s team designed a study to see if a more varied crop rotation(轮作) could reduce nitrate loss. From 2015 to 2023, they conducted their study on two traditionally managed fields under a corn and soybean rotation. The more intensive three－year rotation system was employed on a neighboring field planted with corn, followed by full－season soybeans, then winter wheat. Growers and scientists have spent a long time seeking ways to reduce nitrate loss from agricultural lands, but those approaches always mean growers would deplete the fertilizing power of the nitrate.“It’s very expensive to make fertilizer, so I think it’s much more strategic to try to keep the nitrogen in the field and not let it leave in the first place，” Gentry said. In Gentry’s study, the researchers saw a 50% reduction in nitrate losses with the three－year rotation compared to the normal rotation. The team found this reduction was achieved without productivity loss. Over time, Gentry also noted that the traditionally managed fields sometimes held standing water after heavy rains, while the experimental fields did not. “I think it is the fact that earthworms are now plentiful in varied crop rotations，” Gentry said. “It’s interesting to note that both rotations used the same chemicals, so we know it’s not the chemicals that kill them.” “This study is a test showing that a more varied rotation can really benefit farming as well as the environment. Hopefully, recreating conditions that improve the natural processes of soil generation will turn around the long－term reduction in the organic matter content across agricultural soils，” said Gentry. 1. What problem did Gentry find before conducting the study? A. Overuse of chemical fertilizers. B. High costs of watering systems. C. Reduced agricultural productivity. D. Water pollution from fertilizer loss. 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The benefits of crop rotations. B. The impact of nitrate on agriculture. C. The arrangement of the rotation study. D. The planting method of different crops. 3. What does the underlined word “deplete” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A. Restore.　　　　　 B. Weaken. C. Recognize. D. Improve. 4. What can be inferred from the results of the study? A. Varied crop rotations better soil health. B. Rotation patterns decide fertilizer usage. C. Reduced chemical use improves soil quality. D. Bad weather primarily reduces harvest output. Amid widespread concern about the decline of wild pollinating(传粉的) insects like bees and butterflies, the University of Sussex researchers have discovered that moths(飞蛾) are particularly vital pollinators for nature. Studying 10 sites in the South East of England throughout July 2021, they found that 83% of insect visits to bramble(黑莓灌木) flowers were made during the day. While the moths made fewer visits during the shorter summer nights, achieving only 15% of the visits, they were able to pollinate the flowers more quickly. As a result, the researchers concluded that moths are more efficient pollinators than day－flying insects such as bees. While day－flying insects have more time available to spread pollen, moths are making an important contribution during the short hours of darkness. Professor Fiona Mathews, co－author of this research, says, “Sadly, many moths are in serious decline in Britain, affecting not just pollination but also food supplies for many other species ranging from bats to birds. Our work shows that simple steps, such as allowing brambles to flower, can provide food sources for moths, and we’ll be rewarded with a crop of blackberries. Everyone’s a winner！” Dr Max Anderson, who was a PhD student at the University of Sussex, says, “Moths are important pollinators, but they are greatly under－appreciated and under－studied. The majority of pollination research tends to focus on day－flying insects, with little understanding of what happens at night. Now we need to take action to support them by planting brambles and other flowering plants, growing rough grass, and turning off night lights.” Pollinating insects are a vital part of many ecological communities and a very important part of the natural ecosystem. Therefore, researchers are calling for the UK public to do their bit to protect them. 5. What was the primary focus of the researchers’ study? A. The contribution of moths. B. The decline of bees and moths. C. The importance of bramble flowers to moths. D. The habitat of moths in the South East of England. 6. What did the researchers discover about moths in comparison with bees? A. They were declining in numbers more slowly. B. They visited flowers more frequently. C. They had more time available to spread pollen. D. They pollinated flowers at a faster rate. 7. Which of the following can pose a threat to moths? A. Rough grass. B. Artificial light. C. Flowering plants. D. Day－flying insects. 8. What does the text mainly want to tell us? A. Bees are rather important pollinators. B. Day－flying insects are in serious decline. C. Supporting moths is crucial for the ecosystem. D. Protecting brambles benefits both moths and bees. Ⅱ.七选五 Don’t let a lack of space discourage you from a homegrown vegetable harvest this season. There are lots of small vegetable garden ideas that can help you maximize your space and fill your kitchen with fresh, delicious produce. __1__． ·Plant a container garden Almost every vegetable plant will grow well in a pot. __2__—the best pots are at least 18 inches deep and 24 inches wide. Increase your harvest by increasing the number of pots. Group the pots together near a water source for easy care. ·Maximize production space When choosing vegetables for your small garden, look for plants that have a high rate of fruiting compared to the growing space they demand. Pole beans, for example, are more productive in a small space than bush beans because they can climb up a trellis(架) and produce fruit along the way. __3__． ·Pair cool－season and warm－season vegetables Called succession sowing(连续播种), this planting method pairs cool－season crops with warm－season crops to share garden space. __4__： when a cool－season crop, such as lettuce, is nearing maturity, a warm－season crop, such as beans, is planted beside the almost－ready－to－harvest crop. When the lettuce is harvested, the beans take over the growing space. ·Grow upward Prevent vegetables from spreading out on the ground and maximize in－ground planting space by training vegetables to grow up a trellis. __5__. Then use pieces of cotton cloth to loosely tie stems(茎) to the trellis as necessary. Cucumbers, tomatoes, peas, and climbing beans produce fruit well on a trellis. A. It works like this B. Choose proper containers C. Repeat the process in cool seasons D. Put a trellis in place near the plant at planting time E. Use these ideas to put every bit of space you have to use F. Eggplant and peppers are also productive in a small space G. Trellising is especially important when growing tomatoes Ⅲ.完形填空 When my children were young, they had various medical conditions. It was __1__. I used many techniques to __2__ my troubles. I wrote about my feelings and struggles, __3__ plans to overcome them. I joined support groups and formed friendships with parents experiencing similar difficulties. I __4__ from my pains by reading books. And there was a __5__ that helped me greatly: I dug holes in my back yard. The rocky, hard soil made for __6__ digging, and that helped me with my stress. I got great __7__ in making big, round holes. My worries were __8__ and I could sleep peacefully at night. As time went on, I planted roses of Sharon and pear trees in those __9__. I slowly began learning about __10__， which offered me a quiet place where I could work, think, listen to my heart and __11__ my head. Gardening was something I could control; it gave me a wonderful relief from my problems. My hobby was good for my yard and my __12__： spiritually and physically. I never would have believed that my yard could be so __13__. I am blessed that I am surrounded by natural beauty, which was created out of a(n) __14__ to handle stress. Gardening kept me strong, and it all __15__ with digging a hole! 1. A. unfair B. dangerous C. boring D. stressful 2. A. talk about B. apply to C. deal with D. look into 3. A. canceling B. outlining C. reviewing D. overseeing 4. A. escaped B. benefited C. learned D. recovered 5. A. project B. strategy C. combination D. reason 6. A. disturbing B. occasional C. demanding D. adequate 7. A. satisfaction B. freedom C. confidence D. respect 8. A. expressed B. unfolded C. done D. gone 9. A. parks B. holes C. yards D. camps 10. A. laboring B. caring C. forgiving D. gardening 11. A. clear B. shake C. lower D. turn 12. A. behavior B. problem－solving C. well－being D. appearance 13. A. colorful B. spacious C. relaxing D. convenient 14. A. ability B. desire C. tradition D. opportunity 15. A. started B. settled C. stayed D. survived 7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $