【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第13讲Unit5-The Value of Money（情态动词表推测-综合复习）-2026-2027学年高中英语（人教版）必修第三册（教师版+学生版）

Unit 5 The Value of Money 精品讲义2027春高一（下）英语-新教材人教版必修三 第13讲 The Value of Money 综合复习——情态动词表推测 语法复习课（学生版） 语法复习课 ● 情态动词表推测 · 词汇派生链 · 金钱主题语篇实战 ————————————————————— 【课时安排】本讲为 Unit 5 综合复习课，建议用时 2 课时——前半段讲练（Part 1—4），后半段实战（Part 5—6）并完成课后作业。 【学习目标】学完本讲应能完成四件事： 能依据句中时态与时间状语，锁定情态动词表推测的时间指向（对现在／对过去／对正在发生）。 能按概率等级区分 must / can’t / should / may / might 等推测词，并在证据强弱之间作出选择，完成语法填空与单项选择。 能梳理 Unit 5 核心词的派生链条，并在语篇中借“推测句”判断人物真实意图、推断隐含信息。 能区分“情态动词 + have done”的两种身份——对过去的推测与虚拟语气的遗憾／责备，根除混淆。 本讲核心（三步法）：推测不是靠语感蒙，是有一条固定判断链——定时间 → 定概率 → 查方向。先把这两件事分开，题目就拆掉了一半。 Part 1　撞墙导入：先跳进去试试 复习的第一件事，不是翻笔记，而是让自己先撞一次墙。下面四题都来自“推测”这个考点，你先不动笔查书，凭直觉作答，把答案写在题后括号里。做完再看 Part 2 的三步法复盘——重点不是“对错”，而是“我为什么会这么想”。 一、判断正误：对的打 √，错的打 ×。 1. He must have finished his homework yesterday.（他昨天一定已经完成了作业。）( ) 2. He mustn’t have finished his homework, because he was watching TV all night.（因为整晚都在看电视，他一定没完成作业。）( ) 二、单项选择。 3. He ______ to the meeting yesterday, for I saw him in the library the whole afternoon. A. can’t have come B. mustn’t have come C. may not come D. shouldn’t have come 4. —Where is Henry now? —He ______ be in the garden. He was watering flowers just now. A. must B. can C. might D. would 我的答案： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 回头看：你第一直觉的答案，是不是有好几处“觉得对却错了”？这就是本讲要解决的核心。下面 Part 2 把这条判断链拆给你看。 Part 2　核心精讲：推测不是猜，是找证据 所谓“表推测”，就是说话人手里没有百分百的证据，却要表达自己对一件事有多大的把握。既然是在“猜”，就得分两件事：我猜的是“什么时候的事”（时间），我有多大的把握（概率）。先把这两件事分开，题目就拆掉了一半。 精讲要点一：推测的时间，不看情态动词，看它后面的动词形式和时间状语 同一个 must，后面接 do、have done、be doing，说的是三种完全不同的事： 动词形式 时间指向 示例 must + do 对现在/将来的推测 He must be in the garden. must + be doing 对正在进行的动作的推测 He must be working now. must + have done 对过去的推测 He must have arrived in Beijing. 判断信号：句子里出现 yesterday、last night、then 等明确的过去时间词，多半是“对过去推测”，用 have done；出现 now、at present 且强调“正在”，用 be doing；没有时间词，就看语境是在说“此刻的事实”还是“过去的事”。 时间定位流程图（可执行）： → 步骤1：寻找时间状语（yesterday / now / at that time…）。 　　├─ 找到 → 直接确定时间，选择对应结构。 　　└─ 未找到 → 进入步骤2。 → 步骤2：分析语境是“对过去事实的猜测”还是“对现状的描述”。 　　├─ 猜测过去（如：推测事件原因、结果）→ 用 have done。 　　└─ 描述现状（如：推测某人此刻在哪、状态如何）→ 用 do / be doing。 考场警示：在推测句里，must、can’t、may、might 都只是“语气词”，真正决定“时间”的是它后面跟的动词形式。很多学生一看到 have done 就往“完成时”上想——这是必须拆除的旧路径。 精讲要点二：概率有等级，方向有讲究 推测不仅分时间，还分“把握程度”。把握从高到低排： 概率等级 情态动词 含义 几乎确定 must 基于充分证据 几乎确定“不是” can’t 证据充足时的否定 按理应当 should 语气比 must 弱 可能 may 不太确定 或许 might 可能性更低 三条硬规则，请刻进记忆： 1. must 只做肯定推测；否定推测“一定不是”必须用 can’t。 2. mustn’t 是“禁止”，永远不是推测。 3. may / might 表推测不用于疑问句；疑问句里表推测用 can（Can it be true?）。 考场警示：只要你想说“肯定不是”，一律 can’t；mustn’t 只会在“禁止”语境出现（You mustn’t smoke here.）。这一组是选择题的常客，也是失分高发点。 精讲要点三：同一副“have done”的外衣，穿的是推测还是虚拟？ 情态动词 + have done，结构相同，却有两个身份。除了“对过去的推测”，它还能表达“本应做却未做”的遗憾或责备： · 推测：must / may / might / can’t / could + have done —— 猜“过去到底发生没发生”。 · 虚拟（含责备／遗憾）：should / ought to + have done —— 本应做而未做（He should have come earlier.）；could + have done —— 本可以做却没做（He could have helped you.） 特别提醒：could have done 身兼两职——无上下文时既可能是“对过去把握较小的推测”（He could have missed the bus. 他可能没赶上公交），也可能是“本可以做却没做”的虚拟（与 should 并列）。到底算哪种，靠语境与情感色彩判定：在“猜过去发生没发生”时是推测，在“本可以如何却没如何”的遗憾里是虚拟。 辨析练习：判断下列句子是“推测”还是“虚拟”，把判断写在句后。 a. He must have taken the wrong bus.（他一定是搭错车了。） b. He shouldn’t have taken the wrong bus.（他本不该搭错车的。） c. He could have taken the wrong bus.（他可能搭错车了。／他本可以搭错车却没搭。） d. He might have taken the wrong bus.（他或许搭错车了。） 我的判断： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 区分关键：不在结构，而在句子蕴含的“情感色彩”和“上下文逻辑”。若上下文在说“本应该如何、却没如何”，带明显遗憾或责备，那是虚拟；若只是单纯在“猜过去发生没发生”，那是推测。把“猜”和“叹气”分清，这类题不再错。 通法提炼：推测类题目的三步法 第一步·定时间：找时间词或语境，决定后面是 do、have done 还是 be doing。 第二步·定概率：看证据多少和语气强弱，决定用哪个情态动词（一级证据用 must / can’t，二级用 should，三级用 may / might）。 第三步·查方向：确认是“肯定”还是“否定”——肯定推测用 must / may / might；否定“一定不是”用 can’t；“禁止”才用 mustn’t（它不参与推测）。 这一条三步法，本讲后面的填空、单选、阅读，全部用它。请在心里默一遍：定时间 → 定概率 → 查方向。 Part 3　讲后即练：用三步法走一遍 练习一　语法填空：用情态动词的适当形式填空（can’t / must / may / might / should 等 + 动词适当形式） 1. You were late again. You ______ (wake) up earlier this morning. 2. The door is locked. He must ______ (leave). 3. She looks pale. She ______ (be) ill for a few days. 4. They ______ (be) on the playground now, for the classroom is empty. 5. I don’t know where my keys are. I ______ (leave) them in the office. 6. You ______ (apologise) to her yesterday, but you didn’t. 我的答案： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 练习二　单项选择 7. —I saw Mary in the street just now. —She ______ be in Beijing. She phoned me an hour ago. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. shouldn’t 8. —Is that Mr Smith over there? —It ______ be him. He has gone to Wuhan. A. must B. can’t C. may D. should 9. I ______ have watered the flowers, but I was too busy to remember. A. must B. might C. should D. needn’t 10. —Who knocked at the door? —It ______ be Tom, I think. He said he would come. A. must B. may C. mustn’t D. can’t 我的答案： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 回看三步法：做错的同学请回看：第2、4题都栽在“定时间”上——没看清是 now 还是对过去的推测，就把结构写错。本讲的钥匙就是那三句话。 Part 4　词汇网络：Unit 5 派生链串一串 高考英语的语法填空和短文改错最爱考“词性转换”：给你一个词的原形，让你填它的名词、形容词或副词。Unit 5 的高频派生链，今天串成一张网——但重点不是背，而是在“句法位置”里锁定该填什么。 · basis n. 基础 → base n./v. 底座；以……为基础 → basic adj. 基础的 → basically adv.；on the basis of 在……基础上 · apologise v. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 → make an apology to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉 · ignore v. 忽视 → ignorance n. 无知 → ignorant adj. 无知的；ignorant of 对……无知的 · judge v./n. 判断；法官 → judgment n. 判断；judging by 从……判断 · scene n. 场景 → scenery n. 风景（总称，不可数）→ scenic adj. 风景优美的 · patience n. 耐心 → patient adj./n. 耐心的；病人 → patiently adv. → impatient adj. 不耐烦的 · indicate v. 表明 → indication n. 迹象；There is (no) indication that ...（没）有迹象表明…… · intention n. 意图 → intend v. 打算 → intended adj. 有意的；intend to do 打算做 · sail v. 航行 → sailor n. 水手 → sailing n. 航海 · mine n./v. 矿山；开采 → miner n. 矿工 · narrate v. 叙述 → narrator n. 叙述者 → narrative n./adj. 叙述（的） · obligation n. 义务 → oblige v. 迫使 → obliged adj. 有义务的；be obliged to do 有义务做 考场警示：① judging by / from ... 是固定短语，在句中作独立成分，其逻辑主语不是句子的主语。例如：Judging by his accent, he must be from the south. 此处的 judging 不能用 judged 替换。② intend to do 与 had intended to do 意义不同。后者表示“本打算做却未做”，是虚拟语气。例如：I had intended to call you, but I got caught in the rain. 派生判断技巧：先定词性，再定变形 做词性转换，不要一上来就“凭印象写”。先问一句：这个空位需要什么词性？ · be + ______ → 通常填形容词（He is quite patient.） · a / an / the + ______ → 填名词（He made an apology.） · ______ + 动词 → 填副词（He listened patiently.） · 介词（of / for / to ...）+ ______ → 填名词 先确定词性，再考虑要不要变形（名词单复数、形容词比较级、动词过去式等）。这样哪怕遇到不认识的派生词，也能靠“句法位置”锁定答案。 练习三　词性转换：用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The judge made a fair ______ (judge) on the case. 2. We should ______ (apology) to him for being late. 3. It is ______ (ignore) of him to leave the tap running. 4. The ______ (sail) spent months on the sea. 5. He was ______ (patience) with the noisy children. 6. She had no ______ (intend) of giving up her dream. 7. There is no ______ (indicate) that the weather will improve. 8. The ______ (narrate) told the story in a soft voice. 我的答案： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 易错提醒：第5题最容易错：不是看到 patience 就填 patient，而是要看语境到底要“耐心”还是“不耐烦”。词性对了，别忘了再验一次“褒贬方向”。 Part 5　语篇实战：金钱主题里找“推测” 下面这篇短文讲的是“以貌取人”的误判，其中藏着大量推测句。先通读一遍，用三步法回答后面的问题。 【语篇】A Servant’s Guess The Grand Hotel had seen richer guests, but tonight it welcomed an unusual one. A middle-aged man in a worn grey coat walked in slowly. The young servant, Jack, stared at him with suspicion. “He can’t be a guest,” he thought. “He must have come to ask for work.” But the man walked straight to the front desk and asked for the best room in the hotel. The manager, a clever man, said nothing but watched closely. “He might be a millionaire testing our service,” he whispered to Jack. “He could have been poor once, but now he is surely someone important.” Jack still doubted it. “He must have borrowed that fine suitcase,” he said. Yet the man paid in cash without any hesitation. Later that night, the man helped a tired waitress carry trays and talked kindly to everyone he met. In the end, the manager was proved right: the man was indeed a famous businessman who had once been very poor. “Never judge a guest by his coat,” the manager told Jack. “Money is not everything, but a kind heart never goes out of style.” Task 1　圈句：请把文中所有表推测的句子圈出来，并在旁边注明：这是对“现在／过去／正在发生”的推测？把握是高还是低？ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ Task 2　阅读选择 1. When the man first entered the hotel, Jack believed he ______. A. must be a millionaire B. couldn’t be a guest and must have come for a job C. might have been a famous businessman D. should be treated with respect 2. What can we infer about the man from the passage? A. He judged people by their clothes. B. He had always been rich. C. He had once been poor. D. He was proud of his money. 3. Which sentence uses “modal verb + have done” to make a guess about the past? A. He can’t be a guest. B. He must have come to ask for work. C. He might be a millionaire. D. He was very poor. 4. The manager’s guess “He might be a millionaire testing our service” serves to show that ______. A. the manager was more observant than Jack B. the man was indeed a millionaire C. the manager was making a guess based on limited evidence D. the man had a good reason to test the hotel 我的答案： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 考场警示：推测句是阅读题的题眼。你在阅读里遇见 can’t have done、must have done 这类句子，别只当“学过”——作者用高把握的推测词，就是在给你暗示“事实如何”；用低把握的词，则是在表示“这只是一种可能”。 Part 6　分层练习：从基础到挑战 【基础层】巩固三步法 1. —Look! Someone has cleaned the blackboard. —Well, it ______ be Mary. She always does it. A. must B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 2. —Can I smoke here? —Sorry. You ______ smoke in the library. A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. may not 3. He ______ have taken the wrong bus, or he would have been here by now. A. must B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. couldn’t 我的答案： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【中档层】区分推测与虚拟、把握证据 4. —The train has left. —We ______ have arrived earlier. What a pity! A. should B. must C. may D. can 5. —I don’t know why he is so angry. —He ______ have misunderstood your words. A. should B. could C. mustn’t D. can’t 6. —Is Tom at home now? —I’m not sure. He ______ be in the study, but he may be out. A. must B. can’t C. might D. will 我的答案： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【挑战层】语篇中的综合判断 阅读下面的对话，回答 7—9 题。 A: You look tired. B: I must have stayed up late last night, preparing for the exam. A: But the ground is dry. It can’t have rained last night, so you probably weren’t stuck indoors. B: Yeah, I just couldn’t sleep. 7. The underlined part “can’t have rained” means ( ). A. 昨晚一定下了雨 B. 昨晚不可能下雨 C. 昨晚本不该下雨 D. 昨晚禁止下雨 8. From the dialogue, we can infer that Speaker A thinks Speaker B’s tiredness ______. A. is certainly due to staying up late B. might be caused by something else C. is definitely not related to the exam D. is a result of the rain 9. Speaker B uses “must have stayed up” to express ______. A. a strong possibility based on personal feeling B. a regret for not having slept earlier C. a fact that he stayed up late D. an order from his parents 我的答案： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 压轴提醒：挑战层第7—9题把推测放进语篇语境，既要认结构，又要看证据。三步法走一遍——定时间（last night → have done）→ 定概率（强证据 → must / can’t）→ 查方向（肯定／否定）——就能拿稳。 Part 7　带走收尾：自检清单与口诀 本讲自检清单：学完本讲，请对照打勾——这是行动导向的检验，不是“我知道”。 □ 面对一道推测题，我能立刻画出“时间定位流程图”，并写出对应的动词结构。 □ 当需要用英语表达“他一定没做作业”时，我能立即写出 He can’t have finished his homework.，而不会写成 mustn’t have done。 □ 遇到“情态动词 + have done”，我能先问一句“这是猜，还是叹气？”，据此区分 must have done（推测：必定做过）与 should have done（虚拟：本应做却未做）。 □ 做词性转换时，我能先定空位词性，再考虑变形与褒贬方向。 口诀速记： 推测先问两件事，时间概率分开看； 情态后面跟形式，do 表现在、have 表过去、be doing 表进行； 证据强用 must、否定必用 can’t，might 表示把握小； mustn’t 只把禁止表，should’ve done 是遗憾。 （合起来就是三步法的顺口溜：定时间、定概率、查方向。） 考场警示：口诀是辅助记忆工具，而非核心知识载体。解题还得靠“三步法”和“证据分级”。 课后作业：一套独立巩固练习 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Grandma Lee was always careful with her money. She believed that a penny saved is a penny earned. Every week she set aside a little from her pension, saying that she 1. ______ (save) for a rainy day. One day, her grandson Tom broke his mother’s favourite vase by accident. He was so worried that he said to Grandma, “I 2. ______ (apologise) to Mum at once, or she will be sad.” Grandma smiled. “Tom, you should not be 3. ______ (ignore) of your mistakes. You should be 4. ______ (patience) and tell her the truth.” When Tom’s mother came home, she saw the broken pieces. Instead of being angry, she said, “You 5. ______ (be) careless, but I am glad you told me. Honesty is worth more than any vase.” That evening, Grandma took out her savings and bought a new vase. “Money 6. ______ (earn), but trust once lost is hard to get back,” she told Tom. Tom nodded, 7. ______ (narrate) the whole story to his father with pride. In the end, Tom learned that the 8. ______ (judge) of a person is not by how much money he has, but by how honest he is. Seeing Grandma’s joy, he felt her words 9. ______ (be) right, and he made a firm 10. ______ (decide) never to hide a mistake again. 我的答案： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 二、单项选择（推测类） 11. —Grandma kept her savings in the box for years. —She ______ have saved them for emergencies. A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. would 12. Tom was so careless that he ______ have broken the vase. A. might B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 我的答案： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 The Value of Money 精品讲义2027春高一（下）英语-新教材人教版必修三 第13讲 The Value of Money 综合复习——情态动词表推测 语法复习课 ● 情态动词表推测 · 词汇派生链 · 金钱主题语篇实战 项目 内容 课时安排 本讲为 Unit 5 综合复习课，建议用时2课时 复习模块 语法复习课：情态动词表推测 + 词汇派生链 + 金钱主题语篇实战 适用对象 新教材人教版必修三 · 高一（下）· 尖子班同步复习 命题定位 综合复习，对标高考“情态动词表推测”高频考点 学习目标 1. 能依据句中时态与时间状语，锁定情态动词表推测的时间指向（对现在／对过去／对正在发生）。 2. 能按概率等级区分 must / can't / should / may / might 等推测词，并在证据强弱之间作出选择，完成语法填空与单项选择。 3. 能梳理 Unit 5 核心词的派生链条，并在语篇中借“推测句”判断人物真实意图、推断隐含信息。 4. 能区分“情态动词 + have done”的两种身份——对过去的推测与虚拟语气的遗憾／责备，根除混淆。 Part 1 撞墙导入：先跳进去试试 复习的第一件事，不是翻笔记，而是让自己先撞一次墙。下面四题都来自“推测”这个考点，你先不动笔查书，凭直觉作答，把答案写在题后括号里。做完再看解析——重点不是“对错”，而是“我为什么会这么想”。 一、判断正误：对的打√，错的打×。 1. He must have finished his homework yesterday.（他昨天一定已经完成了作业。）( ) 2. He mustn't have finished his homework, because he was watching TV all night.（因为整晚都在看电视，他一定没完成作业。）( ) 二、单项选择。 3. He ______ to the meeting yesterday, for I saw him in the library the whole afternoon. A. can't have come B. mustn't have come C. may not come D. shouldn't have come 4. —Where is Henry now? —He ______ be in the garden. He was watering flowers just now. A. must B. can C. might D. would 【答案与解析】 1. √。must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，“他昨天一定完成了作业”，结构正确。注意它不等于“过去完成时”，也不是“必须已经完成”——它是把 must 与 have done 叠加成一体，专用来“猜过去发生过的事”。 2. ×。这句话想表达“他一定没完成作业”，但 mustn't 从来不做推测。must 表推测时，其否定形式不由 mustn't 承担，而由 can't 承担。这是英语中“肯定与否定不对称”的典型现象，也是本讲的核心失分点。表“一定不是”的否定推测，必须用 can't：He can't have finished his homework. 3. A。句意：他昨天不可能来开会，因为我整个下午都在图书馆看见他。后半句给了“证据”，前半句是对过去的否定推测，否定推测用 can't have done。B 的 mustn't 是“禁止”，不表推测；C 时态（对现在）与“yesterday”不符；D 的 shouldn't have come 是“本不该来却来了”，与“整天在图书馆”矛盾。 4. A。“刚才还在浇花”提供了极强的证据链，此时说话人的把握度接近100%，应用表示最高概率的 must。“刚才还在浇花”是现在他很可能在花园的强证据，对现在情况的肯定推测用 must。B 的 can 在肯定句中不表推测；C 的 might 概率仅为30%–40%，在此语境下属于“证据充分却故意弱化”，不符合逻辑；D 的 would 不表“推测发生”。 回头看：你第一直觉的答案，是不是有好几处“觉得对却错了”？这就是本讲要解决的核心——推测不是靠语感蒙，是有一条固定的判断链。下面 Part 2 把这条链拆给你看。 Part 2 核心精讲：推测不是猜，是找证据 所谓“表推测”，就是说话人手里没有百分百的证据，却要表达自己对一件事有多大的把握。既然是在“猜”，就得分两件事：我猜的是“什么时候的事”（时间），我有多大的把握（概率）。先把这两件事分开，题目就拆掉了一半。 精讲要点一：推测的时间，不看情态动词，看它后面的动词形式和时间状语 同一个 must，后面接 do、have done、be doing，说的是三种完全不同的事： 时间指向 结构 例句 对现在（此刻的状态或事实） must / may / might / can't + do The light is on. He must be at home now. 对过去（已发生的事） must / may / might / can't + have done He must have arrived yesterday. 对正在发生 must / may / might / can't + be doing He must be sleeping now. 判断信号：句子里出现 yesterday、last night、then 等明确的过去时间词，多半是“对过去推测”，用 have done；出现 now、at present 且强调“正在”，用 be doing；没有时间词，就看语境是在说“此刻的事实”还是“过去的事”。 时间定位流程图（可执行） → 步骤1：寻找时间状语（yesterday / now / at that time…）。 　　├─ 找到 → 直接确定时间，选择对应结构。 　　└─ 未找到 → 进入步骤2。 → 步骤2：分析语境是“对过去事实的猜测”还是“对现状的描述”。 　　├─ 猜测过去（如：推测事件原因、结果）→ 用 have done。 　　└─ 描述现状（如：推测某人此刻在哪、状态如何）→ 用 do / be doing。 【考场警示】时间指向的判定 在推测句里，must、can't、may、might 都只是“语气词”，真正决定“时间”的是它后面跟的动词形式。很多学生一看到 have done 就往“完成时”上想——这是必须拆除的旧路径。 精讲要点二：概率有等级，方向有讲究 推测不仅分时间，还分“把握程度”。把握从高到低排： · must——几乎确定，基于充分证据（The ground is wet. It must have rained.） · can't——几乎确定“不是”，证据充足时的否定（It can't have rained; the ground is dry.） · should——按理应当如此，语气比 must 弱（He should be home by now.） · may——可能，不太确定（He may be busy.） · might——或许，可能性更低（He might be out.） 三条硬规则，请刻进记忆： 1. must 只做肯定推测；否定推测“一定不是”必须用 can't。 2. mustn't 是“禁止”，永远不是推测。 3. may / might 表推测不用于疑问句；疑问句里表推测用 can（Can it be true?）。 证据强度分级与对应情态动词 证据等级 特征 对应情态动词 一级证据 客观事实／直接观察（如“地湿了”“灯亮着”） must（肯定）／can't（否定） 二级证据 间接推理／普遍规律（如“他平时很守时”） should（按理应该） 三级证据 主观猜测／无直接证据（如“我不知道”“也许吧”） may / might / could 【考场警示】can't 与 mustn't 只要你想说“肯定不是”，一律 can't；mustn't 只会在“禁止”语境出现（You mustn't smoke here.）。这一组是选择题的常客，也是失分高发点。 精讲要点三：同一副“have done”的外衣，穿的是推测还是虚拟？ 情态动词 + have done，结构相同，却有两个身份。除了“对过去的推测”，它还能表达“本应做却未做”的遗憾或责备： · 推测：must / may / might / can't / could + have done —— 猜“过去到底发生没发生” · 虚拟（含责备／遗憾）：should / ought to + have done —— 本应做而未做（He should have come earlier.）；could + have done —— 本可以做却没做（He could have helped you.） 特别提醒：could have done 身兼两职——无上下文时既可能是“对过去把握较小的推测”（He could have missed the bus. 他可能没赶上公交），也可能是“本可以做却没做”的虚拟（与 should 并列）。到底算哪种，靠语境与情感色彩判定：在“猜过去发生没发生”时是推测，在“本可以如何却没如何”的遗憾里是虚拟。这一点正是后面第5题与课后练习反复考的。 辨析练习：判断下列句子是“推测”还是“虚拟” a. He must have taken the wrong bus.（推测：他一定是搭错车了。） b. He shouldn't have taken the wrong bus.（虚拟：他本不该搭错车的。） c. He could have taken the wrong bus.（推测／虚拟两可：他可能搭错车了。／他本可以搭错车却没搭。） d. He might have taken the wrong bus.（推测：他或许搭错车了。） 【解析】句a：无情感色彩，单纯基于证据的猜测→推测。句b：带有明显的“责备”或“遗憾”情感，表示“本应如何却未如何”→虚拟。句c：在无上下文时两种解读皆有可能；若下文是“所以他迟到了”，则为推测；若下文是“但他选择了步行”，则为虚拟。句d：语气最弱，通常为推测。 【考场警示】推测与虚拟的区分 区分的关键不在于结构，而在于句子蕴含的“情感色彩”和“上下文逻辑”。若上下文在说“本应该如何、却没如何”，带明显遗憾或责备，那是虚拟；若只是单纯在“猜过去发生没发生”，那是推测。把“猜”和“叹气”分清，这类题不再错。 通法提炼：推测类题目的三步法 第一步·定时间：找时间词或语境，决定后面是 do、have done 还是 be doing。 第二步·定概率：看证据多少和语气强弱，决定用哪个情态动词（一级证据用 must / can't，二级用 should，三级用 may / might）。 第三步·查方向：确认是“肯定”还是“否定”——肯定推测用 must / may / might；否定“一定不是”用 can't；“禁止”才用 mustn't（它不参与推测）。 这一条三步法，本讲后面的填空、单选、阅读，全部用它。请在心里默一遍：定时间 → 定概率 → 查方向。 Part 3 讲后即练：用三步法走一遍 练习一 语法填空：用情态动词的适当形式填空（can't / must / may / might / should 等 + 动词适当形式）。 1. You were late again. You ______ (wake) up earlier this morning. 2. The door is locked. He must ______ (leave). 3. She looks pale. She ______ (be) ill for a few days. 4. They ______ (be) on the playground now, for the classroom is empty. 5. I don't know where my keys are. I ______ (leave) them in the office. 6. You ______ (apologise) to her yesterday, but you didn't. 练习二 单项选择。 7. —I saw Mary in the street just now. —She ______ be in Beijing. She phoned me an hour ago. A. can't B. mustn't C. may not D. shouldn't 8. —Is that Mr Smith over there? —It ______ be him. He has gone to Wuhan. A. must B. can't C. may D. should 9. I ______ have watered the flowers, but I was too busy to remember. A. must B. might C. should D. needn't 10. —Who knocked at the door? —It ______ be Tom, I think. He said he would come. A. must B. may C. mustn't D. can't 【答案与解析】 1. should have woken。“本应该早点醒来却没醒”，带责备语气，用 should have done（虚拟身份）。先定：有“should ... earlier”，是对过去的遗憾 → should have done。 2. have left。门锁着（强证据），推测“他已经离开了”→ 对过去肯定推测用 must have done。定时间：题干已有 must，只填 have left；此处重点在于——证据“门锁了”是判断依据，而不是靠时间状语。 3. may have been。脸色苍白只是“可能”生病的证据，不太确定 → 对过去推测用 may / might have done。这里选 may（可能性中等）。 4. must be。教室空无一物（证据强），推测“他们现在肯定在操场”→ 对现在肯定推测用 must + do。注意是 now，用 be，不是 have done。 5. might have left。“不知道丢哪”说明把握很小 → 对过去推测，可能性低用 might have done（也可 may）。 6. should have apologised。后面“but you didn't”明确遗憾／责备 → 本应道歉却没道歉，用 should have done；同时考查 apologise 的过去分词 apologised。 7. A。刚才看见她，所以“她现在不可能在北京”→ 对现在否定推测用 can't。B 的 mustn't 是禁止；C 的 may not 表示“可能不”，与“刚才还看见”的矛盾证据冲突；D 的 shouldn't 表“不该”。 8. B。他已去武汉（强证据），所以“那边不可能是他”→ 否定推测用 can't。 9. C。“本来该浇花却忘了”→ 遗憾／责备，用 should have done。A 的 must have done 是推测“一定浇了”，与“too busy to remember”矛盾；B 的 might have done 是“可能浇了”，也矛盾；D 的 needn't have done 是“本不必浇却浇了”，不合语境。 10. B。“他说今晚会来”只是线索，不能百分百确定 → 对现在推测，把握不大用 may。此处 may 与 could 在“可能性”上接近，但 may 更贴合“我认为”这一主观判断。A 的 must 证据不足；D 的 can't 与“他说会来”矛盾。 做错的同学请回看三步法：第2、4题都栽在“定时间”上——没看清是 now 还是对过去的推测，就把结构写错。可见本讲的钥匙就是那三句话。 Part 4 词汇网络：Unit 5 派生链串一串 高考英语的语法填空和短文改错，最爱考“词性转换”：给你一个词的原形，让你填它的名词、形容词或副词。Unit 5 的高频派生链，今天串成一张网——但重点不是背，而是在“句法位置”里锁定该填什么。 · basis n. 基础 → base n./v. 底座；以……为基础 → basic adj. 基础的 → basically adv.；on the basis of 在……基础上 · apologise v. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 → make an apology to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉 · ignore v. 忽视 → ignorance n. 无知 → ignorant adj. 无知的；ignorant of 对……无知的 · judge v./n. 判断；法官 → judgment n. 判断；judging by 从……判断 · scene n. 场景 → scenery n. 风景（总称，不可数）→ scenic adj. 风景优美的 · patience n. 耐心 → patient adj./n. 耐心的；病人 → patiently adv. → impatient adj. 不耐烦的 · indicate v. 表明 → indication n. 迹象；There is (no) indication that ...（没）有迹象表明…… · intention n. 意图 → intend v. 打算 → intended adj. 有意的；intend to do 打算做 · sail v. 航行 → sailor n. 水手 → sailing n. 航海 · mine n./v. 矿山；开采 → miner n. 矿工 · narrate v. 叙述 → narrator n. 叙述者 → narrative n./adj. 叙述（的） · obligation n. 义务 → oblige v. 迫使 → obliged adj. 有义务的；be obliged to do 有义务做 【考场警示】judging by / from 固定搭配 judging by/from ... 是固定短语，在句中作独立成分，其逻辑主语不是句子的主语。例如：Judging by his accent, he must be from the south. 此处的 judging 不能用 judged 替换。 【考场警示】intend 的虚拟陷阱 intend to do sth. 与 had intended to do sth. 意义不同。后者表示“本打算做却未做”，是虚拟语气。例如：I had intended to call you, but I got caught in the rain. 派生判断技巧：先定词性，再定变形 做词性转换，不要一上来就“凭印象写”。先问一句：这个空位需要什么词性？ · be + ______ → 通常填形容词（He is quite patient.） · a / an / the + ______ → 填名词（He made an apology.） · ______ + 动词 → 填副词（He listened patiently.） · 介词（of / for / to ...）+ ______ → 填名词 先确定词性，再考虑要不要变形（名词单复数、形容词比较级、动词过去式等）。这样哪怕遇到不认识的派生词，也能靠“句法位置”锁定答案。 练习三 词性转换：用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The judge made a fair ______ (judge) on the case. 2. We should ______ (apology) to him for being late. 3. It is ______ (ignore) of him to leave the tap running. 4. The ______ (sail) spent months on the sea. 5. He was ______ (patience) with the noisy children. 6. She had no ______ (intend) of giving up her dream. 7. There is no ______ (indicate) that the weather will improve. 8. The ______ (narrate) told the story in a soft voice. 【答案与解析】 1. judgment。a + ____ + on 结构，空位要名词：judge 是动词／名词“法官”，这里“作出公正的判断”用名词 judgment。 2. apologise。should 后接动词原形，用 apologise（动词）。 3. ignorant。It is + ____ + of sb 结构，空位要形容词“无知的”，用 ignorant。 4. sailor。The + ____ + spent，主语位置要名词“水手”，sail 是动词“航行”，加 -or 变人用 sailor。 5. impatient。be + ____ + with，要形容词“不耐烦的”，patience 去掉 -ce 加 -t 变 patient“耐心的”，再加否定前缀 im-。注意语境“对吵闹的孩子”应为“不耐烦”，别填成 patient。 6. intention。had no + ____ + of，介词 of 前要名词“意图”，用 intention。 7. indication。There is no + ____ + that，要名词“迹象”，indicate 去 -e 加 -ion 用 indication。 8. narrator。The + ____ + told，主语要名词“叙述者”，narrate 加 -or 用 narrator。 第5题最容易错：不是看到 patience 就填 patient，而是要看语境到底要“耐心”还是“不耐烦”。词性对了，别忘了再验一次“褒贬方向”。 Part 5 语篇实战：金钱主题里找“推测” 下面这篇短文讲的是“以貌取人”的误判，其中藏着大量推测句。先通读一遍，用三步法回答后面的问题。 [语篇] A Servant's Guess The Grand Hotel had seen richer guests, but tonight it welcomed an unusual one. A middle-aged man in a worn grey coat walked in slowly. The young servant, Jack, stared at him with suspicion. “He can't be a guest,” he thought. “He must have come to ask for work.” But the man walked straight to the front desk and asked for the best room in the hotel. The manager, a clever man, said nothing but watched closely. “He might be a millionaire testing our service,” he whispered to Jack. “He could have been poor once, but now he is surely someone important.” Jack still doubted it. “He must have borrowed that fine suitcase,” he said. Yet the man paid in cash without any hesitation. Later that night, the man helped a tired waitress carry trays and talked kindly to everyone he met. In the end, the manager was proved right: the man was indeed a famous businessman who had once been very poor. “Never judge a guest by his coat,” the manager told Jack. “Money is not everything, but a kind heart never goes out of style.” Task 1 圈句：请把文中所有表推测的句子圈出来，并在旁边注明：这是对“现在／过去／正在发生”的推测？把握是高还是低？ Task 2 阅读选择。 1. When the man first entered the hotel, Jack believed he ______. A. must be a millionaire B. couldn't be a guest and must have come for a job C. might have been a famous businessman D. should be treated with respect 2. What can we infer about the man from the passage? A. He judged people by their clothes. B. He had always been rich. C. He had once been poor. D. He was proud of his money. 3. Which sentence uses "modal verb + have done" to make a guess about the past? A. He can't be a guest. B. He must have come to ask for work. C. He might be a millionaire. D. He was very poor. 4. The manager's guess "He might be a millionaire testing our service" serves to show that ______. A. the manager was more observant than Jack B. the man was indeed a millionaire C. the manager was making a guess based on limited evidence D. the man had a good reason to test the hotel 【答案与解析】 Task 1：推测句集中在第二、三段——He can't be a guest.（对现在，否定，把握高）；He must have come to ask for work.（对过去，把握高）；He might be a millionaire.（对现在，把握低）；He could have been poor once.（对过去，把握中）；He must have borrowed that fine suitcase.（对过去，把握高）。这五句正是三步法的活标本：can't / must 表示高把握，might 表示低把握，must / could 后接 have done 表对过去的推测。 1. B。原文第一段“He can't be a guest ... He must have come to ask for work.”明确说 Jack 认为他不是客人、一定是来找工作的。A 与原文相反（认为他一定是百万富翁是误判）；C“可能曾是名人”文中未提；D“应以礼相待”与 Jack 的怀疑态度不符。 2. C。结尾“the man was indeed a famous businessman who had once been very poor”直接证实他曾经很穷。A 是 Jack 的行为，不是这个男人的；B 与“had once been very poor”矛盾；D“为钱骄傲”文中未提。 3. B。must have come 是“情态动词 + have done”对过去作推测的标准结构。A 的 can't be 是“情态动词 + do”对现在；C 的 might be 对现在；D 是一般过去时，不涉及情态动词。 4. C。此题考查对推测句功能的深层理解。经理的话使用了 might，表明这只是他基于有限信息的猜测，而非事实。因此这句话的作用是展现经理的思考过程，而不是陈述事实。正确答案为 C。 【考场警示】推测句是阅读题的题眼 读后请回看第2、4题：它们考查的就是“从上下文证据推出人物背景／推断作者暗示”。你在阅读里遇见 can't have done、must have done 这类句子，别只当“学过”——作者用高把握的推测词，就是在给你暗示“事实如何”；用低把握的词，则是在表示“这只是一种可能”。 Part 6 分层练习：从基础到挑战 【基础层】巩固三步法。 1. —Look! Someone has cleaned the blackboard. —Well, it ______ be Mary. She always does it. A. must B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't 2. —Can I smoke here? —Sorry. You ______ smoke in the library. A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. may not 3. He ______ have taken the wrong bus, or he would have been here by now. A. must B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. couldn't 【中档层】区分推测与虚拟、把握证据。 4. —The train has left. —We ______ have arrived earlier. What a pity! A. should B. must C. may D. can 5. —I don't know why he is so angry. —He ______ have misunderstood your words. A. should B. could C. mustn't D. can't 6. —Is Tom at home now? —I'm not sure. He ______ be in the study, but he may be out. A. must B. can't C. might D. will 【挑战层】语篇中的综合判断。 阅读下面的对话，回答 7—9 题。 A: You look tired. B: I must have stayed up late last night, preparing for the exam. A: But the ground is dry. It can't have rained last night, so you probably weren't stuck indoors. B: Yeah, I just couldn't sleep. 7. The underlined part “can't have rained” means ( ). A. 昨晚一定下了雨 B. 昨晚不可能下雨 C. 昨晚本不该下雨 D. 昨晚禁止下雨 8. From the dialogue, we can infer that Speaker A thinks Speaker B's tiredness ______. A. is certainly due to staying up late B. might be caused by something else C. is definitely not related to the exam D. is a result of the rain 9. Speaker B uses “must have stayed up” to express ______. A. a strong possibility based on personal feeling B. a regret for not having slept earlier C. a fact that he stayed up late D. an order from his parents 【答案与解析】 1. A。“她总是擦黑板”是强证据，推测“一定是 Mary”→ 对现在肯定推测用 must。B 的 can't 表否定，与“she always does it”矛盾；C 的 mustn't 是禁止；D 的 needn't 是“不必”。 2. C。“禁止抽烟”用 mustn't。A 的 can't 是“能力上不能／表否定”，B 的 needn't 是“不必”，D 的 may not 是“可能不”，都不合“禁止”语气。记住：mustn't 专管“禁止”。 3. A。“否则早就到了”说明他很可能坐错了车 → 对过去肯定推测用 must have done。 4. A。车已开走，后悔“本该早点到”→ 带遗憾／责备，用 should have arrived earlier（虚拟身份）。 5. B。“他可能误解了你的话”是对过去可能性的推测，把握不大用 could / might have done。这里 could 正是精讲要点三里说的“对过去把握较小的推测”。A 的 should have done 是“本应误解却未”，荒谬；C、D 是否定推测，与“不知为何生气”的疑惑语境不符。 6. C。“我不确定”说明把握很小 → 对现在推测，用 might（可能性低）。A 的 must 证据不足；B 的 can't 是“一定不是”；D 的 will 不表推测。 7. B。can't have done 表示“对过去否定推测：不可能做过”。题干“地是干的”是证据，推出“昨晚不可能下雨”。A 是 must have done 的意思；C 的 shouldn't have rained 是“本不该下”；D 的 mustn't 是“禁止”，都不对。 8. B。A 说“地是干的，所以你大概不是因为下雨被困在室内”，言下之意是“你累的原因可能是别的”→ 推断 B 的疲惫可能另有原因。A 与 A 的推测矛盾；C、D 均无依据。 9. A。must have stayed up 是 B 基于“看起来很累”和“在备考”的个人感受作出的高把握推测，表达的是“很强的可能性”，而非事实陈述。B 是虚拟语气的遗憾，此处无此情感；C 错在 must 表推测不等于陈述事实；D 无依据。 挑战层第7—9题是本讲的“压轴”考法：把推测放进语篇语境，既要认结构，又要看证据。只要三步法走一遍——定时间（last night → have done）→ 定概率（强证据 → must / can't）→ 查方向（肯定／否定）——就能拿稳。 Part 7 带走收尾：自检清单与口诀 【本讲自检清单】学完本讲，请对照打勾——这是行动导向的检验，不是“我知道”。 □ 面对一道推测题，我能立刻画出“时间定位流程图”，并写出对应的动词结构。 □ 当需要用英语表达“他一定没做作业”时，我能立即写出 He can't have finished his homework.，而不会写成 mustn't have done。 □ 遇到“情态动词 + have done”，我能先问一句“这是猜，还是叹气？”，据此区分 must have done（推测：必定做过）与 should have done（虚拟：本应做却未做）。 □ 做词性转换时，我能先定空位词性，再考虑变形与褒贬方向。 【口诀速记】 推测先问两件事，时间概率分开看： 情态后面跟形式，do 表现在、have 表过去、be doing 表进行； 证据强用 must、否定必用 can't，might 表示把握小； mustn't 只把禁止表，should've done 是遗憾。 （合起来就是三步法的顺口溜：定时间、定概率、查方向。） 【考场警示】口诀的定位 口诀是辅助记忆工具，而非核心知识载体。解题还得靠“三步法”和“证据分级”。 课后作业：一套独立巩固练习 一、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Grandma Lee was always careful with her money. She believed that a penny saved is a penny earned. Every week she set aside a little from her pension, saying that she 1. ______ (save) for a rainy day. One day, her grandson Tom broke his mother's favourite vase by accident. He was so worried that he said to Grandma, “I 2. ______ (apologise) to Mum at once, or she will be sad.” Grandma smiled. “Tom, you should not be 3. ______ (ignore) of your mistakes. You should be 4. ______ (patience) and tell her the truth.” When Tom's mother came home, she saw the broken pieces. Instead of being angry, she said, “You 5. ______ (be) careless, but I am glad you told me. Honesty is worth more than any vase.” That evening, Grandma took out her savings and bought a new vase. “Money 6. ______ (earn), but trust once lost is hard to get back,” she told Tom. Tom nodded, 7. ______ (narrate) the whole story to his father with pride. In the end, Tom learned that the 8. ______ (judge) of a person is not by how much money he has, but by how honest he is. Seeing Grandma's joy, he felt her words 9. ______ (be) right, and he made a firm 10. ______ (decide) never to hide a mistake again. 二、单项选择（推测类）。 11. —Grandma kept her savings in the box for years. —She ______ have saved them for emergencies. A. must B. mustn't C. can D. would 12. Tom was so careless that he ______ have broken the vase. A. might B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 【答案与解析】 1. was saving。“saying that she ... for a rainy day”是正在进行的储备行为，用过去进行时 was saving。 2. will apologise。此处“I ______ (apologise) to Mum at once”是 Tom 在事发当下作出的承诺，表示“我马上就去道歉”，用一般将来时 will apologise 最为贴切。用一般现在时 apologise 表示计划或时刻表，在此语境下不恰当。 3. ignorant。be + ____ + of 是固定搭配 be ignorant of（对……一无所知／视而不见）。“你不应该对自己的错误视而不见”，用形容词 ignorant。 4. patient。be + ____ + and tell，要形容词“有耐心的”，patience 去 -ce 加 -t 用 patient。 5. must have been。妈妈在推测 Tom“一定是粗心了”→ 对过去肯定推测，用 must have been。 6. is earned。“Money ______ (earn)”表“钱是挣来的”这一普遍道理，用一般现在时的被动 is earned。 7. narrating。Tom nodded, ______ (narrate) ... 用现在分词表伴随，narrate 加 -ing 用 narrating。 8. judgment。the + ____ + of a person，空位要名词“判断”，judge 的名词是 judgment（注意拼写，此处统一用 judgment）。 9. must be。Tom 觉得“外婆的话一定是对的”，是主观高把握判断→对一般情况的肯定推测用 must + be。这是把本讲的“推测”写进语篇的一次迁移。 10. decision。make a firm + 名词，用 decide 的名词 decision。 11. A。奶奶多年存钱是强证据，推测“她一定是为应急而存”→ 对过去肯定推测用 must have saved them。本题的关键在于理解“kept her savings ... for years”这一行为的长期性和目的性，“为应急而存”是一个合理的、基于长期行为的推断，因此用 must。若用 may have saved，则会削弱这种长期积累的确定性。 12. A。妈妈在推测 Tom“可能是粗心打碎的”→ 对过去可能性推测，把握不大用 might have broken。B 的 mustn't 是禁止；C 的 needn't have done 是“本不必做却做了”；D 的 shouldn't have broken 是“本不该打碎却打碎”，责备语气，与妈妈宽容的态度不符。 附：教师使用说明 1. 本讲为 Unit 5 综合复习第1课时，建议用时2课时，前半段讲练（Part 1—4），后半段实战（Part 5—6）并布置课后作业。 2. 全讲围绕“三步法”（定时间 → 定概率 → 查方向）展开，建议板书时将“时间定位流程图”与“证据强度分级表”作为两条主干线索。 3. 重点易错点集中在三处：① mustn't 只表禁止，否定推测一律用 can't；② 区分 must have done（推测）与 should have done（虚拟）；③ 词性转换时先定词性、再验褒贬方向。 4. 讲评建议：对 Part 1、Part 3、Part 5 的错题，引导学生回看“三步法”与“证据分级”，用“这是猜还是叹气”自查是否混淆推测与虚拟。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $