Unit 4 课时2 A universe of thought（分层作业）英语新教材冀教版九年级上册

Unit 4 Great people 课时2 A universe of thought 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 universe n.宇宙；世界 theory n.理论；学说；原理 article n.文章；条款；物品 receive v.收到；接纳 prize n.奖；奖品；奖赏 conclusion n.结论；结尾 go on 继续 in the field of 在......领域 pay attention to 注意；关注 句型 1. Albert Einstein was one of the greatest minds of the last century. 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦是上个世纪最伟大的智者之一。 2. But sometimes it was hard for him to pay attention to all the subjects. 但有时候他很难专注所有科目。 3. Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. 从不犯错的人，从未尝试过任何新事物。 4 . The important thing is not to stop questioning. 重要的事是不要停止质疑。 5. When he was a young boy, he showed a strong interest in science and maths. 当他还是小男孩的时候，他就对科学和数学表现出浓厚的兴趣。 ) 一、单词默写。 1.________n.宇宙；世界 2._________n.理论；学说；原理 3.________ n.文章；条款；物品 4._________ v.收到；接纳 5.________n.奖；奖品；奖赏 6._________ n.结论；结尾 【答案】universe ; theory ; article; receive; prize ; conclusion 二、词组默写。 1. 因…… 而闻名 _______________________ 2. 继续 _______________________ 3. 在......领域____________________ 4. 注意；关注 _________________ 5. 出生于（某地 / 某年）__________________ 6. 去世（委婉表达）_________________ 【答案】1.be famous for; 2.go on ; 3.in the field of ; 4.pay attention to; 5.be born in ; 6.pass away 三、根据要求完成句子 1.阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦是上个世纪最伟大的智者之一。 Albert Einstein was _______________ of the last century. 【答案】one of the greatest minds 【解析】one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 “最…… 之一”，谓语用单数。 2. 但有时候他很难专注所有科目。 But sometimes _________________________ attention to all the subjects. 【答案】it was hard for him to pay 【解析】It is/was + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是…… 的。 3.重要的事是不要停止质疑。 The important thing is not ________ questioning. 【答案】to stop 【解析】动词不定式作表语。 一、从方框中选择适当的词语填空,有两个多余单词。 during his lifetime; be famous for; show a strong interest in; pay attention to; go on to; in the field of; receive; pass away; give up; make a mistake; think about; solve 1. Albert Einstein ______ his Theory of Relativity. 2. ______, Einstein wrote many great articles about physics. 3. When he was young, he ______ science and maths. 4. It’s difficult for some students ______ what the teacher says in class. 5. After he finished school, he ______ study physics in Switzerland. 6. Einstein was a pioneer ______ modern physics. 7. He ______ the Nobel Prize in 1921. 8. Before he ______ in 1955, he wrote a letter to ask people to stop nuclear weapons. 9. Never ______ your dream when you meet troubles. 10. If you keep trying, you can ______ this physics problem. 【答案】1. was famous for ；2. During his lifetime；3. showed a strong interest in；4. to pay attention to 5. went on to ；6. in the field of ；7. received ；8. passed away ；9. give up ； 10.solve 【详解】1.句意：阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦因他的相对论而出名。 be famous for 因…… 闻名；本篇为过去的事实，用一般过去时，主语 Einstein 是单数，be 动词用 was。 2.句意：在他的一生中，爱因斯坦写了许多伟大的物理论文。during his lifetime 在他的一生中，在句中作时间状语，句首单词首字母大写。 3.句意：在他小时候，他就对科学和数学表现出浓厚的兴趣。 show a strong interest in 对…… 表现出浓厚兴趣；when 从句为一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时，show 变为 showed。 4.句意：一些学生很难在课堂上专心听老师讲课。 固定句型 It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事……，所以 to 后面用动词原形；pay attention to 注意、专注。 5.句意：毕业之后，他继续前往瑞士学习物理。go on to do sth. 接着 / 继续做另一件事；描述过去发生的事，go 的过去式 went。 6.句意：爱因斯坦是现代物理学领域的先驱。in the field of 在…… 领域，介词短语作后置定语。 7.句意：他在 1921 年获得诺贝尔奖。 receive 获得、收到；时间 in 1921 是过去时间，用过去式 received。 8.句意：1955 年他去世之前，他写了一封信呼吁人们放弃核武器。 pass away 去世（委婉用语）；in1955 为过去时间，pass 用过去式 passed。 9.句意：遇到困难时，永远不要放弃你的梦想。 解析：give up 放弃；祈使句否定形式 Never + 动词原形，直接用 give up。 10.句意：如果你坚持尝试，你就能解决这道物理难题。 解析：solve 解决（问题）；情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 二、完形填空 Albert Einstein is a world‑famous physicist. He was 1 in Germany in 1879. When he was young, he showed a strong 2 in science and maths. Some teachers thought he was not very bright, 3 he never gave up thinking. Later he went to Switzerland 4 physics. In 1905, he began to write papers and became a 5 in modern physics. He was 6 for his Theory of Relativity. In 1921, he 7 the Nobel Prize. Years later, he left Germany and moved to the USA．He kept on doing scientific research. In his last letter, he asked people 8 nuclear weapons. He believed the most important thing was not to stop 9 . Though he 10 away in 1955, his spirit still inspires us today. 1．A．born B．grown C．raised D．educated 2．A．hobby B．interest C．secret D．courage 3．A．so B．or C．but D．and 4．A．study B．studying C．to study D．studied 5．A．pioneer B．teacher C．soldier D．reporter 6．A．good B．ready C．famous D．thirsty 7．A．accepted B．received C．refused D．discovered 8．A．give up B．gave up C．giving up D．to give up 9．A．question B．questioning C．questions D．questioned 10．A．passed B．put C．got D．took 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了世界著名物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的生平，包括他的出生、求学经历、科学成就以及他对后人的精神激励。 【详解】1．句意：他于1879年出生在德国。 此处指“出生于德国”，be born in“出生于”为固定搭配，born符合语境。grown“成长”；raised“抚养”；educated“教育”，均不能与in构成“出生于”的固定表达。 2．句意：年轻时，他就对科学和数学表现出浓厚的兴趣。 根据“in science and maths”可知他对科学和数学感兴趣，show a strong interest in“对……表现出浓厚兴趣”为固定搭配，interest符合语境。hobby“爱好”；secret“秘密”；courage“勇气”，均不符合。 3．句意：一些老师认为他不太聪明，但他从未放弃思考。 根据“Some teachers thought he was not very bright”和“he never gave up thinking”可知，前后为转折关系，but“但是”符合语境。so“所以”表因果；or“或者”表选择；and“和”表并列，均不符合转折逻辑。 4．句意：后来他去瑞士学习物理。 go to Switzerland to study physics“去瑞士学习物理”，to study为不定式表目的，符合语境。study为动词原形；studying为动名词；studied为过去式，均不符合“去某地做某事”的不定式用法。 5．句意：1905年，他开始写论文，成为现代物理学的先驱。 根据“In 1905, he began to write papers”和爱因斯坦的成就可知，他是现代物理学的先驱，pioneer“先驱”符合语境。teacher“教师”；soldier“士兵”；reporter“记者”，均不符合爱因斯坦在物理学领域的地位。 6．句意：他因相对论而闻名。 根据“for his Theory of Relativity”以及常识，爱因斯坦因为相对论而闻名，be famous for“因……而闻名”为固定搭配，famous符合语境。good“好的”；ready“准备好的”；thirsty“口渴的”，均不能与for构成“因……而闻名”的搭配。 7．句意：1921年，他获得了诺贝尔奖。 此处指“获得诺贝尔奖”，received符合语境。accepted“接受”多指主观接受；refused“拒绝”；discovered“发现”，均不符合“获得奖项”的语境。 8．句意：在最后一封信中，他要求人们放弃核武器。 ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”为固定搭配，to give up符合语境。give up为动词原形；gave up为过去式；giving up为动名词，均不符合ask后接不定式的用法。 9．句意：他相信最重要的事情是不要停止质疑。 stop doing sth.“停止做某事”为固定搭配，questioning“质疑”符合语境。question为名词或动词原形；questions为名词复数；questioned为过去式，均不符合stop后接动名词的用法。 10．句意：尽管他在1955年去世了，但他的精神至今仍激励着我们。 根据“away in 1955, his spirit still inspires us today.”可知他去世了，但是他的精神仍然激励我们，pass away“去世”为固定搭配，passed符合语境。put“放”；got“得到”；took“拿”，均不能与away构成“去世”的固定表达。 1、 短文填空 Zhang Guimei, the founder of the first free girls’ high school in China, has changed thousands of 1 (girl) lives. Looking back, she never 2 (imagine) she would become such an inspiring figure. Born in 1957, Zhang taught in a remote mountain area in Yunnan. She noticed many girls 3 (drop) out of school because of poverty. Deeply 4 (move) by their situation, she decided to build a school for them. In 2008, after years of hard 5 (work) to get support, Huaping Girls’ High School opened. She has raised money, walked to students’ homes, and persuaded parents to let daughters study. She is so busy that she seldom has time 6 (rest). Thanks to her, over 2,000 girls 7 (enter) college so far. Her 8 (devote) has won national respect. She says, “I 9 (do) this as long as I can stand.” Her spirit 10 (inspire) countless people to give back to society. 【答案】 1．girls’ 2．imagined 3．dropping 4．moved 5．work 6．to rest 7．have entered 8．devotion 9．will do 10．inspires 【导语】本文介绍中国第一所免费女子高中的创办者张桂梅，讲述她扎根云南山区，看到贫困女孩辍学，历尽艰辛创办华坪女高，帮助数千女孩圆大学梦，她的奉献精神感动国人、激励大众。         【详解】1．句意：张桂梅，中国第一所免费女子高中的创办者，改变了成千上万女孩的人生。后面有名词lives，需要名词所有格；thousands of后面接可数名词复数girls，复数名词所有格直接加’，应填girls’。 2．句意：回首往事，她从未想到自己会成为这样一位鼓舞人心的人物。整个句子是过去发生的事情，主句用一般过去时，imagine的过去式为imagined。 3．句意：她注意到很多女孩因为贫困辍学。notice sb. doing sth.表示“注意到某人正在做某事”，强调当时看到女孩们正处在辍学的状态，贴合原文语境，应填dropping。 4．句意：被她们的处境深深打动，她决定为她们建一所学校。主语she和move之间是被动关系，此处为过去分词作状语，move的过去分词是moved。 5．句意：2008年，经过多年努力争取资助，华坪女子高级中学开学了。hard work“努力”，work此处为不可数名词。应填work。 6．句意：她如此忙碌以至于很少有时间休息。固定搭配have time to do sth.有时间做某事，用不定式作后置定语，应填to rest。 7．句意：多亏了她，到目前为止已有2000多名女孩考上大学。时间标志词so far（到目前为止），是现在完成时的标志，主语girls为复数，应填have entered。 8．句意：她的奉献赢得了全国人民的尊重。形容词性物主代词Her后面需要名词，devote的名词形式devotion，意为奉献。 9．句意：她说：“只要我还能站着，我就会一直做这件事。”as long as引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，主句用一般将来时，应填will do。 10．句意：她的精神激励无数人回馈社会。主语Her spirit是单数，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数，inspire的第三人称单数是inspires。 2、 阅读理解 A Professor Wu is a famous botanist in China. For over 20 years, she has been working in the rainforests of Xishuangbanna. Her job is to study wild plants. Every day, she walks deep into the forest with her team. They look for new plant species and record their information. Sometimes they have to stay in the forest for days. It is hard work, but Professor Wu never gives up. Once, she fell off a tree and hurt her leg badly. But she went back to the forest soon after she got better. “I love plants. I want to find more unknown plants and protect them,” she says. Thanks to her hard work, over 100 new plant species have been discovered. She also teaches local people how to protect plants. She says everyone can do something to protect nature. 1．How long has Professor Wu worked in the rainforests? A．For about 10 years. B．For over 20 years. C．For about 30 years. D．For over 50 years. 2．What happened to Professor Wu once? A．She got lost in the forest. B．She fell ill seriously. C．She fell off a tree and hurt her leg. D．She found a rare animal. 3．What can we learn from Professor Wu? A．We should keep trying and never give up. B．Wild plants are not important. C．It’s easy to work in the rainforests. D．Only scientists can protect nature. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文讲述了植物学家吴教授在云南西双版纳雨林工作超过20年，研究野生植物并保护它们的故事。 【详解】1．第一段指出“For over 20 years, she has been working in the rainforests of Xishuangbanna.”，这直接说明吴教授在雨林工作了超过20年。 2．第三段指出“Once, she fell off a tree and hurt her leg badly.”，这直接说明吴教授曾经从树上摔下来并伤到了腿。 3．第二段指出“It is hard work, but Professor Wu never gives up.”，这说明吴教授面对困难从不放弃。 B Who Inspires You? We asked students to share the inspiring people in their lives. Here are two replies. Posted by Li Wei, 13, Beijing    7 October, 9:15 My hero is Su Bingtian, the Chinese sprinter. At the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, he became the first Asian runner to reach the men’s 100m final. He was 32 years old then — not young for a sprinter! What inspires me most is his perseverance. He once had a serious injury but never gave up. He kept training and finally made history. He shows us that with hard work and belief, we can break limits. Likes 856 Posted by Wang Fang, 14, Chengdu    7 October, 10:30 I admire Tu Youyou, the scientist who discovered artemisinin. Her medicine has saved millions of lives from malaria. She spent years researching in poor conditions and even tested the medicine on herself first to make sure it was safe. She won the Nobel Prize in 2015 but remains modest and hard-working. She teaches me that true success is not about prizes, but about helping others. Likes 921 1．What happened to Su Bingtian at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics? A．He won a gold medal. B．He reached the men’s 100m final as the first Asian runner. C．He broke his leg during training. 2．What do Su Bingtian and Tu Youyou have in common? A．They both won gold medals at the Olympics. B．They both faced difficulties but never gave up. C．They both studied abroad for many years. 3．Where can we probably read the text? A．In a storybook. B．On a school website. C．In a science report. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要展示了两位学生Li Wei和Wang Fang在网上分享的各自生活中的励志人物苏炳添和屠呦呦的事迹及精神。 【详解】 1．文中“Posted by Li Wei, 13, Beijing”部分指出“At the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, he became the first Asian runner to reach the men’s 100m final.”，可知苏炳添在2020东京奥运会成为首位闯入男子百米决赛的亚洲选手。 2．文中“Posted by Li Wei, 13, Beijing”部分指出“He once had a serious injury but never gave up.”以及文中“Posted by Wang Fang, 14, Chengdu”部分指出“She spent years researching in poor conditions...remains modest and hard-working.”，可知两人都面对困难但从未放弃，具有坚持不懈的精神。 3．根据文章开头“We asked students to share...”以及“Posted by...”和“Likes”信息可知，这篇文章具有网络帖子特征且涉及学生分享，最可能出现在学校网站上。 一、阅读理解 A （2026·贵州贵阳·中考真题） As the world’s largest real-time ticketing system (系统), 12306 serves over 700 million users. The “super brain” behind this system is Shan Xinghua, leading researcher at the China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation. In 1996, Shan joined a new team with the task of creating a national ticketing system. Over the years, she has led the system through several big events. The system was put into use in 2011, and it faced its biggest conundrum during the 2012 Spring Festival travel rush. It broke down several times because of the heavy visits. Faced with this problem, Shan told her team, “We must find a way, no matter how difficult it is.” Working around the clock, they successfully improved the system, allowing it to deal with over 1.4 billion daily visits and doubling its daily ticket sales capacity (能力). In 2017, Shan and her team started the e-ticket reform in Hainan. Passengers could enter the station through facial scanning (面部扫描). Shan found the slow speed was the most serious problem with the system. Then Shan and her team spent several months developing a new facial recognition system. With it, passengers can pass through the ticket gate in about 1.5 seconds. Shan said, “Technology should serve society and improve people’s lives.” To make travel more convenient, Shan and her team always listen to passengers’ voices. They hope to improve their services and satisfy more people. 1．When did Shan join the team to create a national ticketing system? A．In 1996. B．In 2011. C．In 2012. 2．What does the underlined word “conundrum” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Choice. B．Chance. C．Challenge. 3．Why was a new facial recognition system developed? A．To avoid the breakdown of the system. B．To double the capacity of daily ticket sales. C．To cut the time of going through ticket gates. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．“Super Brain” Behind 12306 B．Ticketing Systems in the World C．People’s Lives with Technology 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了12306票务系统及其背后的核心人物单杏花，讲述了她带领团队攻克技术难题、推动电子客票改革的历程，展现了科技如何服务社会、改善人们出行体验。 【详解】1．第二段提到“In 1996, Shan joined a new team with the task of creating a national ticketing system.”，说明单杏花是在1996年加入团队开始创建全国票务系统的。 2．第三段提到“It broke down several times because of the heavy visits. Faced with this problem…”，从系统多次崩溃、“面对这个问题”可以推断conundrum表示“难题”，与challenge表示“挑战”的意思相近。 3．第四段提到“Shan found the slow speed was the most serious problem with the system…With it, passengers can pass through the ticket gate in about 1.5 seconds.”，说明开发新的人脸识别系统是为了解决速度慢的问题，从而缩短乘客通过检票口的时间。 4．全文围绕12306系统背后的单杏花及其团队展开，第一段就点明“The ‘super brain’ behind this system is Shan Xinghua”,可知单杏花是12306票务系统背后的“超级大脑”，随后本文又依次介绍了单杏花带领团队创建系统、攻克春运技术难关、推动海南电子客票改革等事迹。 B （2026·甘肃兰州·中考真题） Wang Miao was born in the Year of the Dragon near the Bohai Sea. Her grandfather named her Miao, which has three Chinese characters for “water”. He said dragons live well with water, so this name would bring her good luck. From then on, she was closely connected with water. Wang Miao began to dive in 2015 in the Philippines. As she spent more time in the water, she began to see not only the ocean’s beauty but also its suffering. No matter where or how deep she went in the sea, she always found rubbish. She knew she must do something, even if one person’s effort might seem small. After graduation, Wang Miao began working on environmental projects. She realized diving is a very good skill for ocean protection. Divers join hands to deal with the waste fishing nets and other rubbish. This way works well in Russia, New Zealand and some other countries. She thought it could work in China too. So in 2017, she started the group Better Blue to protect the ocean. Many people do not understand why well-educated people like her work as “sea cleaners”. But she said, “Don’t go after success the way others do. Be the change you wish to see and stay true.” In September 2018, Wang Miao became the first Chinese who won the UN Young Champions of the Earth Award. And in 2026, she was honored with the Study UK Alumni Awards. Wang Miao has spoken at many international meetings on what China has done for ocean protection. Now more and more Chinese young divers are becoming guardians of the ocean. 1．What’s Wang Miao’s first name in Chinese according to paragraph 1? A．苗 B．淼 C．渺 D．妙 2．What made Wang Miao decide to do her part to save the ocean? A．Learning about how to dive. B．Seeing ocean hurt by rubbish. C．The action taken by Better Blue. D．The encouragement from her grandpa. 3．What is the right order of the following information about Wang Miao from the passage? a. She set up Better Blue. b. She got the Study UK Alumni Awards. c. She started to dive in the Philippines. d. She won the UN Young Champions of the Earth Award. A．c-b-a-d B．a-c-d-b C．c-a-d-b D．a-b-d-c 4．Which of the following words can best describe Wang Miao? A．Humorous. B．Polite. C．Quiet. D．Responsible. 5．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Giving Oceans a Voice B．Learning a Good Skill C．Setting up Your Own Group D．Picking up Rubbish Everywhere 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍王淼因祖父取名与“水”结缘，后成为潜水员，因见海洋垃圾污染，创立Better Blue组织，致力于海洋保护并获得国际荣誉。 【详解】1．第一段提到“which has three Chinese characters for ‘water’ ”（由三个‘水’字组成的汉字），选项中唯一由三个“水”字组成的汉字是淼。 2．第二段明确写道“she began to see not only the ocean’s beauty but also its suffering... she always found rubbish. She knew she must do something.”，正是看到海洋被垃圾伤害促使她行动。 3．通读全文可知，c. 2015年开始在菲律宾潜水（第二段）；a. 2017年创立Better Blue（第三段）；d. 2018年获联合国青年地球卫士奖（第四段）；b. 2026年获英国杰出校友大奖（第四段），正确顺序为c-a-d-b。 4．文章提到她看到海洋污染后主动行动，创立组织、参与国际会议，体现了强烈的责任感（responsible）。文中未体现幽默（humorous）、礼貌（polite）或安静（quiet）。 5．全文围绕王淼为海洋保护发声、采取行动、获得国际认可展开。“Giving Oceans a Voice”（为海洋发声）最能概括主旨。其他选项过窄（如“捡垃圾”）或偏离核心。 二、完形填空 （2025·四川甘孜·中考真题） Wang Yaping, China’s first female astronaut to teach in space, once had a simple dream: to touch the stars. Growing up in a small village, she loved watching the night 1 . “Why can’t I fly up there?” she wondered. In 2013, her dream came true. She was on the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and 2 15 days in space. During the time, she gave a live science lesson to over 60 million students on Earth! Using some special tools, she 3 how physics works without gravity (重力). The children’s eyes lit up with wonder. But becoming an astronaut wasn’t 4 . Training was difficult. For years, she practiced in spinning machines that made her dizzy (眩晕的), stayed in freezing cold rooms to prepare for space’s environment, and even 5 to fix spacecraft problems underwater. “Never give up,” she told herself during the 6 days. In 2021, Wang 7 space on the Shenzhou-13 mission (任务). This time, she stayed six months in the Tiangong space station, setting a record for Chinese women in space. She did experiments, exercised daily to stay 8 , and even celebrated her daughter’s birthday through a video call. “Mom, you’re a 9 !” her daughter said. Wang’s journey shows that ordinary people can achieve 10 things. Today, she inspires millions to study science and aim for the stars. With China planning deep-space exploration, her courage lights the path for future generations. 1．A．light B．village C．sky D．house 2．A．wasted B．needed C．spent D．played 3．A．asked B．showed C．remembered D．wondered 4．A．easy B．good C．possible D．wise 5．A．forgot B．refused C．wanted D．learned 6．A．hardest B．hottest C．finest D．happiest 7．A．thought of B．returned to C．called for D．turned to 8．A．healthy B．friendly C．sleepy D．alive 9．A．scientist B．traveller C．hero D．friend 10．A．funny B．simple C．strange D．great 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文讲述中国首位太空授课女航天员王亚平追逐星空梦想、历经艰苦训练，两次进入太空执行任务并创造纪录的故事，诠释了普通人也能成就非凡，激励人们心怀梦想、勇于拼搏、奔赴星辰大海。 【详解】1．句意：她在小村庄长大，喜欢仰望夜空。 固定搭配night sky“夜空”，符合仰望星空、触碰星辰的语境；village村庄、house房屋、light灯光均不符合搭配与句意。 2．句意：她搭乘神舟十号飞船，在太空度过了15天。 spent花费、度过，后接时间符合语境；wasted浪费、needed需要、played玩耍均不符句意。 3．句意：她利用特殊工具，演示了失重状态下的物理原理。 showed展示、演示，契合太空授课讲解物理知识的场景；asked询问、remembered记得、wondered想知道均不符。 4．句意：但成为航天员并不容易。 根据后文“Training was difficult”，可知成为航天员并不轻松，easy“容易的”符合语境；good好的、possible可能的、wise明智的均不符。 5．句意：她甚至学习在水下维修航天器故障。 learned学习，指训练中学习专业维修技能；forgot忘记、refused拒绝、wanted想要均不符训练场景。 6．句意：在最艰难的日子里，她告诉自己永不放弃。 前文讲述高强度艰苦训练，hardest“最艰难的”贴合语境；hottest最热的、finest最好的、happiest最快乐的均不符。 7．句意：2021年，王亚平搭乘神舟十三号任务重返太空。 returned to返回、重回，契合再次执行太空任务的文意；thought of想起、called for呼吁、turned to求助均不符。 8．句意：她做实验、日常锻炼来保持身体健康。 固定搭配stay healthy保持健康，符合航天员太空锻炼的目的；friendly友好的、sleepy困倦的、alive活着的均不符。 9．句意：妈妈，你是一位英雄！ 女儿为母亲航天事业感到骄傲，hero英雄符合语境；scientist科学家、traveller旅行者、friend朋友均不符合情感表达。 10．句意：王亚平的经历证明普通人也能成就伟大的事业。 great伟大的，贴合追梦圆梦、创造航天纪录的主旨；funny有趣的、simple简单的、strange奇怪的均不符。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Great people 课时2 A universe of thought 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 __________ n.宇宙；世界 __________ n.理论；学说；原理 __________ n.文章；条款；物品 __________ v.收到；接纳 __________n.奖；奖品；奖赏 __________ n.结论；结尾 __________ 继续 __________在......领域 __________注意；关注 句型 1.Albert Einstein was __________ the greatest minds of the last century. 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦是上个世纪最伟大的智者之一。 2.But sometimes __________ attention to all the subjects. 但有时候他很难专注所有科目。 3.Anyone __________ has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. 从不犯错的人，从未尝试过任何新事物。 4.The important thing is not __________ questioning. 重要的事是不要停止质疑。 5.__________he was a young boy, he showed a strong interest in science and maths. 当他还是小男孩的时候，他就对科学和数学表现出浓厚的兴趣。 ) 一、单词默写。 1.________n.宇宙；世界 2._________n.理论；学说；原理 3.________ n.文章；条款；物品 4._________ v.收到；接纳 5.________n.奖；奖品；奖赏 6._________ n.结论；结尾 二、词组默写。 1. 因…… 而闻名 _______________________ 2. 继续 _______________________ 3. 在......领域____________________ 4. 注意；关注 _________________ 5. 出生于（某地 / 某年）__________________ 6. 去世（委婉表达）_________________ 三、根据要求完成句子 1.阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦是上个世纪最伟大的智者之一。 Albert Einstein was _______________ of the last century. 2. 但有时候他很难专注所有科目。 But sometimes _________________________ attention to all the subjects. 3.重要的事是不要停止质疑。 The important thing is not ________ questioning. 一、从方框中选择适当的词语填空,有两个多余单词。 during his lifetime; be famous for; show a strong interest in; pay attention to; go on to; in the field of; receive; pass away; give up; make a mistake; think about; solve 1. Albert Einstein ______ his Theory of Relativity. 2. ______, Einstein wrote many great articles about physics. 3. When he was young, he ______ science and maths. 4. It’s difficult for some students ______ what the teacher says in class. 5. After he finished school, he ______ study physics in Switzerland. 6. Einstein was a pioneer ______ modern physics. 7. He ______ the Nobel Prize in 1921. 8. Before he ______ in 1955, he wrote a letter to ask people to stop nuclear weapons. 9. Never ______ your dream when you meet troubles. 10. If you keep trying, you can ______ this physics problem. 二、完形填空 Albert Einstein is a world‑famous physicist. He was 1 in Germany in 1879. When he was young, he showed a strong 2 in science and maths. Some teachers thought he was not very bright, 3 he never gave up thinking. Later he went to Switzerland 4 physics. In 1905, he began to write papers and became a 5 in modern physics. He was 6 for his Theory of Relativity. In 1921, he 7 the Nobel Prize. Years later, he left Germany and moved to the USA．He kept on doing scientific research. In his last letter, he asked people 8 nuclear weapons. He believed the most important thing was not to stop 9 . Though he 10 away in 1955, his spirit still inspires us today. 1．A．born B．grown C．raised D．educated 2．A．hobby B．interest C．secret D．courage 3．A．so B．or C．but D．and 4．A．study B．studying C．to study D．studied 5．A．pioneer B．teacher C．soldier D．reporter 6．A．good B．ready C．famous D．thirsty 7．A．accepted B．received C．refused D．discovered 8．A．give up B．gave up C．giving up D．to give up 9．A．question B．questioning C．questions D．questioned 10．A．passed B．put C．got D．took 1、 短文填空 Zhang Guimei, the founder of the first free girls’ high school in China, has changed thousands of 1 (girl) lives. Looking back, she never 2 (imagine) she would become such an inspiring figure. Born in 1957, Zhang taught in a remote mountain area in Yunnan. She noticed many girls 3 (drop) out of school because of poverty. Deeply 4 (move) by their situation, she decided to build a school for them. In 2008, after years of hard 5 (work) to get support, Huaping Girls’ High School opened. She has raised money, walked to students’ homes, and persuaded parents to let daughters study. She is so busy that she seldom has time 6 (rest). Thanks to her, over 2,000 girls 7 (enter) college so far. Her 8 (devote) has won national respect. She says, “I 9 (do) this as long as I can stand.” Her spirit 10 (inspire) countless people to give back to society. 2、 阅读理解 A Professor Wu is a famous botanist in China. For over 20 years, she has been working in the rainforests of Xishuangbanna. Her job is to study wild plants. Every day, she walks deep into the forest with her team. They look for new plant species and record their information. Sometimes they have to stay in the forest for days. It is hard work, but Professor Wu never gives up. Once, she fell off a tree and hurt her leg badly. But she went back to the forest soon after she got better. “I love plants. I want to find more unknown plants and protect them,” she says. Thanks to her hard work, over 100 new plant species have been discovered. She also teaches local people how to protect plants. She says everyone can do something to protect nature. 1．How long has Professor Wu worked in the rainforests? A．For about 10 years. B．For over 20 years. C．For about 30 years. D．For over 50 years. 2．What happened to Professor Wu once? A．She got lost in the forest. B．She fell ill seriously. C．She fell off a tree and hurt her leg. D．She found a rare animal. 3．What can we learn from Professor Wu? A．We should keep trying and never give up. B．Wild plants are not important. C．It’s easy to work in the rainforests. D．Only scientists can protect nature. B Who Inspires You? We asked students to share the inspiring people in their lives. Here are two replies. Posted by Li Wei, 13, Beijing    7 October, 9:15 My hero is Su Bingtian, the Chinese sprinter. At the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, he became the first Asian runner to reach the men’s 100m final. He was 32 years old then — not young for a sprinter! What inspires me most is his perseverance. He once had a serious injury but never gave up. He kept training and finally made history. He shows us that with hard work and belief, we can break limits. Likes 856 Posted by Wang Fang, 14, Chengdu    7 October, 10:30 I admire Tu Youyou, the scientist who discovered artemisinin. Her medicine has saved millions of lives from malaria. She spent years researching in poor conditions and even tested the medicine on herself first to make sure it was safe. She won the Nobel Prize in 2015 but remains modest and hard-working. She teaches me that true success is not about prizes, but about helping others. Likes 921 1．What happened to Su Bingtian at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics? A．He won a gold medal. B．He reached the men’s 100m final as the first Asian runner. C．He broke his leg during training. 2．What do Su Bingtian and Tu Youyou have in common? A．They both won gold medals at the Olympics. B．They both faced difficulties but never gave up. C．They both studied abroad for many years. 3．Where can we probably read the text? A．In a storybook. B．On a school website. C．In a science report. 一、阅读理解 A （2026·贵州贵阳·中考真题） As the world’s largest real-time ticketing system (系统), 12306 serves over 700 million users. The “super brain” behind this system is Shan Xinghua, leading researcher at the China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation. In 1996, Shan joined a new team with the task of creating a national ticketing system. Over the years, she has led the system through several big events. The system was put into use in 2011, and it faced its biggest conundrum during the 2012 Spring Festival travel rush. It broke down several times because of the heavy visits. Faced with this problem, Shan told her team, “We must find a way, no matter how difficult it is.” Working around the clock, they successfully improved the system, allowing it to deal with over 1.4 billion daily visits and doubling its daily ticket sales capacity (能力). In 2017, Shan and her team started the e-ticket reform in Hainan. Passengers could enter the station through facial scanning (面部扫描). Shan found the slow speed was the most serious problem with the system. Then Shan and her team spent several months developing a new facial recognition system. With it, passengers can pass through the ticket gate in about 1.5 seconds. Shan said, “Technology should serve society and improve people’s lives.” To make travel more convenient, Shan and her team always listen to passengers’ voices. They hope to improve their services and satisfy more people. 1．When did Shan join the team to create a national ticketing system? A．In 1996. B．In 2011. C．In 2012. 2．What does the underlined word “conundrum” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Choice. B．Chance. C．Challenge. 3．Why was a new facial recognition system developed? A．To avoid the breakdown of the system. B．To double the capacity of daily ticket sales. C．To cut the time of going through ticket gates. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．“Super Brain” Behind 12306 B．Ticketing Systems in the World C．People’s Lives with Technology B （2026·甘肃兰州·中考真题） Wang Miao was born in the Year of the Dragon near the Bohai Sea. Her grandfather named her Miao, which has three Chinese characters for “water”. He said dragons live well with water, so this name would bring her good luck. From then on, she was closely connected with water. Wang Miao began to dive in 2015 in the Philippines. As she spent more time in the water, she began to see not only the ocean’s beauty but also its suffering. No matter where or how deep she went in the sea, she always found rubbish. She knew she must do something, even if one person’s effort might seem small. After graduation, Wang Miao began working on environmental projects. She realized diving is a very good skill for ocean protection. Divers join hands to deal with the waste fishing nets and other rubbish. This way works well in Russia, New Zealand and some other countries. She thought it could work in China too. So in 2017, she started the group Better Blue to protect the ocean. Many people do not understand why well-educated people like her work as “sea cleaners”. But she said, “Don’t go after success the way others do. Be the change you wish to see and stay true.” In September 2018, Wang Miao became the first Chinese who won the UN Young Champions of the Earth Award. And in 2026, she was honored with the Study UK Alumni Awards. Wang Miao has spoken at many international meetings on what China has done for ocean protection. Now more and more Chinese young divers are becoming guardians of the ocean. 1．What’s Wang Miao’s first name in Chinese according to paragraph 1? A．苗 B．淼 C．渺 D．妙 2．What made Wang Miao decide to do her part to save the ocean? A．Learning about how to dive. B．Seeing ocean hurt by rubbish. C．The action taken by Better Blue. D．The encouragement from her grandpa. 3．What is the right order of the following information about Wang Miao from the passage? a. She set up Better Blue. b. She got the Study UK Alumni Awards. c. She started to dive in the Philippines. d. She won the UN Young Champions of the Earth Award. A．c-b-a-d B．a-c-d-b C．c-a-d-b D．a-b-d-c 4．Which of the following words can best describe Wang Miao? A．Humorous. B．Polite. C．Quiet. D．Responsible. 5．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Giving Oceans a Voice B．Learning a Good Skill C．Setting up Your Own Group D．Picking up Rubbish Everywhere 二、完形填空 （2025·四川甘孜·中考真题） Wang Yaping, China’s first female astronaut to teach in space, once had a simple dream: to touch the stars. Growing up in a small village, she loved watching the night 1 . “Why can’t I fly up there?” she wondered. In 2013, her dream came true. She was on the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and 2 15 days in space. During the time, she gave a live science lesson to over 60 million students on Earth! Using some special tools, she 3 how physics works without gravity (重力). The children’s eyes lit up with wonder. But becoming an astronaut wasn’t 4 . Training was difficult. For years, she practiced in spinning machines that made her dizzy (眩晕的), stayed in freezing cold rooms to prepare for space’s environment, and even 5 to fix spacecraft problems underwater. “Never give up,” she told herself during the 6 days. In 2021, Wang 7 space on the Shenzhou-13 mission (任务). This time, she stayed six months in the Tiangong space station, setting a record for Chinese women in space. She did experiments, exercised daily to stay 8 , and even celebrated her daughter’s birthday through a video call. “Mom, you’re a 9 !” her daughter said. Wang’s journey shows that ordinary people can achieve 10 things. Today, she inspires millions to study science and aim for the stars. With China planning deep-space exploration, her courage lights the path for future generations. 1．A．light B．village C．sky D．house 2．A．wasted B．needed C．spent D．played 3．A．asked B．showed C．remembered D．wondered 4．A．easy B．good C．possible D．wise 5．A．forgot B．refused C．wanted D．learned 6．A．hardest B．hottest C．finest D．happiest 7．A．thought of B．returned to C．called for D．turned to 8．A．healthy B．friendly C．sleepy D．alive 9．A．scientist B．traveller C．hero D．friend 10．A．funny B．simple C．strange D．great ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Great people 课时2 A universe of thought 分层作业 参考答案 ( 词汇 universe theory article receive prize conclusion go on in the field of pay attention to 句型 1. one of 2. it was hard for him to pay 3. who 4. to stop 5. When ) 一、单词默写。 universe ; theory ; article; receive; prize ; conclusion 二、词组默写。 1.be famous for; 2.go on ; 3.in the field of ; 4.pay attention to; 5.be born in ; 6.pass away 三、根据要求完成句子 1.one of the greatest minds 2. it was hard for him to pay 3.to stop 一、从方框中选择适当的词语填空,有两个多余单词。 1. was famous for ；2. During his lifetime；3. showed a strong interest in；4. to pay attention to 5. went on to ；6. in the field of ；7. received ；8. passed away ；9. give up ； 10.solve 二、完形填空 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．A 1、 短文填空 1．girls’ 2．imagined 3．dropping 4．moved 5．work 6．to rest 7．have entered 8．devotion 9．will do 10．inspires 2、 阅读理解 A 1．B 2．C 3．A B 1．B 2．B 3．B 一、阅读理解 A 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A B 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 二、完形填空 1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $