Unit 1 Food for thought 情态动词（核心语法精练）英语外研版必修第二册

Unit 1 Food for thought 核心语法精练 （情态动词1） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 1 一、单项选择 2 二、完成句子 3 三、翻译 4 三、综合提升 5 一、语法填空（模考真题） 5 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 5 情态动词 含义・用法 例句 辨析 be able to 表能力。can 只有现在时 (can) 和过去时 (could)；be able to 可用于各种时态 When I was a child, I was able to eat very hot food, but now I can't. 我小时候能吃很辣的食物，现在不行了。 was able to 强调 “过去成功做到了”；could 只表 “过去有这种能力”，未必真做到。例：He could swim, but he didn't dare to jump. dare 表胆量“敢”。作情态动词时，后接动词原形，多用于否定句、疑问句 Dad dare not try the stinky tofu even now. 爸爸至今仍不敢尝臭豆腐。 Dare he eat raw fish? 他敢吃生鱼片吗？ 作情态动词：dare do /dare not do；作实义动词：dare to do（三单 dares） have to 表客观不得不、必须，强调受外部情况所迫，有人称、时态变化 Because of my allergy, I have to give up eating shrimp. 因为过敏，我不得不放弃吃虾。 She had to finish the soup before leaving. have to客观被迫（有人称 / 时态：has to /had to）；must主观认为必须，mustn't禁止。 had better (not) 表建议“最好（不要）做”，语气较强，后接动词原形，口语常缩为 'd better You'd better not eat too much roast duck, or you'll feel heavy. 你最好别吃太多烤鸭，不然会觉得腻 。 had better＝强烈建议、近乎 “得”；should＝较温和的 “应该”。两者都接动词原形。 needn't 表没必要“不必”，＝ don't have to，后接动词原形 “You needn't try the durian if you don't want to,” Mum said. “你不想尝榴莲的话，不必勉强。” needn't＝不必（没必要做）；mustn't＝禁止（绝不能做），语气完全不同，切勿混淆。 一、单项选择 1．—Must I finish the report today? —No, you _________. You can hand it in tomorrow. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 2．The volunteers ________ brave the elements to rescue the injured creatures after the earthquake. A．had to B．might C．could D．may 3．Many people ______ approach nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. A．can’t B．needn’t C．dare not D．had better not 4．Before seeing the movie, you ________ read the book first to have a better understanding of it. A．need B．had better C．must D．shall 5．When I was five, I ________ swim across the small river. A．was able to B．had better C．needn’t D．dare not 6．He ________ go out alone at night, because he is afraid of the dark. A．needn’t B．dare not C．has to D．is able to 7．You ________ take an umbrella. It is going to rain. A．needn’t B．dare not C．had better D．are able to 8．He ________ play the violin very well and often performs at school events. A．is able to B．had better C．has to D．dare 9．I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A．can’t B．dare not C．needn’t D．mustn’t 10．Jack’s father, who is British, has come to love hot pot! But there are still some dishes that he ________ not try even after many years of marriage to his Chinese mother. A．must B．will C．need D．dare 二、完成句子 11．It is not necessary for you to copy the whole text. (needn’t) (句子改写) ________________________________________________________ 12．________________ in a highly competitive market. 毕业生不得不在竞争激烈的市场上奋力争取找到工作。 13．他很害羞以至于不敢在公共场合大声说话。 He is so shy that he ________________ in public. 14．考虑到他的身体状况，我们最好不要让他去那里。 Given his health condition, we had better ________ him go there. 15．我们最好不要这么大声说话。 We’d better ____________________ so loudly. 16．你不需要现在完成，你有三天的时间。 You ________________now; you have three days’ time. 17．她不能来。她必须帮助她妈妈。 She can’t come. She ________________. 18．笼子里的老虎看起来太凶了以至于没人敢接近它。（get close to） The tiger in the cage looked so terrifying that _________________________________________. 19．_______________ of your study and relaxation. 你最好保持学习和放松的均衡。 20．—— 今晚我必须做出这道题？— _____ I work out the question tonight? —— 不必啦。—No, you _____. 三、翻译 21．你没有必要告诉她所发生的事情，她已经知道了。 22．有这么多作业要做，今天晚上我得熬夜了。 _________________________________________________________________ 23．但是，尽管已经和妈妈结婚多年，爸爸还是有些不敢尝试的菜肴。 _____________________________________________________________ 24．首先，我们最好有一个均衡的饮食，它可以由肉，蔬菜，水果，牛奶等组成。（定语从句） __________________________________________________________ 25．有一天，我们将能够利用人工智能来改善医疗诊断，辅助教师教学，协助科学家研究，优化交通流量，或者提高工厂效率。 ________________________________________________________________ 一、语法填空 （26-27高三上·云南昆明·阶段检测） A robot barista (咖啡师) crafts the coffee at the new cafe Yummy Future in downtown Palo Alto. The robot doesn’t have a face, just an arm 1 delivers cups between espresso (浓缩咖啡) machine, ice machine, syrup dispenser (糖浆机) and milk dispenser. It can complete drinks in as fast as 45 seconds 2 calculate the fastest steps to complete a rush of 3 (order), according to CEO Jack Cui. Cui doesn’t aim to put baristas out of work with his robot; in fact, he emphasizes the importance of the human touch. While the barista robot completes repetitive mechanical work 4 (efficient), human baristas can focus on other tasks, such as customer service. More attentive service creates a better customer experience and encourages customers 5 (frequent) the cafe more often. Cui, along with COO Garrett Yan, 6 (launch) the first Yummy Future robot in 2018 in Champaign, Illinois. Cui jokes that robotics is “torture (折磨),” but seeing people happy makes it worth it. He is working on 7 (expand) the drink menu and programming the robot to be able to take on more tasks. He envisions a future where the 8 (present) of a robot is common at all coffee shops, similar 9 the increase in automatic espresso machines. “We are really 10 (passion) about caring about customers and providing robots as a tool to actually change the way we make food or drink,” Cui said. 二、阅读理解 A （2026·湖南湘潭·一模）Zhang Hongjun once spent his days on noisy construction sites in Shanghai, far from his rural hometown in Fujian province. For over a decade, his life followed a common path: long hours of labor, low pay, and the loneliness of being a migrant worker in a vast city. He dreamed of a change but saw few opportunities back home. A visit became a turning point. Staying in his village, Zhang noticed something new. The roads were paved, internet access had reached the village and the local government was offering support to those willing to start businesses. The beautiful mountains and fresh air, once taken for granted, now seemed full of potential to him. An idea began to form: what if he could build a future here, not just make a living there? Using his savings and a small government allowance, Zhang took a daring step. He transformed his family’s old, empty house into a modern café, a place where city visitors could enjoy coffee while viewing the terraced fields (梯田). At first, neighbors were puzzled. “Who will come to the mountains for coffee?” they asked. Zhang persisted (坚持), learning about coffee beans and coffee-making skills online. Today, “Mountain Cloud Café” is more than a coffee shop. It’s a window for his village. Tourists come on weekends, and in his café they discover and buy local specialties like mountain tea and dried fruits. Zhang has hired two local women, providing them with steady income. More importantly, his success has sparked (引发) a conversation. A few other young people, who once thought leaving was the only option, are now asking, “Could I come back too?” “My dream isn’t huge,” Zhang says, looking at the lively scene outside. “I just want our home to prosper, so that our children love to stay here.” His journey paints a picture of modern rural China — one where returning wings bring new life. 11．Which of the following best describes Zhang’s early life as a migrant worker? A．Simple. B．Secure. C．Unsatisfying. D．Undisturbing. 12．Why did Zhang return and start his Café business? A．He failed in his job in Shanghai. B．He was in poor health in the city. C．He was invited by the local government. D．He found new changes and support in his village. 13．What can we learn about Mountain Cloud Café? A．It helps develop the village. B．It features special coffee beans. C．It is profitable and custom-made. D．It is popular from beginning to end. 14．What can be the most suitable title for the text? A．A New Trend of Village Tourism B．The Importance of Local Specialties C．From Migrant Worker to Café Owner D．Between the city and the village B （26-27高三上·云南玉溪·阶段检测）The Rubik’s Cube (魔方) was invented in 1974 by Erno Rubik. It rapidly became a popular puzzle worldwide. At first, people just wanted to solve the puzzle. But soon, one group of users had a new goal—to solve the cube as quickly as possible. These people are known as “speedcubers”. The fastest human speedcubers can solve a cube in about 3.05 seconds. In 2020, a group of students at MIT set a record with a robot that solved the cube in 0.380 seconds. That made an impression on Matthew Patrohay, who was in high school at the time. Now Mr. Patrohay is a student of Purdue University. He and three other students have built a robot that can solve a Rubik’s Cube far faster. Their “Purdubik’s Cube” robot can solve a cube in 0.103 seconds. The team built the robot as part of a senior project. The students met through a program that helps students get real-world work experience. They use cameras to rapidly detect the colors of each of the cube’s squares. The robot’s computer program uses special strategies to solve the puzzle quickly. And its motions are very precisely controlled. To work so quickly, the project uses a special cube that sits in the middle of the robot’s “arms”. These arms allow the robot to turn the sides of the cube. But at such high speeds, an ordinary cube will fall apart, so the students had to create a stronger cube that would hold together. Mr. Patrohay says the robot is so fast that “before you even realize it’s moving, we’ve solved it.” The students won a school design contest last December with Purdubik’s Cube, and they continued to improve the robot after that. Now they’re excited to have broken the world record. One of the students’ professors says he’s not surprised. “Take brilliant students, give them the tools and opportunities,” he says, “and they’ll blow your mind.” 15．What inspired Matthew Patrohay to build a faster robot? A．A high school science project. B．A robot record in solving the cube. C．His professor’s encouragement. D．His passion for Rubik’s Cube. 16．Why did the students have to design a stronger cube? A．To match the high speed. B．To fit the robot’s arms. C．To use it on a very frequent basis. D．To improve motion precision. 17．What does the professor feel about his students? A．Shocked and pleased. B．Regretful but understanding. C．Proud and satisfied. D．Optimistic but doubtful. 18．What can be the best title of this text? A．MIT Students and Their Fast Robot B．New Record for Robot Cube Solving C．A Robot That Solves a Cube Instantly D．The Fascinating History of the Rubik’s Cube 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Food for thought 核心语法精练 （情态动词1） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、单项选择 2 二、完成句子 5 三、翻译 6 三、综合提升 8 一、语法填空（模考真题） 8 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 10 情态动词 含义・用法 例句 辨析 be able to 表能力。can 只有现在时 (can) 和过去时 (could)；be able to 可用于各种时态 When I was a child, I was able to eat very hot food, but now I can't. 我小时候能吃很辣的食物，现在不行了。 was able to 强调 “过去成功做到了”；could 只表 “过去有这种能力”，未必真做到。例：He could swim, but he didn't dare to jump. dare 表胆量“敢”。作情态动词时，后接动词原形，多用于否定句、疑问句 Dad dare not try the stinky tofu even now. 爸爸至今仍不敢尝臭豆腐。 Dare he eat raw fish? 他敢吃生鱼片吗？ 作情态动词：dare do /dare not do；作实义动词：dare to do（三单 dares） have to 表客观不得不、必须，强调受外部情况所迫，有人称、时态变化 Because of my allergy, I have to give up eating shrimp. 因为过敏，我不得不放弃吃虾。 She had to finish the soup before leaving. have to客观被迫（有人称 / 时态：has to /had to）；must主观认为必须，mustn't禁止。 had better (not) 表建议“最好（不要）做”，语气较强，后接动词原形，口语常缩为 'd better You'd better not eat too much roast duck, or you'll feel heavy. 你最好别吃太多烤鸭，不然会觉得腻 。 had better＝强烈建议、近乎 “得”；should＝较温和的 “应该”。两者都接动词原形。 needn't 表没必要“不必”，＝ don't have to，后接动词原形 “You needn't try the durian if you don't want to,” Mum said. “你不想尝榴莲的话，不必勉强。” needn't＝不必（没必要做）；mustn't＝禁止（绝不能做），语气完全不同，切勿混淆。 一、单项选择 1．—Must I finish the report today? —No, you _________. You can hand it in tomorrow. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 考查情态动词。句意：——我必须今天完成这份报告吗？——不，你不必。你可以明天交。以Must I...?开头的问句，否定回答要用needn’t，表示“不必”。故选C。 2．The volunteers ________ brave the elements to rescue the injured creatures after the earthquake. A．had to B．might C．could D．may 【答案】A 考查情态动词辨析。句意：地震发生后，志愿者们冒着恶劣天气条件，去营救那些受伤的动物。A. had to客观条件下的不得不；B. might可能；或许；C. could能够，或过去的可能性，侧重能力而非客观迫使的情况；D. may可能；或许。强调因地震后的紧急状况，志愿者们迫不得已冒着恶劣天气开展救援，用have to。故选A。 3．Many people ______ approach nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. A．can’t B．needn’t C．dare not D．had better not 【答案】C 考查情态动词。句意：很多人不敢再接近大自然，对他们来说，他们生来就享受的世界充满了威胁。A. can’t不能；B. needn’t不需要；C. dare not不敢；D. had better not最好不。根据句意可知，对很多人来说世界充满了威胁，所以他们不敢再接近大自然。故选C。 4．Before seeing the movie, you ________ read the book first to have a better understanding of it. A．need B．had better C．must D．shall 【答案】B 考查情态动词辨析。句意：在看这部电影之前，你最好先读一下这本书，以便更好地理解它。A. need需要；B. had better 最好（表建议）；C. must必须（表义务或命令）；D. shall用于第二、三人称时，表警告、命令等。结合 “to have a better understanding of it” 可知，此处是委婉建议先读书，had better符合语境。故选B。 5．When I was five, I ________ swim across the small river. A．was able to B．had better C．needn’t D．dare not 【答案】A 句意：当我五岁的时候，我能够游过这条小河。A. was able to能够；B. had better最好；C. needn’t不必；D. dare not不敢。根据时间状语“When I was five”以及后文“swim across the small river”可知，此处表达过去具备做某事的能力。 6．He ________ go out alone at night, because he is afraid of the dark. A．needn’t B．dare not C．has to D．is able to 【答案】B 句意：他晚上不敢独自出去，因为他怕黑。A. needn’t不需要；B. dare not不敢；C. has to必须，不得不；D. is able to能够。根据“because he is afraid of the dark”可知，因为他怕黑，不敢在晚上独自外出。 7．You ________ take an umbrella. It is going to rain. A．needn’t B．dare not C．had better D．are able to 【答案】C 句意：你最好带把伞。天要下雨了。A. needn’t不需要；B. dare not不敢；C. had better最好；D. are able to能够。用于提出建议，意为“最好做某事”为had better do sth.。 8．He ________ play the violin very well and often performs at school events. A．is able to B．had better C．has to D．dare 【答案】A 句意：他小提琴拉得很好，经常在学校活动中表演。A. is able to能够；B. had better最好；C. has to必须，不得不；D. dare敢。根据play the violin very well可知，此处表达他具备拉小提琴的能力。用be able to。 9．I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A．can’t B．dare not C．needn’t D．mustn’t 【答案】C 考查情态动词辨析。句意：我已经点了一些披萨，所以我们回家累了就不用担心做饭了。A. can’t不能；B. dare not不敢；C. needn’t不必；D. mustn’t禁止。根据“I’ve ordered some pizza”可知，点了披萨后，不再需要做饭，表示“不必”担心做饭。故选C。 10．Jack’s father, who is British, has come to love hot pot! But there are still some dishes that he ________ not try even after many years of marriage to his Chinese mother. A．must B．will C．need D．dare 【答案】D 考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：杰克的父亲是英国人，他已经爱上了火锅！但是，即使与杰克的中国母亲结婚多年，仍有一些菜肴他不敢尝试。A. must必须；B. will要，将；C. need需要；D. dare敢。根据表示转折的“But”和“not try”可推知，情态动词dare“敢”符合题意，表示虽然杰克的父亲已经爱上火锅，但仍有一些菜肴不敢尝试。故选D。 二、完成句子 11．It is not necessary for you to copy the whole text. (needn’t) (句子改写) ________________________________________________________ 【答案】You needn’t copy the whole text. 句意：你不需要复制整段文字。此处句型It is not necessary for sb. to do sth.可用needn’t替换，主语为you，后跟copy the whole text。 12．________________ in a highly competitive market. 毕业生不得不在竞争激烈的市场上奋力争取找到工作。 【答案】Graduates have to fight for jobs 根据句意，空格处表示“毕业生不得不奋力争取找到工作”，表示“毕业生”为graduates作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“不得不”为have to，此处描述客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时，主语为复数，所以使用动词原形have；表示“奋力争取”为固定搭配fight for，位于不定式符号to后，使用动词原形；表示“工作”为jobs作介词for的宾语。 13．他很害羞以至于不敢在公共场合大声说话。 He is so shy that he ________________ in public. 【答案】daren’t speak loudly 通过对比可知，空格处表达“不敢大声说话”，“不敢做某事”是daren’t do sth.，daren’t是情态动词，后跟动词原形，“大声说话”是speak loudly。 14．考虑到他的身体状况，我们最好不要让他去那里。 Given his health condition, we had better ________ him go there. 【答案】not let 表示“让某人做某事”可用 let sb do sth，had better后接动词原形，否定形式为had better not do。 15．我们最好不要这么大声说话。 We’d better ____________________ so loudly. 【答案】not talk 根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为固定句型：had better (not) do sth.是常用表达，意为 “最好（不）做某事”；had better后必须接动词原形，否定形式直接在动词原形前加not。句中We’d better是We had better的缩写。表示“说话”为动词talk。 16．你不需要现在完成，你有三天的时间。 You ________________now; you have three days’ time. 【答案】needn’t finish it/don’t need to finish it 表示“不需要”可用needn’t do（此时need为情态动词）或don’t need to do（此时need为实义动词）；表示“完成”用finish it。 17．她不能来。她必须帮助她妈妈。 She can’t come. She ________________. 【答案】has to help her mum 考查情态动词与动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处需表达“必须帮助她妈妈”；“必须”用情态动词短语have to，后接动词原形，主语为第三人称She，have变成has；“帮助她妈妈”用动词短语help her mum。故填has to help her mum。 18．笼子里的老虎看起来太凶了以至于没人敢接近它。（get close to） The tiger in the cage looked so terrifying that _________________________________________. 【答案】no one dared（to）get close to it 考查动词短语。get close to意为“靠近，接近”；dare可作实义动词也可以为情态动词，故“敢做某事”为dare to do sth./dare do sth.。故填no one dared（to）get close to it。 19．_______________ of your study and relaxation. 你最好保持学习和放松的均衡。 【答案】You’ d better keep balance 考查情态动词和固定短语。“你”作主语译为“you”，句首首字母大写，“最好”表达为情态动词had better，后跟动词原形，“保持……的均衡”用固定短语keep balance of，故填You’ d better keep balance。 20．—— 今晚我必须做出这道题？— _____ I work out the question tonight? —— 不必啦。—No, you _____. 【答案】 Must needn’t 考查情态动词。第一个空用情态动词must，表示“必须”，位于句首，首字母大写。第二个空应该填needn’t，表示“不需要，不必须”，对must开头的疑问句进行否定的回答。故答案为：①Must；②needn’t。 三、翻译 21．你没有必要告诉她所发生的事情，她已经知道了。 【答案】You needn’t/don’t have to tell her what has happened. She has already known it. 考查情态动词、动词和从句。表示“没必要做某事”应用needn’t/don’t have to do；表示“告诉她发生的事”应该用tell her what has happened；表示“已经知道”用have/has konwn。故翻译为You needn’t/don’t have to tell her what has happened. She has already known it. 22．有这么多作业要做，今天晚上我得熬夜了。 _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With so much homework to do, I have to stay up late tonight. 考查with复合结构、情态动词和动词短语。“有这么多作业要做”作原因状语，可处理为with复合结构“with so much homework to do”，其中不定式短语to do作宾语补足语，表示要去做的事情；“今天晚上我得熬夜了”是句子主干，主语“我”用人称代词I，“得”理解为客观上的必须，用情态动词have to表示；“熬夜”用动词短语stay up late，时间状语“今天晚上”用tonight。综上，全句译为：With so much homework to do, I have to stay up late tonight. 23．但是，尽管已经和妈妈结婚多年，爸爸还是有些不敢尝试的菜肴。 _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. 考查情态动词，there be句型和定语从句。“但是”为but，首字母大写。表示“仍然有一些菜肴”为there are still some dishes。“不敢尝试”用dare not try表达 ，dare为情态动词，后加not进行否定，后跟动词原形。that Dad dare not try是定语从句，修饰先行词dishes，“尽管已经和妈妈结婚多年”为even after many years of marriage to my mother。故翻译为But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. 24．首先，我们最好有一个均衡的饮食，它可以由肉，蔬菜，水果，牛奶等组成。（定语从句） __________________________________________________________ 【答案】First, we had better have a balanced diet, which can be made up of meat, vegetables, fruit, milk, etc. 考查情态动词、定语从句、动词语态、固定短语。表示“首先”用first，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“我们”用we，作主语。表示“最好做某事”用had better do sth.。表示“有一个均衡的饮食”用have a balanced diet，位于had better后，用动词原形。表示“它可以由肉，蔬菜，水果，牛奶等组成”用定语从句，定语从句中：先行词是a balanced diet，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导；表示“可以”用can；表示“由……组成”用be made up of，位于情态动词can后，be用原形；表示“蔬菜，水果，牛奶等”用meat, vegetables, fruit, milk, etc，作can be made up of的宾语。故翻译为First, we had better have a balanced diet, which can be made up of meat, vegetables, fruit, milk, etc. 25．有一天，我们将能够利用人工智能来改善医疗诊断，辅助教师教学，协助科学家研究，优化交通流量，或者提高工厂效率。 ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One day we will be able to use artificial intelligence to improve medical diagnosis, to assist teachers in teaching, to help scientists with research, to optimize traffic flow or to increase factory efficiency. 表示“有一天”译为one day，为一般将来时；主语为we；表示“能够”译为be able to do sth.；表示“利用人工智能”译为use artificial intelligence to do sth.；表示“改善医疗诊断”译为improve medical diagnosis；表示“辅助教师教学”译为to assist teachers in teaching；表示“协助科学家研究”译为to help scientists with research；表示“优化交通流量”译为to optimize traffic flow；表示“或者”用or；表示“提高工厂效率”译为to increase factory efficiency。 一、语法填空 （26-27高三上·云南昆明·阶段检测） A robot barista (咖啡师) crafts the coffee at the new cafe Yummy Future in downtown Palo Alto. The robot doesn’t have a face, just an arm 1 delivers cups between espresso (浓缩咖啡) machine, ice machine, syrup dispenser (糖浆机) and milk dispenser. It can complete drinks in as fast as 45 seconds 2 calculate the fastest steps to complete a rush of 3 (order), according to CEO Jack Cui. Cui doesn’t aim to put baristas out of work with his robot; in fact, he emphasizes the importance of the human touch. While the barista robot completes repetitive mechanical work 4 (efficient), human baristas can focus on other tasks, such as customer service. More attentive service creates a better customer experience and encourages customers 5 (frequent) the cafe more often. Cui, along with COO Garrett Yan, 6 (launch) the first Yummy Future robot in 2018 in Champaign, Illinois. Cui jokes that robotics is “torture (折磨),” but seeing people happy makes it worth it. He is working on 7 (expand) the drink menu and programming the robot to be able to take on more tasks. He envisions a future where the 8 (present) of a robot is common at all coffee shops, similar 9 the increase in automatic espresso machines. “We are really 10 (passion) about caring about customers and providing robots as a tool to actually change the way we make food or drink,” Cui said. 【答案】 1．that/which 2．and 3．orders 4．efficiently 5．to frequent 6．launched 7．expanding 8．presence 9．to 10．passionate 【导语】Yummy Future咖啡馆使用机器人咖啡师快速制作咖啡。开发者无意取代人类咖啡师，机器人负责机械工作，人类专注服务，开发者希望未来咖啡店普遍配备机器人。 1．考查定语从句。句意：这个机器人没有脸，只有一条手臂，负责在浓缩咖啡机、制冰机、糖浆机和奶浆机之间递送杯子。此处为定语从句，先行词是an arm，指物，从句缺少主语，用关系代词that/which引导。 2．考查并列连词。句意：据首席执行官崔杰克介绍，它最快能在45秒内做好饮品，还能计算出完成一批订单的最快步骤。前后“最快45秒完成饮品”和“计算最快步骤”是并列谓语，用并列连词and连接。 3．考查名词复数。句意：据首席执行官崔杰克介绍，它最快能在45秒内做好饮品，还能计算出完成一批订单的最快步骤。a rush of后接可数名词复数，order作“订单”讲时为可数名词。 4．考查副词。句意：当咖啡师机器人高效地完成重复性的机械工作时，人类咖啡师可以专注于客户服务等其他任务。此处修饰动词completes，需要用副词形式，故将形容词efficient变为副词efficiently。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：更贴心的服务能打造更好的消费体验，鼓励顾客更频繁地光顾这家咖啡馆。固定搭配encourage sb to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”。 6．考查动词时态。句意：崔首席执行官和首席运营官加勒特·严于2018年在伊利诺伊州的尚佩恩推出了第一台“美味未来”机器人。根据时间状语in 2018可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：他正致力于扩充饮品菜单，并给机器人编程，让它能够承担更多任务。固定搭配work on doing sth. 意为“致力于做某事”，介词on后接动名词。 8．考查名词。句意：他设想了一个未来：所有咖啡馆里机器人的身影都随处可见，就像自动浓缩咖啡机越来越普及一样。定冠词the后接名词作从句主语，故将形容词present变为名词presence。 9．考查介词。句意：他设想了一个未来：所有咖啡馆里机器人的身影都随处可见，就像自动浓缩咖啡机越来越普及一样。固定搭配similar to意为“与……相似”。 10．考查形容词。句意：崔说：“我们真心实意地关注顾客，把机器人作为一种工具，真正改变制作食物或饮品的方式。”固定搭配be passionate about意为“对……充满热情”，be动词后接形容词作表语。 二、阅读理解 A （2026·湖南湘潭·一模）Zhang Hongjun once spent his days on noisy construction sites in Shanghai, far from his rural hometown in Fujian province. For over a decade, his life followed a common path: long hours of labor, low pay, and the loneliness of being a migrant worker in a vast city. He dreamed of a change but saw few opportunities back home. A visit became a turning point. Staying in his village, Zhang noticed something new. The roads were paved, internet access had reached the village and the local government was offering support to those willing to start businesses. The beautiful mountains and fresh air, once taken for granted, now seemed full of potential to him. An idea began to form: what if he could build a future here, not just make a living there? Using his savings and a small government allowance, Zhang took a daring step. He transformed his family’s old, empty house into a modern café, a place where city visitors could enjoy coffee while viewing the terraced fields (梯田). At first, neighbors were puzzled. “Who will come to the mountains for coffee?” they asked. Zhang persisted (坚持), learning about coffee beans and coffee-making skills online. Today, “Mountain Cloud Café” is more than a coffee shop. It’s a window for his village. Tourists come on weekends, and in his café they discover and buy local specialties like mountain tea and dried fruits. Zhang has hired two local women, providing them with steady income. More importantly, his success has sparked (引发) a conversation. A few other young people, who once thought leaving was the only option, are now asking, “Could I come back too?” “My dream isn’t huge,” Zhang says, looking at the lively scene outside. “I just want our home to prosper, so that our children love to stay here.” His journey paints a picture of modern rural China — one where returning wings bring new life. 11．Which of the following best describes Zhang’s early life as a migrant worker? A．Simple. B．Secure. C．Unsatisfying. D．Undisturbing. 12．Why did Zhang return and start his Café business? A．He failed in his job in Shanghai. B．He was in poor health in the city. C．He was invited by the local government. D．He found new changes and support in his village. 13．What can we learn about Mountain Cloud Café? A．It helps develop the village. B．It features special coffee beans. C．It is profitable and custom-made. D．It is popular from beginning to end. 14．What can be the most suitable title for the text? A．A New Trend of Village Tourism B．The Importance of Local Specialties C．From Migrant Worker to Café Owner D．Between the city and the village 【答案】11．C 12．D 13．A 14．C 【导语】文章讲述张宏军从上海务工的农民工回乡开办山间咖啡馆，带动乡村发展的完整故事。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段“For over a decade, his life followed a common path: long hours of labor, low pay, and the loneliness of being a migrant worker in a vast city.(十多年来，他的人生走的是一条（外来务工群体）常见的道路：长时间的劳作、微薄的收入，以及在一座大城市里作为外来务工人员所经历的孤独)”可知，张宏军作为农民工的生活漫长、收入低、孤独，这体现的是“令人不满意”。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The roads were paved, internet access had reached the village and the local government was offering support to those willing to start businesses. The beautiful mountains and fresh air, once taken for granted, now seemed full of potential to him.(道路已铺设完毕，互联网也已覆盖到村庄，当地政府还为有意创业的人提供支持。那些曾经习以为常的美丽山景和清新空气，如今在他眼中充满了无限潜力)”可知，他回乡发现“道路铺好、网络覆盖、政府支持创业”等新变化，从而萌生开咖啡馆的想法。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“It’s a window for his village. Tourists come on weekends, and in his café they discover and buy local specialties like mountain tea and dried fruits. Zhang has hired two local women, providing them with steady income.(这是他村庄的一扇窗口。周末游客纷至沓来，在他的咖啡馆里发现并购买当地特产，如山茶和干果。张雇佣了两名本地女性，为她们提供了稳定的收入)”可知，咖啡馆成为“村庄的窗口”，带动旅游、销售土特产、雇佣当地妇女，并引发年轻人回乡思考，这些都体现了“帮助村庄发展”。 14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段““My dream isn’t huge,” Zhang says, looking at the lively scene outside. “I just want our home to prosper, so that our children love to stay here.” His journey paints a picture of modern rural China — one where returning wings bring new life.(“我的梦想并不宏大，”张看着外面热闹的景象说道，“我只是希望我们的家兴旺起来，让我们的孩子愿意留在这里。”他的经历描绘出一幅现代中国农村的图景——一个归来的翅膀带来新生的地方)”以及全文围绕张宏军从农民工转变为咖啡馆老板的经历展开，并突出这一转变对乡村的积极影响。C项（从农民工到咖啡馆老板）最符合文章标题。 B （26-27高三上·云南玉溪·阶段检测）The Rubik’s Cube (魔方) was invented in 1974 by Erno Rubik. It rapidly became a popular puzzle worldwide. At first, people just wanted to solve the puzzle. But soon, one group of users had a new goal—to solve the cube as quickly as possible. These people are known as “speedcubers”. The fastest human speedcubers can solve a cube in about 3.05 seconds. In 2020, a group of students at MIT set a record with a robot that solved the cube in 0.380 seconds. That made an impression on Matthew Patrohay, who was in high school at the time. Now Mr. Patrohay is a student of Purdue University. He and three other students have built a robot that can solve a Rubik’s Cube far faster. Their “Purdubik’s Cube” robot can solve a cube in 0.103 seconds. The team built the robot as part of a senior project. The students met through a program that helps students get real-world work experience. They use cameras to rapidly detect the colors of each of the cube’s squares. The robot’s computer program uses special strategies to solve the puzzle quickly. And its motions are very precisely controlled. To work so quickly, the project uses a special cube that sits in the middle of the robot’s “arms”. These arms allow the robot to turn the sides of the cube. But at such high speeds, an ordinary cube will fall apart, so the students had to create a stronger cube that would hold together. Mr. Patrohay says the robot is so fast that “before you even realize it’s moving, we’ve solved it.” The students won a school design contest last December with Purdubik’s Cube, and they continued to improve the robot after that. Now they’re excited to have broken the world record. One of the students’ professors says he’s not surprised. “Take brilliant students, give them the tools and opportunities,” he says, “and they’ll blow your mind.” 15．What inspired Matthew Patrohay to build a faster robot? A．A high school science project. B．A robot record in solving the cube. C．His professor’s encouragement. D．His passion for Rubik’s Cube. 16．Why did the students have to design a stronger cube? A．To match the high speed. B．To fit the robot’s arms. C．To use it on a very frequent basis. D．To improve motion precision. 17．What does the professor feel about his students? A．Shocked and pleased. B．Regretful but understanding. C．Proud and satisfied. D．Optimistic but doubtful. 18．What can be the best title of this text? A．MIT Students and Their Fast Robot B．New Record for Robot Cube Solving C．A Robot That Solves a Cube Instantly D．The Fascinating History of the Rubik’s Cube 【答案】15．B 16．A 17．C 18．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了普渡大学的几名学生打造的机器人，以0.103秒的成绩打破了机器人复原魔方的世界纪录，同时说明了该机器人的相关设计细节与研发背景。 15．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In 2020, a group of students at MIT set a record with a robot that solved the cube in 0.380 seconds. That made an impression on Matthew Patrohay, who was in high school at the time. (2020年，麻省理工学院的一群学生用一台在0.380秒内复原魔方的机器人创下了纪录，这给当时还在上高中的马修・帕特罗海留下了深刻印象。)”可知，是麻省理工学院创下的机器人复原魔方的纪录启发了马修・帕特罗海去打造更快的机器人。 16．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But at such high speeds, an ordinary cube will fall apart, so the students had to create a stronger cube that would hold together. (但在如此高的速度下，普通魔方会散架，所以学生们必须制作出更坚固、不会散开的魔方。)”可知，学生们设计更坚固的魔方是为了适配机器人的高速运转，避免魔方散架。 17．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“One of the students’ professors says he’s not surprised. “Take brilliant students, give them the tools and opportunities,” he says, “And they’ll blow your mind.” (其中一名学生的教授表示他对此并不意外，他说“优秀的学生，只要给他们工具和机会，他们就会给你带来惊喜。”)”可推知，教授对自己的学生感到骄傲且满意。 18．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Now Mr. Patrohay is a student of Purdue University. He and three other students have built a robot that can solve a Rubik’s Cube far faster. Their “Purdubik’s Cube” robot can solve a cube in 0.103 seconds. (如今帕特罗海先生是普渡大学的学生。他和另外三名同学造出了一台速度快得多的魔方复原机器人。他们的“普渡魔方”机器人复原魔方仅需0.103秒。)”并通读全文可知，文章核心内容是普渡大学的学生团队打造出的机器人创下了机器人复原魔方的全新世界纪录，B选项“New Record for Robot Cube Solving (机器人复原魔方的新纪录)”最能概括全文核心内容，适合作为标题。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $