定语从句在语法填空 写作和长难句分析中的应用 导学案-2027届高考英语一轮复习专项

高三年级定语从句复习导学案 【学习目标】 By the end of the class, you will be able to: 1. learn and classify relative words (relative pronouns & adverbs) and master their basic rules; 2. be familiar with and able to apply the special usages of relative words in attributive clauses; 3. be able to use attributive clauses skillfully in writing. 【课前预习案设计】 一、定语从句基本概念 Tom is my father. My father is a teacher. = Tom is my father who/that is a teacher. 1.先行词是被定语从句修饰的 或 。在上述例句中， 是先行词， 是关系词 2.关系词的三个作用：指代 ；引导整个定语从句；在定语从句中 成分。 3.定语从句的结构： 4.定语从句的分类 1. ：无逗号，对先行词起限定修饰作用 She got a computer that her parents bought for her.（computer：先行词；that：关系词） 2. ：有逗号，，先行词可以是前面整个句子，不能用 that 引导 She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit .（She and her family bicycle to work：整个句子做先行词；which：关系词） 二、定语从句中关系词的分类 关系词可分为 和 1. 关系代词根据指代的先行词又可以分为指人的关系代词 ， ， ， ，和指物的关系代词 ， ， 。其中， ， ， 比较特殊，既可以指人，又可以指物。 as通常用于固定结构，如the same...as, such...as或as is known to us, as is reported.... 2.关系副词有三个，分别是 ， ， 。在从句中做 when指时间，在定语从句中作____________。先行词通常有：time，day，week，year，moment等____________。此时when＝on , in，at，during...＋which。具体用哪个介词要根据先行词的搭配来确定。 I can not forget the day when (＝on which) I first saw you. where 指地点，在定语从句中作____________。先行词通常有：place，street，house，city，country等________________。此时where=in ，at，on...＋which，具体用哪个介词要根据先行词的搭配来确定 why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。此时why＝for which。 The reason why (＝for which) I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 三、关系词的特殊用法 1.只能用which，不能用that情况： 1) ______________________ 2) ______________________ 2.只能用that，不能用which情况：（口诀：代序高双疑特指） ____________（something, nothing, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, anything, anybody, anyone…） ____________（the first, the second…） ____________（the best, the most，…） ____________（人+物） ____________（who, which） ____________（the only, the very, the last, just…） 3.先行词为point，situation，stage，condition, position，case，scene等表抽象意义的情形、情况、局面、地步、状态、地位、地点等含义的名词, 关系副词常用 where。 There is a point where you should give up the plan. 译文：到了某个地步，你就应该放弃这个计划了。 【课堂教学设计】 【探究一】高考真题语法填空无提示词——定语从句4步解题法 第一步：找两个谓语，定连词空位 简单句只有 1 个谓语（原形、三单和过去式形式的动词），非谓语（doing/done/to do）不算谓语！句中有2个及以上谓语，且无 and/but/or 连接，空位必填连接词。 第二步：看名词修饰关系，确认定语从句 空位前有名词（先行词），且后句修饰该名词（回答 “哪一个 / 什么样的”），二者皆满足，就是定语从句。 第三步：判从句成分，定代词 / 副词 只分析从句内部，缺主语 / 宾语用关系代词，成分完整用关系副词。 第四步：结合先行词，锁定最终答案 例题讲解：（2023 全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life... 解题4步骤 1. 双谓语：is/welcomes，无并列连词； 2. 先行词a place，后句修饰它； 3. 从句缺主语，用关系代词； 4. 先行词a place指物→which/that。 【牛刀小试】 （2026 全国 I 卷）Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ______serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 双谓语： ， 无并列连词； 先行词 ，后句修饰它； 从句缺 ，用 ； 先行词 指 ，所以填 。 （2026 全国 II卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of ______ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. 双谓语： ， 无并列连词； 先行词 ，后句修饰它； 从句缺 ，用 ； 先行词 指 ，又因为前面有of，是 （词性），所以填 。 （2025 全国 I 卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.  双谓语： ， 无并列连词； 先行词 ，后句修饰它； 从句缺 ，用 ；  先行词 指 + 非限制性定语从句（逗号），所以填 。 （2025 全国 II 卷）I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains...  双谓语： ， ，无并列连词； 先行词 ，后句修饰它； 从句成分 （完整/不完整），用 ； 先行词 指 ，所以填 。 （2024 全国 I 卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route ______ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 双谓语： ， ，无并列连词； 先行词  ，后句修饰它； 从句缺 ，用 ； 先行词 指 ，所以填 。 【探究二】长难句分析——定语从句：遇到长难句时，用“找谓语、划连词、去修饰（三长：介词短语，从句，非谓语和两短：形容词和副词）、抓主干”的四步法进行分析 例题讲解：（2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【句式分析】 1. 找谓语：add (主句谓语)；is known (从句谓语) 2. 划连词：who（定语从句引导词） 3. 去修饰：commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu；who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,”；William Shakespeare’s hometown 4. 抓主干：Chinese cultural elements add an international character to Stratford‑upon‑Avon. 定语从句细节 先行词:Tang Xianzu 关系词:who 在从句中做何成分:主语 翻译：纪念被誉为 “亚洲的莎士比亚” 的汤显祖的中国文化元素，为威廉・莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔斯特拉特福增添了国际特色。 （2026全国I卷C篇）Oaks and sweetgums(橡树和枫香树), which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene (异戊二烯). 找谓语 画连词 去修饰 句子主干 定语从句细节 先行词 关系词 在从句中做何成分 翻译： 【探究三】写作提分句式——定语从句 1.简单句升级训练 原始句：We will organize a reading activity. It encourages students to appreciate classics. 升级：We will organize a reading activity which encourages students to appreciate classics. 译文：我们将举办一场阅读活动，鼓励学生品读经典。 原始句：She stood beside the window. She watched the falling leaves. 升级：She stood beside the window, where she watched the falling leaves. 译文：她伫立窗边，望着片片落叶。 原始句：I met a stranger. He helped me find the way back. 升级：I met a stranger, who helped me find the way back. 译文：我遇到一位陌生人，他帮我找到了归途。 原始句：I admire the craftsman. His works show the charm of Bian embroidery. 升级：I admire the craftsman whose works show the charm of Bian embroidery. 译文：我十分欣赏这位匠人，他的作品展现汴绣独有的韵味。 原始句：There are many valuable traditions. From that we can draw wisdom. 升级：There are many valuable traditions, from which we can draw wisdom. 译文：存在许多珍贵传统，我们可以从中汲取智慧。 2.写作提分句式——非定语从句 公式：Sb did, which impressed/touched/delighted/annoyed/shocked us a lot. （这很令我印象深刻/感动/开心/生气/震惊。） （which=and it/主句主语） 使用场景：进一步补充说明。 例句： Our English teacher walked into the classroom with a smile, which impressed us a lot. 我们的英语老师面带微笑走进教室，这给我们留下了深刻的印象。 翻译练习 1. 喜 I made it to the end, . 我坚持到了最后，这让我非常开心。 2. 悲 They always made fun of me, . 他们总是取笑我，这让我十分沮丧。 3. 怒 My deskmate kept talking during the exam, . 考试的时候，我的同桌一直在讲话，这让我非常生气。 4. 惧  A wild bear suddenly appeared in front of us, . 一只野熊突然出现在我们面前，把我吓得不轻。 5. 惊讶 They brought me a shining new bicycle, . 他们给我带来了一辆崭新锃亮的自行车，这完全出乎我的意料。 6. 紧张、焦急 My little brother has been staying up late playing video games every night, 我弟弟每晚都熬夜玩电子游戏，这让我十分担忧。 7. 尴尬、羞愧 My teacher asked me to answer a difficult question in front of the whole class, 老师让我在全班同学面前回答一个难题，这让我尴尬极了。 8. 感恩 They brought me a shining new bicycle, . 他们给我带来了一辆崭新锃亮的自行车，为此我心怀感激。 【课后巩固设计】 1、 语法填空 1.Jack came late to school, ________ made the teacher very angry. 2.Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position. 3.The first thing _________ he did after arriving home was doing his homework. 4.It is the tallest building _________ John has seen ever since he came here. 5.She said she would do anything ________ could help her mother recover from the disease. 6.The book in _______ there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming. 7.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals ______ you are talking about. 二、长难句分析 （2025 全国 I 卷 阅读 A）As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. 找谓语 画连词 去修饰 句子主干 定语从句细节 先行词 关系词 在从句中做何成分 翻译： （2023 新高考 II 卷 阅读）Schools that focus on students’ long-term development are more popular among parents who value quality education. 找谓语 画连词 去修饰 句子主干 定语从句细节 先行词 关系词 在从句中做何成分 翻译： The research, which was conducted by a team of international scientists, suggests that the amount of plastic waste in the ocean could triple over the next decade if no action is taken to reduce pollution. 找谓语 画连词 去修饰 句子主干 定语从句细节 先行词 关系词 在从句中做何成分 翻译： Teenagers whose parents encourage them to think independently from an early age are more likely to develop strong problem-solving skills and demonstrate greater confidence when facing various challenges in life. 找谓语 画连词 去修饰 句子主干 定语从句细节 先行词 关系词 在从句中做何成分 翻译： 三、用定语从句合并句子 1. I respect the old craftsman. He preserves traditional skills. 2.  Take regular exercise. It can reduce pressure from study. 3.  The speech will be held in the lecture hall. We can learn about AI there. 4.  The book introduces the Silk Road. I borrowed it from the city library. 4、 请将下面句子翻译成定语从句 1. 善意可以人与人之间传递，让整个社区更加温暖。 2. 活动持续三小时，期间我们彼此交流。 3. 我们参与文化展，这极大开阔了眼界。 4. 我们学校上周举办了一场主题为我爱英语的演讲活动 定语从句思维导图，你来动动手吧！ ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 课前预习案设计定语从句导学案答案 一、定语从句基本概念 1名词；代词；my father；who/that一・2先行词；充当（作）一・3先行词＋关系词＋定语从句（从句其余部分）一・4-1)限制性定语从句一・4-2)非限制性定语从句 2、 定语从句中关系词的分类 关系代词；关系副词 1指人：who、whom、whose、that；指物：which、whose、that；特殊（人、物均可）：that、whose 2when、where、why；状语when 空时间状语；表示时间的名词where 空地点状语；表示地点的名词 3、 关系词的特殊用法 非限制性定语从句中（先行词后有逗号）；介词之后（介词＋which） 代：不定代词（something/anything…）；序：序数词（the first…）；高：最高级（the best…）；双：先行词既有人又有物；疑：疑问代词 who/which；特：the only、the very、the last 等特指限定词 探究一・牛刀小试 1. （2026 全国 I 卷）stands 处：双谓语：line up、serve，无并列连词；先行词：stands；从句缺主语，用关系代词；先行词 stands 指物，所以填 that/which。 2. （2026 全国 II 卷）of ___ 处：双谓语：move、are，无并列连词；先行词：tai chi positions；从句缺主语（forty-two of which 作主语），用关系代词；先行词指物，又因为前面有 of，是介词（词性），所以填 which。 3. （2025 全国 I 卷）___ originated 处：双谓语：is featuring、originated，无并列连词；先行词：Go（or weiqi in Chinese）；从句缺主语，用关系代词；先行词指物＋非限制性定语从句（逗号），所以填 which。 4. （2025 全国 II 卷）___ bamboo 处：双谓语：live、grow，无并列连词；先行词：the countryside（of Zhejiang, China）；从句成分完整，用关系副词；先行词指地点，所以填 where。 5. （2024 全国 I 卷）Silk Route ___ 处：双谓语：stands、brought，无并列连词；先行词：the Silk Route；从句缺主语，用关系代词；先行词指物，所以填 that/which。 探究二・长难句分析（2026 全国 I 卷 C 篇） · 找谓语：account for（account）、produce；画连词：which · 去修饰：which currently account for…（非限制性定语从句）；called isoprene（非谓语作后置定语） · 句子主干：Oaks and sweetgums produce huge amounts of a chemical substance. · 定语从句细节：先行词 Oaks and sweetgums；关系词 which；在从句中作主语 · 翻译：橡树和枫香树（目前占该市树木的大多数）会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。 which delighted me a lot which depressed me a lot which annoyed me a lot which frightened us a lot which surprised me a lot which worries me a lot which embarrassed me a lot for which I felt grateful（或 which I was grateful for） 课后巩固设计 一、语法填空 1which非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句2that（可省略）先行词前有 all 修饰 3that先行词前有序数词 the first 4that先行词前有最高级 the tallest 5that先行词为不定代词 anything，且作主语不可省 6which介词＋which（in which） 7that（可省略）先行词既有人（doctors）又有物（hospitals） 二、长难句分析 1. （2025 全国 I 卷 A） 找谓语：races、faces、accounts for；画连词：as、which；去修饰：As the world races…（状语从句）、which accounts for…（定语从句）；主干：it faces particular problems with transportation.；先行词 transportation，关系词 which，作主语。翻译：当全世界竞相去碳化时，交通运输面临特殊问题 —— 它约占与能源相关的温室气体排放量的四分之一。 2. （2023 新高考 II 卷） 找谓语：focus on、are、value；画连词：that、who；去修饰：that focus on…、who value…（两个定语从句）；主干：Schools are more popular among parents.；定语从句①：先行词 Schools，关系词 that，作主语；定语从句②：先行词 parents，关系词 who，作主语。翻译：注重学生长期发展的学校，在重视素质教育的家长中更受欢迎。 3. （自编长难句） 找谓语：was conducted、suggests、could triple、is taken；画连词：which、that、if；去修饰：which was conducted…（定语从句）、that the amount…（宾语从句）、if no action…（条件状语从句）；主干：The research suggests that the amount of plastic waste in the ocean could triple over the next decade.；先行词 The research，关系词 which，作主语。翻译：这项由一组国际科学家开展的研究表明，如果不采取行动减少污染，未来十年海洋中的塑料垃圾量可能增至现在的三倍。 4. （自编长难句） 找谓语：encourage、are（more likely to develop…and demonstrate…）；画连词：whose、when；去修饰：whose parents encourage…（定语从句）、when facing…（时间状语）；主干：Teenagers are more likely to develop strong problem-solving skills and demonstrate greater confidence.；先行词 Teenagers，关系词 whose，在从句中作定语（修饰 parents）。翻译：那些父母从小就鼓励他们独立思考的青少年，更有可能培养出较强的问题解决能力，并在面对生活中的各种挑战时展现出更大的自信。 三、用定语从句合并句子 1.I respect the old craftsman who/that preserves traditional skills. 2.Take regular exercise, which can reduce pressure from study. 3.The speech will be held in the lecture hall, where we can learn about AI. 4.The book (which/that) I borrowed from the city library introduces the Silk Road. 四、翻译成定语从句 1.Kindness can be passed on from person to person, which makes the whole community warmer. 2.The activity lasted three hours, during which we communicated with each other. 3.We took part in the cultural exhibition, which greatly broadened our horizons. 4.Our school held a speech activity whose theme was “I Love English” last week. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $