Unit 2 Period 2 Learning about Language（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

Unit 2 Looking into the future Learning about Language 一、重点单词 1． detect vt. 发现；查明；探测 2． integrate vt.& vi.（使）合并，（使）成为一体 3． leak vt.& vi. 漏，渗漏；透露 n. 漏洞，裂缝；泄露 4． switch n. 开关；转换器；改变 vt.& vi.（使）改变，转变 5． monitor n. 监视器；班长；监控器 vt. 监控；监测 6． cure v. 治愈；治好；解决 n. 疗法；药物；对策 7． issue n. 问题；议题；发行物 v. 发布；发行 8． reject vt. 拒绝；排斥；不予考虑 9． preference n. 偏爱；偏好；爱好 10． routine n.& 常规，正常顺序 adj. 常规，日常的 11． potential adj. 潜在的 n. 潜力；可能性 12． fantasy n. 幻想；想象 13． abnormal adj. 不正常的，反常的 14． automatic adj. 自动的 15． available adj. 可获得的，可购得的；（人）有空的 16． constant adj. 不断的，重复的，不变的 n. 常数，常量 17. critical adj. 严重的；关键的；批判性的 18. efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的 19. distant adj. 遥远的；疏远的；心不在焉的 20. relevant adj. 有关的；有意义的 21. secure adj. 安全的，安心的，可靠的，牢固的 v. 获得；保护；拴牢 22. combine v.（使）结合；组合；联合 23. security n. 安全；安保；保障 二、重点单词变形 1. constant adj. 不断的；重复的；不变的　n. 常数；常量→ constantly adv. 始终；一直 2. abnormal adj. 不正常的；反常的→ normal adj. 正常的　n. 常态；通常标准；一般水平→ normally adv. 正常地 3. critical adj. 严重的；关键的；批判性的→ critically adv. 严重地；批判性地；批评性地→ criticise / criticize vi. & vt. 批评；挑剔；指责　vt. 评论→ criticism n. 批评；批判；评论→ critic n. 评论家；批评者；挑剔的人 4. potential adj. 可能的；潜在的　n. 潜力；可能性→ potentially adv. 潜在地；可能地 5. leak vi. & vt. 漏；渗漏；透露　n. 漏洞；裂缝；透露→ leaky adj. 有漏洞的；有漏隙的；渗漏的→ leakage n. 泄漏量；漏损量；泄漏；渗漏 6. electrical adj. 电的；用电的；与电有关的→ electricity n. 电→ electric adj. 电的；电动的；用电 electrical 　充满刺激的；令人激动的 7. wire n. 电线；金属丝 (或线)　vt. 接通电源；将…… 连接到→ wiring n. 电线线路；线路系统 detect vt. 发现；查明→ detection n. 侦查；探测；察觉；发现→ detective n. 侦探→ detector n. 探测器；侦察器；检测器 8. relevant adj. 有关的；有意义的→ irrelevant adj. 不相关的；无关紧要的→ revelance n. 相关性；意义 9. fantasy n. 幻想；想象→ fantastic adj. 奇异的；空想的；异想天开的→ fantanstically adv. 想象中地；奇特地；难以置信地 10. innovation n. 创新；创造→ innocate vt. 引入 (新事物、思想或方法); 创新；改革→ innovative adj. 引进新思想的；采用新方法的；革新的；创新的 11. available adj. 可获得的；可购得的；(人) 有空的→ availability n. 可用；可得到；有空闲 12. structure n. 结构；体系 vt. 系统安排；精心组织→ structural adj. 结构上的→ structued adj. 有结构的；有组织的 13. crime n. 犯罪活动；不法行为→ criminal n. 罪犯　adj. 犯罪的；犯法的；涉及犯罪的 14. combine vt. & vi. (使) 结合；混合　vt. 兼有；兼做→ combination n. 结合 (体); 混合 (体)→ combined adj. 联合的；共同的；加在一起的 15. artificial adj. 人工的；人造的；假的→ articifially adv. 人工地；人为地；不自然地 16. predict vt. 预测；预言；预料→ prediction n. 预测；预言→ predictable adj. 可预见的；意料之中的→ predictability n. 可预测性 17. occupation n. 职业；占领→ occupy vt. 占领；占据；使用，占用；居住；使忙于；忙着→ occupied adj. 使用中；占用的；被占领的；忙于…… 的 三、必备词块 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. a smart remote control - 智能遥控器 2. be occupied in doing - 忙于 3. combine theory with practice - 把理论与实践相结合 4. in this sense - 从这个意义上说 5. resist the temptation of short videos - 抵制短视频的诱惑 6. widespread resistance among travellers - 旅行者中普遍的抵触 / 反对 7. in the absence of regular exercise - 在缺乏规律锻炼的情况下 8. be resistant to various winter viruses - 抵抗各种冬季病毒 9. be absent from our graduation ceremony - 缺席了我们的毕业典礼 10. keep in touch with - 与…… 保持联系 11. lay great emphasis on creating - 非常重视营造 12. advocate setting aside fixed time - 倡导留出固定时间 13. firmly opposed to doing - 坚决反对 14. map out your future career - 规划未来的职业 15. accurate statistics - 准确的统计数据 16. remain a distant goal 仍然是一个遥远的目标 17. shape a brilliant prospect - 塑造光明的前景 四、必会考点 1. command command英 /kəˈmɑːnd/ 美 /kəˈmænd/ ① n. 命令；指挥；掌握，精通（高频高考义） 命令；指令give a command 下达命令obey a command 服从命令 指挥，掌控take command of … 接管；指挥……in command of 指挥（主动）in the command of 由…… 指挥（被动） 掌握；精通【写作阅读高频】have a good command of … 精通 / 熟练掌握……（作文万能句型） He has a good command of English. 他精通英语。 ② v. 命令；指挥；值得（尊重等） 命令（虚拟语气考点）command (that) sb (should) do sth 命令某人做某事👉从句必须用 (should)+ 动词原形，should 可省略例：The general commanded that we (should) set off at once.将军命令我们立刻出发。 指挥；统率command the army 指挥军队 博得，值得（尊重、关注）command respect 赢得尊重 派生词 commander n. 指挥官，司令官 commandment n. 戒律 高考必背例句 She has a good command of spoken French.她的法语口语十分流利。 The officer commanded that all the soldiers (should) get ready.军官命令所有士兵做好准备。 作文万能句式：A good command of English enables us to communicate with the world. 【即学即练】 ①It’s clear that one cannot master a language if he does not have _____ good command of its vocabulary. ②We are running out of time. The boss commanded that__________________ (commit) every minute available to sorting out the completed reports. ③With outstanding leadership, the respected _____________ (command) issued an urgent order and commanded that all supplies (should) be delivered immediately. ④The politician commanded his assistants___________ (map) out practical plans as soon as possible. 【参考答案】 1. a 2. (should) be committed 3. commander 4. to map 2. combine combine 英 /kəmˈbaɪn/ 美 /kəmˈbaɪn/ v. (使) 结合；组合；合并；兼备（高考高频） 核心搭配 combine A with B 把 A 和 B 结合起来（最常考） Combine theory with practice. 理论结合实践。 combine A and B 将 A 与 B 合并 / 组合 combine to do sth 共同促成；联合起来做某事 Several factors combined to cause the problem.多种因素共同造成了这个问题。 combine against sb 联合起来对抗某人 派生词（完形、阅读高频） combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/n. 结合；组合；联合体 in combination with 与…… 相结合（写作高分短语） The treatment works in combination with exercise.该疗法配合运动起效。 combined adj. 联合的；组合的combined effort 共同努力 高考例句 We should combine pleasure with work.我们应该劳逸结合。 In combination with hard work, talent brings success.天赋辅以努力，方能成就成功。（作文可用） The two schools combined to form a new one.两所学校合并成一所新学校。 ⚠️语法小提醒 combine 是及物 & 不及物动词；被动：be combined with 与…… 相结合 Education must be combined with practice.教育必须和实践相结合。 作文万能句 Success comes when we combine ambition with persistence.当我们把抱负和坚持相结合，成功就会到来。 【即学即练】 1. We should ________ theory ________ practice.（我们应该把理论和实践结合起来） 2. ________ with regular exercise, the diet will work better. 3. The ________ of talent and hard work leads to his success. 4. Several causes ________ to bring about the change.（多种原因共同促成了这一变化） 5. (作文改写) Hard work. Good luck. → Hard work ________ with good luck creates miracles. 6. _____________ patience with scientific methods, the research team achieved a breakthrough no single approach could reach. 7. Sickness, ______________ with terrible weather, ruined the trip. 8. Up to now, traditional arts ___________________ with modern media to enrich teenagers’ after-school activities. 9. Few people realize that the secret to its success lies in the subtle ______________of diverse cultural elements. 【参考答案】 1. combine; with 2. Combined 3. combination 4. combined 5. combined 6. Combining 7. combined 8. are combined 9. combination 3.occupy occupy英 /ˈɒkjupaɪ/ 美 /ˈɑːkjupaɪ/ v. 占据；占用；使忙于（高考高频动词） 核心释义 & 搭配 占据（空间、时间）；占用occupy space 占据空间occupy one’s time 占用某人时间 使忙于；使从事 (最高频考点) occupy oneself in (doing) sth / with sth 使自己忙于做某事 She occupies herself with reading. 她埋头读书。 be occupied with sth / (in) doing sth 忙于……（完形阅读超级高频） He is occupied with his research. 他忙于研究。She is occupied in writing a report. 她忙于写报告。 注意：被动结构，不用 to do 占领，占据（土地、建筑）occupy the city 占领这座城市 派生词 occupation /ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn/n.① 职业（书面，填表常用，相当于 job）② 占领；占用 Please state your occupation. 请说明你的职业。 occupied adj. 忙碌的；被占用的occupied seat 有人坐的座位；be occupied 忙得不可开交 高考例句 Much of my time is occupied with preparing for the exam.我的大部分时间都花在备考上。 Occupying herself in volunteer work, she has little spare time.忙于志愿工作，她几乎没有空余时间。（非谓语） 非谓语易错点 Occupied with housework, she couldn’t attend the party. 【即学即练】 1. He ________ himself with collecting stamps. (occupy) 2. ________ with homework, Tom had no time for sports. (occupy) 3. What’s your ________? (occupy n. 职业) 4. Most of his spare time ________ (occupy) by online games. 5. The house is dusty because it ____________________________ by anyone for a few months. 6. The room ________________ by a visiting scholar will be available next month. 7. Even though you _________________ with study, you should still set aside some time to participate in some extra-curricular activities. 8. ______________ with piles of official documents, the manager barely had time for his family. 9. The temporary of farmland for construction has caused heated discussion among locals. 【参考答案】 1. occupies 2. Occupied 3. occupation 4. is occupied 5. has not been occupied 6. is occupied 7. are occupied 8. Occupied 9. occupation 4. absence absence英 /ˈæbsəns/ 美 /ˈæbsəns/n. [U/C] 缺席；不在；缺乏（高考高频名词） 核心搭配 in the absence of sb 某人不在时；某人缺席 In the absence of the manager, I will be in charge.经理不在的时候，由我负责。 in the absence of sth 缺乏某物；没有某物（写作高分短语） In the absence of evidence, we can’t draw a conclusion.缺乏证据，我们不能下结论。 absence from … 缺席……；不在……absence from school 缺课absence from work 缺勤 派生词（必背） absent /ˈæbsənt/adj. 缺席的；不在的；缺乏的 be absent from 缺席…… 反义：be present at 出席 He was absent from the meeting. 他缺席了会议。 absently adv. 心不在焉地 ⚠️易混对比 be absent from 缺席（会议、学校，人不在现场） in the absence of sb/sth （介词短语）在某人不在 / 缺乏某物的情况下 高考写作好句 In the absence of goals, we may lose our way in life.缺乏目标，我们可能会在人生中迷失方向。 【即学即练】 ①With the continued ______________ of rain, rivers have begun to dry up. ②Dear Miss Li, I am writing to apologise to you for being absent __________ the activity of the English club on May 5th. ③The case was dismissed in the absence __________ any definite proof. ④He was absent-minded during the driving, which nearly caused an accident.=His ____________ of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. 【参考答案】 1. absence 2. from 3. of 4. absence d 5. 将来时态 will / shall；be going to；be to do；be about to do （一共 4 种表达将来，重点） 还有现在进行表将来。 1. will / shall do shall 只用于 I / we（书面）；will 所有人称 含义：① 临时决定、当场做出的打算② 客观将来，纯粹预测；③ 意愿、承诺 —The phone is ringing. —I will answer it. 电话响了。— 我去接。（临时决定） You will succeed. 你会成功的。（预测） 2. be going to do 含义：① 已有迹象，即将发生（看得到征兆） Look at the clouds! It is going to rain. 看乌云！要下雨了。 ② 事先打算、计划好要做I’m going to visit my uncle this holiday. 我打算假期去看叔叔。 辨析 will vs be going to will：临时； be going to：事先打算 / 有迹象。 3. be to do （高考语法填空高频） 按计划、安排（正式，官方安排） The meeting is to start at 8. 会议定于 8 点开始。 命令、指示（应当、必须） You are to finish the task before noon. 你必须中午前完成任务。 命中注定 He was to become a famous scientist. 他注定会成为著名科学家。 考点：用于条件 / 时间从句不用 be to，从句用一般现在表将来。 4. be about to do 含义：马上就要，即刻发生（很近的将来） The train is about to leave. 火车马上就要开了。 固定搭配：be about to do … when … 正要做… 突然…（超级高频！） I was about to go out when it began to rain.我正要出门，突然下起雨。 be about to do 不能接时间状语（tomorrow /soon） He is about to leave tomorrow. 5. 现在进行时表将来：am/is/are doing 表示：已经确定、安排好的近期计划，多是位移动词：go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move I’m leaving for Shanghai tonight. 我今晚动身去上海。 时态从句黄金规则 时间、条件状语从句中，不用将来时态，用一般现在表将来。when, if, as soon as, unless 引导从句 If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the match. 【即学即练】 1. —My bag is heavy.—I ______ (help) you.（临时决定） 2. Look! The wall is falling. It ______ (collapse). 有迹象 3. The sports meeting ______ (hold) next Friday.（计划 be to do） 4. He ______ (leave) when the phone rang. (be about to do…when) 5. I ______ (fly) to Beijing tomorrow.（已定行程） 【参考答案】 1. will help 2. is going to collapse 3. is to be held 4. was about to leave 5. am flying 一、词汇易混辨析 1. occupy / busy occupy：占用时间 / 空间；使忙于 be occupied with sth / (in) doing sth busy：adj. 忙碌的，搭配：be busy with / (in) doing be occupied with doing = be busy with doing 含义几乎相同；occupy 更书面，阅读写作优选 He is occupied in writing. = He is busy (in) writing. 他忙于写作。 三大关键区别（做题坑点） 1. 词性不同 occupy：动词 v.主动：occupy oneself with/in doing sth 使自己忙于……被动：be occupied with/in doing（高频！非谓语考点） busy：形容词 adj. be busy with/(in) doing，没有 busy oneself 这种用法！ He occupies himself doing homework. He is busy doing homework. 2. 非谓语状语（语法填空最高频坑） Occupied with his work, he had no time for rest. Occupied with work, he stayed up late.（过去分词，来自动词 occupy） Busy with his work, he had no time for rest. Busy with work, he stayed up late.（形容词作状语） 3. 词义范围不一样 occupy 词义更广：①忙于；②占用时间、占据空间（这层含义 busy 完全没有） The big sofa occupies too much space.这张大沙发占了太多空间。（不能用 busy） His study occupies most of his spare time.学习占用了他大部分空闲时间。 busy 只表示 “人忙碌的”，不能表达 “物体占用空间 / 时间”。 总结： 表 “忙于”：be occupied (in/with) = be busy (in/with) 主动：只能 occupy oneself，没有 busy oneself 状语：Occupied with…（过去分词）；Busy with…（形容词） occupy 还可表示物体占用空间、时间；busy 只能描述人忙。 【即学即练】 1. ________ (occupy) with his study, he seldom goes out. 2. ________ (busy) with his study, he seldom goes out. 3. The bookshelf ________ (occupy) half of the room. 4. He ________ himself in preparing the report. (occupy) 【参考答案】 2. occupy 2. Busy 3. occupies 4. occupies 2. combine /connect/unite combine：把事物融合在一起，各自仍可区分，侧重结合、兼备 connect：“连接”，两者之间建立联系，物体本身不融合 connect A to/with B unite：团结，合并成一个整体，强调统一 unite: 合为一体 combine v. (使) 结合；兼备。 把两样 / 多样事物融合到一起，个体依旧保留、可以区分开。 搭配：combine A with/and B；be combined with Combine work with pleasure. 劳逸结合。 The film combines humor and sadness. 这部电影兼具幽默与伤感。（两样特质同时存在，互不消失） connect v. 连接；联系。 两者之间搭建桥梁、产生关联，物体本身并不互相融合，依旧独立分开。 搭配：connect A to/with B Connect the computer to the printer. 把电脑连上打印机。（两者独立，只是有线相连） The study connects stress with sleep loss.这项研究把压力和失眠联系在一起。（建立逻辑关联） unite v. 团结；联合；统一。 多个个体合并，形成一个完整的新整体，强调同心、一体化。 The two nations united to fight against the enemy.两国团结起来对抗敌人。（目标一致，结成统一力量） They united the three small companies into one.他们把三家小公司合并成一家。 对比差异 Combine milk and eggs. 把牛奶和鸡蛋混合。（都还在，只是混在一起） Connect the two pipes. 把两根管子接起来。（管子各自独立，接口相连） Unite the two groups. 将两个小组合并 / 团结起来。（成为一个统一集体） 派生词速记 combination n. 结合；组合 in combination with 与…… 相结合 connection n. 联系；连接 union n. 联合；联盟；工会 【即学即练】 1. We should ________ theory with practice. (combine / connect / unite) 2. This railway ________ the two cities. (combine / connect / unite) 3. People ________ against the common threat. (combine / connect / unite) 4. ________ with patience, talent can create wonders. (Combine 变形) 【参考答案】 1. combine 2. connects 3. united 4. Combined 二、短语搭配易错 1. command in command of 指挥……（主动，人指挥部队） He is in command of the troop. 他指挥这支队伍。 in the command of 由…… 指挥（被动） The troop is in the command of him. 这支队伍由他指挥。 语法搭配：command that sb (should) do 命令某人做（虚拟语气，should 可省） 2. combine combine A with B 把 A 与 B 结合（最常用） combine A and B 把 A 和 B 组合 be combined with 与…… 相结合（被动；状语用 Combined with，高频非谓语） in combination with 与…… 相结合（介词短语，写作） 3. occupy 相关（最高频易错） occupy oneself with / (in) doing sth 使自己忙于……（动词主动） be occupied with / (in) doing sth 忙于……（被动结构） 作状语：Occupied with…（过去分词，不能用 Occupying） be busy with / (in) doing sth 忙于……（形容词） 作状语：Busy with…（直接用形容词，不用 Busying） 4. absence & absent 介词搭配大坑 be absent from + 场合 缺席（会议、课、活动） He was absent from school. 他缺课。 in the absence of + 人 / 事物 在…… 不在；缺乏……（介词短语，作状语） In the absence of evidence, we can’t judge. 缺乏证据，我们无法判断。 5. connect connect A to B 把 A 连接到 B（物理连接） connect A with B 把 A 和 B 联系起来（逻辑关联） $Unit 2 Looking into the future Learning about Language 一、重点单词 1． vt. 发现；查明；探测 2． vt.& vi.（使）合并，（使）成为一体 3． vt.& vi. 漏，渗漏；透露 n. 漏洞，裂缝；泄露 4． n. 开关；转换器；改变 vt.& vi.（使）改变，转变 5． n. 监视器；班长；监控器 vt. 监控；监测 6． v. 治愈；治好；解决 n. 疗法；药物；对策 7． n. 问题；议题；发行物 v. 发布；发行 8． vt. 拒绝；排斥；不予考虑 9． n. 偏爱；偏好；爱好 10． n.& 常规，正常顺序 adj. 常规，日常的 11． adj. 潜在的 n. 潜力；可能性 12． n. 幻想；想象 13． adj. 不正常的，反常的 14． adj. 自动的 15． adj. 可获得的，可购得的；（人）有空的 16． adj. 不断的，重复的，不变的 n. 常数，常量 17. adj. 严重的；关键的；批判性的 18. adj. 效率高的；有能力的 19. adj. 遥远的；疏远的；心不在焉的 20. adj. 有关的；有意义的 21. adj. 安全的，安心的，可靠的，牢固的 v. 获得；保护；拴牢 22. v.（使）结合；组合；联合 23. n. 安全；安保；保障 二、重点单词变形 1. adj. 不断的；重复的；不变的　n. 常数；常量→ adv. 始终；一直 2. adj. 不正常的；反常的→ adj. 正常的　n. 常态；通常标准；一般水平→ adv. 正常地 3. adj. 严重的；关键的；批判性的→ adv. 严重地；批判性地；批评性地→ / vi. & vt. 批评；挑剔；指责　vt. 评论→ n. 批评；批判；评论→ n. 评论家；批评者；挑剔的人 4. adj. 可能的；潜在的　n. 潜力；可能性→ adv. 潜在地；可能地 5. vi. & vt. 漏；渗漏；透露　n. 漏洞；裂缝；透露→ adj. 有漏洞的；有漏隙的；渗漏的→ n. 泄漏量；漏损量；泄漏；渗漏 6. adj. 电的；用电的；与电有关的→ n. 电→ adj. 电的；电动的；用电 　充满刺激的；令人激动的 7. n. 电线；金属丝 (或线)　vt. 接通电源；将…… 连接到→ n. 电线线路；线路系统 vt. 发现；查明→ n. 侦查；探测；察觉；发现→ n. 侦探→ n. 探测器；侦察器；检测器 8. adj. 有关的；有意义的→ adj. 不相关的；无关紧要的→ n. 相关性；意义 9. n. 幻想；想象→ adj. 奇异的；空想的；异想天开的→ adv. 想象中地；奇特地；难以置信地 10. n. 创新；创造→ vt. 引入 (新事物、思想或方法); 创新；改革→ adj. 引进新思想的；采用新方法的；革新的；创新的 11. adj. 可获得的；可购得的；(人) 有空的→ n. 可用；可得到；有空闲 12. n. 结构；体系 vt. 系统安排；精心组织→ adj. 结构上的→ adj. 有结构的；有组织的 13. n. 犯罪活动；不法行为→ n. 罪犯　adj. 犯罪的；犯法的；涉及犯罪的 14. vt. & vi. (使) 结合；混合　vt. 兼有；兼做→ n. 结合 (体); 混合 (体)→ ________________adj. 联合的；共同的；加在一起的 15. adj. 人工的；人造的；假的→ adv. 人工地；人为地；不自然地 16. vt. 预测；预言；预料→ n. 预测；预言→ adj. 可预见的；意料之中的→ n. 可预测性 17. n. 职业；占领→ vt. 占领；占据；使用，占用；居住；使忙于；忙着→ adj. 使用中；占用的；被占领的；忙于…… 的 三、必备词块 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. _____________________ - 智能遥控器 2. _____________________ - 忙于 3. _____________________ - 把理论与实践相结合 4. _____________________ - 从这个意义上说 5. _____________________ - 抵制短视频的诱惑 6. _____________________ - 旅行者中普遍的抵触 / 反对 7. _____________________ - 在缺乏规律锻炼的情况下 8. _____________________ - 抵抗各种冬季病毒 9. _____________________ - 缺席了我们的毕业典礼 10. _____________________ - 与…… 保持联系 11. _____________________ - 非常重视营造 12. _____________________ - 倡导留出固定时间 13. _____________________ - 坚决反对 14. _____________________ - 规划未来的职业 15. _____________________ - 准确的统计数据 16. _____________________ - 仍然是一个遥远的目标 17. _____________________ - 塑造光明的前景 四、必会考点 1. command command英 /kəˈmɑːnd/ 美 /kəˈmænd/ ① n. 命令；指挥；掌握，精通（高频高考义） 命令；指令give a command 下达命令obey a command 服从命令 指挥，掌控take command of … 接管；指挥……in command of 指挥（主动）in the command of 由…… 指挥（被动） 掌握；精通【写作阅读高频】have a good command of … 精通 / 熟练掌握……（作文万能句型） He has a good command of English. 他精通英语。 ② v. 命令；指挥；值得（尊重等） 命令（虚拟语气考点）command (that) sb (should) do sth 命令某人做某事👉从句必须用 (should)+ 动词原形，should 可省略例：The general commanded that we (should) set off at once.将军命令我们立刻出发。 指挥；统率command the army 指挥军队 博得，值得（尊重、关注）command respect 赢得尊重 派生词 commander n. 指挥官，司令官 commandment n. 戒律 高考必背例句 She has a good command of spoken French.她的法语口语十分流利。 The officer commanded that all the soldiers (should) get ready.军官命令所有士兵做好准备。 作文万能句式：A good command of English enables us to communicate with the world. 【即学即练】 ①It’s clear that one cannot master a language if he does not have _____ good command of its vocabulary. ②We are running out of time. The boss commanded that__________________ (commit) every minute available to sorting out the completed reports. ③With outstanding leadership, the respected _____________ (command) issued an urgent order and commanded that all supplies (should) be delivered immediately. ④The politician commanded his assistants___________ (map) out practical plans as soon as possible. 2. combine combine 英 /kəmˈbaɪn/ 美 /kəmˈbaɪn/ v. (使) 结合；组合；合并；兼备（高考高频） 核心搭配 combine A with B 把 A 和 B 结合起来（最常考） Combine theory with practice. 理论结合实践。 combine A and B 将 A 与 B 合并 / 组合 combine to do sth 共同促成；联合起来做某事 Several factors combined to cause the problem.多种因素共同造成了这个问题。 combine against sb 联合起来对抗某人 派生词（完形、阅读高频） combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/n. 结合；组合；联合体 in combination with 与…… 相结合（写作高分短语） The treatment works in combination with exercise.该疗法配合运动起效。 combined adj. 联合的；组合的combined effort 共同努力 高考例句 We should combine pleasure with work.我们应该劳逸结合。 In combination with hard work, talent brings success.天赋辅以努力，方能成就成功。（作文可用） The two schools combined to form a new one.两所学校合并成一所新学校。 ⚠️语法小提醒 combine 是及物 & 不及物动词；被动：be combined with 与…… 相结合 Education must be combined with practice.教育必须和实践相结合。 作文万能句 Success comes when we combine ambition with persistence.当我们把抱负和坚持相结合，成功就会到来。 【即学即练】 1. We should ________ theory ________ practice.（我们应该把理论和实践结合起来） 2. ________ with regular exercise, the diet will work better. 3. The ________ of talent and hard work leads to his success. 4. Several causes ________ to bring about the change.（多种原因共同促成了这一变化） 5. (作文改写) Hard work. Good luck. → Hard work ________ with good luck creates miracles. 6. _____________ patience with scientific methods, the research team achieved a breakthrough no single approach could reach. 7. Sickness, ______________ with terrible weather, ruined the trip. 8. Up to now, traditional arts ___________________ with modern media to enrich teenagers’ after-school activities. 9. Few people realize that the secret to its success lies in the subtle ______________of diverse cultural elements. 3.occupy occupy英 /ˈɒkjupaɪ/ 美 /ˈɑːkjupaɪ/ v. 占据；占用；使忙于（高考高频动词） 核心释义 & 搭配 占据（空间、时间）；占用occupy space 占据空间occupy one’s time 占用某人时间 使忙于；使从事 (最高频考点) occupy oneself in (doing) sth / with sth 使自己忙于做某事 She occupies herself with reading. 她埋头读书。 be occupied with sth / (in) doing sth 忙于……（完形阅读超级高频） He is occupied with his research. 他忙于研究。She is occupied in writing a report. 她忙于写报告。 注意：被动结构，不用 to do 占领，占据（土地、建筑）occupy the city 占领这座城市 派生词 occupation /ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn/n.① 职业（书面，填表常用，相当于 job）② 占领；占用 Please state your occupation. 请说明你的职业。 occupied adj. 忙碌的；被占用的occupied seat 有人坐的座位；be occupied 忙得不可开交 高考例句 Much of my time is occupied with preparing for the exam.我的大部分时间都花在备考上。 Occupying herself in volunteer work, she has little spare time.忙于志愿工作，她几乎没有空余时间。（非谓语） 非谓语易错点 Occupied with housework, she couldn’t attend the party. 【即学即练】 1. He ________ himself with collecting stamps. (occupy) 2. ________ with homework, Tom had no time for sports. (occupy) 3. What’s your ________? (occupy n. 职业) 4. Most of his spare time ________ (occupy) by online games. 5. The house is dusty because it ____________________________ by anyone for a few months. 6. The room ________________ by a visiting scholar will be available next month. 7. Even though you _________________ with study, you should still set aside some time to participate in some extra-curricular activities. 8. ______________ with piles of official documents, the manager barely had time for his family. 9. The temporary of farmland for construction has caused heated discussion among locals. 4. absence absence英 /ˈæbsəns/ 美 /ˈæbsəns/n. [U/C] 缺席；不在；缺乏（高考高频名词） 核心搭配 in the absence of sb 某人不在时；某人缺席 In the absence of the manager, I will be in charge.经理不在的时候，由我负责。 in the absence of sth 缺乏某物；没有某物（写作高分短语） In the absence of evidence, we can’t draw a conclusion.缺乏证据，我们不能下结论。 absence from … 缺席……；不在……absence from school 缺课absence from work 缺勤 派生词（必背） absent /ˈæbsənt/adj. 缺席的；不在的；缺乏的 be absent from 缺席…… 反义：be present at 出席 He was absent from the meeting. 他缺席了会议。 absently adv. 心不在焉地 ⚠️易混对比 be absent from 缺席（会议、学校，人不在现场） in the absence of sb/sth （介词短语）在某人不在 / 缺乏某物的情况下 高考写作好句 In the absence of goals, we may lose our way in life.缺乏目标，我们可能会在人生中迷失方向。 【即学即练】 ①With the continued ______________ of rain, rivers have begun to dry up. ②Dear Miss Li, I am writing to apologise to you for being absent __________ the activity of the English club on May 5th. ③The case was dismissed in the absence __________ any definite proof. ④He was absent-minded during the driving, which nearly caused an accident.=His ____________ of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. 5. 将来时态 will / shall；be going to；be to do；be about to do （一共 4 种表达将来，重点） 还有现在进行表将来。 1. will / shall do shall 只用于 I / we（书面）；will 所有人称 含义：① 临时决定、当场做出的打算② 客观将来，纯粹预测；③ 意愿、承诺 —The phone is ringing. —I will answer it. 电话响了。— 我去接。（临时决定） You will succeed. 你会成功的。（预测） 2. be going to do 含义：① 已有迹象，即将发生（看得到征兆） Look at the clouds! It is going to rain. 看乌云！要下雨了。 ② 事先打算、计划好要做I’m going to visit my uncle this holiday. 我打算假期去看叔叔。 辨析 will vs be going to will：临时； be going to：事先打算 / 有迹象。 3. be to do （高考语法填空高频） 按计划、安排（正式，官方安排） The meeting is to start at 8. 会议定于 8 点开始。 命令、指示（应当、必须） You are to finish the task before noon. 你必须中午前完成任务。 命中注定 He was to become a famous scientist. 他注定会成为著名科学家。 考点：用于条件 / 时间从句不用 be to，从句用一般现在表将来。 4. be about to do 含义：马上就要，即刻发生（很近的将来） The train is about to leave. 火车马上就要开了。 固定搭配：be about to do … when … 正要做… 突然…（超级高频！） I was about to go out when it began to rain.我正要出门，突然下起雨。 be about to do 不能接时间状语（tomorrow /soon） He is about to leave tomorrow. 5. 现在进行时表将来：am/is/are doing 表示：已经确定、安排好的近期计划，多是位移动词：go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move I’m leaving for Shanghai tonight. 我今晚动身去上海。 时态从句黄金规则 时间、条件状语从句中，不用将来时态，用一般现在表将来。when, if, as soon as, unless 引导从句 If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the match. 【即学即练】 1. —My bag is heavy.—I ______ (help) you.（临时决定） 2. Look! The wall is falling. It ______ (collapse). 有迹象 3. The sports meeting ______ (hold) next Friday.（计划 be to do） 4. He ______ (leave) when the phone rang. (be about to do…when) 5. I ______ (fly) to Beijing tomorrow.（已定行程） 一、词汇易混辨析 1. occupy / busy occupy：占用时间 / 空间；使忙于 be occupied with sth / (in) doing sth busy：adj. 忙碌的，搭配：be busy with / (in) doing be occupied with doing = be busy with doing 含义几乎相同；occupy 更书面，阅读写作优选 He is occupied in writing. = He is busy (in) writing. 他忙于写作。 三大关键区别（做题坑点） 1. 词性不同 occupy：动词 v.主动：occupy oneself with/in doing sth 使自己忙于……被动：be occupied with/in doing（高频！非谓语考点） busy：形容词 adj. be busy with/(in) doing，没有 busy oneself 这种用法！ He occupies himself doing homework. He is busy doing homework. 2. 非谓语状语（语法填空最高频坑） Occupied with his work, he had no time for rest. Occupied with work, he stayed up late.（过去分词，来自动词 occupy） Busy with his work, he had no time for rest. Busy with work, he stayed up late.（形容词作状语） 3. 词义范围不一样 occupy 词义更广：①忙于；②占用时间、占据空间（这层含义 busy 完全没有） The big sofa occupies too much space.这张大沙发占了太多空间。（不能用 busy） His study occupies most of his spare time.学习占用了他大部分空闲时间。 busy 只表示 “人忙碌的”，不能表达 “物体占用空间 / 时间”。 总结： 表 “忙于”：be occupied (in/with) = be busy (in/with) 主动：只能 occupy oneself，没有 busy oneself 状语：Occupied with…（过去分词）；Busy with…（形容词） occupy 还可表示物体占用空间、时间；busy 只能描述人忙。 【即学即练】 1. ________ (occupy) with his study, he seldom goes out. 2. ________ (busy) with his study, he seldom goes out. 3. The bookshelf ________ (occupy) half of the room. 4. He ________ himself in preparing the report. (occupy) 2. combine /connect/unite combine：把事物融合在一起，各自仍可区分，侧重结合、兼备 connect：“连接”，两者之间建立联系，物体本身不融合 connect A to/with B unite：团结，合并成一个整体，强调统一 unite: 合为一体 combine v. (使) 结合；兼备。 把两样 / 多样事物融合到一起，个体依旧保留、可以区分开。 搭配：combine A with/and B；be combined with Combine work with pleasure. 劳逸结合。 The film combines humor and sadness. 这部电影兼具幽默与伤感。（两样特质同时存在，互不消失） connect v. 连接；联系。 两者之间搭建桥梁、产生关联，物体本身并不互相融合，依旧独立分开。 搭配：connect A to/with B Connect the computer to the printer. 把电脑连上打印机。（两者独立，只是有线相连） The study connects stress with sleep loss.这项研究把压力和失眠联系在一起。（建立逻辑关联） unite v. 团结；联合；统一。 多个个体合并，形成一个完整的新整体，强调同心、一体化。 The two nations united to fight against the enemy.两国团结起来对抗敌人。（目标一致，结成统一力量） They united the three small companies into one.他们把三家小公司合并成一家。 对比差异 Combine milk and eggs. 把牛奶和鸡蛋混合。（都还在，只是混在一起） Connect the two pipes. 把两根管子接起来。（管子各自独立，接口相连） Unite the two groups. 将两个小组合并 / 团结起来。（成为一个统一集体） 派生词速记 combination n. 结合；组合 in combination with 与…… 相结合 connection n. 联系；连接 union n. 联合；联盟；工会 【即学即练】 1. We should ________ theory with practice. (combine / connect / unite) 2. This railway ________ the two cities. (combine / connect / unite) 3. People ________ against the common threat. (combine / connect / unite) 4. ________ with patience, talent can create wonders. (Combine 变形) 二、短语搭配易错 1. command in command of 指挥……（主动，人指挥部队） He is in command of the troop. 他指挥这支队伍。 in the command of 由…… 指挥（被动） The troop is in the command of him. 这支队伍由他指挥。 语法搭配：command that sb (should) do 命令某人做（虚拟语气，should 可省） 2. combine combine A with B 把 A 与 B 结合（最常用） combine A and B 把 A 和 B 组合 be combined with 与…… 相结合（被动；状语用 Combined with，高频非谓语） in combination with 与…… 相结合（介词短语，写作） 3. occupy 相关（最高频易错） occupy oneself with / (in) doing sth 使自己忙于……（动词主动） be occupied with / (in) doing sth 忙于……（被动结构） 作状语：Occupied with…（过去分词，不能用 Occupying） be busy with / (in) doing sth 忙于……（形容词） 作状语：Busy with…（直接用形容词，不用 Busying） 4. absence & absent 介词搭配大坑 be absent from + 场合 缺席（会议、课、活动） He was absent from school. 他缺课。 in the absence of + 人 / 事物 在…… 不在；缺乏……（介词短语，作状语） In the absence of evidence, we can’t judge. 缺乏证据，我们无法判断。 5. connect connect A to B 把 A 连接到 B（物理连接） connect A with B 把 A 和 B 联系起来（逻辑关联） $