Unit 1 Food for thought 情态动词(I)(单元核心语法精练)英语外研版2019必修第二册

2025-10-30
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语外研版必修第二册
年级 高一
章节 Unit 1 Food for Thought
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 情态动词
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
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发布时间 2025-10-30
更新时间 2025-08-12
作者 2020SKY
品牌系列 上好课·上好课
审核时间 2025-07-01
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Unit 1 Food for thought 核心语法精练 (情态动词have to/be able to/had better/need/dare的用法) 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、选词填空 8 三、完成句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 单句语法填空 13 题型二 语篇语法填空 14 一、情态动词概略 情态动词(Modal verbs)是一类本身具有一定词义,表示说话人对某一动作或状态的看法、态度或主观设想的动词。其特点如下: 不能独立作谓语:情态动词必须和动词原形一起构成谓语,例如:I can play basketball. (can 是情态动词,play 是动词原形,共同构成谓语部分) 有一定词义但不完整:像 can 表示 “能、会”,must 表示 “必须” 等,但它们需要与动词原形搭配才能完整表达句子含义,如:You must wear a seatbelt in the car. (must 单独无法完整表意,加上 wear a seatbelt 才完整) 无人称和数的变化:无论主语是第一人称(I/we)、第二人称(you)还是第三人称(he/she/it/they),情态动词形式不变。如:He can swim. / They can swim. (can 形式未因主语不同而改变) 二、have to的用法 ①表示客观必要性:强调由于外部环境、规定、事实等客观因素,某人 “不得不,必须” 做某事。例如:I have to get up early every day because I live far from school. (因为住得离学校远这个客观事实,所以不得不早起);We have to follow the traffic rules. (交通规则是客观规定,我们必须遵守) ②时态变化:have to 可用于多种时态。一般现在时用 have to/has to(第三人称单数用 has to);一般过去时用 had to;一般将来时用 will have to 等。例如:He has to finish his homework before he watches TV. (一般现在时);She had to walk home yesterday because there was no bus. (一般过去时);They will have to work hard to pass the exam. (一般将来时) ③否定句和疑问句:构成否定句和疑问句时,借助助动词 do/does/did。 否定句:You don't have to come if you are busy. (你不必来如果你很忙) 疑问句:Do you have to leave so soon? (你必须这么快就离开吗?) 三、be able to的用法 ①表示能力:强调通过努力而获得的能力,可用于各种时态。例如: She is able to solve the math problem after thinking hard. (经过努力思考,她能解出这道数学题) He was able to run faster than others in the race last week. (上周比赛中他能比其他人跑得更快,一般过去时) We will be able to travel to the moon in the future. (将来我们将能去月球旅行,一般将来时) ②与 can 的区别:can 只有一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)两种时态形式,而 be able to 时态形式更丰富;在表示过去特定场合下成功做成某事时,常用 was/were able to,不用 could。例如: The fire spread quickly, but they were able to escape just in time. (火灾迅速蔓延,但他们及时成功逃脱了,强调过去特定情况下成功做到) 四、had better的用法 ①基本用法:意为 “最好”,后接动词原形,表示建议或劝告,通常用来指现在或将来的情况。had 可缩写为 'd 。例如: You'd better wear warm clothes. It's cold outside. (你最好穿上暖和的衣服,外面冷) We had better start now, or we'll be late. (我们最好现在就出发,否则会迟到) ②否定形式:在 had better 后直接加 not,即 had better not do sth. 例如: You had better not eat too much junk food. (你最好不要吃太多垃圾食品) ③特点:had better 用于提出建议时,语气并不十分委婉,暗示对方有义务去做某事,常用于长辈对晚辈、上级对下级等。例如: The teacher said to the students, “You had better finish your homework on time.” (老师对学生说 “你们最好按时完成作业”) 五、need的用法 ①作情态动词:常用于否定句和疑问句中,后接动词原形。在疑问句中,need 意为 “需要”;在否定句中,needn't 表示 “不必”。例如: Need I come early tomorrow? (我明天需要早来吗?) You needn't worry about it. (你不必为此担心) ②作实义动词:有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词不定式(to do)或动名词(doing)作宾语。接动名词作宾语时,主动形式表被动意义。例如: He needs to study hard. (他需要努力学习,need 为实义动词,有人称变化) The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. (自行车需要修理,主动表被动) 六、dare的用法 ①作情态动词:常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中,后接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。过去式为 dared。例如: Dare he jump into the river? (他敢跳进河里吗?) She dare not go out alone at night. (她晚上不敢独自出去) ②作实义动词:有各种时态变化,后接带 to 的不定式(to do),在否定句和疑问句中,to 可以省略。例如: He doesn't dare (to) tell his father the truth. (他不敢告诉他父亲真相) Do you dare to challenge him? (你敢挑战他吗?) 一、单项选择 1.—Can you come to have dinner with me this evening? —I’m afraid not. I_________ take care of my grandmother. She is ill. A.can’t B.have to C.may D.could 2.You ________ take me to the station. My brother will take me to. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.don’t have to 3.—Could you give me a ride to the airport? I’m going to be late. — Come with me. I’ll take the nearest route and you ______ be in time for your flight. A.shall B.need C.dare D.have to 4.It’s too late. I __________ go home now. A.be able to B.have to C.had better D.dare 5.Next time, read the small print in the document before you sign it. You ________ make the same mistake again. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.don’t have to D.wouldn’t 6.—Must I finish the paper today? — No, you _________. A.must B.need C.couldn’t D.don’t have to 7.—Must I finish the paper today? —No, you _________. You can hand it in next week. A.needn’t B.can C.have to D.mustn’t 8.He is extremely tired these days, and he has  ________ his task in time. A.finished B.finishing C.to finishing D.to finish 9.—Mum, may I go to the concert with Tom tonight? —No, you ________. Because it will be rainy. A.needn’t B.don’t have to C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t 10.—Is it good to look up every new word when I come across it in reading? —No. You ________, because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.don’t have to D.ought not to 11.I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A.can’t B.dare not C.needn’t D.mustn’t 12.You ______ bring extra clothes because the trip is only for a short weekend. A.mustn’t B.may not C.needn’t D.dare not 13.— __________ you work at such a late hour? You are killing me with that noise. — How __________ you talk to me like this! A.Must; dare B.Should; dare C.Should; can D.Will; can 14.I know he was wrong, but I ________ tell him because he never listens. A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.oughtn’t 15.Look, double yellow lines! You park here. A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.daren’t 16.—The test is very important to us. Do you think so? —Yes, so we ________ be too careful during the test. A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t 17.Jack’s father, who is British, has come to love hot pot! But there are still some dishes that he ________ not try even after many years of marriage to his Chinese mother. A.must B.will C.need D.dare 18.__________ you let out the news to the public? A.Be able to B.Have to C.Had better D.Dare 19.My room is in a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight. I have determined to do a thorough cleaning tomorrow morning. A.daren’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 20.Dad has come to love hot pot! But there are still some dishes that he ________ not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. A.need B.should C.dare D.had better 21.When he was there, he ________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A.would B.should C.had better D.might as well 22.We ________eat too much salty food as it is harmful to our body. A.would B.need C.might not D.had better not 23.In my opinion, you________leave him alone for the time being to allow him to calm down. A.are able to B.have to C.had better D.dare to 24.We ______ eat too much roast food as it may do harm to our health. A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.had better not D.might not 25.Now if you'll excuse me, I ________be on my way. A.ought to B.ought C.should to D.had better to 26.When he was there, he _______ go to that tea house at the corner when he was free everyday. A.had better B.might C.would D.should 27.--- _____ I go out to play now, Mum? ---No, you _____. You should do your homework first. A.May; had better not B.Must; wouldn’t C.May; needn’t D.Must; mustn’t 28.You’d better ______ it as soon as possible. We have a lot of work to do. A.finished B.finish C.to finish D.finishes 29.—Mom, during your business trip, must I water the flowers every day? —No, you ______. You can water it once a week. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.couldn’t 30.—Excuse me, Miss Green. Must I hand in my homework tomorrow? —No, you ______ . You can give it to me next Monday. A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t 31.Mr. Green _________ be at home now. He went abroad on vacation last Friday. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 32.My iPad______ start this morning. There must have been something wrong with it. A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t 33.—Sorry, Tony. I’m too busy to attend the meeting this Saturday. —Well, you ________ attend it if you truly can’t spare the time. A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t 34.You ______ come to the meeting if you're too busy. A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.shouldn't 35.You ______ have brought your laptop. We have computers here. A.needn't B.must C.can D.should 36.You ______ worry about the test. It's not that difficult. A.needn't B.must C.can't D.should 37.______ you disturb me now? I’m busy preparing a report. A.Need B.Should C.Might D.Must 38.Everybody can make mistakes in life, so in my opinion, you ______ be sad about this. A.wouldn’t B.aren’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 39.—Should I tell her the good news? —No, you ________. She has known it already. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.can’t 40.I’ve prepared the food for the picnic and you ________ bring anything to eat. A.needn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.daren’t 41.Stand over there ______ you’ll be able to see it better. A.or B.while C.but D.and 42.— Will you be able to come and help us clean the room? — ________, but I’m doing my homework. A.I’d love to B.I hope not C.I do care D.I’m afraid not 43.He apologized for ________. A.his being not able to come B.his not being able to come C.him being not able to come D.himself not being able to come 44.1 study Italian ________ I would be able to read Dante in the original. A.so that B.even though C.in case D.as if 45.He has been dreaming of ______ Peking University since he was a little boy. A.being likely to B.being able to C.being eager to D.being admitted to 二、选词填空 be able to, have to, had better, dare, need(包含其否定形式) 46.Afraid of water, I wonder if I jump into the pool and swim. 47.I don’t want to attend the meeting, but I , because it’s required by the director. 48.He be sent to hospital, as he’s seriously ill. 49.You not come to the meeting if you’re too busy. 50.You worry before you go to the new school, for your classmates there will be very friendly. 51.You go to school without breakfast for it’s bad for your health. 52.We take any food to the party as Sue will get everything ready. 三、完成句子 53.—— 今晚我必须做出这道题?— I work out the question tonight? —— 不必啦。—No, you . 54.你不必现在就回答我的问题。 You answer my question now. 55.——他需要留在这儿吗? ——不,他不必留在这儿。 — here? — No, he needn't. 56.经历了种种磨难,他还那么乐观,令人惊叹。 He’s amazingly cheerful considering all he’s had to . 57.作为高中生,我不得不更努力地学习。 I will as a senior high school student. 58.你为什么不早点出发?这样就不用急匆匆的了。 Why don’t you start out early ? 59.就在那一刻,我明白了,我得做出选择。 I knew at that moment . 60.为了达到理解的目的,读者还需要不断地做出推论,激活新的图式。 In order to comprehend the text, readers has to and have new schemata activated. 61.下课后我不得不向老师和同学们寻求帮助。 I have to after class. 62.汤姆身体不适,因此我们只好把他留下。   Tom wasn’t feeling well, so we had to him . 63.我知道你不敢独自一人去冬泳。 I understand you alone. 64.他很强壮,我不敢和他打。 He is so strong that I fight against him. 65.我在爬树时摔了下来,胳膊受了伤。我不敢再试了。 When climbing the tree I fell down and got my arm hurt. . (dare) 66.你怎么敢说我是贼呢? I am a thief? 67.为了更有效地学习,你最好在线上学习和线下学习之间保持平衡。 To study more efficiently, . 68.你最好别管我,因为我正忙着给父母写信。 You’d better me , for I’m busy writing a letter to my parents. 69.我们最好多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果, 而不是垃圾食品。 instead of eating too much junk food. 70.他最好做一些研究。 He do some research. 71.最好不要和山姆闲逛。 with Sam then. 72.我很抱歉不能参加你的生日会,因为我有一件重要的事要处理。 I'm sorry for not being able to attend your birthday party, for I . 参考答案 一、 1.B 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:——今晚你能来和我一起吃晚饭吗?——恐怕不行。我必须在家照顾我的妈妈。她生病了。A. can’t不能;B. have不得不,必须;C. may可能;D. could可以。根据“She is ill”可知,妈妈生病了,故此处指必须照顾她,故选B。 2.D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:你不必送我去车站,我哥哥会送我去的。A. can’t不能;B. mustn’t禁止;C. shouldn’t不应该;D. don’t have to不必。由语意可知,说话者的哥哥会送其去车站,因此没有必要再由听话者去送,这里要表达的是“不必”做某事。故选D项。 3.A 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:——你能送我去机场吗?我要迟到了。——跟我来。我会走最近的路线,你应该能赶上你的航班。A. shall应该;B. need需要;C. dare敢;D. have to必须。根据句意,此处表示说话人对将来的一种推测或者预测,用shall。故选A。 4.B 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:太晚了。我现在得回家了。A. be able to能够:具备能力去做某事;B. have to必须,不得不:表示某事是必需或必要的;C. had better最好;D. dare敢于。根据上文“It’s too late.”可知,因为太晚了,所以不得不回家。故选B。 5.A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:下次,在你签署文件之前,先看看上面的小字。你不允许再犯同样的错误了。A. mustn't禁止;B.needn't没必要;C.don't have to不必;D.wouldn't不愿意。根据句意可知,此处表示禁止在犯同样的错误,故选A。 6.D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:——我今天必须得完成论文吗?——不,你不必。A. must必须;B. need需要;C. couldn’t不能;D. don’t have to不必。根据回答No可知,此处表示“不必”,故用don’t have to或needn’t,故选D。 7.A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:——我必须今天完成论文吗?——不,不必。你可以下周交。以must提问的一般疑问句,意为“……必须……吗”,肯定回答用must(必须),否定回答用needn't或don't/doesn't have to,表示“不必”,结合后文You can hand it in next week.可知为否定回答,故选A。 8.D 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:这几天他真的特别累,他得及时完成任务。分析句意可知“他累的原因是需及时完成任务”;have to do sth表示“必须做某事”符合题意。故选D项。 9.C 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:——妈妈,我今晚可以和汤姆去听音乐会吗?——不,你不能。因为要下雨了。A. needn’t不必;B. don’t have to没有必要;C. mustn’t禁止,不得;D. shouldn’t不应该。根据后文的回答“Because it will be rainy.”可知妈妈禁止去听音乐会,因为要下雨了,mustn’t符合语境。故选C。 10.C 【解析】考查情态动词+not的词义辨析。句意:——当我们在读书的时候遇到生词就查字典好吗?——不,你不必那样做。因为你有可能通过上下文猜出它的词义。A.can't 不能;B.mustn't禁止;C.don't have to不必;D.ought not to不应该。根据句意,此处指不需要碰见生词就查字典,故选C。 11.C 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:我已经点了一些披萨,所以我们回家累了就不用担心做饭了。A. can’t不能;B. dare not不敢;C. needn’t不必;D. mustn’t禁止。根据“I’ve ordered some pizza”可知,点了披萨后,不再需要做饭,表示“不必”担心做饭。故选C。 12.C 【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意:你不需要带额外的衣服,因为这次旅行只是一个短暂的周末。A. mustn’t禁止,绝对不可以;B. may not可能不;C. needn’t不必;D. dare not不敢。句子提到 “because the trip is only for a short weekend”(因为这次旅行只是一个短暂的周末),说明没有必要带额外的衣服。所以应该用needn’t,表示没有做某事的必要性。故选C。 13.A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:——你一定要这么晚才下班吗?你吵得我受不了了。——你怎么敢这么跟我说话!A. Must必须;dare敢;B. Should应该;dare敢;C. Should应该;can能;D. Will愿意;can能。根据语境,第一空表示“一定”需用must表达说话者对对方行为的不满或不耐烦,第二空表示“敢”需用dare表达强烈的愤怒或不满,质问对方怎么有胆量以这种方式说话。故选A。 14.C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:我知道他错了,但我不必告诉他,因为他从来不听。A. mustn’t禁止,不许;B. daren’t不敢;C. needn’t不必;D. oughtn’t不应该。结合because he never listens可知,空格处应表达“不必”,故用 needn’t。故选C。 15.B 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:看,双黄线!你禁止在这里停车。A. wouldn’t不会;B. mustn’t禁止;C. needn’t不需要;D. daren’t不敢。由“double yellow lines”可知,句子表示“你禁止在这里停车”,空格处表示“禁止”,故选B。 16.D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:——考试对我们来说非常重要。你认为是吗?——是的,所以我们在考试时再认真都不为过。A.must't禁止;B.daren't不敢; C.neednt不必;D.can't不能。分析结构可知这向话使用“can't be too+形容词”的句型,意为“再……都不为过”。故选D。 17.D 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:杰克的父亲是英国人,他已经爱上了火锅!但是,即使与杰克的中国母亲结婚多年,仍有一些菜肴他不敢尝试。A. must必须;B. will要,将;C. need需要;D. dare敢。根据表示转折的“But”和“not try”可推知,情态动词dare“敢”符合题意,表示虽然杰克的父亲已经爱上火锅,但仍有一些菜肴不敢尝试。故选D。 18.D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:你敢把这个消息公布于众吗?A. Be able to能够;B. Have to不得不;C. Had better最好;D. Dare敢。根据“you let out the news to the public”可知,为问某人敢不敢做某事。故选D。 19.D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:我的房间很乱,但我今晚出去之前不需要打扫。我决定明天上午大扫除。A. daren’t不敢;B. shouldn’t不应该;C. mustn’t一定不要;D. needn’t不需要。根据“I have determined to do a thorough cleaning tomorrow morning.”可知,房间今晚出去之前不需要打扫。故选D。 20.C 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:爸爸爱上了火锅!但仍有一些菜,即使在与我母亲结婚多年后,他也不敢尝试。A. need 需要;B. should 应该;C. dare 敢;D. had better 最好。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查表示“敢”对应的情态动词dare。故选C。 21.A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:当他在那里的时候,他每天下班后都会去街角的那家咖啡店。A. would(带出过去常见的情况)总是,老是;B. should应该;C. had better最好;D. might as well不妨,不如。根据When he was there可知,此句表示过去那时候一件经常发生的事情,用would。故选A。 22.D 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:我们最好不要吃太多咸的食物,因为它对我们的身体有害。A. would会;B. need需要;C. might not可能不;D. had better not最好不要。由“eat too much salty food as it is harmful to our body”可知,句子表示“我们最好不要吃太多咸的食物,因为它对我们的身体有害”,空格处意为“最好不要”。故选D。 23.C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在我看来,你最好暂时让他一个人静一静。A.are able to能够;B.have to不得不;C. had better应该;最好;D.dare to敢于。根据句意,此处提出建议,had better符合句意,表示告诉别人应该做的事,故选C。 24.C 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:我们最好不要吃太多的烧烤食品,因为它可能对我们的健康有害。A. wouldn’t不会,不肯;B. needn’t不需要,没必要;C. had better not最好不要;D. might not可能不。根据后半句“as it may do harm to our health”可知,太多烧烤食品不利健康,所以建议“最好不要”吃太多。had better not符合语境。故选C项。 25.A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:如果你不介意的话,我该走了。ought to应该,应当,后接动词原形。B选择项中ought后需加to;C选择项中情态动词should后接动词原形,to应该去掉;D选择项中had better后接动词原形,to应该去掉。故选A。 26.C 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:他在那儿的时候,每天有空的时候都会去拐角处的茶馆。A. had better不得不;B. might也许;C. would老是;D. should应该。由语境可知,“每天有空时去茶馆”是过去的习惯性动作,would可用于表示过去的习惯或过去经常发生的动作或过去的规律性动作,后接动词原形。故选C项。 27.A 【解析】考查情态动词和had better (not)的用法。句意:---妈妈,我现在可以出去玩吗?---不,你最好不要。你应该先做作业。A.  May可以,had better not 最好不;B.  Must必须, wouldn’t 不会;    C.  May可以, needn’t不必; D.  Must必须,mustn’t 禁止。must必须;may可以;根据回答“You should do your homework first.”可知问句是表请求,故第一空填may“可以”,第二个空填had better not“最好不要”。故选A。 28.B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:你最好尽快完成它。我们还有很多工作要做。had better do sth.是固定短语,意为“最好做某事”,因此空格处是动词原形,故选B。 29.B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:——妈妈,在您出差期间,我必须每天给花浇水吗?——不,你不必。你可以一周浇一次水。A. mustn’t禁止;B. needn’t不必;C. can’t不能;D. couldn’t不能,can’t的过去式。以“Must I”开头的一般疑问句,否定回答用No, you needn’t/ don’t have to。故选B。 30.A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:——打扰一下,格林小姐,我明天必须交作业吗?——不,你不必。你可以下周一再交给我。A. needn’t不必;B. wouldn’t将不会(表示将来意愿或假设);C. couldn’t不能(表示能力或可能性的否定);D. mustn’t禁止,不允许。“Must I...”的否定回答为:No, you needn’t。根据“You can give it to me next Monday.”可知,不必明天交作业,故选A。 31.C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:格林先生现在不可能在家。他上星期五出国度假去了。A. needn’t不必;B. mustn’t禁止;C. can’t不可能;D. shouldn’t不应该。根据“He went abroad on vacation last Friday.”可知,现在格林先生不可能在家。故选C。 32.D 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:我的iPad今天早上无法启动。一定是出了什么问题。A. shouldn’t不应该;B. mustn’t禁止;C. needn’t不需要;D. wouldn’t不会。由于设备出现了故障导致无法正常启动,因此选用表示“不会”含义的wouldn’t最为恰当。故选D项。 33.B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:—— 抱歉,托尼。我太忙了,这个星期六不能参加会议。—— 好吧,如果你真的抽不出时间,你不必参加。A. shouldn't 不应该;B. needn't 不必;C. can't 不能;D. mustn't 禁止。由上文“Sorry, Tony. I’m too busy to attend the meeting this Saturday(抱歉,托尼。我太忙了,这个星期六不能参加会议)”可知,说话人表明自己太忙无法参加会议,而答语 “if you truly can’t spare the time(如果你真的抽不出时间)” 中 进一步强调如果真的没时间,那么“不必”参加会议,needn't 表示“没有必要”,符合语境。故选B项。 34.B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:如果你太忙的话,你不需要来参加会议。A. mustn't不准(表示禁止);B. needn't不需要(表示没有必要);C. can't不能(表示能力上做不到或推测不可能);D. shouldn't不应该。根据“if you're too busy (如果你太忙)”可知,因为忙而不必来参加会议,这里表达的是没有必要,所以使用needn't最为恰当。故选B项。 35.A 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:你本不需要带你的笔记本电脑。我们这里有电脑。A. needn't不需要(表示没有必要);B. must必须;C. can能够;D. should应该。根据“We have computers here (我们这里有电脑)”可知,因为这里已经有电脑了,所以带笔记本电脑是没有必要的,needn't符合语境。故选A项。 36.A 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:你不必担心考试。它并不那么难。A. needn't不必;B. must必须;C. can't不能;D. should应该。根据下文“It's not that difficult(它并不那么难)”可知,这里强调的是考试并不难,因此没有必要担心。needn't表示“不必”,符合语境,故选A项。 37.D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:你现在一定要打扰我吗?我正忙着准备报告。A. Need需要;B. Should应该;C. Might可能;D. Must必须。根据“I’m busy preparing a report.”可知,must在疑问句中表示“非要,偏要”,带有不满、不耐烦的语气。故选D。 38.D 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:每个人在生活中都会犯错误,所以在我看来,你不必为此感到难过。A. wouldn’t不会;B. aren’t不是;C. mustn’t禁止;D. needn’t没必要。根据句意,大家都会犯错,正所谓人无完人,所以没必要对此而难过,needn’t符合题意。故选D项。 39.A 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:——我应该告诉她这个好消息吗?——不,你不需要。她已经知道了。A. needn’t 不必;B. mustn’t 禁止,不可以;C. shouldn’t 不应该;D. can’t 不能。根据“She has known it already.”可知,她已经知道了,所以没有必要再告诉她。故选A项。 40.A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意:我已经为野餐准备好了食物,你不需要带任何吃的东西。A.needn’t不必,不需要;B.can’t不能;C.mustn’t禁止;D.daren’t不敢。根据句意“我已经为野餐准备好了食物”可知,你没必要带吃的了。故选A。 41.D 【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:站到那边,你会看得更清楚。A. or否则;B. while然而;C.  but 但是;D. and 和。分析句子可知,这里考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的用法,根据句意,这里表示顺承关系,所以应用连词and。故选D项。 42.A 【解析】考查交际用语。句意:——你能来帮我们打扫房间吗?——我很想,但是我在做作业。A.I’d love to我很想;B.I hope not我希望不;C.I do care我的确在乎;D.I’m afraid not我恐怕不行。根据下文“but I’m doing my homework”可推断,说话人愿意帮忙但是在做作业不能来帮忙,故选A。 43.B 【解析】考查动名词的复合结构。句意:他为没能赶来而道歉。分析可知此处为“形容词性物主代词/代词宾格+动名词”的复合结构作宾语,否定意义在动名词前加not,故选B。 44.A 【解析】考查状语从句。句意:我学习意大利语,这样我就能读到但丁的原著。A. so that以便;B. even though即使;C. in case以防;D. as if好像。分析可知,空处引导目的状语从句,意为“以便”。故选A项。 45.D 【解析】考查动名词和短语辨析。句意:他从小就梦想着考上北京大学。A.being likely to可能; B.being able to能够;C.being eager to渴望; D.being admitted to加入,进入。根据句意,可知是进入北京大学,of为介词,后应加动名词作宾语,故选D。 二、 46.dare 47.have to 48.has to/had better/need 49.need 50.needn’t/don’t have to 51.had better not 52.needn’t/don’t have to 【解析】46.考查情态动词。句意:我怕水,不知道自己是否敢跳进游泳池游泳。分析句子可知,空处应使用情态动词dare,表示“有胆量做某事”。故填dare。 47.考查情态动词。句意:我不想参加会议,但我必须参加,因为这是主任的要求。分析句子可知,空处应填情态动词have to(有人称和数的变化),意为“(由于客观原因)不得不”。结合语境,句子应使用一般现在时,主语为I,其后have用原形。故填have to。 48.考查情态动词。句意:他病得很重,必须送他去医院。分析句子可知,空处应使用情态动词have to(有人称和时态变化)及情态动词had better/need(无人称和时态变化)表示 “不得不”和“最好/需要”。由于主语是He,且结合语境句子应使用一般现在时,故have to应使用has to。故填has to/had better/need。 49.考查情态动词。句意:如果你太忙,就不必来参加会议。分析句子可知,空处应使用情态动词need,与not构成“不必”之意。故填need。 50.考查情态动词。句意:在你去新学校之前你不必担心,因为你的同学会非常友好。分析句子可知,空处应使用情态动词need的否定式needn’t(不必)或者have to的否定式don’t have to(不必)(有人称和数的变化),由于主语是you,且结合语境句子应使用一般现在时,应用don’t have to。故填needn’t/don’t have to。 51.考查情态动词。句意:你最好不要不吃早餐就去学校,因为那对你的健康有害。分析句子可知,空处应填情态动词had better的否定式had better not,意为“最好不要…...”。故填had better not。 52.考查情态动词。句意:我们不必带任何食物去参加聚会,因为Sue会把一切都准备好的。分析句子可知,空处应使用情态动词need的否定式needn’t(不必)或者have to的否定式don’t have to(不必)(有人称和数的变化),由于主语是we,且结合语境句子应使用一般现在时,应用don’t have to。故填needn’t/don’t have to。 三、 53. Must needn’t 【解析】考查情态动词。第一个空用情态动词must,表示“必须”,位于句首,首字母大写。第二个空应该填needn’t,表示“不需要,不必须”,对must开头的疑问句进行否定的回答。故答案为:①Must;②needn’t。 54.needn’t 【解析】考查情态动词。根据句意可知,此处为情态动词needn’t“不需要,不必”,满足句意要求。故填needn’t。 55.Need he stay 【解析】考查情态动词。表示“需要”应用情态动词need,所以表示“需要做某事”应用need do sth.;表示“待在某处”应用stay;分析句子结构以及句意可知,空格处应填need he stay,放句首时首字母应大写。故填Need he stay。 56.go through 【解析】考查动词短语。表示“经历”可使用动词短语go through,“he’s had to”是“he has had to”的缩写,为现在完成时。 have to“不得不”后接动词原形。故填go through。 57.have to study harder 【解析】考查动词和副词比较级。根据句意,表示“不得不”应为have to,位于助动词will之后,所以此处使用动词原形,表示“更努力地学习”为study harder,其中harder为副词比较级修饰动词study,位于have to之后,所以study为动词原形。故填have to study harder。 58.so that you don’t have to hurry 【解析】考查目的状语从句、情态动词和动词。根据英文和汉语提示,设空处表示“这样就……”,应用so that引导目的状语从句。主语为“你”,应用you;“不用”可用情态动词don’t have to表示,其后跟动词原形;“急匆匆”可用不及物动词hurry表示。故填so that you don’t have to hurry。 59.(that) I had to make a choice 【解析】考查宾语从句、情态动词、时态和固定搭配。分析句子并结合汉语提示,设空处表示“我得做出选择”,作“明白”(knew)的宾语,可译为宾语从句,“得”可表示为have to,其后跟动词原形;“做出选择”可表示为make a choice,从句结构、意义完整,使用that引导,that可省略。根据句中的at that momen可知,这里表示过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填(that) I had to make a choice。 60.make inferences 【解析】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示,表示“做出推论”用make inferences,设空处使用动词短语,与空前的has to构成谓语动词。故填make inferences。 61.ask my teacher and classmates for help 【解析】考查动词短语。“向……寻求帮助”用短语ask sb. for help;“老师和同学们”翻译为my teacher and classmates。have to do sth.不得不做某事。故填ask my teacher and classmates for help。 62. leave behind 【解析】考查动词短语。中英文对照可知设空处考查“把……留下”英文表达;“把……留下”用动词短语leave…behind表达;由空前的so we had to可知第一空应填动词原形,have to do sth意为“不得不……,只好……”;因此第一空填动词leave,第二空填behind。故答案为①leave;②behind。 63.dare not go winter swimming 【解析】考查情态动词。表示“不敢”用dare not,后接动词原形。表示“去冬泳”用go winter swimming,位于情态动词dare后,go用原形。故填dare not go winter swimming。 64.dare not 【解析】考查情态动词。dare表示“敢于”,可以当情态动词用,也可以用作实义动词。作情态动词的时候,和别的情态动词一样,后跟动词原形,否定为后面加not。故填dare not。 65.I dare not try again/I didn’t dare (to) try again 【解析】考查情态动词和动词。根据中英文提示,设空处表示“我不敢再试了”。dare意为“敢”,既可作情态动词,此时后跟动词原形,其否定形式为dare not,无时态变化,也可作实义动词,此时dare (to) do sth.意为“敢做某事”,其否定形式为在词前加don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。“试”可用try表示,在这里作不及物动词,用again(再一次)修饰。故填I dare not try again/I didn’t dare (to) try again 66.How dare you say 【解析】考查情态动词和动词。对比中英文可知,空处表示“你怎么敢说”,“怎么”应用特殊疑问词how,主语“你”用代词you,“敢说”可用情态动词dare和动词say搭配,空后“I am a thief”作动词say的宾语从句,从句句意完整,不缺少成分,应用连接词that引导,且that可省略,句首单词的首字母需大写。故填How dare you say。 67.you’d better keep a balance between online learning and offline learning 【解析】考查情态动词。had better do sth.最好做某事,保持平衡为keep a balance,线上学习和线下学习之间为between online learning and offline learning。故填you’d better keep a balance between online learning and offline learning. 68. leave alone 【解析】考查固定短语。分析句意可知,表示“别管某人”可用固定短语leave sb alone,再根据空格前的had better可知,应该用动词原形。故填①leave②alone。 69.We had better eat more fresh vegetables and fruit 【解析】考查情态动词和比较级。had better意为“最好”,为情态动词,其后应跟动词原形。eat意为“吃”;fresh意为“新鲜的”;vegetable意为“蔬菜”,为可数名词;fruit意为“水果”,可作可数名词和不可数名词。根据句中的“多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果”可知,这里表示比较,即吃更多的新鲜蔬菜和水果,这里修饰名词,应用many的比较级more。故答案为We had better eat more fresh vegetables and fruit。 70.had better 【解析】考查固定搭配。根据句意再根据空格后的动词原形do可知,此处用固定搭配had better do sth表示“最好做某事”。故填had beter。 71.Better not hang out 【解析】考查固定短语和情态动词had better 的用法。根据所给汉语意思,短语“最好……”had better,后接动词原形,否定形式为had better not do...,可省略为“better not+动词原形”;短语“闲逛”hang out。 故填Better not hang out。 72.have an important thing to deal with 【解析】考查动词短语和不定式。根据汉语提示可知,空处需要补全“有一件重要的事要处理”,have sth. to do意为“有某事要做”,是固定短语,其中不定式作后置定语修饰名词sth.,表示动作尚未发生;“一件重要的事”可译为an important thing;“处理”可译为deal with。句子描述的是现在的情况,应用一般现在时,主语为I,谓语动词用原形。故填have an important thing to deal with。 一、单句语法填空 1.但是,你越有礼貌,遭受攻击的可能性就越小。 However, you are, it is you . 2.但是,你越有礼貌,遭受攻击的可能性就越小。 However, you are, it is you . 3.很高兴知道你对中国文学产生了浓厚的兴趣,我迫不及待地想向你推荐一本经典的中国文学作品——《封神演义》。 that you’ve picked up a burning interest in Chinese literature, I a classic Chinese literary work to you—The Investiture of the Gods. 4.他问我是否敢摸大象。 He asked me if I . 5.需要我马上把孩子们召集在一起吗? together at once? 6.虽然我们在性格上完全不同,但我们仍然是不错的朋友。 Even though we completely , we are still great friends. 7.你最好带着钥匙以防我不在家。 You’d better take the key . 8.下面是你在中国如何注意餐桌礼仪的一些建议。 The following are my suggestions on in China. 9.我强烈地向大家推荐它,因为它有很多关于在日常生活中保持健康的有用信息。 I strongly it everyone because it has lots of useful information about being healthy during your daily life. 10.——我可以用下你的车吗?— I use your car? ——不可以。—No, you . 11.当你过那条马路时,你一定要小心来往的车辆。 When you cross the road, you with the passing cars. 12.五英里内禁止人们倒垃圾。 People are forbidden to pour waste five miles. 13.你最好快点,要不然你上课就迟到了。 You , or else you will be late for class. 14.我把自己锁在了我们的公寓外面,不得不破门而入。 I locked myself out of our apartment and . 15.建议政府应采取各种措施处理这个问题。 the government should adopt various measures to deal with the problem. 二、短文填空 (一) 根据课文内容,在空白处填入所缺的单词。 Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went, we 16 wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong’s 17 dim sum — small servings of food in bamboo steamers — to the 18 stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as 19 as the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and 20 . Beyond this, you can keep healthy by 21 different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and 22 , rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher 23 of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything in life, 24 is key. The 25 diet is a balanced one,without too much or too little of any one thing. (二) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)或根据首字母和中文提示填写单词的正确形式。 There is much debate as to 26 makes a healthy diet. For example, scientists 27 (insist) for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing e 28 (证据) that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. In America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely 29 (die) from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day. Therefore, it is necessary 30 (cut) down the foods that contain high amount of sugar. The American Heart Association 31 (recommend) that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, 32 is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. Finally, there is no t 33 (窍门) healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy a 34 (态度) towards food. If you are using food mostly for 35 (nutritious), then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide. 参考答案 一、 1. the more polite the less likely will be attacked 【解析】考查固定句型和时态。表示“越……就越……”使用固定句型“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。“有礼貌的”使用形容词polite,其比较级形式为more polite,所以第一空填the more polite;“可能性小”常用less likely来表达 ,所以第二空填the less likely;“攻击”是动词attack,与主语you之间是被动语态,“遭受攻击”是be attacked,这里用一般将来时表示未来发生的情况,即will be attacked。 故答案为①the more polite②the less likely③will be attacked。 2. the more polite the less likely will be attacked 【解析】考查“the + 比较级……the + 比较级……”结构和时态。此结构表示“越……就越……”。“有礼貌的”英文是polite,其比较级形式为more polite,所以第一空填the more polite,表示“越有礼貌” 。“可能性小”常用less likely来表达 ,所以这里填the less likely,意思是“遭受攻击的可能性就越小”。 第三空考查一般将来时的被动语态。“攻击”是attack,与主语you之间是被动语态,“遭受攻击”是be attacked,这里用一般将来时表示未来发生的情况,即will be attacked,表示“你将会遭受攻击”。 故答案为①the more polite;②the less likely;③will be attacked。 3. Delighted to know can hardly wait to recommend 【解析】考查形容词和固定短语。句意:对比中英文句子可知,第一空意为“很高兴知道”,第二空意为“迫不及待地想推荐”,“很高兴做某事”是固定短语be delighted to do sth.,“知道”是know,因此第一空用形容词delighted作状语,位于句首的单词首字母大写,因此第一空是Delighted to know。“迫不及待地想做某事”是固定短语can hardly wait to do sth.,“推荐”是recommend,因此第二空意为“can hardly wait to recommend”。故填Delighted to know,can hardly wait to recommend。 4.dared (to) touch an elephant 【解析】考查动词、名词和时态。根据句意,此处表示“我敢摸大象”,表示“敢”为动词dare作从句的谓语,结合主句中的谓语动词asked可知,此处使用一般过去时,所以谓语动词为dared,其后可以使用动词不定式短语作宾语,其中不定式符号to可以省略,表示“摸大象”为touch an elephant,其中elephant作宾语。故填dared (to) touch an elephant。 5.Need I gather the children 【解析】考查情态动词、动词和名词。对比中英文可知,空处表示“需要我把孩子们召集”,主语“我”用代词I,谓语“需要召集”可用情态动词need和动词短语gather搭配,宾语“孩子们”可用名词the children,句子为一般疑问句,情态动词need应放在主语之前,句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Need I gather the children。 6.differ from each other in character 【解析】考查动词短语。表示“不同于”短语为differ from;表示“彼此”短语为each other;表示“在性格上”短语为in character;根据后文are可知为一般现在时。故填differ from each other in character。 7.in case I’m out 【解析】考查状语从句。陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,表示“以防”应用in case,引导目的状语从句;表示“我不在家”可用I’m out。故填in case I’m out。 8.how to mind your table manners 【解析】考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。根据句意,此处表示“如何注意餐桌礼仪”为“疑问词+不定式”结构,表示“如何”为how,表示“注意餐桌礼仪”为mind your table manners。故填how to mind your table manners。 9. recommend to 【解析】考查动词。对比中英文可知,缺少“向……推荐”为动词短语recommend...to...。设空处为句子的谓语,叙述客观事实,时态为一般现在时,主语为I,结合主谓一致,故填① recommend ② to。 10. May mustn’t 【解析】考查情态动词。第一空表示请求或询问允许,应用may I...;第二空肯定回答为Yes, you can;否定回答No, you mustn't。故填①May;②mustn’t。 11.must be careful 【解析】考查情态动词must的用法。表示“一定,必须”用must,“对……小心,仔细”用be careful with表达。故填must be careful。 12.within a limit of 【解析】考查介词和固定短语。“禁止”使用固定短语a limit of,前面用介词within“不出(范围或限度)”,故填within a limit of。 13.had better hurry up 【解析】考查情态动词。“最好”had better,“快点”hurry up,情态动词had better后接动词原形形式。故填had better hurry up。 14.had to break in 【解析】考查时态。“不得不做某事”have to do sth.,“破门而入”break in,根据句中locked可知,句子使用一般过去时,动词使用过去式形式had。故填had to break in。 15.It was recommended that 【解析】考查固定句型。“It be+过去分词+that…”为固定句型,it为形式主语,that引导的主语从句是句子真正的主语,recommend意为“推荐”,此处陈述过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,主语为it,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故答案是It was recommended that。 二、 (一) 16.experienced 17.elegant 18.exceptional 19.varied 20.kindness 21.eating 22.fibre 23.quantities 24.moderation 25.balanced 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了吃不同种类的食物的重要性。 16.考查动词。句意:在我们去的每一个地方,我们都能品尝到美妙的当地菜肴,从广东优雅的点心(用竹制蒸笼盛的小份食物)到河南独特的炖面。根据课文内容和句意可知,应填experience,表示“体验”,作谓语动词,根据上下文语境,描述过去发生的事情,句子使用一般过去时,故填experienced。 17.考查形容词。句意同上。根据课文内容和句意可知,应填elegant,表示“优雅的”,修饰名词用形容词,故填elegant。 18.考查形容词。句意:在我们去的每一个地方,我们都能品尝到美妙的当地菜肴,从广东优雅的点心(用竹制蒸笼盛的小份食物)到河南独特的炖面。根据课文内容和句意可知,应填exceptional,表示“独特的”,修饰noodles,用形容词作定语,故填exceptional。 19.考查形容词。句意:到处都有各种各样的食物和人。根据课文内容和句意可知,应填varied“不同的”作表语,故填varied。 20.考查名词。句意:然而,有一件事是永远正确的:通过食物,各地的中国人都表现出友谊和善良。根据课文内容和句意可知,应填kindness,表示“善良”,与friendship并列作宾语,故填kindness。 21.考查主谓一致。句意:除此之外,你可以吃不同种类的新鲜食物来保持健康,尤其是富含维生素和纤维的蔬菜和水果,而不要吃加工过的食物。根据课文内容和句意可知,应填eat“吃”作宾语,介词后用动名词作宾语,故填eating。 22.考查名词。句意同上。根据课文内容和句意可知,应填fibre,表示“纤维”作宾语,不可数名词,故填fibre。 23.考查名词。句意:加工食物通常含有较少的营养,比新鲜的食材含有更多的糖、盐和脂肪。根据课文内容和句意可知,应填 quantity,表示“数量”,quantities of“许多”是固定短语,故填quantities, 24.考查名词。句意:与生活中的一切一样,适度是关键。根据课文内容和句意可知,应填moderation,表示“适度”作主语,不可数名词,故填moderation。 25.考查形容词。句意:理想的饮食是平衡的,任何一种东西都不过量或过少。根据课文内容和句意可知,应填balanced,表示“均衡的”,作定语,修饰diet。故填 balanced。 (二) 26.what 27.have insisted 28.evidence 29.to die 30.to cut 31.recommends 32.which 33.trick 34.attitude 35.nutrition 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出,尽管多年来科学家都认为脂肪食品是健康的大敌,但越来越多的证据表明,糖才是导致健康状况恶化的真正原因。因此,减少摄入高糖食物是必要的。 26.考查宾语从句。句意:关于什么是健康的饮食有很多争论。“ makes a healthy diet”是宾语从句,从句缺少主语,表食物,用连接代词what引导该宾语从句。故填what。 27.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:例如,科学家多年来一直坚持认为,健康的大敌是高脂肪食物。分析句子可知,insist(坚持认为)是句中谓语动词,与主语scientists(科学家)之间是主动关系,句中有时间状语for years,描述从过去持续到现在的动作,应使用现在完成时态,又因主语是复数名词,所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上,谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态,复数形式。故填have insisted。 28.考查名词。句意:然而,越来越多的证据表明,健康状况不佳的真正罪魁祸首不是高脂肪食物,而是糖。“证据”在there be句型中作主语,根据首字母提示,用可数名词evidence,结合系动词is可知,主语是单数名词。故填evidence。 29.考查非谓语动词。句意:在美国,每天从糖中摄取25%或以上卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是每天从糖中摄取不到10%卡路里的人的两倍。...be likely to do...是固定搭配,意为“……有可能……”。故填to die。 30.考查非谓语动词。句意:因此,有必要减少含糖量高的食物。It be+adj.+to do...是固定句型,意为“做……是……的”,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式结构。故填to cut。 31.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:美国心脏协会建议我们每天从糖中摄取的热量控制在100-150卡路里以内,这比通常一罐甜饮料或一块糖果所含的热量要少。分析句子可知,recommend(建议)是主句中谓语动词,与主语The American Heart Association(美国心脏协会)之间是主动关系,描述一般性事实,应使用一般现在时态,又因主语是专有名词,所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上,谓语应用一般现在时的主动语态,单数形式。故填recommends。 32.考查定语从句。句意:美国心脏协会建议我们每天从糖中摄取的热量控制在100-150卡路里以内,这比通常一罐甜饮料或一块糖果所含的热量要少。分析句子可知,空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词100-150 calories,指物,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 33.考查名词。句意:最后,健康饮食没有诀窍。“窍门”在there be句型中作主语,根据首字母提示,用可数名词trick,结合系动词is可知,主语是单数名词。故填trick。 34.考查名词。句意:相反,健康饮食始于对食物的健康态度。“态度”作宾语,根据首字母提示,用可数名词attitude,结合冠词a可知,用单数名词。故填attitude。 35.考查名词。句意:如果你主要是为了营养而食用食物,那么你的饮食就走上了正确的道路。提示词作宾语,用名词nutrition,意为“营养”,不可数名词。故填nutrition。 1 / 12 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Food for thought 核心语法精练 (情态动词have to/be able to/had better/need/dare的用法) 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单项选择 4 二、选词填空 8 三、完成句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 单句语法填空 13 题型二 语篇语法填空 14 一、情态动词概略 情态动词(Modal verbs)是一类本身具有一定词义,表示说话人对某一动作或状态的看法、态度或主观设想的动词。其特点如下: 不能独立作谓语:情态动词必须和动词原形一起构成谓语,例如:I can play basketball. (can 是情态动词,play 是动词原形,共同构成谓语部分) 有一定词义但不完整:像 can 表示 “能、会”,must 表示 “必须” 等,但它们需要与动词原形搭配才能完整表达句子含义,如:You must wear a seatbelt in the car. (must 单独无法完整表意,加上 wear a seatbelt 才完整) 无人称和数的变化:无论主语是第一人称(I/we)、第二人称(you)还是第三人称(he/she/it/they),情态动词形式不变。如:He can swim. / They can swim. (can 形式未因主语不同而改变) 二、have to的用法 ①表示客观必要性:强调由于外部环境、规定、事实等客观因素,某人 “不得不,必须” 做某事。例如:I have to get up early every day because I live far from school. (因为住得离学校远这个客观事实,所以不得不早起);We have to follow the traffic rules. (交通规则是客观规定,我们必须遵守) ②时态变化:have to 可用于多种时态。一般现在时用 have to/has to(第三人称单数用 has to);一般过去时用 had to;一般将来时用 will have to 等。例如:He has to finish his homework before he watches TV. (一般现在时);She had to walk home yesterday because there was no bus. (一般过去时);They will have to work hard to pass the exam. (一般将来时) ③否定句和疑问句:构成否定句和疑问句时,借助助动词 do/does/did。 否定句:You don't have to come if you are busy. (你不必来如果你很忙) 疑问句:Do you have to leave so soon? (你必须这么快就离开吗?) 三、be able to的用法 ①表示能力:强调通过努力而获得的能力,可用于各种时态。例如: She is able to solve the math problem after thinking hard. (经过努力思考,她能解出这道数学题) He was able to run faster than others in the race last week. (上周比赛中他能比其他人跑得更快,一般过去时) We will be able to travel to the moon in the future. (将来我们将能去月球旅行,一般将来时) ②与 can 的区别:can 只有一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)两种时态形式,而 be able to 时态形式更丰富;在表示过去特定场合下成功做成某事时,常用 was/were able to,不用 could。例如: The fire spread quickly, but they were able to escape just in time. (火灾迅速蔓延,但他们及时成功逃脱了,强调过去特定情况下成功做到) 四、had better的用法 ①基本用法:意为 “最好”,后接动词原形,表示建议或劝告,通常用来指现在或将来的情况。had 可缩写为 'd 。例如: You'd better wear warm clothes. It's cold outside. (你最好穿上暖和的衣服,外面冷) We had better start now, or we'll be late. (我们最好现在就出发,否则会迟到) ②否定形式:在 had better 后直接加 not,即 had better not do sth. 例如: You had better not eat too much junk food. (你最好不要吃太多垃圾食品) ③特点:had better 用于提出建议时,语气并不十分委婉,暗示对方有义务去做某事,常用于长辈对晚辈、上级对下级等。例如: The teacher said to the students, “You had better finish your homework on time.” (老师对学生说 “你们最好按时完成作业”) 五、need的用法 ①作情态动词:常用于否定句和疑问句中,后接动词原形。在疑问句中,need 意为 “需要”;在否定句中,needn't 表示 “不必”。例如: Need I come early tomorrow? (我明天需要早来吗?) You needn't worry about it. (你不必为此担心) ②作实义动词:有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词不定式(to do)或动名词(doing)作宾语。接动名词作宾语时,主动形式表被动意义。例如: He needs to study hard. (他需要努力学习,need 为实义动词,有人称变化) The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. (自行车需要修理,主动表被动) 六、dare的用法 ①作情态动词:常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中,后接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。过去式为 dared。例如: Dare he jump into the river? (他敢跳进河里吗?) She dare not go out alone at night. (她晚上不敢独自出去) ②作实义动词:有各种时态变化,后接带 to 的不定式(to do),在否定句和疑问句中,to 可以省略。例如: He doesn't dare (to) tell his father the truth. (他不敢告诉他父亲真相) Do you dare to challenge him? (你敢挑战他吗?) 一、单项选择 1.—Can you come to have dinner with me this evening? —I’m afraid not. I_________ take care of my grandmother. She is ill. A.can’t B.have to C.may D.could 2.You ________ take me to the station. My brother will take me to. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.don’t have to 3.—Could you give me a ride to the airport? I’m going to be late. — Come with me. I’ll take the nearest route and you ______ be in time for your flight. A.shall B.need C.dare D.have to 4.It’s too late. I __________ go home now. A.be able to B.have to C.had better D.dare 5.Next time, read the small print in the document before you sign it. You ________ make the same mistake again. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.don’t have to D.wouldn’t 6.—Must I finish the paper today? — No, you _________. A.must B.need C.couldn’t D.don’t have to 7.—Must I finish the paper today? —No, you _________. You can hand it in next week. A.needn’t B.can C.have to D.mustn’t 8.He is extremely tired these days, and he has  ________ his task in time. A.finished B.finishing C.to finishing D.to finish 9.—Mum, may I go to the concert with Tom tonight? —No, you ________. Because it will be rainy. A.needn’t B.don’t have to C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t 10.—Is it good to look up every new word when I come across it in reading? —No. You ________, because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.don’t have to D.ought not to 11.I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A.can’t B.dare not C.needn’t D.mustn’t 12.You ______ bring extra clothes because the trip is only for a short weekend. A.mustn’t B.may not C.needn’t D.dare not 13.— __________ you work at such a late hour? You are killing me with that noise. — How __________ you talk to me like this! A.Must; dare B.Should; dare C.Should; can D.Will; can 14.I know he was wrong, but I ________ tell him because he never listens. A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.oughtn’t 15.Look, double yellow lines! You park here. A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.daren’t 16.—The test is very important to us. Do you think so? —Yes, so we ________ be too careful during the test. A.mustn’t B.daren’t C.needn’t D.can’t 17.Jack’s father, who is British, has come to love hot pot! But there are still some dishes that he ________ not try even after many years of marriage to his Chinese mother. A.must B.will C.need D.dare 18.__________ you let out the news to the public? A.Be able to B.Have to C.Had better D.Dare 19.My room is in a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight. I have determined to do a thorough cleaning tomorrow morning. A.daren’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 20.Dad has come to love hot pot! But there are still some dishes that he ________ not try even after many years of marriage to my mother. A.need B.should C.dare D.had better 21.When he was there, he ________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A.would B.should C.had better D.might as well 22.We ________eat too much salty food as it is harmful to our body. A.would B.need C.might not D.had better not 23.In my opinion, you________leave him alone for the time being to allow him to calm down. A.are able to B.have to C.had better D.dare to 24.We ______ eat too much roast food as it may do harm to our health. A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.had better not D.might not 25.Now if you'll excuse me, I ________be on my way. A.ought to B.ought C.should to D.had better to 26.When he was there, he _______ go to that tea house at the corner when he was free everyday. A.had better B.might C.would D.should 27.--- _____ I go out to play now, Mum? ---No, you _____. You should do your homework first. A.May; had better not B.Must; wouldn’t C.May; needn’t D.Must; mustn’t 28.You’d better ______ it as soon as possible. We have a lot of work to do. A.finished B.finish C.to finish D.finishes 29.—Mom, during your business trip, must I water the flowers every day? —No, you ______. You can water it once a week. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.couldn’t 30.—Excuse me, Miss Green. Must I hand in my homework tomorrow? —No, you ______ . You can give it to me next Monday. A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t 31.Mr. Green _________ be at home now. He went abroad on vacation last Friday. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 32.My iPad______ start this morning. There must have been something wrong with it. A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t 33.—Sorry, Tony. I’m too busy to attend the meeting this Saturday. —Well, you ________ attend it if you truly can’t spare the time. A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t 34.You ______ come to the meeting if you're too busy. A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.shouldn't 35.You ______ have brought your laptop. We have computers here. A.needn't B.must C.can D.should 36.You ______ worry about the test. It's not that difficult. A.needn't B.must C.can't D.should 37.______ you disturb me now? I’m busy preparing a report. A.Need B.Should C.Might D.Must 38.Everybody can make mistakes in life, so in my opinion, you ______ be sad about this. A.wouldn’t B.aren’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 39.—Should I tell her the good news? —No, you ________. She has known it already. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.can’t 40.I’ve prepared the food for the picnic and you ________ bring anything to eat. A.needn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.daren’t 41.Stand over there ______ you’ll be able to see it better. A.or B.while C.but D.and 42.— Will you be able to come and help us clean the room? — ________, but I’m doing my homework. A.I’d love to B.I hope not C.I do care D.I’m afraid not 43.He apologized for ________. A.his being not able to come B.his not being able to come C.him being not able to come D.himself not being able to come 44.1 study Italian ________ I would be able to read Dante in the original. A.so that B.even though C.in case D.as if 45.He has been dreaming of ______ Peking University since he was a little boy. A.being likely to B.being able to C.being eager to D.being admitted to 二、选词填空 be able to, have to, had better, dare, need(包含其否定形式) 46.Afraid of water, I wonder if I jump into the pool and swim. 47.I don’t want to attend the meeting, but I , because it’s required by the director. 48.He be sent to hospital, as he’s seriously ill. 49.You not come to the meeting if you’re too busy. 50.You worry before you go to the new school, for your classmates there will be very friendly. 51.You go to school without breakfast for it’s bad for your health. 52.We take any food to the party as Sue will get everything ready. 三、完成句子 53.—— 今晚我必须做出这道题?— I work out the question tonight? —— 不必啦。—No, you . 54.你不必现在就回答我的问题。 You answer my question now. 55.——他需要留在这儿吗? ——不,他不必留在这儿。 — here? — No, he needn't. 56.经历了种种磨难,他还那么乐观,令人惊叹。 He’s amazingly cheerful considering all he’s had to . 57.作为高中生,我不得不更努力地学习。 I will as a senior high school student. 58.你为什么不早点出发?这样就不用急匆匆的了。 Why don’t you start out early ? 59.就在那一刻,我明白了,我得做出选择。 I knew at that moment . 60.为了达到理解的目的,读者还需要不断地做出推论,激活新的图式。 In order to comprehend the text, readers has to and have new schemata activated. 61.下课后我不得不向老师和同学们寻求帮助。 I have to after class. 62.汤姆身体不适,因此我们只好把他留下。   Tom wasn’t feeling well, so we had to him . 63.我知道你不敢独自一人去冬泳。 I understand you alone. 64.他很强壮,我不敢和他打。 He is so strong that I fight against him. 65.我在爬树时摔了下来,胳膊受了伤。我不敢再试了。 When climbing the tree I fell down and got my arm hurt. . (dare) 66.你怎么敢说我是贼呢? I am a thief? 67.为了更有效地学习,你最好在线上学习和线下学习之间保持平衡。 To study more efficiently, . 68.你最好别管我,因为我正忙着给父母写信。 You’d better me , for I’m busy writing a letter to my parents. 69.我们最好多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果, 而不是垃圾食品。 instead of eating too much junk food. 70.他最好做一些研究。 He do some research. 71.最好不要和山姆闲逛。 with Sam then. 72.我很抱歉不能参加你的生日会,因为我有一件重要的事要处理。 I'm sorry for not being able to attend your birthday party, for I . 一、单句语法填空 1.但是,你越有礼貌,遭受攻击的可能性就越小。 However, you are, it is you . 2.但是,你越有礼貌,遭受攻击的可能性就越小。 However, you are, it is you . 3.很高兴知道你对中国文学产生了浓厚的兴趣,我迫不及待地想向你推荐一本经典的中国文学作品——《封神演义》。 that you’ve picked up a burning interest in Chinese literature, I a classic Chinese literary work to you—The Investiture of the Gods. 4.他问我是否敢摸大象。 He asked me if I . 5.需要我马上把孩子们召集在一起吗? together at once? 6.虽然我们在性格上完全不同,但我们仍然是不错的朋友。 Even though we completely , we are still great friends. 7.你最好带着钥匙以防我不在家。 You’d better take the key . 8.下面是你在中国如何注意餐桌礼仪的一些建议。 The following are my suggestions on in China. 9.我强烈地向大家推荐它,因为它有很多关于在日常生活中保持健康的有用信息。 I strongly it everyone because it has lots of useful information about being healthy during your daily life. 10.——我可以用下你的车吗?— I use your car? ——不可以。—No, you . 11.当你过那条马路时,你一定要小心来往的车辆。 When you cross the road, you with the passing cars. 12.五英里内禁止人们倒垃圾。 People are forbidden to pour waste five miles. 13.你最好快点,要不然你上课就迟到了。 You , or else you will be late for class. 14.我把自己锁在了我们的公寓外面,不得不破门而入。 I locked myself out of our apartment and . 15.建议政府应采取各种措施处理这个问题。 the government should adopt various measures to deal with the problem. 二、短文填空 (一) 根据课文内容,在空白处填入所缺的单词。 Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went, we 16 wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong’s 17 dim sum — small servings of food in bamboo steamers — to the 18 stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as 19 as the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and 20 . Beyond this, you can keep healthy by 21 different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and 22 , rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher 23 of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything in life, 24 is key. The 25 diet is a balanced one,without too much or too little of any one thing. (二) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)或根据首字母和中文提示填写单词的正确形式。 There is much debate as to 26 makes a healthy diet. For example, scientists 27 (insist) for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing e 28 (证据) that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. In America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely 29 (die) from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day. Therefore, it is necessary 30 (cut) down the foods that contain high amount of sugar. The American Heart Association 31 (recommend) that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, 32 is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. Finally, there is no t 33 (窍门) healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy a 34 (态度) towards food. If you are using food mostly for 35 (nutritious), then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide. 1 / 12 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 1 Food for thought 情态动词(I)(单元核心语法精练)英语外研版2019必修第二册
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Unit 1 Food for thought 情态动词(I)(单元核心语法精练)英语外研版2019必修第二册
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Unit 1 Food for thought 情态动词(I)(单元核心语法精练)英语外研版2019必修第二册
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