Unit 4 Body language 知识点总结 清单-2026-2027学年高中英语新人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了人教版选修一Unit4 Body language的核心知识点。从vary、appropriate等重点词汇的用法及搭配入手，延伸至by comparison、break down等短语，再到长难句分析和高频句式，构建从基础语言要素到综合运用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-短语-句型”逻辑递进，每个知识点配教材原句、联想词及易混辨析，强化语言能力。通过对比不同文化肢体语言差异，渗透文化意识，助力学生构建跨文化沟通思维，提升学习效率与知识应用能力。

人教版高中英语选修一Unit4 Body language知识点总结 1. vary vi. (根据情况)变化;改变;相异;不同 ● A person's posture often varies depending on whether they are feeling confident or nervous. 常用搭配 vary with... 随……而变化 vary in... 在……方面不同 vary from... to... 从……到……变化 教材原句 P38 Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. 就像口语一样,肢体语言也因文化而异。 联想词 ①variety n. 变化;多样性;种类 a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 ②various adj. 不同的;各种各样的 2. appropriate ① adj. 合适的;恰当的 教材原句 P38 The crucial thing is using bo[dy] language in a way that is appropriate to t[he] culture you are in. 常见用法 be appropriate to/for... 适合…… it is appropriate (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说)某事是合适的 ● His formal style of speaking was appropriate [to the] occasion. • Her clothes are not appropriate for this formal party. • It would not be appropriate for me to discuss that thing now. • He was accused of appropriating club funds. 联想词 ①appropriately adv. 合适地；恰当地 ②inappropriate adj. 不恰当的；不合适的 3. approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过 常用搭配 approve of sb/sth 赞成某人/同意某事 approve of sb/sb's doing sth 同意/赞成某人做某事 教材原句 P38 In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. 相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 • I approved of him/his joining the club. 反义词 disapprove vi. 不赞同；反对 vt. 不批准 联想词 ①approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；认可 give one's approval to sth 某人批准/认可某事 win one's approval 赢得某人的赞同 ②approving adj. 赞成的；同意的 ③approvingly adv. 赞成地；赞许地 ④disapproving adj. 不赞同的；表示反对的 ⑤disapproval n. 不赞同；反对 4. witness ① vt. 当场看到；目击；见证；亲身经历 教材原句 P38 In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. 在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。 • From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. • Official records witness a steady improvement in living standards over the past decade. • The faded photograph witnesses a moment of pure joy frozen in time. ② n. 目击者；证人；见证人 常用搭配 be (a) witness to sth 目击/看见某事发生 bear/give witness (to sth) (为某事/物)作证；证明(某事/物) • These artworks give witness to the creativeness of the Chinese people. employ vt. 使用；应用；雇用；利用，花费(时间) 教材原句 P38 In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. 在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。 • We should learn to employ different methods to solve different problems. 常用搭配 employ sb as... 雇用某人为…… employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事 be employed in (doing) sth 花时间做某事；忙于(做)某事 • She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done. 联想词 ①employee n. 雇员 ②employer n. 雇主 ③employment n. 工作；受雇；就业 ④unemployment n. 失业 5. differ vi. 相异；不同于；意见相左 教材原句 P38 Even the gestures we use for "yes" and "no" differ around the world. 甚至我们用来表示“是”和“不是”的姿势在世界各地也是不同的。 常用搭配 differ from... 和……不同 differ in... 在……方面不同 differ with sb on/about/over... 在……上不同意某人的看法 ● Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose. 联想词 ①difference n. 不同;差异 make a/no difference to sb/sth 对某人/某事有/没有影响 tell the difference between A and B (=tell A and B apart) 区分A和B ②different adj. 不同的;有区别的 6. by/in comparison (with...) (与……)相比较 教材原句 P38 By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. 相比之下,在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部,这些手势有相反的含义。 同义短语 by contrast 联想拓展 ①comparison n. 比较;对比 stand/bear comparison 比得上;不亚于 there's no comparison 无法相比;根本不能相提并论(强调比较之下的差别) ● Irving's work bears comparison with the best of the modern novelists. ● There's just no comparison between canned vegetables and fresh ones. ②compare vt. 比较;对比;将……比作 compare A with/to B 将A和B作比较 compare A to B 把A比作B compared with/to... 与……相比(常作状语) ● Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. ● He compared children to young trees, both still growing and being able to be shaped. ● Compared to our small flat, Bill's house seemed like a palace. 7. favour ① vt. 较喜欢;选择;有利于;偏袒 常用搭配 favour doing sth 更喜欢做某事 教材原句 P38 Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 在其他地方,人们见面时喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬或点头。 ② n. 帮助;恩惠;赞同;支持;偏袒 常用搭配 n. 帮助;恩惠 • do sb a favour 帮某人忙 • ask sb a favour = ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙 • owe sb a favour 欠某人情 • return the favour 还人情;报答恩惠 n. 赞同;支持 • in favour of 赞成;支持 • in sb's favour 对某人有利 n. 偏袒 • show favour to sb 偏袒某人 ● Would you do me a favour and get rid of this letter I've just received? ● From his satisfied expression, we concluded that he was in favour of the plan. 联想词 ①favourable adj. 有利的;赞同的;讨人喜欢的 ②favourite adj. 最喜爱的(无比较级或最高级) n. 特别喜爱的人(或事物) 8. break down 消除;分解;打破;失败;被搞垮;出故障 教材原句 P39 A smile can break down barriers.微笑可以消除隔阂。 • Your health will break down if you work too hard. • Mike lost his way. Furthermore, his car broke down. • Talks with business leaders broke down last night. 熟词生义 拆分;把……分类;情不自禁地哭起来 9. reliable adj. 可靠的;可信赖的 教材原句 P39 Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone's feelings, their body language or the words they speak? 哪一个用来了解某人的情感更可靠:他的肢体语言还是他说的话? 联想词 ①rely v. (与 on/upon 连用) 依靠;依赖;信任 rely on/upon sb/sth 依靠某人/某物 rely on/upon sb/sth to do sth (= depend on/upon sb/sth to do sth) 指望/信任某人/某物做某事 rely on it that... 相信/指望…… (it 为形式宾语) • The town relies on the seasonal tourism for jobs. • You can rely on me to keep your secret. • You can rely on it that a firm handshake usually makes a good first impression. ②reliability n. 可靠性;可信度 10. tendency n. 趋势;倾向 常见用法 (have) a tendency to do sth (有)做某事的倾向;往往会做某事 (有)……的趋势/倾向 (have) a tendency to/towards (有)……的趋势/倾向 there is a tendency (for sb/sth) to do sth (某人/某物)有做某事的趋势/倾向 教材原句 P44 People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. 人们往往倾向于他们感兴趣的任何东西。 • Nervous speakers have a tendency to avoid direct eye contact with their audience. • There is a tendency for people to lean forwards when they are interested in a conversation. 联想词 tend v. 往往会;倾向于;照料 tend to do sth 往往会做某事 tend to/towards 有……的趋势;倾向于…… tend (to) sb/sth 照料某人/某物 • When I'm tired, I tend to make mistakes. 11. occupy vt. 使忙于(做某事);占用(时间、空间);占据;占领 教材原句 P44 With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 他们双手托着下巴，盯着窗外或抬头看天花板，以此打发时间。 • This new bookshelf occupies too much space in my small bedroom, so I must move it. 常用搭配 occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth 某人忙于做某事 occupy sb's mind/thoughts/attention 占据某人的脑海/思想/注意力 • Instead of listening, she occupied herself in drawing circles in her notebook. 联想词 ①occupation n. 占领;职业;工作 ②occupied adj. 忙于……的;已被占用的 be occupied in/with (doing) sth 忙于(做)某事 • Occupied with her work, she didn't even notice the heavy snowfall outside the window. • I have been so occupied in my work that I haven't had time for social activities. 12. stare vi. 盯着看；凝视 n. 注视；凝视 教材原句 P44 With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 他们双手托着下巴，盯着窗外或抬头看天花板，以此打发时间。 常用搭配· stare sb out 盯得某人不敢再对视 • It's impolite to stare at foreign visitors in the street. 联想拓展· 表达“看”的其他相关短语 look at 看着　　　glare at 怒视 gaze at 凝视　　 glance at 瞥一眼；浏览 • He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that?” 13. distinguish vi. & vt. 区分；辨别 vt. 使有别于 教材原句 P44 While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. 尽管很容易察觉出学生何时感兴趣、何时感到无聊或分心，但有时要分辨出他们何时陷入困扰却要困难得多。 • Another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. 常用搭配· distinguish... from... 使……有别于……，区别……和…… distinguish between... and... 区分……和…… • The ability to use complex tools distinguishes humans from other animals. • A crucial part of media literacy is learning to distinguish between factual news and personal opinions. 联想词 distinguished adj. 著名的，杰出的；高贵的 14. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕 教材原句 P44 Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. 感到愤怒、害怕或焦虑的学生可能会双臂交叉放在胸前，双腿合拢或交叉，就像他们在保护自己的身体一样。 常用搭配· (one's) anxiety about/over sth（某人）对某事的担忧/焦虑/不安 with anxiety (=anxiously) 焦虑地 • I waited for my closest friend with anxiety at the waiting region near the exit. 联想词 ①anxious adj. 忧虑的；担心的；渴望的；急切的 be anxious about sth 对某事/物感到担忧 be anxious for sb 为某人感到担忧 be anxious for sth 渴望/渴求某物 be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事 ②anxiously adv. 焦虑地；担忧地 15.. embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的 教材原句 P44 They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. 他们也可能用手掩面，好像他们感到尴尬或羞愧一样。 常用搭配· be/feel embarrassed about/at (doing) sth 因（做）某事而感到难为情/尴尬 be embarrassed to do sth 十分难堪地去做某事 • He felt embarrassed at being the centre of attention. 【巧记】①Embarrass vt. 使窘迫 ②embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的；使人难堪的 ③embarrassment n. 尴尬；难堪 to one's embarrassment 让某人尴尬的是 16. ashamed adj. 羞愧；惭愧；难为情的 【教材原句 P44】They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. 他们也可能用手掩面，好像他们感到尴尬或羞愧一样。 【常见用法】be/feel ashamed of (doing) sth 为(做)某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth 羞于做某事；不好意思做某事 be ashamed that... 对……感到羞愧 • We should feel ashamed of the abuse of natural resources. • I am ashamed to admit that I've never read any of his books. 【巧记】shame n. 让人遗憾的事；耻辱；羞愧 what a shame/it's a shame 真遗憾/真可惜 to one's shame 令某人感到羞愧的是 【易混辨析】ashamed 与 shameful 的用法区别 ashamed 指“(人)感到羞耻的；惭愧的；难为情的”，只能用作表语。 shameful 指“可耻的；丢脸的”，指事情或行为本身不道德，既可用作表语又可用作定语。 • He was ashamed of his cheating, because he realised that it was shameful to cheat in the exam. 17.. call on 要求(某人讲话等)；(短暂地)访问；正式邀请 【教材原句 P44】Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. 有些学生这样做只是因为他们害怕老师叫他们。 【联想拓展】含有 call 的其他常用短语 call at 停靠；(短时间)停留 call back 回电话 call for 需要；要求 call in 召来 call off 取消 call up 使回忆起；使想起 • Let's call at John's house. • In this case, telling the truth calls for courage. • He was seriously ill so a doctor was called in at once. • The flight was called off because of bad weather. • The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood. 18. bother vi. & vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心 vt. 使烦恼 n. 麻烦；不便；令人烦恼的情况(或事物、人) • I hope I haven't been a bother. 希望我没烦扰你。 【常见用法】not bother about/with sth 懒得做某事 (not) bother doing/to do sth (懒得)花时间/精力做某事 bother sb with sth 使某人为某事/物操心 Why bother (...)? 为什么要费劲(……)？ it bothers sb to do sth/that... 做某事使某人烦恼/令某人烦恼的是…… 【教材原句 P44】However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping, then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. 然而，要是学生懒得梳头，并且双眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断有更严重的问题在作祟。 • I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment. • Why bother asking if you are not really interested? 19. conflict n. 矛盾;冲突 vi. 冲突;抵触 教材原句 P44 It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home. 可能是她和其他学生或和家里人发生了严重的冲突。 常用搭配 conflict(s) over sth 关于某事/物的争执 conflict between... and... ……与……之间的冲突 in conflict (with sb/sth) (和某人/某事物)发生冲突/抵触 come into conflict with ... 与……发生冲突/起争执/不一致 conflict of interest(s) 利益冲突 There is a conflict between what they are doing and what you want. 20. adjust vt. 调整;调节 vi. & vt. 适应;(使)习惯 教材原句 P44 Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so they can all get the most out of school. 他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动，什么时候该介入，什么时候该单独和学生谈话，这样他们就能从学校里得到最大的收获。 The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience. 常用搭配 adjust to (doing) sth 适应/习惯(做)某事 adjust oneself to (doing) sth 使某人自己适应/习惯(做)某事 Scientists warn that human beings have to do more to adjust to changing times. You will quickly adjust yourself to the new environment. 重点 联想词 ①adjustable adj. 可调整的;可调节的 ②adjustment n. 调整;调节 make an adjustment to.../make adjustments to... 对……作出调整 We have made some adjustments to our original plan. 易混辨析 adjust 与 adapt 的用法区别 易混词 adjust 除了表示“适应;(使)习惯”，还可表示“调整;调节”，使之适合某种目的。 You should adjust your speed according to the road conditions. adapt 表示“(使)适应(某种环境)”时与 adjust 用法基本相同。此外还可表示“改造;改编”。Many of Dickens's books have been adapted for films. 21. react vi. (对……)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应;起化学反应 常用搭配 react to sth 对某事作出反应;对某物有不良反应 react against 反抗;反对 react with 与……起化学反应 教材原句 P44 Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher. 对肢体语言作出反应是教师职责的重要组成部分。 People can react badly to certain food additives. She reacted against the mindlessness and luxury of their lives. It shows us how iron reacts with air and water. 近义词 respond 联想词 reaction n. 反应;回应;反应能力;化学反应 reaction to... 对……的反应 句型解析 长难句分析 1In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. 句意 在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。 2 In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. 句意 在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。 3 Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. 句意 感到愤怒、害怕或焦虑的学生可能会双臂交叉放在胸前，双腿合拢或交叉，就像他们在保护自己的身体一样。 【知识拓展】 like 和 as 引导方式状语从句 (1)like 引导方式状语从句，意为“像……一样；如同”，此用法常用于口语中，书面语中一般不用 like 引导从句。 • He acts like he owns the place. (2)as 引导方式状语从句，意为“正如；按照”。 • She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be. • Do as the teacher told us. 4 While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. 句意 尽管很容易察觉出学生何时感兴趣、何时感到无聊或分心，但有时要分辨出他们何时陷入困扰却要困难得多。 高频句式 1. 句式 way+(that/in which+)定语从句 在 way 作先行词的定语从句中，若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，从句用关系代词 that/which 引导；若定语从句中缺少方式状语，从句通常用 that/in which 引导，相当于 in... way, that/in which 也可省略。 →关系词在从句中作方式状语，此处省略关系词that/in which 链接课文 Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. 言语是很重要的，但是人们站着的方式、抱臂的方式以及移动双手的方式也可以向我们传达出他们的情感信息。[P38] →关系词在从句中作主语，可以用that或which引导该从句 ● The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 至关重要的是要以一种适合你所处文化的方式来使用肢体语言。[P38] 经典例句 ● The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice... 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $