Unit 2 Getting along 单元核心知识点精讲精练2(Grammar)-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册（新教材外研版）

Unit 2 Getting along 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar)-(现在完成时) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Grammar 精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · 本资料设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握英语语法知识。 1、 单元重点语法解析 1. 现在完成时的核心用法 (1) 现在完成时可以表示以前某个时间发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。（本部分已经在上个单元重点学习了） 如：They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚刚到机场。 (2) 现在完成时还可以表示某个行为或状态从过去某时间开始，一直持续到现在完成。（本单元重点学习） 如：They have lived there since 1999. 自1999年以来，他们就一直住在这里。 2. 现在完成时时间标志词 (1) for+时间段 for表示持续，后接时间段，表示持续一段时间。 如：I’ve lived here for ten years.我在这住了十年了。 He has exercised for a long time. 他已经锻炼了很长一段时间了。 (2) since+时刻 since表示“自从...”，后接时间点。since可用用作介词，后接表示时间点的名词或名词短语。 since也可以用作连词，后接时间状语从句。 如：Mum hasn’t visited the museum since last September. 自从去年9月份，妈妈就没有再参观过 博物馆。 Grandpa has lived alone since Grandma passed away. 自从奶奶去世，爷爷一个人居住。 (3) in/over/during the past/last few years；in recent years in/over/during the past/last few years表示“在过去的几年以来”，类似用法：in the last five months “在过去的5个月以来”。 in recent years表示“近年来”。 如：Our city has made great changes in the past few years.在过去的几年以来，我们的城市有了巨大 变化。 Many people have bought new energy cars in recent years.近年来，很多人买了新能源汽车。 (4) 其他标志词 · already, yet表示“已经” already表示“已经”，用于肯定句；yet用于否定句或疑问句尾，意为“尚未，还没有”。 如：Some workers have watered all the flowers already. 一些工人已经浇过花了。 Have you finished your task yet? 你已经完成任务了吗？ · just表示“刚刚” 如：The bus to the theatre has just left! 去剧院的车刚刚走。 · recently,lately表示“近期，最近” 如：Our government has done a lot to make our city more lively recently.最近，我们的政府做了很多 工作，让我们的城市变得更加热闹。 · up to now, so far, to date表示“迄今为止，到目前为止” 如：To date, we have received over 200 replies.到目前为止，我们已收到200多封回信。 3. 对于现在完成时时间状语的提问 现在完成时用于表示某行为或动作从过去某时刻持续到现在时，常和相应的时间状语搭配使用。 对现在完成时时间状语的提问，我们通常用how long，表示“多长时间”。 如：How long have you lived here? 你在这住了多长时间了？ How long have you had the bike? 这辆车你拥有多长时间了？ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Over the past five years, more than five hundred thousand girls ________ financial support from CCTF to achieve their educational dreams. A．get B．got C．will get D．have got 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的五年里，超过五十万名女孩从中国儿童少年基金会获得了经济支持来实现她们的教育梦想。 根据时间状语“Over the past five years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在或对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时。 (2) Tony can communicate with us more easily now, because he ________ Chinese for a year. A．is learning B．learns C．will learn D．has learned 【答案】D 【详解】句意：托尼现在能更轻松地与我们交流了，因为他已经学了一年中文了。 根据时间状语“for a year”及前文“now”可知，学习中文的动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并对现在的状况产生了影响，应用现在完成时，has learned符合句意。 (3) —________ has your grandpa had the habit of taking a walk after supper? —For about ten years. That’s why he is still so healthy at seventy. A．How often B．How long C．How soon D．How far 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你爷爷晚饭后散步的习惯保持多久了？—— 大约十年了。这就是为什么他七十岁了还这么健康。 How often多久一次，询问频率；How long多长，多久；How soon多久以后；How far多远。根据答语“For about ten years.”可知，回答表示一段时间，对时间段提问应用How long。 (4) —Have you finished reading the book I lent you last week? —Not yet. I ________ the first three chapters. A．have just read B．just read C．will just read D．am just reading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你读完我上周借给你的那本书了吗？——还没有。我刚刚读完前三章。 考查现在完成时。根据问句“Have you finished...?”和答语“Not yet”可知，回答者尚未读完，但强调“刚刚读完前三章”，表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响，应使用现在完成时，且“just”常与完成时连用。故选A。 (5) Shenzhou-23 ________ into space several weeks ago, and it ________ lots of important tasks up to now. A．flew; finished B．flew; has finished C．has flown; finished D．has flown; has finished 【答案】B 【详解】句意：神舟二十三号几周前飞入太空，到目前为止它已经完成了许多重要任务。 第一空“several weeks ago”是过去时间标志，用一般过去时flew；第二空“up to now”是现在完成时标志，主语it搭配has finished。 (6) —The number of tourists ________ over 23 million this year in Harbin. —Yes. A large number of them ________ here since the winter holiday. A．reaches; have come B．reach; has come C．reaches; come D．reach; have come 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——哈尔滨今年游客数量超过2300万。——是的。自从寒假以来，大量游客来到这里。 the number of表示“……的数量”，作主语谓语用单数，第一空用reaches；a large number of表示“大量的”，修饰复数名词，作主语谓语用复数，句中since提示用现在完成时，第二空用have come。 4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别 (1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在没有联系。 如：Linda has watched the film. 琳达已经看过这部电影了。(强调现在已经知晓电影的内容) Linda watched the film last Sunday.琳达上周日看了这部电影。(只表明上周日看了这部电影， 不涉及现在的情况) (2) 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, three days ago,just now, in 1999等。 现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，现在完成时常与recently, so far/up to now(到目前为 止), already/yet, for 10 years等连用。 如：He played volleyball with his friends last night.他昨晚和他的朋友打排球了。 He has learnt about 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止，他已经学习了大约1000个英文单 词。 (3) 有少数时间状语既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，选择哪种时态需要根据上下文情境而定。 如：I discussed with Mr. Green this morning. I’ve discussed with Mr. Green this morning. 第一句用过去时，表明说话的时候已不是上午，即上午已过去。第二句用现在完成时，表明 说话的时候还是上午，即说话时的时间跟现在相关。 (4) 某一行为或状态持续多长时间，根据其终止时间的不同，需使用不同的时态。 如：I have stayed here for threes days now.我在这待了三天了。(stay的动作一直持续到现在，故用 现在完成时。) I stayed here for three days last summer. 我去年夏天在这待了三天。(stay的动作发生在去年 夏天，故用一般过去时) [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) He ________ born in 2008, and he ________ playing football since he was 6. A．was; has liked B．is; likes C．was; liked D．is; has liked 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他出生于2008年，并且从6岁起就喜欢踢足球。 was是（am/is的过去式）；has liked喜欢（现在完成时）；is是；likes喜欢（一般现在时三单）；liked喜欢（一般过去式）。be born表示出生，出生发生在过去，主语he，be动词用was；since he was 6是现在完成时的时间标志，主语he，用has liked。 (2) He ________ the city only once before, so he ________ his way to the museum very easily yesterday. A．has visited; has found B．visited; has found C．has visited; found D．visited; found 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他以前只去过这座城市一次，所以昨天他很容易就找到了去博物馆的路。 第一空根据时间状语before可知，表示过去的经历，常用现在完成时；第二空根据时间状语yesterday可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。 (3) —______ you ______ your homework yet? —Yes, I ______ it just now. A．Did; do; finished B．Have; done; have finished C．Have; done; finished D．Will; do; finish 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你已经做完作业了吗？——是的，我刚才写完的。 考查现在完成时和一般过去时。根据“yet”可知，第一个问句用现在完成时；答语中“just now刚才”可知，应用一般过去时的标志，故选C。 (4) —Could I have a look at your new bicycle? —Sorry. I _______ it to Alice. She _______ to borrow it this morning. A．have lent; will come B．lent; will come C．lent; came D．have lent; came 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我可以看一看你的新自行车吗？——抱歉。我已经把它借给爱丽丝了。今天早上她来借的。 考查动词时态。根据“Could I have a look at your new bicycle”及“Sorry. I … it to Alice”可知，第一个句子用现在完成时表示过去完成的动作对现在造成的影响，排除B和C选项。根据“this morning”可知，第二个空填动词过去式，故选D。 (5) —What do you think of the hotel near the beach in Sanya? —Quite good. I ________ in it for a week last summer. A．have stayed B．will stay C．stayed D．stay 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得三亚海滩附近的那家酒店怎么样？——相当好。去年夏天我在那里住了一周。 根据时间状语“last summer”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，要填stayed。 5. 延续性动词与非延续性动词 (1) 延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词表示的动作能够延续。如：sleep；stay；keep；own等。 非延续性动词表示的动作是短暂性，通常发生即结束。如：begin；arrive；buy；borrow等 (2) 当现在完成时与表示持续性时间的状语连用时，该句中的动作或状态需要持续，因而需与延续性动词连用。否定句不受此限制。 如：The baby has slept for five hours. 小孩已经睡了五个小时了。 I haven’t left here for three years. 我已经三年没离开这里了。 (3) 当现在完成时与表示持续性时间的状语连用时，动词是非延续性动词时，在肯定句中要转化成延续性动词或表示状态的动词短语。 常见的转换如下： 非延续性动词 延续性动词或短语 非延续性动词 延续性动词或短语 become be borrow keep buy have put on wear get to know know catch a cold have a cold leave be away go out be out die be dead open be open start/begin be on finish be over fall asleep be asleep join be in/ be a member of make friends be friends get married be married 如： I have bought the book for 10 years. 上句是错句。应改为：I have had the book for 10 years. The film has begun for 10 minutes. 上句是错句。应改为：The film has been on for 10 minutes. [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) The film ________ for a few minutes. Hurry up, or we’ll miss too much. A．has finished B．has started C．has been over D．has been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这部电影已经开始几分钟了。快点，否则我们会错过很多内容。 has finished已经结束（短暂性动词，不能与“for+时间段”连用）；has started已经开始（短暂性动词，不能与“for+时间段”连用）；has been over已经结束（延续性动词短语）；has been on已经开始/上演（延续性动词短语）。根据“for a few minutes”可知，需用延续性动词短语；结合“we’ll miss too much”（会错过很多），说明电影已开始，应填has been on。 (2) — What a nice watch! How long ________ you ________ it? — For just two weeks. A．will; buy B．have; had C．were; having D．have; bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——多么漂亮的手表！你拥有它多长时间了？—— 仅仅两周。 根据疑问词“How long”和答语“For just two weeks.”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词必须是持续性动词。buy是瞬间性动词，不能与时间段连用，故排除D项；A项是一般将来时，C项是过去进行时，时态不符。have表示“拥有”，是持续性动词，符合语境。故选B。 (3) —How long have you ________ this book? —For two weeks. I ________ it from the school library. A．borrowed; borrowed B．kept; borrowed C．kept; kept D．borrowed; kept 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这本书你借了多久了？——两周了。我是从学校图书馆借的。 borrowed借；kept保留，保存。“How long”提问时间段，与延续性动词连用，borrow是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，需换成延续性动词keep。第一空用kept；第二空描述从图书馆借的动作，用一般过去时borrowed。 (4) —________ did your uncle leave for the capital of Denmark? —Let me see. He ________ for nearly 20 months. A．When; has left B．How long; has left C．When; has been away D．How long; has been away 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你叔叔什么时候动身去丹麦首都的？——让我看看。他已经离开近20个月了。 考查特殊疑问句和现在完成时。when什么时候；how long多长时间。根据“leave for”可知，leave是短暂性动词，不可以和how long连用，排除BD；根据“for nearly 20 months.”可知，和一段时间连用，应用leave对应的延续性动词be away，故选C。 (5) —How long has Mr White ________ Joan? —I’m not sure. Maybe they ________ five years ago. A．married to; got married B．been married to; got married C．married; married to D．been married; got married 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——怀特先生和琼结婚多久了？——我不确定。也许他们五年前结了婚。 第一空：“How long”询问时间段，需用延续性动词。be married to sb.表示已婚状态，可与时间段连用，且主语Mr White为单数，助动词用has，因此填been married to。第二空：“five years ago”表示过去时间点，应用短暂性动词的过去式got married。 6. have been to / have gone to / have been in用法区别 (1) have been to 表示"曾经去过某地"，已从该地回来。 如：I have been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次了。 (2) have gone to表示"已经去了某地"，表示去了某地还没有回来，或在去某地的过程中。 如：It can’t be Mr. Green. He has gone to Ningbo. 不可能是格林先生，他去宁波了。 (3) have been in 表示"待在某地（现在还没走）"，侧重持续状态。 如：He has been in Shanghai for three years. 他在上海已经三年了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —Where is your sister? I can’t find her anywhere. —My sister ________ Paris for a business trip this week, but I ________ there twice before. A．has been to; has gone B．has gone to; have been C．has been to; has been D．has gone to; have gone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你姐姐在哪里？我到处找不到她。——我姐姐本周去了巴黎出差。我之前去过那里两次。 have/has gone to表示去了某地尚未回来；have/has been to表示去过某地已经回来。根据“I can’t find her anywhere”可知，姐姐不在现场，因此答语第一句表示姐姐去了巴黎还没回来，第一空用has gone to；根据“twice before”可知，表示经历（去过某地如今已回），且主语是 I，第二空用have been。 (2) —Where is your brother? —He ________ Nanjing. He will come back next week. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．went 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你哥哥在哪里？——他去南京了。他下周回来。 has been to表示去过某地，现在已经回来；has gone to表示已经去了某地，现在还没有回来；has been in表示待在某地；went表示去了，一般过去时。根据问句“Where is your brother?”以及回答“He will come back next week.”可知，哥哥现在是去了南京尚未回来，所以此处应用has gone to。 (3) —Where is your father? —He ________ to Beijing for a meeting. He ________ back in two days. A．has gone; comes B．has been; came C．has gone; will come D．has been; will come 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你父亲在哪里？——他去北京开会了。他两天后回来。 has gone to表示去了某地未回；has been to表示去过某地已回。根据“Where is your father?”，父亲不在现场，第一空应用has gone；根据时间状语“in two days”，两天后，表示将来，第二空应用一般将来时will come。故填has gone; will come。 (4) —I haven’t seen your father for several days. —Oh, he ________ Suqian on business for a week. A．has been in B．has gone in C．has been to D．has gone to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我好几天没见到你父亲了。——哦，他去宿迁出差已经一周了。 has been in在某地待了多久，强调状态，常与一段时间连用；has gone in搭配错误；has been to去过某地，已回，不能与一段时间连用；has gone to去了某地，未回，不能与一段时间连用。句中“for a week”表示一段时间，说明爸爸仍在宿迁，应填has been in。 (5) —Where is your father? —He ________ Beijing on business. He ________ there for two days. A．has gone to; has been B．has been to; has been C．has gone to; has been in D．has been to; has been in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你父亲在哪里？——他出差去北京了。他在那里已经两天了。 has gone to去了某地（未回）；has been to去过某地（已回）；has been (in+地点)待在某地。问“Where is your father?”，父亲不在说话的地方，应是去北京了，第一空用has gone to，排除 B、D 选项；第二空后there是副词，前面不加介词in，且表示待了两天用has been，排除C选项。 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) —Our hometown ________ a lot in the last few years. —Yes. And a new railway station will be built here next year. A．developed B．is developing C．has developed D．will develop 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们的家乡在过去的几年里已经发展了很多。——是的。而且明年这里将建造一个新的火车站。 in the last few years是现在完成时的标志词，强调从过去持续到现在的变化，结构为“have/has done”。主语Our hometown是第三人称单数，助动词用has，应填has developed。 (2) For centuries, Chinese people ________ the story of Liu Bei’s three visits to Zhuge Liang from Romance of the Three Kingdoms. A．know B．knew C．have known D．will know 【答案】C 【详解】句意：几个世纪以来，中国人一直知道《三国演义》中刘备三顾茅庐的故事。 For centuries表示“几个世纪以来”，是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，现在完成时的结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语Chinese people为复数，助动词用have。应填have known。 (3) —Where is your cousin? —He ________ Shanghai for five days and he won’t be back until next week. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．went to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你表弟在哪里？——他在上海待了五天了，下周才回来。 has gone to去了（还未回来）；has been to去过（已回来）；has been in一直在（待在某个地方）；went to去了（一般过去时）。根据“for five days”可知，此处表示一段时间，且根据“he won’t be back until next week”可知他还在上海，应用has been in表示待在某地。 (4) — When ________ Mary ________? — She ________ for two years. A．did; marry; has married B．does; marry; is married C．did; marry; has been married D．has; married; has been married 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——玛丽什么时候结婚的？——她已经结婚两年了。 第一句由When引导，询问过去具体结婚时间，应用一般过去时，助动词用did，动词用原形marry；第二句中有“for two years”时间段，需用现在完成时，且marry是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，需转化为延续性状态be married，故用has been married。应填did; marry; has been married。 (5) They ________ here since the holiday ________. A．volunteered; started B．have volunteered; have started C．volunteered; have started D．have volunteered; started 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从假期开始以来，他们就一直在这里做志愿者。 since引导时间状语从句时，遵循“主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时”的原则。主句主语是They，助动词用have，volunteer变为过去分词volunteered；从句表示过去的时间点，start用过去式started。应填have volunteered；started。 (6) My mum once ________ junk food for a month and ________ much fitter after that period. A．give up; feel B．gives up; feels C．gave up; felt D．is giving up; feeling 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈曾经戒掉垃圾食品一个月，在那段时间之后感觉健康多了。 根据句中关键词“once”和“after that period”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；“and”连接两个并列的谓语动词，时态应保持一致，“give”的过去式是“gave”，“feel”的过去式是“felt”；因此选择“gave up; felt”。 (7) iQIYI Land ________ for several months on the banks of the Grand Canal in Yangzhou, but we ________ there so far. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been open; haven’t been to D．has been opened; haven’t been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：爱奇艺乐园在扬州大运河岸边已经开放几个月了，但到目前为止我们还没去过那里。 根据“for several months”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且动词需为延续性动词或状态，open作动词是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，其延续性状态为be open，故排除A、D选项；第二空there是副词，前面不能加介词to，排除C选项，haven’t been there表示“没去过那里”，符合语境。故选B。 (8) —Where is Judy? I haven’t seen her for days. —She ________ Shanghai. She’ll be back next week. A．has been at B．has been to C．has gone to D．has gone in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——朱迪在哪里？我好几天没见到她了。——她去了上海。她下周回来。 has been at错误搭配；has been to去过某地（已返回）；has gone to去了某地（未返回）；has gone in错误搭配。根据后句“She’ll be back next week”可知，她还未回来，说明她“去了”上海，应填has gone to。 (9) You are welcome! In fact, I ________ the Healthy Mind Club for half a year. That’s where I learned all these. A．have joined B．have begun C．have been in D．have been on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不客气！事实上，我已经在健康心灵俱乐部待了半年了。我就是在那里学到这些的。 have joined已经加入；have begun已经开始；have been in已经在……里面（持续了一段时间）；have been on（节目、活动等）已经开始进行。根据时间状语“for half a year”可知，句子强调状态持续了一段时间，谓语动词需用延续性动词。join和begin是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用；be in表示状态，是延续性动词，符合语境。 (10) —How long ________ you ________ the book? —For about one week. I borrowed it from Bengbu library last Saturday. A．have; kept B．have; borrowed C．do; keep D．will; keep 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这本书你保留多久了？——大约一周。我上周六从蚌埠图书馆借的。 kept保留、持有（延续性动词）；borrowed借（短暂性动词）。根据答句“For about one week.”可知，问句询问持续时长，需用延续性动词keep，且时态为现在完成时，应填have; kept。 (11) —Bob, it seems that we haven’t seen Andy for a long time. —Yes, he as well as his parents ________ Xiamen for about a week, but they came back yesterday. A．went to B．stayed in C．has gone to D．have been in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——鲍勃，我们好像很久没见到安迪了。——是的，他和他的父母在厦门待了大约一周，但他们昨天回来了。 went to去了；stayed in待在；has gone to去了某地（还未回来）；have been in待在某地（强调经历或一段时间）。根据“but they came back yesterday”可知，动作发生在过去且已结束，应用一般过去时。根据“for about a week”可知，谓语动词需用延续性动词，went是瞬间动词，stayed是延续性动词。应填stayed in。 (12) Qingdao is a beautiful seaside city and the number of visitors ________ since last year. A．increased B．has increased C．will increase D．was increasing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：青岛是一个美丽的海滨城市，自从去年以来游客的数量已经增加了。 根据句中时间状语“since last year”可知，句子表示动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。A项为一般过去时；B项为现在完成时；C项为一般将来时；D项为过去进行时。只有B项符合语境和语法结构。应填has increased。 2. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) Most of my classmates ________ (not fly) to any foreign countries up to now. 【答案】haven’t flown 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我的大多数同学还没有乘飞机去过任何外国。时间状语“up to now”提示用现在完成时，主语“Most of my classmates”为复数，否定形式为“haven’t + 过去分词”。fly的过去分词为flown，故填haven’t flown。 (2) AI ________ (make) a big difference to the whole world over the past few years. 【答案】has made 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，人工智能给整个世界带来了巨大的改变。固定搭配make a difference意为有作用或影响。句中“over the past few years”为现在完成时的标志性时间状语，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或对现在造成的影响，因此本句应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语“AI”为单数，助动词用has，动词make的过去分词为made，故填has made。 (3) Uncle Wang is an artist himself and he __________ (work) as a guide in the museum for 10 years. 【答案】has worked 【详解】句意：王叔叔自己就是一名艺术家，他在博物馆担任导游已经10年了。所给动词为work“工作”，时间状语“for 10 years”表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”；主语he为第三人称单数，助动词用has，work的过去分词为worked。故填has worked。 (4) They __________ (be) in this village since 10 years ago. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：他们自从十年前就住在这个村子里。句中“since 10 years ago”是现在完成时标志性时间状语，代表动作从过去延续至今，空格在句中作谓语，主语They为复数，be的过去分词形式为been，现在完成时复数主语搭配have，故填have been。 (5) Can you tell me how long you have ________ (borrow) the novel Gulliver in Lilliput? 【答案】kept 【详解】句意：你能告诉我你借《格列佛在小人国》这本书多久了吗？how long提问一段时间，句中动词需用延续性动词。borrow“借入”是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用。keep“保管，持有”，延续性动词，过去分词是kept。故填kept。 (6) My parents ________ (marry) for 16 years, so they know each other very well. 【答案】have been married 【详解】句意：我父母结婚16年了，所以他们彼此非常了解。marry意为“结婚”，是动词，根据“for 16 years”可知，句子是现在完成时，且谓语动词要用延续性动词，此处用have been married表示结婚的状态持续了16年。 (7) The old man has been ________ (die) for ten years. 【答案】dead 【详解】句意：这位老人已经去世十年了。根据“has been...for ten years”可知，此处表示状态持续，应用延续性形容词；die是短暂性动词，其延续性形容词为dead，与has been构成系表结构，表示“已去世”的状态。故填dead。 (8) It’s been five years since he __________ (begin) to learn English. 【答案】began 【详解】句意：自从他开始学英语已经五年了。根据句意以及“It’s been five years since…”可知，本句的句型为：lt has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时态的句子。begin的过去式为began。故填began。 (9) He ________ (not leave) yet. He is still learning in the classroom. 【答案】hasn’t left 【详解】句意：他还没有离开，仍在教室里学习。根据“yet”可知，此处用现在完成时态，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，助动词用“has”，否定形式为“hasn’t”；“leave”的过去分词是“left”。故填hasn’t left。 (10) My sister ________ (be) to the Great Wall twice. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：我妹妹去过长城两次。句中的twice（两次）是现在完成时的标志词，表示“过去的动作对现在的影响”（即“已经去过两次”）。主语My sister是第三人称单数，现在完成时的结构为has+过去分词。be动词的过去分词been，用于现在完成时。 (11) —Where’s Tommy? —He ________ (go) to the city library with friends. He’ll be back this afternoon. 【答案】has gone 【详解】句意：——Tommy在哪里？——他和他的朋友去了城市图书馆。他今天下午会回来。 根据“He … (go) to the city library with friends.”可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示“去了某地”，其结构为have/has gone to，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has gone。 (12) —I didn’t see you speak much during the summer holiday. —I went to Xiamen on 1st August. I ________ (stay) there for two weeks. 【答案】stayed 【详解】句意：——暑假期间我没怎么见到你。——我8月1号去了厦门，在那里待了两周。句中的didn’t和went都表明时态为一般过去时，因此动词stay需使用过去式stayed。 3. 根据要求完成句子 (1) We have learned English for nearly seven years.(用since改写句子) We have learned English ________ nearly seven years ________. 【答案】 since ago 【详解】句意：我们学习英语差不多有七年了。for+时间段，表示动作持续了多久，since+时间点，表示动作从何时开始。原句要用since改写，需将其转化为时间点，即“将近七年前”，英语表达为nearly seven years ago。故填since；ago。 (2) Tom has lived here since six years ago. (改为同义句) Tom has lived here ________ six ________. 【答案】 for years 【详解】句意：汤姆住在这里已经六年了。现在完成时中表示持续时间可用“since+时间点”或者“for+时间段”，因此since six years ago的同义表达是for six years。 (3) My dad bought this computer two years ago. (用for改写句子) My dad ________ ________ this computer for two years. 【答案】 has had 【详解】句意：我爸爸两年前买了这台电脑。“for two years.”是一段时间，需用现在完成时“have/has+动词的过去分词”，且动词需用延续性动词。原句中bought是buy的过去式，为短暂性动词，需转为对应的延续性动词have，其过去分词为had，主语My dad是第三人称单数，助动词用has。 (4) The charity shops opened many years ago. (用for many years改写句子) The charity shops have ________ ________ for many years. 【答案】 been open 【详解】句意：这些慈善商店很多年前开业了，已经营业很多年了。for many years是现在完成时标志，短暂性动词open需转换为延续性状态be open；现在完成时结构为have/has + 过去分词，be的过去分词是been。故依次填been；open。 (5) Kitty and her parents lived in Beijing two years ago. (用for two years改写句子) Kitty and her parents ________ ________ in Beijing for two years. 【答案】 have lived 【详解】句意：Kitty和她的父母两年前住在北京。“for two years”是现在完成时的时间标志，现在完成时结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“Kitty and her parents”是复数，助动词用have；“live”的过去分词是lived。故填have；lived。   (6) He has already booked the tickets for Disneyland online. (改为一般疑问句) ________ he booked the tickets for Disneyland online ________? 【答案】 Has yet 【详解】句意：他已经在网上订了去迪士尼乐园的票。现在完成时中，has提到句首首字母需大写，构成一般疑问句，already要变yet且放句末。故填Has；yet。 (7) Larry joined the army three months ago. (用since three months ago来改写) Larry has ________ ________ the army since three months ago. 【答案】 been in 【详解】句意：拉里三个月前参军了。join“参加”是非延续性动词，与for/since连用时要改为：be in ，它的现在完成时结构是：have/has been in。故填been；in。 (8) The first dolphin show started half an hour ago. （句型转换） The first dolphin show has ________ ________ for half an hour. 【答案】 been on 【详解】句意：第一只海豚表演半个小时前开始了。根据转换句中的“for half an hour”可知时态为现在完成时，其结构为has/have+done，并且动词用延续性动词；原句中的谓语动词为started，其延续性动词为be on，be的过去分词为been。故填been；on。 (9) This small town has changed a lot since one year ago. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ has it been since this small town changed a lot? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：自一年前以来，这个小城镇发生了很大的变化。划线部分“since one year ago”表示“自一年前以来”，强调从过去某一时间点开始的时间段，用特殊疑问词how long提问。故填How；long。 (10) He has been like this for two days.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ has he been like this? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：他像这样已经两天了。本题的时态是现在完成时，其构成是：have/has+现在分词，句尾for two days表示的是一段时间，对它提问，可以使用how long，how位于句首需大写首字母。故填How；long。 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法填空 A I love being a volunteer! I (1) (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I (2) (help) out at over ten different sports events. I (3) (make) many new friends and I (4) even (5) (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I (6) (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium (7) (be) so big that they (8) (get) lost. I gave them directions and they (9) (smile) and (10) (thank) me warmly. Before they left, I (11) (ask) them to sign a football for me, and they (12) (do)! They said they were happy to meet a fan from a different country! 【答案】 (1)have worked (2)have helped (3)have made (4)have (5)met (6)met (7)was (8)got (9)smiled (10)thanked (11)asked (12)did 【导语】本文通过讲述作者作为体育组织志愿者的经历，强调了志愿服务的收获与意义。 【详解】 （1）句意：我热爱做志愿者！到现在为止，我已经在一个体育组织工作了快三年了。句中“for almost three years now”表示从过去持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时，强调动作的持续性。 （2）句意：自从我开始（做志愿者），我就一直在帮助训练残疾运动员。“Since I started”是现在完成时的典型时间标志，表明动作从过去开始，持续到现在，需用现在完成时。 （3）句意：我交了很多朋友，甚至遇到了很多著名运动员。“even”连接并列的谓语，前半句“have made”为现在完成时，后半句也需用现在完成时，表示到目前为止的经历。 （4）句意：我交了很多朋友，甚至遇到了很多著名运动员。“and”连接并列谓语，主语为“I”，“make friends”是从过去到现在的经历，需用现在完成时，该空与后面的“met”共同构成现在完成时，应填助动词have。 （5）句意：我交了很多朋友，甚至遇到了很多著名运动员。“even”递进说明另一个经历，与“have made”并列，需用现在完成时，表示到目前为止的结果，此处使用meet的过去分词met。 （6）句意：例如，上个月我在训练时遇到了两名国家级足球运动员。“last month”明确表示过去的时间点，描述过去发生的具体动作，需用一般过去时。 （7）句意：体育场太大了，他们迷路了。描述过去发生的客观事实（体育场的状态），需用一般过去时，主语“the stadium”为单数，be 动词用过去式。 （8）句意：体育场太大了，他们迷路了。“so...that...”引导结果状语从句，主句为一般过去时，从句也需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的结果。 （9）句意：我给他们指了路，他们笑了，还答应给我带一个足球。“and”连接并列谓语，与“gave”时态一致，描述过去的动作，需用一般过去时。 （10）句意：我给他们指了路，他们笑了，还答应给我带一个足球。“and”连接并列谓语，与“smiled”时态一致，描述过去的承诺，需用一般过去时。 （11）句意：我给他们指了路，他们笑了，还答应给我带一个足球。固定搭配“promise to do sth.”表示“承诺做某事”，此处需用动词不定式。 （12）句意：他们真的做到了！他们说很高兴遇到一位来自不同国家的球迷。指代前文“promised to bring a football”的动作，用助动词替代，描述过去发生的事实，需用一般过去时。 B A long time ago, there was a city. High above the city (1) (stand) a large statue (雕塑) called the Happy Prince. His body was covered with gold, and a red jewel (宝石) hung (2) his waist (腰). One cold night, a little bird flew alone over the city. All the other birds were in Egypt. When he saw the statue, he (3) (stop) between the prince’s feet to rest. (4) (sudden), a few drops (滴) of water fell on him. He looked up and saw tears (5) (fall) from the prince’s eyes. “Why are you crying?” asked the little bird. “Far away from here,” said the prince (6) a sad voice, “there is a small house near a river. Through an open window, I can see a woman sitting at a table, making (7) (dress) for rich people. Her little boy (8) (lie) on a bed. He is very ill. He is crying because his mother can only give him water from the river. Little bird, will you take my red jewel to the woman?” “My friends are waiting for me in Egypt,” said the little bird. “Little bird, little bird,” said the prince, “please do this for me. The boy is crying and his mother is very (9) (happy).” The prince looked very sad, and the little bird felt sorry for him. The little bird took the red jewel from the prince’s waist and flew to the small house. He flew in and put the red jewel on the table. Then the little bird flew back to the prince and said, “It is strange. It is very cold, but I feel quite warm.” “That is because you (10) (do) a good thing,” said the prince. 【答案】 (1)stood (2)from (3)stopped (4)Suddenly (5)falling (6)in (7)dresses (8)is lying (9)unhappy (10)have done 【导语】本文节选自《快乐王子》，讲述很久以前城市上空矗立着快乐王子的雕像，一个寒夜，一只掉队的小鸟来到雕像脚下休息，发现王子正在流泪。王子向小鸟讲述贫苦人家的困境，请求小鸟帮助苦难的母子，小鸟完成善事后内心感到温暖的故事。 【详解】 （1）句意：城市的高空矗立着一座叫作快乐王子的巨大雕像。这是故事开篇，全文为一般过去时；这是倒装句，主语a large statue，stand是动词，意为“站、矗立”，要用一般过去式stood。 （2）句意：他的全身覆盖黄金，一颗红色宝石悬挂在他的腰间。固定搭配hang from意为“从……悬挂下来”，此处填介词from。 （3）句意：当他看见这座雕像，他停在王子双脚之间休息。故事叙述过去发生的事情，通篇一般过去时，stop是动词，意为“停止、停靠”，此处填过去式stopped 。 （4）句意：突然，几滴水落在了他的身上。此处修饰整个句子，要用副词；sudden是形容词，意为“突然的”，此处填副词形式Suddenly，句首首字母大写。 （5）句意：他抬起头，看见泪水正从王子的眼中滑落。固定结构see sb./sth. doing sth.看见某物正在做某事，强调动作正在发生，fall变为falling。 （6）句意：王子用悲伤的声音说道：“离这儿很远……”。固定短语in a … voice意为“用……的嗓音”，此处填介词in。 （7）句意：透过一扇敞开的窗户，我能看见一位妇女坐在桌边，为富人做连衣裙。此处表示泛指多件连衣裙，用复数形式，dress为可数名词，意为“连衣裙”，变为复数dresses。 （8）句意：她的小男孩正躺在床上。引号内是王子当下看见的画面，用现在进行时；主语Her little boy是单数，故填is lying。 （9）句意：男孩在哭泣，他的妈妈十分不开心。根据语境男孩生病哭泣，母亲心情难过；happy是形容词，意为“开心的”，此处填反义词unhappy（不开心的）作表语。 （10）句意：那是因为你已经做了一件好事。小鸟做完善事，事情已经完成，对现在造成影响（内心温暖），用现在完成时；主语you，填have done。 2. 翻译句子 (1) 他离开家乡已经很长一段时间了。 【答案】He has been away from his hometown for a long time. (2) 我的好朋友已经在市美术馆四十五分钟了。 【答案】My good friend has been in the city art museum for forty‑five minutes. (3) 自从他来到这所学校,  他就交了很多好朋友。 【答案】He has made many good friends since he came to this school. (4) 你去过什么有趣的地方吗？ 【答案】Have you ever been anywhere interesting? (5) 他去上海参加一个发明会议了，还没回来。 【答案】He has gone to Shanghai to attend an invention conference and hasn’t come back yet. (6) 我已经在上海待两个月了。 【答案】I have been in Shanghai for two months (7) 我自从5岁生日时就拥有了这辆自行车。 【答案】I have had the bike since my fifth birthday (8) 那部精彩的电影已经结束大约10分钟了。 【答案】That wonderful movie has been over for about ten minutes. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Getting along 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar)-(现在完成时) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Grammar 精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · 本资料设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握英语语法知识。 1、 单元重点语法解析 1. 现在完成时的核心用法 (1) 现在完成时可以表示以前某个时间发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。（本部分已经在上个单元重点学习了） 如：They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚刚到机场。 (2) 现在完成时还可以表示某个行为或状态从过去某时间开始，一直持续到现在完成。（本单元重点学习） 如：They have lived there since 1999. 自1999年以来，他们就一直住在这里。 2. 现在完成时时间标志词 (1) for+时间段 for表示持续，后接时间段，表示持续一段时间。 如：I’ve lived here for ten years.我在这住了十年了。 He has exercised for a long time. 他已经锻炼了很长一段时间了。 (2) since+时刻 since表示“自从...”，后接时间点。since可用用作介词，后接表示时间点的名词或名词短语。 since也可以用作连词，后接时间状语从句。 如：Mum hasn’t visited the museum since last September. 自从去年9月份，妈妈就没有再参观过 博物馆。 Grandpa has lived alone since Grandma passed away. 自从奶奶去世，爷爷一个人居住。 (3) in/over/during the past/last few years；in recent years in/over/during the past/last few years表示“在过去的几年以来”，类似用法：in the last five months “在过去的5个月以来”。 in recent years表示“近年来”。 如：Our city has made great changes in the past few years.在过去的几年以来，我们的城市有了巨大 变化。 Many people have bought new energy cars in recent years.近年来，很多人买了新能源汽车。 (4) 其他标志词 · already, yet表示“已经” already表示“已经”，用于肯定句；yet用于否定句或疑问句尾，意为“尚未，还没有”。 如：Some workers have watered all the flowers already. 一些工人已经浇过花了。 Have you finished your task yet? 你已经完成任务了吗？ · just表示“刚刚” 如：The bus to the theatre has just left! 去剧院的车刚刚走。 · recently,lately表示“近期，最近” 如：Our government has done a lot to make our city more lively recently.最近，我们的政府做了很多 工作，让我们的城市变得更加热闹。 · up to now, so far, to date表示“迄今为止，到目前为止” 如：To date, we have received over 200 replies.到目前为止，我们已收到200多封回信。 3. 对于现在完成时时间状语的提问 现在完成时用于表示某行为或动作从过去某时刻持续到现在时，常和相应的时间状语搭配使用。 对现在完成时时间状语的提问，我们通常用how long，表示“多长时间”。 如：How long have you lived here? 你在这住了多长时间了？ How long have you had the bike? 这辆车你拥有多长时间了？ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Over the past five years, more than five hundred thousand girls ________ financial support from CCTF to achieve their educational dreams. A．get B．got C．will get D．have got (2) Tony can communicate with us more easily now, because he ________ Chinese for a year. A．is learning B．learns C．will learn D．has learned (3) —________ has your grandpa had the habit of taking a walk after supper? —For about ten years. That’s why he is still so healthy at seventy. A．How often B．How long C．How soon D．How far (4) —Have you finished reading the book I lent you last week? —Not yet. I ________ the first three chapters. A．have just read B．just read C．will just read D．am just reading (5) Shenzhou-23 ________ into space several weeks ago, and it ________ lots of important tasks up to now. A．flew; finished B．flew; has finished C．has flown; finished D．has flown; has finished (6) —The number of tourists ________ over 23 million this year in Harbin. —Yes. A large number of them ________ here since the winter holiday. A．reaches; have come B．reach; has come C．reaches; come D．reach; have come 4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别 (1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在没有联系。 如：Linda has watched the film. 琳达已经看过这部电影了。(强调现在已经知晓电影的内容) Linda watched the film last Sunday.琳达上周日看了这部电影。(只表明上周日看了这部电影， 不涉及现在的情况) (2) 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, three days ago,just now, in 1999等。 现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，现在完成时常与recently, so far/up to now(到目前为 止), already/yet, for 10 years等连用。 如：He played volleyball with his friends last night.他昨晚和他的朋友打排球了。 He has learnt about 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止，他已经学习了大约1000个英文单 词。 (3) 有少数时间状语既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，选择哪种时态需要根据上下文情境而定。 如：I discussed with Mr. Green this morning. I’ve discussed with Mr. Green this morning. 第一句用过去时，表明说话的时候已不是上午，即上午已过去。第二句用现在完成时，表明 说话的时候还是上午，即说话时的时间跟现在相关。 (4) 某一行为或状态持续多长时间，根据其终止时间的不同，需使用不同的时态。 如：I have stayed here for threes days now.我在这待了三天了。(stay的动作一直持续到现在，故用 现在完成时。) I stayed here for three days last summer. 我去年夏天在这待了三天。(stay的动作发生在去年 夏天，故用一般过去时) [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) He ________ born in 2008, and he ________ playing football since he was 6. A．was; has liked B．is; likes C．was; liked D．is; has liked (2) He ________ the city only once before, so he ________ his way to the museum very easily yesterday. A．has visited; has found B．visited; has found C．has visited; found D．visited; found (3) —______ you ______ your homework yet? —Yes, I ______ it just now. A．Did; do; finished B．Have; done; have finished C．Have; done; finished D．Will; do; finish (4) —Could I have a look at your new bicycle? —Sorry. I _______ it to Alice. She _______ to borrow it this morning. A．have lent; will come B．lent; will come C．lent; came D．have lent; came (5) —What do you think of the hotel near the beach in Sanya? —Quite good. I ________ in it for a week last summer. A．have stayed B．will stay C．stayed D．stay 5. 延续性动词与非延续性动词 (1) 延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词表示的动作能够延续。如：sleep；stay；keep；own等。 非延续性动词表示的动作是短暂性，通常发生即结束。如：begin；arrive；buy；borrow等 (2) 当现在完成时与表示持续性时间的状语连用时，该句中的动作或状态需要持续，因而需与延续性动词连用。否定句不受此限制。 如：The baby has slept for five hours. 小孩已经睡了五个小时了。 I haven’t left here for three years. 我已经三年没离开这里了。 (3) 当现在完成时与表示持续性时间的状语连用时，动词是非延续性动词时，在肯定句中要转化成延续性动词或表示状态的动词短语。 常见的转换如下： 非延续性动词 延续性动词或短语 非延续性动词 延续性动词或短语 become be borrow keep buy have put on wear get to know know catch a cold have a cold leave be away go out be out die be dead open be open start/begin be on finish be over fall asleep be asleep join be in/ be a member of make friends be friends get married be married 如： I have bought the book for 10 years. 上句是错句。应改为：I have had the book for 10 years. The film has begun for 10 minutes. 上句是错句。应改为：The film has been on for 10 minutes. [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) The film ________ for a few minutes. Hurry up, or we’ll miss too much. A．has finished B．has started C．has been over D．has been on (2) — What a nice watch! How long ________ you ________ it? — For just two weeks. A．will; buy B．have; had C．were; having D．have; bought (3) —How long have you ________ this book? —For two weeks. I ________ it from the school library. A．borrowed; borrowed B．kept; borrowed C．kept; kept D．borrowed; kept (4) —________ did your uncle leave for the capital of Denmark? —Let me see. He ________ for nearly 20 months. A．When; has left B．How long; has left C．When; has been away D．How long; has been away (5) —How long has Mr White ________ Joan? —I’m not sure. Maybe they ________ five years ago. A．married to; got married B．been married to; got married C．married; married to D．been married; got married 6. have been to / have gone to / have been in用法区别 (1) have been to 表示"曾经去过某地"，已从该地回来。 如：I have been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次了。 (2) have gone to表示"已经去了某地"，表示去了某地还没有回来，或在去某地的过程中。 如：It can’t be Mr. Green. He has gone to Ningbo. 不可能是格林先生，他去宁波了。 (3) have been in 表示"待在某地（现在还没走）"，侧重持续状态。 如：He has been in Shanghai for three years. 他在上海已经三年了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —Where is your sister? I can’t find her anywhere. —My sister ________ Paris for a business trip this week, but I ________ there twice before. A．has been to; has gone B．has gone to; have been C．has been to; has been D．has gone to; have gone (2) —Where is your brother? —He ________ Nanjing. He will come back next week. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．went (3) —Where is your father? —He ________ to Beijing for a meeting. He ________ back in two days. A．has gone; comes B．has been; came C．has gone; will come D．has been; will come (4) —I haven’t seen your father for several days. —Oh, he ________ Suqian on business for a week. A．has been in B．has gone in C．has been to D．has gone to (5) —Where is your father? —He ________ Beijing on business. He ________ there for two days. A．has gone to; has been B．has been to; has been C．has gone to; has been in D．has been to; has been in 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) —Our hometown ________ a lot in the last few years. —Yes. And a new railway station will be built here next year. A．developed B．is developing C．has developed D．will develop (2) For centuries, Chinese people ________ the story of Liu Bei’s three visits to Zhuge Liang from Romance of the Three Kingdoms. A．know B．knew C．have known D．will know (3) —Where is your cousin? —He ________ Shanghai for five days and he won’t be back until next week. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．went to (4) — When ________ Mary ________? — She ________ for two years. A．did; marry; has married B．does; marry; is married C．did; marry; has been married D．has; married; has been married (5) They ________ here since the holiday ________. A．volunteered; started B．have volunteered; have started C．volunteered; have started D．have volunteered; started (6) My mum once ________ junk food for a month and ________ much fitter after that period. A．give up; feel B．gives up; feels C．gave up; felt D．is giving up; feeling (7) iQIYI Land ________ for several months on the banks of the Grand Canal in Yangzhou, but we ________ there so far. A．has opened; haven’t gone B．has been open; haven’t been C．has been open; haven’t been to D．has been opened; haven’t been (8) —Where is Judy? I haven’t seen her for days. —She ________ Shanghai. She’ll be back next week. A．has been at B．has been to C．has gone to D．has gone in (9) You are welcome! In fact, I ________ the Healthy Mind Club for half a year. That’s where I learned all these. A．have joined B．have begun C．have been in D．have been on (10) —How long ________ you ________ the book? —For about one week. I borrowed it from Bengbu library last Saturday. A．have; kept B．have; borrowed C．do; keep D．will; keep (11) —Bob, it seems that we haven’t seen Andy for a long time. —Yes, he as well as his parents ________ Xiamen for about a week, but they came back yesterday. A．went to B．stayed in C．has gone to D．have been in (12) Qingdao is a beautiful seaside city and the number of visitors ________ since last year. A．increased B．has increased C．will increase D．was increasing 2. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) Most of my classmates ________ (not fly) to any foreign countries up to now. (2) AI ________ (make) a big difference to the whole world over the past few years. (3) Uncle Wang is an artist himself and he __________ (work) as a guide in the museum for 10 years. (4) They __________ (be) in this village since 10 years ago. (5) Can you tell me how long you have ________ (borrow) the novel Gulliver in Lilliput? (6) My parents ________ (marry) for 16 years, so they know each other very well. (7) The old man has been ________ (die) for ten years. (8) It’s been five years since he __________ (begin) to learn English. (9) He ________ (not leave) yet. He is still learning in the classroom. (10) My sister ________ (be) to the Great Wall twice. (11) —Where’s Tommy? —He ________ (go) to the city library with friends. He’ll be back this afternoon. (12) —I didn’t see you speak much during the summer holiday. —I went to Xiamen on 1st August. I ________ (stay) there for two weeks. 3. 根据要求完成句子 (1) We have learned English for nearly seven years.(用since改写句子) We have learned English ________ nearly seven years ________. (2) Tom has lived here since six years ago. (改为同义句) Tom has lived here ________ six ________. (3) My dad bought this computer two years ago. (用for改写句子) My dad ________ ________ this computer for two years. (4) The charity shops opened many years ago. (用for many years改写句子) The charity shops have ________ ________ for many years. (5) Kitty and her parents lived in Beijing two years ago. (用for two years改写句子) Kitty and her parents ________ ________ in Beijing for two years. (6) He has already booked the tickets for Disneyland online. (改为一般疑问句) ________ he booked the tickets for Disneyland online ________? (7) Larry joined the army three months ago. (用since three months ago来改写) Larry has ________ ________ the army since three months ago. (8) The first dolphin show started half an hour ago. （句型转换） The first dolphin show has ________ ________ for half an hour. (9) This small town has changed a lot since one year ago. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ has it been since this small town changed a lot? (10) He has been like this for two days.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ has he been like this? 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法填空 A I love being a volunteer! I (1) (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I (2) (help) out at over ten different sports events. I (3) (make) many new friends and I (4) even (5) (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I (6) (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium (7) (be) so big that they (8) (get) lost. I gave them directions and they (9) (smile) and (10) (thank) me warmly. Before they left, I (11) (ask) them to sign a football for me, and they (12) (do)! They said they were happy to meet a fan from a different country! B A long time ago, there was a city. High above the city (1) (stand) a large statue (雕塑) called the Happy Prince. His body was covered with gold, and a red jewel (宝石) hung (2) his waist (腰). One cold night, a little bird flew alone over the city. All the other birds were in Egypt. When he saw the statue, he (3) (stop) between the prince’s feet to rest. (4) (sudden), a few drops (滴) of water fell on him. He looked up and saw tears (5) (fall) from the prince’s eyes. “Why are you crying?” asked the little bird. “Far away from here,” said the prince (6) a sad voice, “there is a small house near a river. Through an open window, I can see a woman sitting at a table, making (7) (dress) for rich people. Her little boy (8) (lie) on a bed. He is very ill. He is crying because his mother can only give him water from the river. Little bird, will you take my red jewel to the woman?” “My friends are waiting for me in Egypt,” said the little bird. “Little bird, little bird,” said the prince, “please do this for me. The boy is crying and his mother is very (9) (happy).” The prince looked very sad, and the little bird felt sorry for him. The little bird took the red jewel from the prince’s waist and flew to the small house. He flew in and put the red jewel on the table. Then the little bird flew back to the prince and said, “It is strange. It is very cold, but I feel quite warm.” “That is because you (10) (do) a good thing,” said the prince. 2. 翻译句子 (1) 他离开家乡已经很长一段时间了。 (2) 我的好朋友已经在市美术馆四十五分钟了。 (3) 自从他来到这所学校,  他就交了很多好朋友。 (4) 你去过什么有趣的地方吗？ (5) 他去上海参加一个发明会议了，还没回来。 (6) 我已经在上海待两个月了。 (7) 我自从5岁生日时就拥有了这辆自行车。 (8) 那部精彩的电影已经结束大约10分钟了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $