Unit 1 This is me 单元核心知识点精讲精练2(Grammar)-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册（新教材外研版）

该初中英语讲义以“现在完成时”为核心，通过表格归纳过去分词变化规则，分点解析核心功能、常用副词搭配及句式结构，构建“概念-规则-应用”的知识体系，清晰呈现语法重难点及内在逻辑。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，随学随练即时巩固（如单项填空“Have you ever watched...?”），基础练习夯实基础（如用already/yet填空），提升练习（如语法填空、翻译句子）培养语言运用能力与思维品质，助力不同层次学生掌握，支持教师精准教学与学生自主复习。

Unit 1 This is me 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar)-(现在完成时) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Grammar 精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · 本资料设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握英语语法知识。 1、 单元重点语法解析 1. 现在完成时的核心功能 (1) 现在完成时可以表示以前某个时间发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。 They have just arrived at the train station 他们刚刚到火车站。 (2) 现在完成时还可以表示某个动作或状态从过去的某个时刻开始，一直持续到现在完成。 The Greens have lived there since 2002. 自2002年以来，格林一家人就一直住在这里。 2. 与现在完成时常搭配的副词 (1) already / yet · already表示“已经”，用于肯定句。 · yet用于否定句或疑问句尾，意为“尚未，还没有”。 Have you finished your task yet? 你已经完成任务了吗？ She has already arrived. 她已经到了。 (2) just:表示“刚刚”。 The bus to the theatre has just left! 去剧院的车刚刚走。 (3) ever:表示“曾经”。 Have you ever watched the movie Ne Zha 2? 你看到电影《哪吒2》吗？ (4) never:表示“从不”。 She has never been to Japan. 她从没去过日本。 [随学随练] 单项填空 1．— The film Ne Zha 2 is really amazing. Have you ________ watched it? — Not ________. But I plan to watch it at the cinema this Saturday evening. A．already; just B．ever; yet C．just; already D．yet; ever 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——《哪吒2》真是令人惊喜！你看过了吗？——还没有。但是我计划这个周六晚上去电影院看。 考查现在完成时。already已经；yet还；ever曾经；just仅仅。根据“Have you...watched it?”可知，问句是含有ever的现在完成时的句子，表示“是否曾经做过某事？”，Not yet“还没有”是否定回答。故选B。 2．— Look! Who ________ the flat? It looks as good as new. — Well, it may be the humanoid robot! A．cleans up B．will clean up C．has cleaned up D．was cleaning up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看！谁打扫了公寓？它看起来像新的一样。——嗯，可能是人形机器人！ 根据“It looks as good as new.”可知，公寓现在很干净，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，结构为has+过去分词，故选C。 3．—Have you finished your work ________? —Yes, I have. I’ve ________ finished it. A．just; already B．already; just C．yet; already D．yet; yet 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你的工作已经完成了吗？——是的，我已经完成了。   考查副词辨析。already已经；just刚才；yet尚未。第一空，疑问句“Have you finished...?”，需用yet，询问“工作是否已完成”。第二空，肯定回答“Yes, I have.”，后接“已经完成”，需用already，强调动作的完成状态。故选C。 4．Tom ________ never ________ rock climbing before. He is excited to try it this weekend. A．has; tried B．will; try C．did; try D．is; trying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆以前从未尝试过攀岩。他这个周末很兴奋去尝试一下。 考查现在完成时。根据“before”和“never”可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，A项符合。故选A。 5．________ you ever ________ the Bamboo Sea in Sichuan? A．Have; visited B．Do; visit C．Did; visit D．Will; visit 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你曾经去过四川的竹海吗？ 考查现在完成时。根据句子中的“ever”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，句子主语是you，助动词用have，故选A。 3. 现在完成时的谓语构成 (1) 现在完成时的谓语部分由“have/has+动词过去分词”构成。 (2) have/has取决于其的主语，主语是第三人称单数和不可数名词，用has；若不是，则用have。 They have finished the dinner. 他们吃完晚饭了。 She has cleaned the room. 她已经打扫了教室。 (3) 过去分词的构成规则与发音 · 过去分词的变化规则 变化规则 例词 例词 规则变化 一般情况，在词尾加-ed listen-listened; finish-finished 以不发音的e结尾，词尾直接加-d live-lived;close-closed 以辅音字母+y结尾，将y变为i，再加-ed study-studied;carry-carried 以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped; plan-planned 不规则变化 原形-过去式-过去分词拼写一致 cut-cut-cut; put-put-put;set-set-set 过去式与过去分词拼写一致 teach-taught-taught lose-lost-lost leave-left-left 原形含字母i，过去式变i为a，过去分词变i为u swim-swam-swum drink-drank-drunk sing-sang-sung 原形词尾为ow/aw，过去式词尾变为ew，过去分词词尾变为own know-knew-known grow-grew-grown throw-threw-thrown 其他情况 see-saw-seen speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen · 规则变化的过去分词的读音 规则变化的过去分词的读音与过去式读音规律相同，遵循“清-清；浊-浊”的规律，即在清音后读/t/；浊音和元音后读/d/。 如：help-helped/-t/；use-used/-d/；carry-carried/-d/；allow-allowed/-d/ 在/t/,/d/后读/ɪd/。 如：start-started/-ɪd/；decide-decided/-ɪd/ 4. 现在完成时的各种句式 (1) 陈述句 · 肯定式：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。 · 否定式：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他。 肯定式变否定式，在have/has后加not构成，have not可以缩略为haven’t；has not可缩略为hasn’t。 Lucy has finished her homework.露西已经完成了她的作业。 Lucy has not (hasn’t) finished her homework. 露西还没有完成她的作业。 (2) 一般疑问句 · Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ 简略回答：(肯定回答)Yes,主语+have/has. (否定回答)No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 回答时，用相应的代词代替主语。 —Have the boys cleaned up the room? 男孩们打扫过房间了吗？ —Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. (3) 特殊疑问句 · 特殊疑问词/词组+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ What have you done here? 你在这做了什么？ How long has Mrs. Lin live here? 林太太在这里住了多久？ [随学随练] 写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词形式 原形 过去式 过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 1. cover covered covered 2. hide hid hidden 3. suppose supposed supposed 4. stick stuck stuck 5. cut cut cut 6. fly flew flown 7. fall fell fallen 8. carry carried carried 9. feel felt felt 10. burn burned/burnt burned/burnt 11. do did done 12. be(is) was been 13. have had had 14. sit sat sat 15. study studied studied 16. make made made 17. come came come 18. meet met met 19. tell told told 20. say said said 按要求完成句子 1．The children have put away their toys already. (改为一般疑问句) Have the children ________ away their toys ________? 【答案】 put yet 【详解】句意：孩子们已经把他们的玩具收起来了。现在完成时的句子变一般疑问句时，需将助动词have提到句首，动词仍用过去分词形式，put的过去分词还是put；同时，原句中的already（常用于肯定句）要变为yet（常用于疑问句或否定句）。 2．Sally has already finished her homework. (改为否定句) Sally ________ finished her homework ________. 【答案】 hasn’t yet 【详解】原句为现在完成时，改为否定句时，需将助动词“has”变为否定形式“hasn’t”；同时，“already”常用于肯定句，在否定句中需替换为“yet”，并置于句末。故填hasn’t；yet。 3．I have ever studied with a group. (改为一般疑问句) ________ you ever ________ with a group? 【答案】 Have studied 【详解】句意：我曾经和一个小组一起学习过。原句含有助动词have，改为一般疑问句时，需将其放置句首，首字母大写，其他不变。故填Have；studied。 4．The Smiths have lived in the country for five years.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ the Smiths lived in the country? 【答案】 How long have 【详解】句意：史密斯一家已经在乡下住了五年了。对“for five years”表示的时间段提问，用疑问词How long；原句为现在完成时，助动词have提前置于主语前。 5．We have learnt about life and death by keeping a pet dog. (对划线部分提问) ________ have we ________ about by keeping a pet dog? 【答案】 What learnt 【详解】句意：我们通过养宠物狗了解了生与死。此处对学会的内容提问，应用what“什么”，引导特殊疑问句，句首首字母大写；原句时态为现在完成时，第二个空应用过去分词learnt，与助动词have构成现在完成时。故填What；learnt。 6．Cindy has worked out all the problems for her good friend. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ Cindy ________ for her good friend? 【答案】 What has done 【详解】句意：Cindy已经为她的好朋友解决了所有问题。划线部分为“has worked out all the problems”，表示“做了什么事”，要用What提问。原句为现在完成时，主语是Cindy，助动词用has，并提到主语前。“worked out all the problems”用“done”替换。故填What；has；done。 7．He has seen a flood warning before.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） — ________ he ________ a flood warning before? — No, ________ ________. 【答案】 Has seen he hasn’t 【详解】句意：他之前见过洪水预警。原句为现在完成时（has seen），变一般疑问句时，将助动词“has”提到主语前，其余部分不变。否定回答用“No, 主语 + hasn’t.”。故填Has；seen；he；hasn’t。 8．We keep in touch with each other. We met 8 months ago. (for) (用现在完成时合并句子) _______________________________________________________ 【答案】We have kept in touch with each other for eight months. 【详解】句意：我们已经互相保持联系八个月了。用for引导时间段“eight months”，主句用现在完成时，keep in touch变为have kept in touch ； met 8 months ago转换为for eight months。 5. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别 (1) 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, three days ago,just now, in 1999等。 现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，现在完成时常与recently, so far/up to now(到目前为止), already/yet, for 10 years等连用。 He played volleyball with his friends last night.他昨晚和他的朋友打排球了。 He has learnt about 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止，他已经学习了大约1000个英文单词。 (2) 没有明确的过去时间状语时，要看该行为是否对现在造成影响。 现在完成时表达经历时只表示该事件在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。 一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。 Linda has watched the film. 琳达已经看过这部电影了。(强调现在已经知晓电影的内容) Linda watched the film last Sunday.琳达上周日看了这部电影。(只表明上周日看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况) [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—What’s wrong with Judy? —She has a sore throat because she ________ too much yesterday. A．talks B．talked C．will talk D．has talked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——朱迪怎么了？——她喉咙痛，因为她昨天说话太多了。 talks（一般现在时）；talked（一般过去时）；will talk（一般将来时）；has talked（现在完成时）。 根据句中“yesterday（昨天）”可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，应填talked。   2．—May I use your dictionary, Tom? —Sorry, it’s not here. I ________ it to Mike just now. A．lent B．have lent C．will lend D．was lending 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——汤姆，我可以用一下你的字典吗？——抱歉，它不在这里。我刚才把它借给迈克了。 根据时间状语“just now”可知，动作发生在过去，句子应用一般过去时，lend的过去式为lent。 3．—Hi, Tom! ________ you ever ________ the Bird’s Nest? —Yes, I have. It’s fantastic. A．Did; visit B．Have; visited C．Does; visit D．Are; visiting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嗨，汤姆！你曾经参观过鸟巢吗？——是的，我去过。太棒了。 考查现在完成时。根据答语“Yes, I have.”可知，问句时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has + 过去分词，且ever常用于现在完成时。故选B。 4．—Have you finished reading the book I lent you last week? —Not yet. I ________ the first three chapters. A．have just read B．just read C．will just read D．am just reading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你读完我上周借给你的那本书了吗？——还没有。我刚刚读完前三章。 考查现在完成时。根据问句“Have you finished...?”和答语“Not yet”可知，回答者尚未读完，但强调“刚刚读完前三章”，表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响，应使用现在完成时，且“just”常与完成时连用。故选A。 5．— I ________ a letter to you last week. ________ you ________ it? — No, not yet. A．have posted; Did; receive B．posted; Have; received C．have posted; Have; received D．posted; Do; receive 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我上周给你寄了一封信。你收到它了吗？——不，还没有。 根据时间状语last week可知，第一空表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时posted，排除A、C选项；根据答语not yet可知，第二句强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，结构为 have/has+过去分词，排除D选项。故选B。 6．—I can’t find my book. ________ it anywhere? —I ________ it on the floor just now. A．Did you see; have seen B．Have you seen; saw C．Did you see; saw D．Have you seen; have seen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我找不到我的书了。你在哪见过它吗？——我刚才在地上看见它了。 根据“…it anywhere?”可知，说话人询问对方到目前为止是否见过这本书，强调动作对现在产生的影响（即是否知道书的下落），通常应用现在完成时Have you seen；答句中出现了明确的时间状语“just now”提示动作发生在过去特定的时间点，应用一般过去时saw。 7．—Have you ever been to Suzhou? —Yes. I ________ there with my parents last year. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．will go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你去过苏州吗？——是的。去年我和父母一起去了那里。 have gone为现在完成时；have been为现在完成时；went为一般过去时；will go为一般将来时。根据时间状语“last year”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。 8．—Jack, haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been? —Well, I ________ in Shanghai on business for two months. A．have stayed B．stayed C．had stayed D．was staying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——杰克，好久没见你了。你去哪儿了？——嗯，我在上海出差待了两个月。 根据问句“Where have you been?”可知，说话人现在已经回到对话现场，在上海出差是过去发生的动作且已经结束，不强调对现在的影响，应用一般过去时。应填stayed。 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) She ________ already ________ to accept her height. She feels proud. A．have; learned B．has; learned C．is; learning D．was; learning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她已经学会接受自己的身高了，她感到很自豪。 have助动词，主语为复数；has助动词，主语为单数；learned过去分词；is是；was是，过去式；learning现在分词。句中“already”是现在完成时的标志性时间副词，现在完成时结构为have/has + 动词过去分词；主语She是第三人称单数，助动词需要用has。 (2) — ________ you ever ________ to the new science museum? — Not yet. I plan to go this weekend. A．Do; go B．Did; go C．Are; going D．Have; been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过新的科学博物馆吗？——还没有。我计划这周末去。 Do; go一般现在时；Did; go一般过去时；Are; going现在进行时；Have; been现在完成时。根据关键词ever和答语Not yet可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其一般疑问句结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词+其他？”。主语是you，助动词用Have；表示“去过”用been。 (3) People’s reading habits ________ a lot since smartphones became widely used. A．change B．changed C．have changed D．are changing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从智能手机被广泛使用以来，人们的阅读习惯已经改变了很多。 change改变；changed改变了；have changed已经改变；are changing正在改变。根据句中时间状语“since smartphones became widely used”可知，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在对现在造成的影响。故填have changed。 (4) I ________ to the countryside with my family last summer holiday. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年暑假我和家人去了乡下。 last summer holiday去年暑假，是一般过去时的标志性时间状语，谓语动词要用过去式；went符合语法要求。 (5) —Look! The classroom is so clean.   —Yes. Someone ________ it up just now. A．cleans B．cleaned C．has cleaned D．will clean 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——看！教室真干净。——是的。有人刚才把它打扫了。 根据时间状语“just now”，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，用cleaned。   (6) —It’s still raining in Zhouqu. —Yeah. It’s terrible. Many villagers ________ their lives already. A．lose B．lost C．will lose D．have lost 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——舟曲还在下雨。——是啊。太可怕了。许多村民已经失去了生命。 根据空后的副词“already”可知，此处强调动作已经发生并对现在造成了可怕的影响，符合现在完成时的用法。现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“Many villagers”为复数名词，助动词用have，lose的过去分词形式为lost。 (7) —What are you doing, Lin Tao? —I’m solving the Luban lock. I ________ several times, but it’s so challenging! A．tried B．have tried C．was trying D．will try 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——林涛，你在做什么？——我在解鲁班锁。我已经尝试了好几次了，但它太有挑战性了！ tried尝试（过去式）；have tried已经尝试（现在完成时）；was trying正在尝试（过去进行时）；will try将尝试（一般将来时）。根据关键词“several times”（好几次）及语境可知，动作发生在过去且对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时。 (8) — What did you do last Sunday? — I ________ as a volunteer in the community kitchen. A．work B．worked C．will work D．has worked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——上周日你做了什么？——我在社区厨房作为一名志愿者工作。 根据问句中的时间状语“last Sunday”及助动词“did”可知，答语描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选B。 (9) Mr. Green ________ in our school for five years, and he ________ here in 2018. A．has worked; came B．worked; came C．has worked; has come D．worked; has come 【答案】A 【详解】句意：格林先生在我们学校工作五年了，他2018年来到这里。 work工作；come来。句中“for five years”表示从过去持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语Mr. Green是第三人称单数，故第一空填has worked；句中“in 2018”是表示过去的具体时间状语，谓语动词应用一般过去时，come的过去式为came。故填has worked；came。 (10) — Have you watered the flowers in the garden yet? — Yes. I ________ it ten minutes ago. A．have finished B．has finished C．finished D．finish 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你已经给花园里的花浇水了吗？——是的。我十分钟前就完成了。 根据答语中的时间状语“ten minutes ago”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。 (11) He ________ the city only once before, so he ________ his way to the museum very easily yesterday. A．has visited; has found B．visited; has found C．has visited; found D．visited; found 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他以前只去过这座城市一次，所以昨天他很容易就找到了去博物馆的路。 第一空根据时间状语before可知，表示过去的经历，常用现在完成时；第二空根据时间状语yesterday可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。 (12) Emma rushes into the living room, waving her phone excitedly. “Guess what? I ________ for our trip to Japan! Cherry blossom season, here we come!” A．book the tickets B．am booking the tickets C．was booking the tickets D．have booked the tickets 【答案】D 【详解】句意：艾玛冲进客厅，兴奋地挥舞着她的手机。“猜猜怎么了？我已经为我们的日本之旅订好票了！樱花季，我们来了！” 根据“Emma rushes into the living room, waving her phone excitedly.”和“Guess what?”可知是分享刚刚完成的消息；根据“Cherry blossom season, here we come!”可知订票动作已完成并对现在造成影响，强调结果，应用现在完成时。 2. 选用方框中的词填空 already   yet   just    never   always 1．I have cut my long hair. Look! It’s short now. 2．She has worried about her looks. She is very confident. 3．Chris has worn glasses since he was a child. He can’t see well without them. 4．I haven’t told Maddie the whole story . I will tell her tomorrow. 5．Jessica has changed her opinion on her looks. She now loves her freckles. 【答案】1．just 2．never 3．always 4．yet 5．already 【详解】 1．句意：我刚剪了长发。看！现在短了。根据后文“Look!”可知动作刚刚发生，结果立即可见，表示“刚刚”的just符合语境。 2．句意：她从不担心外貌。她很自信。根据后文“confident（自信）”可知她不需要担心，故填表示否定频率“从不”的never。 3．句意：Chris从小就一直戴眼镜。没有眼镜，他看不清东西。根据时间状语“since he was a child”可知这是持续的习惯，故填表示“总是”的always。 4．句意：我还没告诉Maddie全部故事。我明天会告诉她。句子为现在完成时的否定句（haven’t），且空格位于句末，故填常用于否定句末尾表示“还（没）”的yet。 5．句意：Jessica已经改变了关于外貌的看法。现在她喜欢她的雀斑。句子为肯定句，强调动作已完成并对现在产生影响，故填表示“已经”的already。 3. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) I’m really happy that my hometown ________ (become) increasingly beautiful these days! 【答案】has become/is becoming 【详解】句意：我很高兴，我的家乡近来已经/正变得越来越美丽了。句中“these days”说明“家乡变美”是从过去持续到现在的变化，对现在造成了“我很开心”的结果，为现在完成时；也可以是现在进行时，表示家乡正变得越来越美丽。主语“my hometown”是第三人称单数，助动词用has/be动词用is；动词become的过去分词还是原形become，故填has become/is becoming。 (2) When she was 13, a shark ________ (attack) her. 【答案】attacked 【详解】句意：当她13岁时，一条鲨鱼袭击了她。根据“When she was 13”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，所以要用一般过去时，attack的过去式是attacked。故填attacked。 (3) I was upset because I ________ (lose) my ID card on my way to the airport yesterday. 【答案】lost 【详解】句意：我很沮丧，因为昨天在去机场的路上，我弄丢了我的身份证。lose意为“丢失”，是动词，根据时间状语yesterday“昨天”，可知动作发生在过去，句子用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，lose的过去式是lost。 (4) Mrs. White is brave. For many years she has ________ (fight) against her illness. 【答案】fought 【详解】句意：怀特太太很勇敢。多年来她一直与病魔作斗争。空格前有助动词has，后接过去分词构成现在完成时的结构，故填fought。 (5) Our class ______ (beat) Class One and won the football game. 【答案】beat 【详解】句意：我们班打败了一班，赢得了足球比赛。根据won可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处应填beat的过去式beat。故填beat。 (6) I ________ (choose) Journey to the West for my book report already. 【答案】have chosen 【详解】句意：我已经为我的读书报告选了《西游记》。already是现在完成时的典型提示词，现在完成时的基本结构是“have/has+动词过去分词”。主语是第一人称I，助动词用have；动词choose的过去分词是chosen，因此填have chosen。 (7) My dad ________ the heavy box and put it on top of the shelf. (lift) 【答案】lifted 【详解】句意：我爸爸提起那个沉重的箱子，把它放到了架子顶端。句中后面的动词put在这里是过去式（put原形与过去式同形），说明整个句子是一般过去时，因此前面的动词lift也要用过去式lifted。 (8) So far, we ______ (invite) ten people to take part in the daily activity. 【答案】have invited 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我们已经邀请了十个人参加这个日常活动。根据“So far”可知此句应用现在完成时，其构成为主语+have/has+过去分词；主语是“we”，因此用“have invited”。故填have invited。 (9) I ________ (not finish) my homework yet. I need to finish it quickly. 【答案】haven’t finished 【详解】句意：我还没有完成作业。我需要快点完成它。finish“完成”，句中“yet”意为“还；尚”，是现在完成时的标志词，常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“到目前为止还没有……”。现在完成时的结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语为“I”，助动词用have，否定形式为haven’t，finish的过去分词为finished。 (10) Sally ________ (see) the movie before, so she doesn’t want to see it again. 【答案】has seen 【详解】句意：萨莉以前看过这部电影，所以她不想再看了。before为现在完成时的标志性时间状语，主语Sally是三单，现在完成时结构：has+动词过去分词，see的过去分词为seen。故填has seen。 (11) — I left my homework on the desk just now. Who __________ (hand) it in? — Sorry, I don’t know. 【答案】has handed 【详解】句意：——我刚才把作业忘在桌子上了。谁交的？   ——抱歉，我不知道。根据上文“I left my homework on the desk just now”可知，有人已经把作业交上去了，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，句子应用现在完成时，即“have +过去分词”结构，主语为“who”，指代的是某人，故have应用第三人称单数形式has。故填has handed。 (12) My sister ________ her bike to Bob just now because his bike was broken. (lend) 【答案】lent 【详解】句意：我妹妹刚才把她的自行车借给鲍勃，因为他的自行车坏了。lend“借”，根据“just now”可知，此处用一般过去时，故填lent。 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法填空 A In the corner of my room stands a piano. It takes up a large part of the space and it is the most important thing in my room. I 1 (have) this piano for five years. It was a gift from my dear grandma on my tenth birthday. At that time, buying a piano was not an easy thing for our family. Grandma 2 (save) every cent and visited countless stores, comparing prices and qualities (质量), trying to get the best one for me. When I first 3 (get) it, you wouldn’t imagine how excited I was. Since then, it 4 (be) a big part of my life. Every time I sat down to practise, Grandma would quietly sit beside me. Even though she 5 (not know) how to play the piano, her eyes would light up with warmth and pride (自豪) as she watched me play. She would encourage me with soft words like, “You 6 (do) great. Keep going!” We spent many afternoons like this, with me learning to play and her offering silent support (无声的支持). Sadly, Grandma passed away two years ago. But every time I 7 (sit) at the piano and start to play, it feels like she is right beside me. I 8 (keep) practising over the past two years since her passing, and the piano 9 (become) a bridge to my memories of Grandma. Even though Grandma is no longer here, the love she gave me through this piano 10 (stay) with me forever. 【答案】 1．have had 2．saved 3．got 4．has been 5．didn’t know 6．have done 7．sit 8．have kept 9．has become 10．will stay 【导语】本文讲述了作者拥有一架奶奶赠送的钢琴，回忆了奶奶陪伴自己练琴的温暖时光，奶奶离世后钢琴成为作者思念奶奶的情感寄托。 【详解】 1．句意：我拥有这架钢琴五年了。句中的时间状语“for five years”表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时。 2．句意：奶奶省下每一分钱，逛了无数家店，对比价格和质量，尽力为我买到最好的钢琴。本段讲述作者十岁生日时奶奶买钢琴的过往经历，属于过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时。 3．句意：当我第一次得到它的时候，你无法想象我有多激动。本句讲述第一次收到钢琴时的情景，是过去发生的一次性动作，需用一般过去时。 4．句意：从那以后，它就成了我生活中重要的一部分。“Since then”为现在完成时的标志词，表示动作从过去开始并持续到现在，需用现在完成时。 5．句意：尽管她不懂如何弹钢琴，但看着我弹奏时，她的眼里满是温暖和自豪。本句描述过去奶奶陪伴作者练琴时的状态，属于过去的状态，需用一般过去时的否定形式。 6．句意：你做得很棒。继续加油！本句是奶奶对作者练琴成果的肯定，强调练琴动作持续到此刻产生的效果，需用现在完成时。 7．句意：但每次我坐在钢琴前开始弹奏，都感觉她就在我身边。“every time” 引导经常性、习惯性的动作，句子为一般现在时，主语为 I，动词用原形。 8．句意：奶奶离开后的这两年里，我一直坚持练习。句中“over the past two years”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时。 9．句意：钢琴也成为了我回忆奶奶的桥梁。动作“成为”发生在过去，且对现在造成持续影响，需用现在完成时。 10．句意：即便奶奶已经不在了，她通过这架钢琴给予我的爱会永远陪伴着我。句中“forever”表示将来的状态，动作发生在将来，需用一般将来时。 B Mi was born in Sichuan Province. He is a street artist. He 1 (make) clay figurines (泥塑) in the past few years. In 2003, Mi 2 (lose) his hands in an accident. However, he didn’t lose hope for life and he learned to eat and get 3 (dress) on his own. He had to take care 4 his family. So he thought that he must find a way to make money by 5 (him) . One day Mi saw 6 old man making clay figurines on the street. Mi was interested in it and decided to learn from him. “ 7 the old man didn’t want to teach me, I didn’t give up. Finally he agreed 8 (teach) me how to make clay figurines.” Mi said. Learning clay figurines was difficult. However, he 9 (stick) to it and never thought of giving up. Now Mi can make a living by making clay figurines. Whenever he sits on the ground to make clay figurines, many people will 10 (quick) come to watch him. Prices are not set for his figurines. People can pay as they like. In this way, each figurine is sold for about 20 yuan. Mi is full of hope for a better future because he knows his hard work is worth it. 【答案】 1．has made 2．lost 3．dressed 4．of 5．himself 6．an 7．Although 8．to teach 9．stuck 10．quickly 【导语】本文讲述了四川的街头艺术家Mi，虽然在一场事故中失去了双手，但并没有对生活失去希望，学会了靠自己吃饭和穿衣，还学会了制作泥塑，现在他靠制作泥塑为生，他对未来充满希望。 1．句意：在过去的几年里，他一直在制作泥塑。根据“in the past few years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语He为第三人称单数，助动词用has，make的过去分词为made。故填has made。 2．句意：2003年，Mi在一场事故中失去了双手。根据“In 2003”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，lose的过去式为lost。故填lost。 3．句意：然而，他并没有对生活失去希望，他学会了靠自己吃饭和穿衣。get dressed为固定短语，意为“穿衣”。故填dressed。 4．句意：他必须照顾他的家人。take care of为固定短语，意为“照顾”。故填of。 5．句意：所以他认为他必须找到一种靠自己赚钱的方法。根据“So he thought that he must find a way to make money by...”可知，此处指靠自己赚钱，by oneself为固定短语，意为“独自，靠自己”，him的反身代词为himself。故填himself。 6．句意：一天，Mi看到一位老人在街上制作泥塑。根据“...old man making clay figurines on the street.”可知，此处表示泛指一位老人，且old以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词“an”修饰。故填an。 7．句意：虽然这位老人不想教我，但我没有放弃。根据“...the old man didn’t want to teach me, I didn’t give up.”可知，前后句为转折关系，且位于句首，although“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，符合语境，首字母大写。故填Although。 8．句意：最后他同意教我如何制作泥塑。agree to do sth.为固定短语，意为“同意做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填to teach。 9．句意：然而，他坚持了下来，从未想过放弃。根据“However, he...to it and never thought of giving up.”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，stick的过去式为stuck，stick to“坚持”。故填stuck。 10．句意：每当他坐在地上制作泥塑时，许多人都会很快过来看他。根据“many people will...come to watch him.”可知，此处修饰动词come，用副词quickly“快速地”。故填quickly。 2. 翻译句子。 (1) 我们队很优秀,因为我们连续赢了三场比赛。 【答案】Our team is excellent because we have won three games in a row. (2) 在英语学习中，Lisa已经取得了进步。 【答案】Lisa has made progress in English learning. (3) 为了这次庭院旧货出售，我们家已经收集了很多东西。 【答案】Our family has already collected a lot of things for this yard sale. (4) ——你曾经有没有读过科幻小说？ ——是的，我读过。 【答案】 —Have you ever read science fiction? —Yes, I have. (5) 自从上周以来，我们已经学习了两首英文诗。 (since, poem) 【答案】We have learned/learnt two English poems since last week. (6) 我还没有完成家庭作业，而他1个小时前就已经完成了。 【答案】I haven’t finished my homework yet. But he finished his homework an hour ago. (7) 多亏了政府的支持，这些村民的生活已经改善了很多。 【答案】Thanks to the government’s support, these villagers’ lives have improved a lot. (8) 他是中国最成功的音乐家之一。你曾经唱过他的歌曲吗？ 【答案】He is one of the most successful musicians in China. Have you ever sung his songs? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 This is me 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar)-(现在完成时) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Grammar 精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · 本资料设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习并掌握英语语法知识。 1、 单元重点语法解析 1. 现在完成时的核心功能 (1) 现在完成时可以表示以前某个时间发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。 They have just arrived at the train station 他们刚刚到火车站。 (2) 现在完成时还可以表示某个动作或状态从过去的某个时刻开始，一直持续到现在完成。 The Greens have lived there since 2002. 自2002年以来，格林一家人就一直住在这里。 2. 与现在完成时常搭配的副词 (1) already / yet · already表示“已经”，用于肯定句。 · yet用于否定句或疑问句尾，意为“尚未，还没有”。 Have you finished your task yet? 你已经完成任务了吗？ She has already arrived. 她已经到了。 (2) just:表示“刚刚”。 The bus to the theatre has just left! 去剧院的车刚刚走。 (3) ever:表示“曾经”。 Have you ever watched the movie Ne Zha 2? 你看到电影《哪吒2》吗？ (4) never:表示“从不”。 She has never been to Japan. 她从没去过日本。 [随学随练] 单项填空 1．— The film Ne Zha 2 is really amazing. Have you ________ watched it? — Not ________. But I plan to watch it at the cinema this Saturday evening. A．already; just B．ever; yet C．just; already D．yet; ever 2．— Look! Who ________ the flat? It looks as good as new. — Well, it may be the humanoid robot! A．cleans up B．will clean up C．has cleaned up D．was cleaning up 3．—Have you finished your work ________? —Yes, I have. I’ve ________ finished it. A．just; already B．already; just C．yet; already D．yet; yet 4．Tom ________ never ________ rock climbing before. He is excited to try it this weekend. A．has; tried B．will; try C．did; try D．is; trying 5．________ you ever ________ the Bamboo Sea in Sichuan? A．Have; visited B．Do; visit C．Did; visit D．Will; visit 3. 现在完成时的谓语构成 (1) 现在完成时的谓语部分由“have/has+动词过去分词”构成。 (2) have/has取决于其的主语，主语是第三人称单数和不可数名词，用has；若不是，则用have。 They have finished the dinner. 他们吃完晚饭了。 She has cleaned the room. 她已经打扫了教室。 (3) 过去分词的构成规则与发音 · 过去分词的变化规则 变化规则 例词 例词 规则变化 一般情况，在词尾加-ed listen-listened; finish-finished 以不发音的e结尾，词尾直接加-d live-lived;close-closed 以辅音字母+y结尾，将y变为i，再加-ed study-studied;carry-carried 以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped; plan-planned 不规则变化 原形-过去式-过去分词拼写一致 cut-cut-cut; put-put-put;set-set-set 过去式与过去分词拼写一致 teach-taught-taught lose-lost-lost leave-left-left 原形含字母i，过去式变i为a，过去分词变i为u swim-swam-swum drink-drank-drunk sing-sang-sung 原形词尾为ow/aw，过去式词尾变为ew，过去分词词尾变为own know-knew-known grow-grew-grown throw-threw-thrown 其他情况 see-saw-seen speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen · 规则变化的过去分词的读音 规则变化的过去分词的读音与过去式读音规律相同，遵循“清-清；浊-浊”的规律，即在清音后读/t/；浊音和元音后读/d/。 如：help-helped/-t/；use-used/-d/；carry-carried/-d/；allow-allowed/-d/ 在/t/,/d/后读/ɪd/。 如：start-started/-ɪd/；decide-decided/-ɪd/ 4. 现在完成时的各种句式 (1) 陈述句 · 肯定式：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。 · 否定式：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他。 肯定式变否定式，在have/has后加not构成，have not可以缩略为haven’t；has not可缩略为hasn’t。 Lucy has finished her homework.露西已经完成了她的作业。 Lucy has not (hasn’t) finished her homework. 露西还没有完成她的作业。 (2) 一般疑问句 · Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ 简略回答：(肯定回答)Yes,主语+have/has. (否定回答)No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 回答时，用相应的代词代替主语。 —Have the boys cleaned up the room? 男孩们打扫过房间了吗？ —Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. (3) 特殊疑问句 · 特殊疑问词/词组+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ What have you done here? 你在这做了什么？ How long has Mrs. Lin live here? 林太太在这里住了多久？ [随学随练] 写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词形式 原形 过去式 过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 1. cover 2. hide 3. suppose 4. stick 5. cut 6. fly 7. fall 8. carry 9. feel 10. burn 11. do 12. be(is) 13. have 14. sit 15. study 16. make 17. come 18. meet 19. tell 20. say 按要求完成句子 1．The children have put away their toys already. (改为一般疑问句) Have the children ________ away their toys ________? 2．Sally has already finished her homework. (改为否定句) Sally ________ finished her homework ________. 3．I have ever studied with a group. (改为一般疑问句) ________ you ever ________ with a group? 4．The Smiths have lived in the country for five years.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ the Smiths lived in the country? 5．We have learnt about life and death by keeping a pet dog. (对划线部分提问) ________ have we ________ about by keeping a pet dog? 6．Cindy has worked out all the problems for her good friend. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ Cindy ________ for her good friend? 7．He has seen a flood warning before.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） — ________ he ________ a flood warning before? — No, ________ ________. 8．We keep in touch with each other. We met 8 months ago. (for) (用现在完成时合并句子) _______________________________________________________ 5. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别 (1) 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, three days ago,just now, in 1999等。 现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，现在完成时常与recently, so far/up to now(到目前为止), already/yet, for 10 years等连用。 He played volleyball with his friends last night.他昨晚和他的朋友打排球了。 He has learnt about 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止，他已经学习了大约1000个英文单词。 (2) 没有明确的过去时间状语时，要看该行为是否对现在造成影响。 现在完成时表达经历时只表示该事件在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。 一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。 Linda has watched the film. 琳达已经看过这部电影了。(强调现在已经知晓电影的内容) Linda watched the film last Sunday.琳达上周日看了这部电影。(只表明上周日看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况) [随学随练] 单项填空 1．—What’s wrong with Judy? —She has a sore throat because she ________ too much yesterday. A．talks B．talked C．will talk D．has talked 2．—May I use your dictionary, Tom? —Sorry, it’s not here. I ________ it to Mike just now. A．lent B．have lent C．will lend D．was lending 3．—Hi, Tom! ________ you ever ________ the Bird’s Nest? —Yes, I have. It’s fantastic. A．Did; visit B．Have; visited C．Does; visit D．Are; visiting 4．—Have you finished reading the book I lent you last week? —Not yet. I ________ the first three chapters. A．have just read B．just read C．will just read D．am just reading 5．— I ________ a letter to you last week. ________ you ________ it? — No, not yet. A．have posted; Did; receive B．posted; Have; received C．have posted; Have; received D．posted; Do; receive 6．—I can’t find my book. ________ it anywhere? —I ________ it on the floor just now. A．Did you see; have seen B．Have you seen; saw C．Did you see; saw D．Have you seen; have seen 7．—Have you ever been to Suzhou? —Yes. I ________ there with my parents last year. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．will go 8．—Jack, haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been? —Well, I ________ in Shanghai on business for two months. A．have stayed B．stayed C．had stayed D．was staying 2、 单元语法基础练习 1. 单项填空 (1) She ________ already ________ to accept her height. She feels proud. A．have; learned B．has; learned C．is; learning D．was; learning (2) — ________ you ever ________ to the new science museum? — Not yet. I plan to go this weekend. A．Do; go B．Did; go C．Are; going D．Have; been (3) People’s reading habits ________ a lot since smartphones became widely used. A．change B．changed C．have changed D．are changing (4) I ________ to the countryside with my family last summer holiday. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone (5) —Look! The classroom is so clean.   —Yes. Someone ________ it up just now. A．cleans B．cleaned C．has cleaned D．will clean (6) —It’s still raining in Zhouqu. —Yeah. It’s terrible. Many villagers ________ their lives already. A．lose B．lost C．will lose D．have lost (7) —What are you doing, Lin Tao? —I’m solving the Luban lock. I ________ several times, but it’s so challenging! A．tried B．have tried C．was trying D．will try (8) — What did you do last Sunday? — I ________ as a volunteer in the community kitchen. A．work B．worked C．will work D．has worked (9) Mr. Green ________ in our school for five years, and he ________ here in 2018. A．has worked; came B．worked; came C．has worked; has come D．worked; has come (10) — Have you watered the flowers in the garden yet? — Yes. I ________ it ten minutes ago. A．have finished B．has finished C．finished D．finish (11) He ________ the city only once before, so he ________ his way to the museum very easily yesterday. A．has visited; has found B．visited; has found C．has visited; found D．visited; found (12) Emma rushes into the living room, waving her phone excitedly. “Guess what? I ________ for our trip to Japan! Cherry blossom season, here we come!” A．book the tickets B．am booking the tickets C．was booking the tickets D．have booked the tickets 2. 选用方框中的词填空 already   yet   just    never   always 1．I have cut my long hair. Look! It’s short now. 2．She has worried about her looks. She is very confident. 3．Chris has worn glasses since he was a child. He can’t see well without them. 4．I haven’t told Maddie the whole story . I will tell her tomorrow. 5．Jessica has changed her opinion on her looks. She now loves her freckles. 3. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) I’m really happy that my hometown ________ (become) increasingly beautiful these days! (2) When she was 13, a shark ________ (attack) her. (3) I was upset because I ________ (lose) my ID card on my way to the airport yesterday. (4) Mrs. White is brave. For many years she has ________ (fight) against her illness. (5) Our class ______ (beat) Class One and won the football game. (6) I ________ (choose) Journey to the West for my book report already. (7) My dad ________ the heavy box and put it on top of the shelf. (lift) (8) So far, we ______ (invite) ten people to take part in the daily activity. (9) I ________ (not finish) my homework yet. I need to finish it quickly. (10) Sally ________ (see) the movie before, so she doesn’t want to see it again. (11) — I left my homework on the desk just now. Who __________ (hand) it in? — Sorry, I don’t know. (12) My sister ________ her bike to Bob just now because his bike was broken. (lend) 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 语法填空 A In the corner of my room stands a piano. It takes up a large part of the space and it is the most important thing in my room. I 1 (have) this piano for five years. It was a gift from my dear grandma on my tenth birthday. At that time, buying a piano was not an easy thing for our family. Grandma 2 (save) every cent and visited countless stores, comparing prices and qualities (质量), trying to get the best one for me. When I first 3 (get) it, you wouldn’t imagine how excited I was. Since then, it 4 (be) a big part of my life. Every time I sat down to practise, Grandma would quietly sit beside me. Even though she 5 (not know) how to play the piano, her eyes would light up with warmth and pride (自豪) as she watched me play. She would encourage me with soft words like, “You 6 (do) great. Keep going!” We spent many afternoons like this, with me learning to play and her offering silent support (无声的支持). Sadly, Grandma passed away two years ago. But every time I 7 (sit) at the piano and start to play, it feels like she is right beside me. I 8 (keep) practising over the past two years since her passing, and the piano 9 (become) a bridge to my memories of Grandma. Even though Grandma is no longer here, the love she gave me through this piano 10 (stay) with me forever. B Mi was born in Sichuan Province. He is a street artist. He 1 (make) clay figurines (泥塑) in the past few years. In 2003, Mi 2 (lose) his hands in an accident. However, he didn’t lose hope for life and he learned to eat and get 3 (dress) on his own. He had to take care 4 his family. So he thought that he must find a way to make money by 5 (him) . One day Mi saw 6 old man making clay figurines on the street. Mi was interested in it and decided to learn from him. “ 7 the old man didn’t want to teach me, I didn’t give up. Finally he agreed 8 (teach) me how to make clay figurines.” Mi said. Learning clay figurines was difficult. However, he 9 (stick) to it and never thought of giving up. Now Mi can make a living by making clay figurines. Whenever he sits on the ground to make clay figurines, many people will 10 (quick) come to watch him. Prices are not set for his figurines. People can pay as they like. In this way, each figurine is sold for about 20 yuan. Mi is full of hope for a better future because he knows his hard work is worth it. 2. 翻译句子。 (1) 我们队很优秀,因为我们连续赢了三场比赛。 (2) 在英语学习中，Lisa已经取得了进步。 (3) 为了这次庭院旧货出售，我们家已经收集了很多东西。 (4) ——你曾经有没有读过科幻小说？ ——是的，我读过。 (5) 自从上周以来，我们已经学习了两首英文诗。 (since, poem) (6) 我还没有完成家庭作业，而他1个小时前就已经完成了。 (7) 多亏了政府的支持，这些村民的生活已经改善了很多。 (8) 他是中国最成功的音乐家之一。你曾经唱过他的歌曲吗？ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $